CN109223726B - Preparation method of novel hollow capsule and novel hollow capsule obtained by preparation method - Google Patents
Preparation method of novel hollow capsule and novel hollow capsule obtained by preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a novel hollow capsule and the novel hollow capsule obtained by the preparation method, wherein chitosan with a certain concentration is dripped into a high molecular weight polyelectrolyte mixed solution (any two mixed solutions of sodium alginate, xanthan gum and carrageenan) with a certain concentration, and the hollow capsule can be formed under oscillation; the preparation method is simple, low in cost and suitable for large-scale production, and meanwhile, the prepared hollow capsule is of a multilayer sandwich structure and has good compressive strength, drug slow release performance and adsorption performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of capsules, in particular to a preparation method of a hollow capsule, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a novel hollow capsule and the obtained novel hollow capsule.
Background
Hollow capsules have been widely used in the industrial fields of food, medicine, cosmetics, bioengineering, tissue engineering and the like, and with the continuous improvement of requirements on product structure and performance indexes, different problems or technical bottlenecks have been met more or less by emulsion method and template method preparation process technologies commonly adopted in the prior art.
For example, in the template method in the prior art, the particles are used as templates, the polymer ultrathin film is assembled on the template particles by using a layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and after the templates are removed, microcapsules with controllable structures and properties, which are easily endowed with various unique functions and meet the use requirements of end products are obtained.
However, the material of the template is generally CaCO3Gold, silicon or other inorganic materials, the template manufacturing process is complex, the cost is high, and the flexible production cannot be carried out due to the limitation of factors such as the shape and the size of the template.
The emulsion method has the problems and disadvantages that firstly, because a large amount of surfactant or other chemical stabilizer is added in the preparation process, the capsule product inevitably has certain congenital defects of more or less residual toxic chemical components. Secondly, the production cost is relatively high and the treatment process is complex. In addition, side reactions during the synthesis process have a significant influence on the capsule properties.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to provide a novel method for preparing hollow capsules, which is low in preparation cost, environment-friendly in process, and suitable for mass production; meanwhile, the prepared novel hollow capsule has a unique sandwich structure, thereby completing the invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a novel hollow capsule, which is embodied in the following aspects:
(1) a method for preparing a novel hollow capsule, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively adding chitosan, a first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and a second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte into water to respectively obtain a chitosan solution, a first solution and a second solution;
step 2, mixing the first solution and the second solution to obtain a mixed solution;
and 3, dropwise adding the chitosan solution into the mixed solution, and performing oscillation treatment to obtain the novel hollow capsule.
(2) The production process according to the above (1), wherein, in the step 1,
the molecular weight of the chitosan polyelectrolyte is 2000-10000 Da, preferably 2000-6000 Da.
(3) The production method according to one of the above (1) to (2), wherein, in step 1,
the molecular weight of the first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and the molecular weight of the second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are 100000-800000 Da, preferably 300000-700000 Da, and more preferably 400000-600000 Da respectively and independently.
(4) The production method according to any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein in step 1, the first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and the second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are different and are each independently selected from sodium alginate, xanthan gum, or carrageenan.
(5) The production method according to one of the above (1) to (4), wherein, in step 1,
the mass percentage concentration of the chitosan solution is 5-60%, preferably 10-40%, more preferably 20-40%, for example 30-40%; and/or
The mass percentage concentration of the first solution is 0.5-2%, such as 1%; and/or
The mass percentage concentration of the second solution is 0.1-1%, such as 0.5%;
(6) the production method according to one of the above (1) to (5), wherein, in step 2,
mixing the first solution and the second solution according to the volume ratio of (0.5-2) to 1 to obtain a mixed solution;
(7) the production method according to one of the above (1) to (6), wherein, in step 3,
adding the chitosan solution into the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1 (10-500), preferably 1 (10-200), more preferably 1 (30-100), such as 1: 50; and/or
The oscillation treatment is carried out for 1-24 hours, preferably for 2-8 hours, and more preferably for 4-6 hours.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel hollow capsule, which is embodied in the following aspects:
(8) a hollow capsule preferably obtained by the production method described in one of (1) to (7) above, more preferably having a diameter of 500 μm to 10 cm.
(9) The hollow capsule in the above (8), wherein the capsule wall of the hollow capsule is a multi-layer sandwich structure, and the adjacent layers have different structures and every other layer has the same structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an electron micrograph of chitosan (sodium alginate/xanthan gum) capsules prepared in example 1 (mainly showing a cross section of the capsule wall);
FIG. 2 is a second electron micrograph of a chitosan (sodium alginate/xanthan gum) capsule prepared in example 1 (mainly showing a cross section of an adjacent layer of the capsule wall).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples and experimental examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
The invention provides a preparation method of a hollow capsule with a sandwich unique structure, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively adding chitosan, a first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and a second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte into water to respectively obtain a chitosan solution, a first solution and a second solution;
step 2, mixing the first solution and the second solution to obtain a mixed solution;
and 3, dropwise adding the chitosan solution obtained in the step 1 into the mixed solution obtained in the step 2, and then oscillating to obtain the novel hollow capsule.
Wherein, the chitosan and two high molecular weight polyelectrolytes (respectively with opposite positive and negative charges) are complexed by utilizing the electrostatic interaction between the chitosan and the two high molecular weight polyelectrolytes to form a complex membrane; because the diffusion rates of the two high molecular weight polyelectrolytes are different and the rate of combination with the chitosan is different, the two high molecular weight polyelectrolytes react with one of the two high molecular weight polyelectrolytes to form a complex membrane, and the two high molecular weight polyelectrolytes continuously diffuse to form a new complex membrane with the other high molecular weight polyelectrolytes. Under the driving action of osmotic pressure, the solution spontaneously and continuously repeats the complexing-diffusing-re-complexing process, and the capsules with different capsule wall layers of the sandwich special structure can be obtained.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the chitosan has a molecular weight of 2000 to 10000 Da.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step 1, the chitosan has a molecular weight of 2000-6000 Da.
When the number average molecular weight of the chitosan is less than 2000Da, the chitosan and the high molecular weight polyelectrolyte have complexation reaction, and the binding sites of the chitosan and the high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are few and are not entangled enough to support a film, especially a film with a certain curvature, and finally composite precipitate particles are formed. Meanwhile, if the number average molecular weight of the chitosan is more than 10000Da, the structure of a complexing layer formed by the electrostatic complexing reaction of the chitosan and the high molecular weight polyelectrolyte is compact, the chitosan cannot penetrate through the complexing layer, the diffusion process is prevented, and finally, a hollow structure cannot be formed.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the molecular weights of the first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and the second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are each independently 100000 to 800000 Da.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step 1, the molecular weights of the first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and the second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are each independently 300000 to 700000 Da.
In a still further preferred embodiment, in step 2, the molecular weight of the first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and the molecular weight of the second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are each independently 400000 to 600000 Da.
If the molecular weight of the high-molecular polyelectrolyte exceeds the range, the polyelectrolyte film formed by the complexation reaction of the high-molecular polyelectrolyte and the chitosan is too compact, which may cause that the chitosan cannot penetrate through the polyelectrolyte film, thereby hindering the further diffusion of the chitosan and not performing the complexation-diffusion-re-complexation process, and finally, only one layer of film with a compact structure can be obtained.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the chitosan solution has a concentration of 5 to 60% by mass of chitosan.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step 1, the chitosan solution has a concentration of 10 to 40% by mass of chitosan.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step 1, the chitosan solution has a concentration of 20 to 40% by mass, for example 30 to 40% by mass.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the mass percentage concentration of the first solution is 0.5 to 2%, for example, 1%; the mass percentage concentration of the second solution is 0.1-1%, for example 0.5%.
The chitosan is controlled to be at a higher concentration (5-60%) and the high molecular weight polyelectrolyte is controlled to be at a relatively low concentration, so that osmotic pressure is formed by the chitosan and the high molecular weight polyelectrolyte due to ion concentration difference, the chitosan is diffused to the high molecular weight polyelectrolyte under the osmotic pressure, and then the chitosan and the high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are combined by utilizing electrostatic action to form a film.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step 2, the first solution and the second solution are mixed in a volume ratio (0.5-2): 1, for example 1:1, to obtain a mixed solution.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step 3, the chitosan solution is added into the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1 (10-500).
In a further preferred embodiment, in the step 3, the chitosan solution is added into the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1 (10-200).
In a further preferred embodiment, in the step 3, the chitosan solution is added to the mixed solution in a volume ratio of 1 (30-100), for example, 1: 50.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the oscillation is performed for 1 to 24 hours.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step 3, the shaking is performed for 2 to 8 hours.
In a further preferred embodiment, in step 3, the shaking is performed for 4 to 6 hours.
Among them, the purpose of shaking is to promote the molecular diffusion better, prevent the capsule from adhering to the wall.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a novel hollow capsule, preferably obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the novel hollow capsule has a hollow structure with a diameter of 500 μm to 10 cm.
In a further preferred embodiment, the capsule wall of the novel hollow capsule has three layers of therapeutic structures, the structures of adjacent layers are different, and the structures of every other layer are the same.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the preparation method is simple, the capsule can be prepared at normal temperature and normal pressure, the preparation process is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, the process parameters are easy to control, and the production efficiency is high;
(2) the capsule with a multilayer sandwich structure can be prepared by the preparation method.
(3) The raw materials adopted by the invention are natural polysaccharides which are all nontoxic and harmless, and each layer of the obtained capsule is a closed sphere, so that the prepared capsule product is particularly suitable for being used as a medicine carrier;
(4) the capsule prepared by the preparation method has higher compressive strength and good adsorption performance, and is suitable for sewage treatment of chemical components such as oil-containing agents, organic solvents or organic dyes.
Examples
The invention is further described below by means of specific examples. However, these examples are only illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Respectively weighing chitosan with molecular weight of 2000Da, sodium alginate with molecular weight of 30 ten thousand Da and xanthan gum with molecular weight of 30 ten thousand Da for later use according to the mass ratio of 40:1: 0.5;
dissolving the chitosan in deionized water to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass percent concentration of 40%;
dissolving the sodium alginate in deionized water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1%;
adding the xanthan gum into deionized water for dissolving to prepare a xanthan gum solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.5%;
adding the sodium alginate solution into the xanthan gum solution according to the ratio of 1:1, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) dropwise immersing the chitosan solution into the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1:50 under shaking, and continuously shaking for 24h to obtain the capsule.
The obtained capsules were examined by electron microscopy, and the results are shown in fig. 1-2, which indicates that the obtained capsules were hollow, and the capsule walls were of a multi-layer sandwich structure, one layer was a compact structure, and the other layer was a loose structure.
Example 2
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the chitosan solution had a concentration of 20% by mass.
And (4) carrying out electron microscope detection on the obtained hollow capsule to obtain that the capsule wall of the capsule has a multilayer sandwich structure.
Example 3
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that: (1) the mass percentage concentration of the chitosan solution is 30 percent, (2) the mass percentage concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 2 percent, and (3) the mass percentage concentration of the xanthan gum solution is 1 percent.
And (4) carrying out electron microscope detection on the obtained hollow capsule to obtain that the capsule wall of the capsule has a multilayer sandwich structure.
Example 4
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that (1) a sodium alginate solution was added to a xanthan solution in a volume ratio of 2:1 to obtain a mixed solution; (2) adding the chitosan solution into the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1: 30.
And (4) carrying out electron microscope detection on the obtained hollow capsule to obtain that the capsule wall of the capsule has a multilayer sandwich structure.
Example 5
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that (1) the chitosan had a molecular weight of 6000Da, (2) the sodium alginate had a molecular weight of 70 ten thousand Da, and (3) the xanthan gum had a molecular weight of 60 ten thousand Da.
And (4) carrying out electron microscope detection on the obtained hollow capsule to obtain that the capsule wall of the capsule has a multilayer sandwich structure.
Example 6
Respectively weighing chitosan with molecular weight of 2000Da, sodium alginate with molecular weight of 30 ten thousand Da and carrageenan with molecular weight of 30 ten thousand Da according to the mass ratio of 40:1:1 for later use;
dissolving the chitosan in deionized water to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass percent concentration of 40%;
dissolving the sodium alginate in deionized water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1%;
dissolving the carrageenin in deionized water to prepare a xanthan gum solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1%;
adding the sodium alginate solution into the carrageenan solution according to the ratio of 1:1, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) dropwise immersing the chitosan solution into the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1:50 under shaking, and continuously shaking for 24h to obtain the capsule.
The obtained capsule is detected by an electron microscope, and the obtained capsule is of a hollow structure, the capsule wall is of a multi-layer sandwich structure, one layer is of a compact structure, and the other layer is of a loose structure.
Example 7
Respectively weighing chitosan with molecular weight of 2000Da, carrageenan with molecular weight of 30 ten thousand Da and xanthan gum with molecular weight of 30 ten thousand Da according to a mass ratio of 40:1:0.5 for later use;
dissolving the chitosan in deionized water to obtain a chitosan solution with the mass percent concentration of 40%;
dissolving the carrageenin in deionized water to prepare carrageenin solution with the mass percentage concentration of 1%;
adding the xanthan gum into deionized water for dissolving to prepare a xanthan gum solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.5%;
adding the carrageenan solution into the xanthan gum solution according to the ratio of 1:1, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) dropwise immersing the chitosan solution into the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 1:50 under shaking, and continuously shaking for 24h to obtain the capsule.
The obtained capsule is detected by an electron microscope, and the obtained capsule is of a hollow structure, the capsule wall is of a multi-layer sandwich structure, one layer is of a compact structure, and the other layer is of a loose structure.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that: the mass percentage concentration of the sodium alginate solution and the xanthan gum solution is very low, and is only 0.1%.
As a result, it was found that when the concentration of the mixed solution of sodium alginate and xanthan gum is very low, a precipitate is formed. Due to the insufficient binding sites between the chitosan and the mixed solution of sodium alginate and xanthan gum, only precipitates are formed, and the film is not supported, especially a film with a certain curvature is formed.
Comparative example 2
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that: the chitosan solution is directly added into the mixed solution to be stirred and mixed, but not dropwise added.
It was found that the hollow capsule could not be formed at all, but was in a state like "slimy" as a whole.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments and illustrative examples. It should be noted, however, that these specific embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Various modifications, equivalent substitutions and alterations can be made to the technical content and embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these are within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a novel hollow capsule, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively adding chitosan, a first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and a second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte into water to respectively obtain a chitosan solution, a first solution and a second solution;
step 2, mixing the first solution and the second solution to obtain a mixed solution;
step 3, dropwise adding the chitosan solution obtained in the step 1 into the mixed solution obtained in the step 2, and then oscillating to obtain the novel hollow capsule;
the molecular weight of the chitosan is 2000-10000 Da, the molecular weights of the first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and the second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are 100000-800000 Da respectively and independently, the first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and the second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are different and have negative charges, the mass percentage concentration of the chitosan solution is 20-60%, the mass percentage concentration of the first solution is 0.5-2%, and the mass percentage concentration of the second solution is 0.1-1%.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein, in step 1,
the molecular weight of the chitosan is 2000-6000 Da.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the molecular weights of the first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and the second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are each independently 300000 to 700000 Da.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the first high molecular weight polyelectrolyte and the second high molecular weight polyelectrolyte are different and are each independently selected from sodium alginate, xanthan gum, or carrageenan.
5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein, in step 1,
the mass percentage concentration of the chitosan solution is 20-40%; and/or
The mass percentage concentration of the first solution is 1%; and/or
The mass percentage concentration of the second solution is 0.5%.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the ratio by volume (0.5-2): 1 mixing the first solution and the second solution to obtain a mixed solution.
7. The production method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, in step 3,
according to the volume ratio of 1: (10-500) adding the chitosan solution into the mixed solution; and/or
And carrying out oscillation treatment for 1-24 h.
8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein, in step 3,
according to the volume ratio of 1: (10-200) adding the chitosan solution into the mixed solution; and/or
And carrying out oscillation treatment for 2-8 h.
9. A novel hollow capsule obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the diameter of the hollow capsule is 500 um-10 cm, the capsule wall of the hollow capsule is of a multilayer sandwich structure, the structures of adjacent layers are different, and the structures of every two layers are the same.
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