CN109221177A - 一种复合植物免疫诱抗剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种复合植物免疫诱抗剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
- A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合植物免疫诱抗剂及其制备方法，其原料组分及各组分的重量份分别为：褐藻寡糖10～15份、烯丙苯噻唑18～22份、香菇多糖8～14份、复合氨基酸8～19份、复合硫酸盐5～8份、乳化剂1～3份。将个原料处理混合后采用双效降膜蒸发器进行浓缩，将浓缩后的混合物料进行喷雾干燥制得。本发明提供的复合植物免疫诱抗剂组分合理，组分之间协同增效，不但对小麦纹枯病有很好的防治效果，提高小麦产量，还能改善小麦的品质，同时施用后对人畜无害，不污染环境，有良好的经济效益和生态效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及了一种复合植物免疫诱抗剂及其制备方法，属于农药技术领域。
技术背景
小麦纹枯病又称小麦尖眼点病，上世纪70年代初在中国就有发病。近年来，由于气候变暖、化肥特别是氮肥施用量的提高，以及小麦播期提前、播种量加大等原因，小麦纹枯病的发生呈现逐年加重的趋势，严重威胁着小麦的高产稳产。小麦纹枯病由禾谷丝核菌(CAG-1、CAG-3、CAG-6和AGC1等4个菌丝融合群)和立枯丝核菌(AG4和AG5融合群)引起，小麦产量损失与纹枯病病情严重度级别之间存在着显著的线性相关，严重度每提高一级，产量损失增加约10％～20％左右。始病愈早，发病愈重，相应的产量损失愈大。孕穗期以前发病，产量损失25％～40％，始穗后发病，产量损失一般小于20％。研究表明，小麦纹枯病不但影响小麦的产量，而且还影响稻米品质。
对于该病的防控，一直采用如井冈霉素等单一的化学药剂进行防治，但井冈霉素已产生明显的抗药性，每季用药次数已从20年前2次增加到现在的3～5次，用药量也从1.5kg/hm2增加到4.5～6.0kg/hm2。化学药剂防治既污染环境，又存在成本高、农药残留和产生抗药性等问题，同时防治效果还受雨量、湿度等天气因素影响。
植物免疫诱抗剂又称植物疫苗，是一类新型生物农药，植物免疫诱抗剂通过激活植物的免疫系统并调节植物的新陈代谢，改善植物的养分状况，增强抵抗病原菌能力和抗逆能力，从而达到防病抗病的目的。褐藻寡糖是一类具有高度生理活性植物植物免疫诱抗剂，可作为信号分子参与植物生长发育的调控活动，也可以激活植物幼苗体内的激素表达，调节植物体内淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的活力，加快胚乳淀粉水解过程，促进种子萌发及根、芽的生长；同时，褐藻寡糖也可以诱导植物产生抗性物质来缓解逆境对植物造成损伤。褐藻寡糖来源广泛，且具有对生物无毒害、高效、低残留等优点，因此被广泛应用于绿色农业、养殖业、食品和医药等行业。
烯丙苯噻唑为苯并异噻唑类植物抗病激活剂，又名烯丙异噻唑，烯丙苯噻唑本身没有直接的杀菌活性，但能激发植物的潜能，其性能与先正达的活化酯类似，亦称抗病激活剂(或抗病免疫激活剂)。苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)是小麦植物体内的主要防御酶，受烯丙苯噻唑诱导的影响，这3种防御酶的活性提高，从而促进受病原菌侵染组织的木质化作用，阻止病原菌的进一步穿透和侵染，这种木质化反应是植物抵抗病原菌入侵最有效的手段，从而使植物表现抗病性。它对病原菌没有直接的作用活性，因此不产生选择压力，病菌不易对其产生抗性；对非病原菌不发生直接或间接的影响，有利于保护有益微生物种群。因此，烯丙苯噻唑安全，对人畜、环境及非靶标友好，有望成为小麦病害防治的一种重要工具，是发展绿色农业和生产无公害及绿色食品的理想选择之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种防治小麦纹枯病的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，本发明的另一目的是提供上述复合植物免疫诱抗剂的植被方法，该制剂不仅对小麦纹枯病有很好的防治效果，提高小麦产量，还能改善小麦的品质，同时对环境危害小。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种复合植物免疫诱抗剂，其特征在于：其原料组分及各组分的重量份分别为：褐藻寡糖10～15份、烯丙苯噻唑18～22份、香菇多糖8～14份、复合氨基酸8～19份、复合硫酸盐5～8份、乳化剂1～3份。
优选所述的复合氨基酸包括以下重量份的原料：聚天冬氨酸3～6份、β-氨基丁酸2～4份、精氨酸1～3份、缬氨酸1～3份、半胱氨酸1～3份。
优选所述的复合硫酸盐为包括以下重量份的原料：硫酸铁1～2份、硫酸镁2～3份、硫酸锌2～3份。
优选所述的乳化剂为：间苯二胺、双乙酰酒石酸单甘油酯、丁酸香叶酯、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸酯、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯、十二烷基苯磺酸钙与脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚或聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了制备上述的复合植物免疫诱抗剂的方法，其具体步骤如下：
(1)按照比例准确称取褐藻寡糖、烯丙苯噻唑和香菇多糖，搅拌均匀得到混合物，将混合物充分研磨，过40～70目筛，得到组分A；
(2)按照上述比例称取复合氨基酸溶于水中，得到组分B；
(3)按照比例准确称取复合硫酸盐，将其投入到熔炉加热熔化，再加入温度为48～52℃的去离子水搅拌15～20min进行螯合，自然冷却室温，得到组分C；
(4)将上述得到的组分A、B和C混合均匀，加入乳化剂，置于高压均质机内，加热至55～65℃，压力条件为18～22MPa；
(5)将(4)中的混合物料升温至60～70℃，采用双效降膜蒸发器进行浓缩，将浓缩后的混合物料进行喷雾干燥。
优选步骤(3)中熔炉加热熔化的温度为120～145℃，时间为220～240s。
优选步骤(5)中第一效真空度为25～30kPa，蒸发温度为65～75℃；第二效真空度为55～60kPa,，蒸发温度为35～45℃。
该复合植物免疫诱抗剂的施用方法为：从分蘖期到孕穗期每15天用喷施管道喷施一次浓度为104～110mg/L的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，喷施量为18～22kg/亩，孕穗期之后每20天用喷施管道喷施一次浓度为68～70mg/L的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，喷施量为14～16kg/亩。
有益效果：
本制剂所用的所有材料都是低毒或无毒成分，对环境友好，对作物没有残留超标的危险；本发明以褐藻寡糖、烯丙苯噻唑和香菇多糖为抑菌活性成分，辅以多种氨基酸和硫酸盐，能有效激发或激活小麦自身的免疫防御功能，增强小麦对立枯丝核菌的自身抵御能力。该复合植物免疫诱抗剂对小麦纹枯病的抗性高达95％以上，该产品推广应用前景广阔，具有良好的经济和生态效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详尽的说明，但实施案例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。
实施例1：
复合植物免疫诱抗剂包含以下重量份的原料：褐藻寡糖10份、烯丙苯噻唑20份、香菇多糖12份、复合氨基酸14份、复合硫酸盐6份、乳化剂2份。
其中复合氨基酸包括以下重量分的原料：聚天冬氨酸6份、β-氨基丁酸3份、精氨酸1.5份、缬氨酸1.5份、半胱氨酸2份。
其中复合硫酸盐为包括以下重量分的原料：硫酸铁1份、硫酸镁3份、硫酸锌2份。
乳化剂为：蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚和聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯，其比例各一半。
复合植物免疫诱抗剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按照上述比例准确称取褐藻寡糖、烯丙苯噻唑和香菇多糖，搅拌均匀得到混合物，将混合物充分研磨，过40目筛，得到组分A。
(2)严格按照上述比例称取聚天冬氨酸、β-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸和半胱氨酸，溶于水中，得到组分B。
(3)按照比例准确称取硫酸铁、硫酸镁、硫酸锌，将该混合物投入到125℃的熔炉加热熔化220s，再加入温度为50℃的去离子水搅拌15min进行螯合，自然冷却室温，得到组分C。
(4)将上述得到的组分A、B和C混合均匀，加入乳化剂，置于高压均质机内，加热至57℃，压力条件为18MPa。
(5)将(4)中的混合物料升温至65℃，采用双效降膜蒸发器进行浓缩，第一效真空度为25kPa，蒸发温度为72℃；第二效真空度为55kPa,，蒸发温度为35℃，将浓缩后的混合物料进行喷雾干燥。
施用方法为：从分蘖期到孕穗期每15天用喷施管道喷施一次浓度为105mg/L的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，喷施量为22kg/亩，孕穗期之后每20天用喷施管道喷施一次浓度为68mg/L的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，喷施量为14kg/亩。
实施例2：
复合植物免疫诱抗剂包含以下重量份的原料：褐藻寡糖13份、烯丙苯噻唑22份、香菇多糖8份、复合氨基酸9份、复合硫酸盐8份、乳化剂2.5份。
其中复合氨基酸包括以下重量分的原料：聚天冬氨酸3份、β-氨基丁酸2份、精氨酸2份、缬氨酸1份、半胱氨酸1份。
其中复合硫酸盐为包括以下重量分的原料：硫酸铁2份、硫酸镁3份、硫酸锌3份。
乳化剂采用丁酸香叶酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、双乙酰酒石酸单甘油酯，其比例各占1/3。
复合植物免疫诱抗剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按照上述比例准确称取褐藻寡糖、烯丙苯噻唑和香菇多糖，搅拌均匀得到混合物，将混合物充分研磨，过55目筛，得到组分A。
(2)严格按照上述比例称取聚天冬氨酸、β-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸和半胱氨酸，溶于水中，得到组分B。
(3)按照比例准确称取硫酸铁、硫酸镁、硫酸锌，将该混合物投入到145℃的熔炉加热熔化230s，再加入温度为48℃的去离子水搅拌20min进行螯合，自然冷却室温，得到组分C。
(4)将上述得到的组分A、B和C混合均匀，加入乳化剂，置于高压均质机内，加热至63℃，压力条件为22MPa。
(5)将(4)中的混合物料升温至70℃，采用双效降膜蒸发器进行浓缩，第一效真空度为30kPa,，蒸发温度为65℃；第二效真空度为58kPa,，蒸发温度为37℃，将浓缩后的混合物料进行喷雾干燥。
施用方法为：从分蘖期到孕穗期每15天用喷施管道喷施一次浓度为110mg/L的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，喷施量为21kg/亩，孕穗期之后每20天用喷施管道喷施一次浓度为69mg/L的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，喷施量为16kg/亩。
实施例3：
复合植物免疫诱抗剂包含以下重量份的原料：褐藻寡糖10份、烯丙苯噻唑20份、香菇多糖12份、复合氨基酸18份、复合硫酸盐5份、乳化剂3份。
其中复合氨基酸包括以下重量分的原料：聚天冬氨酸6份、β-氨基丁酸3份、精氨酸3份、缬氨酸3份、半胱氨酸3份。
其中复合硫酸盐为包括以下重量分的原料：硫酸铁1份、硫酸镁2份、硫酸锌2份。
乳化剂为：十二烷基苯磺酸钙与脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚。
复合植物免疫诱抗剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按照上述比例准确称取褐藻寡糖、烯丙苯噻唑和香菇多糖，搅拌均匀得到混合物，将混合物充分研磨，过50目筛，得到组分A。
(2)严格按照上述比例称取聚天冬氨酸、β-氨基丁酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸和半胱氨酸，溶于水中，得到组分B。
(3)按照比例准确称取硫酸铁、硫酸镁、硫酸锌，将该混合物投入到130℃的熔炉加热熔化240s，再加入温度为52℃的去离子水搅拌18min进行螯合，自然冷却室温，得到组分C。
(4)将上述得到的组分A、B和C混合均匀，加入乳化剂，置于高压均质机内，加热至55℃，压力条件为20MPa。
(5)将(4)中的混合物料升温至62℃，采用双效降膜蒸发器进行浓缩，第一效真空度为28kPa,，蒸发温度为75℃；第二效真空度为60kPa,，蒸发温度为40℃，将浓缩后的混合物料进行喷雾干燥。
施用方法为：从分蘖期到孕穗期每15天用喷施管道喷施一次浓度为108mg/L的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，喷施量为20kg/亩，孕穗期之后每20天用喷施管道喷施一次浓度为70mg/L的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，喷施量为15kg/亩。
对比例:
井冈霉素对小麦纹枯病的防治方法。
实施例和对比例防治方法各项指标的测定：
在同一地区，分别按照实施例和对比例的防治方法对相同品种的小麦进行预防处理，分别在实施例和对比例的田里种植等量的纹枯病小麦植株，统计纹枯病的发病率并检测其防治效果，实施例和对比例防治方法各项指标测定结果见表1.
表1:实施例和对比例防治方法各项指标的测定
| 项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例 |
| 纹枯病率/(％) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 17 |
| 农药残留 | 未检出 | 未检出 | 未检出 | 检出 |
| 株高(cm) | 105 | 106 | 106 | 95 |
| 结实率/(％) | 94.8 | 95.2 | 95.0 | 89.5 |
| 蛋白质/(％) | 14.75 | 14.56 | 14.33 | 13.52 |
| 油分/(％) | 2.68 | 2.83 | 2.70 | 1.91 |
| 淀粉/(％) | 68.5 | 66.7 | 67.3 | 64.8 |
| 容重/(g·L<sup>-1</sup>) | 793 | 789 | 783 | 769 |
| 节约成本/(％) | 12.3 | 12.7 | 12.5 | — |
表1的结果表明，实施例小麦纹枯病的防治方法效果比使用传统的井冈霉素防治效果好，纹枯病率明显相对比例低，无农药残留，小麦的株高和小麦品质即结实率、蛋白质含量、油分含量和淀粉含量及容重均与对比例相比有明显的优势，较实施例更节约成本，说明本发明提供的小麦纹枯病的防治方法是有显著防治效果的。
Claims (7)
1.一种复合植物免疫诱抗剂，其特征在于：其原料组分及各组分的重量份分别为：褐藻寡糖10～15份、烯丙苯噻唑18～22份、香菇多糖8～14份、复合氨基酸8～19份、复合硫酸盐5～8份、乳化剂1～3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，其特征是：所述的复合氨基酸包括以下重量份的原料：聚天冬氨酸3～6份、β-氨基丁酸2～4份、精氨酸1～3份、缬氨酸1～3份、半胱氨酸1～3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，其特征是：所述的复合硫酸盐为包括以下重量份的原料：硫酸铁1～2份、硫酸镁2～3份、硫酸锌2～3份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合植物免疫诱抗剂，其特征是：所述的乳化剂为：间苯二胺、双乙酰酒石酸单甘油酯、丁酸香叶酯、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸酯、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯、十二烷基苯磺酸钙与脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚或聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚中的一种或多种。
5.一种制备如权利要求1所述的复合植物免疫诱抗剂的方法，其具体步骤如下：
(1)按照比例准确称取褐藻寡糖、烯丙苯噻唑和香菇多糖，搅拌均匀得到混合物，将混合物充分研磨，过40～70目筛，得到组分A；
(2)按照上述比例称取复合氨基酸溶于水中，得到组分B；
(3)按照比例准确称取复合硫酸盐，将其投入到熔炉加热熔化，再加入温度为48～52℃的去离子水搅拌15～20min进行螯合，自然冷却，得到组分C；
(4)将上述得到的组分A、B和C混合均匀，加入乳化剂，置于高压均质机内，加热至55～65℃，压力条件为18～22MPa；
(5)将(4)中的混合物料升温至60～70℃，采用双效降膜蒸发器进行浓缩，将浓缩后的混合物料进行喷雾干燥。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于步骤(3)中熔炉加热熔化的温度为120～145℃，时间为220～240s。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于步骤(5)中第一效真空度为25～30kPa，蒸发温度为65～75℃；第二效真空度为55～60kPa,，蒸发温度为35～45℃。
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