CN109210366B - Inside wall structure of vertical low-temperature container and vertical low-temperature container - Google Patents
Inside wall structure of vertical low-temperature container and vertical low-temperature container Download PDFInfo
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- CN109210366B CN109210366B CN201811333444.1A CN201811333444A CN109210366B CN 109210366 B CN109210366 B CN 109210366B CN 201811333444 A CN201811333444 A CN 201811333444A CN 109210366 B CN109210366 B CN 109210366B
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0629—Two walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/013—Single phase liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an inner side wall structure of a vertical low-temperature container and the vertical low-temperature container, wherein the inner side wall structure of the vertical low-temperature container comprises: a metal bellows expansion joint; the first end of the metal bellows expansion joint is fixedly connected with the room temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container; the second end of the metal bellows expansion joint is fixedly connected with the low-temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container. According to the invention, the thickness of the neck pipe side wall of the vertical low-temperature container is reduced through the metal bellows expansion joint, and meanwhile, the conduction path is increased, so that the heat leakage along the neck pipe side wall is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature containers, in particular to an inner side wall structure of a vertical low-temperature container and the vertical low-temperature container.
Background
The low-temperature container is a device for containing low-temperature media (such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid helium and the like), and French scientist Du Wayu 1892 proposes a container with a double-wall structure for the first time, so that a good heat preservation effect is realized. The cryogenic containers of the present state of the art basically use this double wall construction and are therefore also commonly referred to as "dewar". The heat leakage is one of the most important technical indexes of the low-temperature container in design, and aims to reduce volatilization of the low-temperature medium in the low-temperature container due to heat absorption as much as possible.
The heat leakage of the low-temperature container mainly consists of a cylinder (a multi-layer heat insulator comprising a cylinder body and a sealing head), a neck pipe and a support piece and a heat transfer part of a pipeline (Wang Guiren and the like). The proportion of each part of heat transfer and the influence of the heat transfer on the low-temperature liquid storage and transportation are different, even the heat transfer and the heat transfer can be greatly different according to the size of the low-temperature container, the type of the adopted heat insulation, the type of the structure and the supporting mode. Among them, there are mainly 3 heat transfer paths through the neck tube into the cryogenic liquid: 1. the heat conduction of the pipe wall caused by the temperature difference at two ends is realized through the heat exchange between the heat insulation layer outside the pipe and the surrounding medium and the heat exchange between the inner surface of the pipe and the escaping steam; 2. axial heat conduction and free convection heat exchange of the escaping gas; 3. room temperature radiation of the neck orifice.
How to reduce the heat leakage along the side wall of the neck tube is a technical problem to be solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an inner side wall structure of a vertical low-temperature container and the vertical low-temperature container, which solve the technical problem of how to reduce heat leakage along the side wall of a neck pipe.
The invention provides an inner side wall structure of a vertical low-temperature container, which comprises:
A metal bellows expansion joint;
the first end of the metal bellows expansion joint is fixedly connected with the room temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
The second end of the metal bellows expansion joint is fixedly connected with the low-temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container.
Optionally, the method further comprises: a pull rod, a first end plate and a second end plate;
the first end plate is fixedly connected with the room temperature side of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
The second end plate is fixedly connected with the low-temperature side of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
the first end plate and the second end plate are arranged in an interlayer between the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
the first end plate and the second end plate are correspondingly provided with through holes;
the pull rod is fixed with the first end plate and the second end plate respectively through the through holes.
Optionally, the metal bellows expansion joint comprises a first straight pipe, at least one bellows and a second straight pipe;
the first end of the first straight pipe is fixedly connected with the room temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
the second end of the first straight pipe is fixedly connected with the first end of the corrugated pipe;
the second end of the corrugated pipe is fixedly connected with the first end of the second straight pipe;
The second end of the second straight pipe is fixedly connected with the low-temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container.
Optionally, the pull rod is parallel to the axial direction of the inner side wall of the vertical type low-temperature container.
Optionally, the connection portion of the first end plate and the second end plate matches the shape of the inner sidewall of the vertical cryogenic container.
Optionally, both ends of the pull rod are provided with threads.
The invention provides a vertical low-temperature container, which adopts the structure of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container.
From the above technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
The invention provides an inner side wall structure of a vertical low-temperature container, which comprises: a metal bellows expansion joint; the first end of the metal bellows expansion joint is fixedly connected with the room temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container; the second end of the metal bellows expansion joint is fixedly connected with the low-temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container. According to the invention, the thickness of the neck pipe side wall of the vertical low-temperature container is reduced through the metal bellows expansion joint, and meanwhile, the conduction path is increased, so that the heat leakage along the neck pipe side wall is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the inner side wall of a vertical cryogenic vessel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a vertical cryogenic vessel according to the present invention;
Wherein, the reference numerals are as follows:
1. The inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container; 1A, the room temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container; 1B, a low-temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container; 2. a metal bellows expansion joint; 2A, a first straight pipe; 2B, a corrugated pipe; 2C, a second straight pipe; 3. a pull rod; 3A, a first end of the pull rod; 3B, a pull rod body; 3C, the second end of the pull rod; 4. an end plate; 4A, a first end plate; 4B, a second end plate.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides an inner side wall structure of a vertical low-temperature container and the vertical low-temperature container, which solve the technical problem of how to reduce heat leakage along the side wall of a neck pipe.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an embodiment of an inner sidewall structure of a vertical cryogenic container, comprising:
A metal bellows expansion joint 2;
the first end 2A of the metal bellows expansion joint 2 is fixedly connected with the room temperature end of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low-temperature container;
the second end 2B of the metal bellows expansion joint 2 is fixedly connected with the low-temperature end of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low-temperature container;
It should be noted that the expansion joint of the metal corrugated pipe is a structure which is widely applied to industrial sites, and the use and the manufacture of the expansion joint of the metal corrugated pipe are correspondingly regulated by the general technical condition of the expansion joint of the metal corrugated pipe of GB/T12777. The metal bellows expansion joint 2 is used for absorbing the dimensional changes of the pipeline and/or equipment caused by expansion with heat, contraction with cold and the like. The inner side wall structure of the vertical low-temperature container mainly aims at the low-temperature container of liquid nitrogen and metal with the temperature below (-196 ℃) and needs to adopt a metal bellows expansion joint 2 made of low-temperature resistant materials (such as 304, 316L and other brands of stainless steel). The metal bellows expansion joint 2 is fixed on the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low-temperature container in a welding mode, and vacuum sealing conditions need to be detected after welding is finished, and the requirement is a standard process flow of vacuum container manufacturing.
In one embodiment, the vertical cryogenic container is made of 304 stainless steel material, the inner diameter D 0 of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical cryogenic container is=600 mm, the wall thickness is h=6 mm, and the length of the heat transfer part of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical cryogenic container is l=100 mm. Correspondingly, the inner diameter of the selected metal bellows expansion joint 2 is D 0 =600 mm, the total length is l=100 mm, and the thickness of the metal bellows expansion joint 2 after pressure check is 1.0mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the neck pipe side wall of the vertical low-temperature container is reduced through the metal bellows expansion joint 2, and meanwhile, the conduction path is increased, so that the heat leakage along the neck pipe side wall is reduced.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the method further includes: a tie rod 3, a first end plate 4A and a second end plate 4B;
the first end plate 4A is fixedly connected with the room temperature side of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low-temperature container;
the second end plate 4B is fixedly connected with the low-temperature side of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low-temperature container;
the first end plate 4A and the second end plate 4B are arranged in an interlayer between the inner side wall 1 and the outer side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
The first end plate 4A and the second end plate 4B are correspondingly provided with through holes;
The pull rod 3 is respectively fixed with the first end plate 4A and the second end plate 4B through the through holes;
The tie rod 3 is used for bearing the weight of the liner of the vertical type low-temperature container. The inner side wall of the straight tube type neck tube of the conventional vertical low-temperature container is thicker and has higher strength, and can directly bear the weight of the side wall of the liner of the low-temperature container, the internal low-temperature medium and the like. However, in the inner side wall structure of the vertical low-temperature container according to the embodiment of the invention, the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low-temperature container is a thin-wall metal bellows expansion joint 2, so that the tensile strength is low, and the weight of the liner of the vertical low-temperature container cannot be independently borne, so that a pull rod 3 for bearing force is required to be added on the outer side of the liner.
The first end 3A and the second end 3C of the pull rod 3 are respectively fixed at the room temperature end 1A and the low temperature end 1B of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low temperature container through the end plate 4, and are generally fixed by threads for convenient installation, and the first end 3A and the second end 3C of the pull rod 3 are connected through the pull rod body 3B.
Assuming that the total length of the selected metal bellows expansion joint 2 is l, the length of the pull rod 3 needs to be larger than the length, the specific length is determined according to the spacing between the welding end plates 4 and the size of the fixing nut, and the total length is generally not smaller than l+50mm, otherwise, the installation is difficult; the number N and the diameter d of the pull rods 3 need to be checked and determined according to the bearing condition of the pull rods, and the pulling force check is a basic operation flow in mechanical design. Standard threads are machined at both ends of the pull rod 3 to facilitate fixing both ends of the pull rod 3 to the end plates 4.
To reduce the leakage of heat along the tie rod 3, the tie rod 3 may be made of glass reinforced plastic (e.g., G10 glass fiber reinforced epoxy rod, etc.), titanium alloy, or the like, which has a low thermal conductivity.
The end plate 4 is used for fixing the pull rod 3 on the inner side wall 1 of the vertical type low-temperature container, is generally made of stainless steel materials, and is respectively fixed on the room temperature end 1A and the low temperature end 1B of the inner side wall of the vertical type low-temperature container in pairs through a welding mode.
The number of the end plates 4 is 2N and is matched with that of the pull rods 3.
In one embodiment, the pull rod 3 is made of G10 glass fiber reinforced plastic, the total length is 150mm, the diameter is 16mm after tension checking, and the number N is 4. The first end 3A and the second end 3C of the tie rod 3 are respectively threaded with M16, the thread lengths being 40mm respectively. The end plate 4 is made of 304 stainless steel, the diameter of the through holes is phi 17mm, and the number of the through holes is 8. After tensile checking, the thickness of the end plate 4 is 8mm, and the width is 30mm.
Further, the metal bellows expansion joint 2 includes a first straight pipe 2A, at least one bellows 2B, and a second straight pipe 2C;
the first end of the first straight pipe 2A is fixedly connected with the room temperature end of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low-temperature container;
the second end of the first straight pipe 2A is fixedly connected with the first end of the corrugated pipe 2B;
The second end of the corrugated pipe 2B is fixedly connected with the first end of the second straight pipe 2C;
the second end of the second straight pipe 2C is fixedly connected with the low-temperature end of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low-temperature container;
The metal bellows expansion joint 2 is generally composed of a first straight pipe 2A, a second straight pipe 2C, and a middle bellows 2B on both sides so that both straight end pipes can be connected to other devices. During welding, the first straight pipe 2A of the metal corrugated pipe expansion joint 2 is welded at the room temperature end 1A of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container, and the second straight pipe 2C is welded at the low temperature end 1B of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container.
Further, the tie rod 3 is parallel to the axial direction of the inner sidewall 1 of the vertical type cryogenic container.
It should be noted that, when the end plate 4 is welded, it should be kept perpendicular to the axis of the inner sidewall 1 of the vertical type low temperature container, and the first end plate 4A and the second end plate 4B are welded in pairs at the room temperature end 1A and the low temperature end 1B of the inner sidewall of the vertical type low temperature container respectively, and the through holes of the first end plate 4A and the second end plate 4B should keep the axis parallel direction of the inner sidewall 1 of the vertical type low temperature container to be opposite, so that the tie rod 3 can be installed along the axis parallel direction of the inner sidewall 1 along which the vertical type low temperature container is installed.
Further, the connecting portion of the first end plate 4A and the second end plate 4B matches the shape of the inner side wall 1 of the vertical type cryogenic container;
It should be noted that, the end plate 4 is processed into a shape capable of being matched with the inner side wall 1 of the vertical low-temperature container, the outer side can be rectangular or any other shape, a through hole for the pull rod 3 to penetrate and fix is formed in the middle, and the diameter of the through hole is generally d+1.0mm; the cross-sectional dimension of the end plate 4 needs to be checked and determined according to the bearing condition, and the calculation method is a basic operation flow in mechanical design.
Further, both ends of the tie rod 3 are threaded.
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention provides an embodiment of a vertical cryogenic container, wherein the vertical cryogenic container adopts the inner sidewall structure of the vertical cryogenic container as described above.
In one application example, liquid nitrogen (77K) is contained in the vertical low-temperature container, the low-temperature end 1B temperature T l =77K of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container is calculated approximately, the room-temperature end 1A temperature T h =300K of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container, the average thermal conductivity of the 304 stainless steel material between 77K and 300K is λ=12.3W/(m·k), and the average thermal conductivity of the G10 material between 77K and 300K is λ=0.21W/(m·k). As can be seen from the calculation of the formula, for a conventional cryogenic vessel, the structural leak is 310W. According to the inner side wall structure of the vertical low-temperature container, according to the formula, the heat leakage along the metal bellows expansion joint 2 is 26.6W, the heat leakage along the 4G 10 pull rods 3 is 0.4W, namely the total heat leakage is only 27W, which is far lower than that of the conventional low-temperature container.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An inside wall structure of a vertical cryogenic container, comprising:
The expansion joint comprises a metal corrugated pipe expansion joint, a pull rod, a first end plate and a second end plate;
the first end of the metal bellows expansion joint is fixedly connected with the room temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
The second end of the metal bellows expansion joint is fixedly connected with the low-temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
the first end plate is fixedly connected with the room temperature side of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
The second end plate is fixedly connected with the low-temperature side of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
the first end plate and the second end plate are arranged in an interlayer between the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
the first end plate and the second end plate are correspondingly provided with through holes;
the pull rod is fixed with the first end plate and the second end plate respectively through the through holes.
2. The structure of the inner side wall of the vertical cryogenic container according to claim 1, wherein the metal bellows expansion joint comprises a first straight pipe, at least one bellows, and a second straight pipe;
the first end of the first straight pipe is fixedly connected with the room temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container;
the second end of the first straight pipe is fixedly connected with the first end of the corrugated pipe;
the second end of the corrugated pipe is fixedly connected with the first end of the second straight pipe;
The second end of the second straight pipe is fixedly connected with the low-temperature end of the inner side wall of the vertical low-temperature container.
3. The structure of the inner side wall of the vertical type cryogenic container according to claim 1, wherein the tie rod is parallel to the inner side wall axis direction of the vertical type cryogenic container.
4. The structure of the inner side wall of the vertical type cryogenic container according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portion of the first end plate and the second end plate matches the shape of the inner side wall of the vertical type cryogenic container.
5. The structure of the inner side wall of the vertical type cryogenic container according to claim 1, wherein both ends of the tie rod are threaded.
6. A vertical cryogenic container, characterized in that the vertical cryogenic container adopts the inner sidewall structure of the vertical cryogenic container according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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CN201811333444.1A CN109210366B (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2018-11-09 | Inside wall structure of vertical low-temperature container and vertical low-temperature container |
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CN109210366A (en) | 2019-01-15 |
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