CN109216907B - Double-fed antenna and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Double-fed antenna and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109216907B CN109216907B CN201811031359.XA CN201811031359A CN109216907B CN 109216907 B CN109216907 B CN 109216907B CN 201811031359 A CN201811031359 A CN 201811031359A CN 109216907 B CN109216907 B CN 109216907B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-fed antenna and electronic equipment, which meet the requirement of isolation degree through the structure of the antenna. This double-fed antenna includes: the antenna comprises an antenna body, a first feeder line, a second feeder line and a bottom plate; the antenna body is fixed on the bottom plate, the first feeder line and the second feeder line penetrate through the bottom plate and are fixed on the antenna body, the first feeder line, the antenna body and the bottom plate form a first antenna, and the second feeder line, the antenna body and the bottom plate form a second antenna; wherein the first antenna is located at a singularity position of the radiation of the second antenna and the second antenna is located at a singularity position of the radiation of the first antenna, such that the first antenna and the second antenna meet an isolation requirement, wherein the energy radiated by the antennas at the singularity position is minimal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a double-fed antenna and electronic equipment.
Background
Currently, wireless communication devices are required to have antenna systems for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. However, there is a mutual coupling problem between multiple antennas, and therefore, in order to achieve coexistence of multiple antennas, it is necessary to satisfy a certain isolation requirement between the antennas. For example, in a WIreless Fidelity (WIFI) communication system, in order to achieve Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) performance and avoid interference between antennas, the isolation between any two antennas in the same frequency generally reaches 20dB or more.
In the existing multi-antenna system, in order to integrate more antennas in a small-sized communication device, the difficulty of meeting the requirement of isolation is often increased due to the distance between the antennas, and at present, two methods are mainly used for meeting the requirement of isolation in the multi-antenna system. The first method is to use multi-frequency antennas, that is, more antennas are combined into one antenna for use, and the number of antennas can be reduced by using multi-frequency antennas, and accordingly, after the number of antennas is reduced, the distance between the antennas can be increased, and the isolation can be improved, but this method can only be applied to multi-frequency and multi-channel systems; the other way is to add a decoupling network between two antennas, and the decoupling network of the common antenna is to increase some equivalent inductance-capacitance (LC) circuits to realize the isolation between the antennas by polarization isolation after two single antennas are designed, but this way needs to add an additional structure in the antenna, so that the structure of the antenna system is increasingly complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a double-fed antenna and electronic equipment, which meet the requirement of isolation degree through the structure of the antenna.
In a first aspect, a dual feed antenna is provided, including:
the antenna comprises an antenna body, a first feeder line, a second feeder line and a bottom plate;
the antenna body is fixed on the bottom plate, the first feeder line and the second feeder line penetrate through the bottom plate and are fixed on the antenna body, the first feeder line, the antenna body and the bottom plate form a first antenna, and the second feeder line, the antenna body and the bottom plate form a second antenna;
wherein the first antenna is located at a singularity position of the radiation of the second antenna and the second antenna is located at a singularity position of the radiation of the first antenna, such that the first antenna and the second antenna meet an isolation requirement, wherein the energy radiated by the antennas at the singularity position is minimal.
In the embodiment of the invention, the double-fed antenna can form two single antennas, namely the first antenna and the second antenna, through the self structure, and the two single antennas are mutually positioned at the singular point position of the other antenna.
Optionally, the antenna body includes an antenna plate and a radiation patch;
the antenna plate is a thin plate, the thickness of the thin plate is not more than a preset threshold value, and the radiation patch is arranged on the surface with the largest area in the antenna plate;
the central vertical plane along the thickness direction of the antenna plate is perpendicular to the surface with the largest area in the bottom plate, the central line of the thickness direction of the bottom plate is positioned in the central vertical plane, and the double-fed antenna is completely symmetrical based on the central vertical plane.
Optionally, the radiation patch is of a bifurcate structure.
Optionally, the bottom plate includes a dielectric bottom plate and a reference ground, the dielectric bottom plate and the reference ground are in a circular structure and are concentrically arranged, and the reference ground is connected to one end of the radiation patch;
wherein the diameter of the reference ground is determined based on the relative positions of the first and second antennas.
Optionally, the reference ground and the radiation patch are made of metal materials.
Optionally, the antenna board and the dielectric substrate are made of FR4 material.
Optionally, the first feeder line and the second feeder line adopt a microstrip feeding mode or a coaxial feeding mode.
Optionally, the dual-feed antenna further includes a phase shifter and a power divider;
when the double-fed antenna is used as a single antenna, one end of the power divider is connected with one of the first feeder line and the second feeder line, and the other end of the power divider is connected with the phase shifter, and is used for dividing a signal input to the antenna into two paths of signals which are respectively input into the one feeder line and the phase shifter, or is used for synthesizing and outputting the signals of the one feeder line and the phase shifter;
the phase shifter is connected with the other feeder except the one feeder in the first feeder and the second feeder and is used for controlling the phase of a signal transmitted on the other feeder so as to adjust the gain direction of the double-fed antenna.
In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising one or more dual feed antennas as described in the first aspect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-feed antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation patch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view of a dual-feed antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dual-feed antenna suitable for 2.4GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an S-parameter performance curve diagram applicable to a 2.4GHz dual-feed antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 3D gain direction of a dual-feed antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a gain direction in a horizontal direction of a dual-fed antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic system diagram of a dual-feed antenna with a power divider and a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a gain direction of a dual-feed antenna with a phase shift of 0 degree according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a gain direction of a dual-feed antenna with a phase shift of 90 degrees according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of a gain direction of a dual-feed antenna with a phase shift of 180 degrees according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the existing multi-antenna system, in order to integrate more antennas in a small-sized communication device, the difficulty of meeting the requirement of isolation is often increased due to the distance between the antennas, and at present, two methods are mainly used for meeting the requirement of isolation in the multi-antenna system. The first method is to use multi-frequency antennas, that is, more antennas are combined into one antenna for use, and the number of antennas can be reduced by using multi-frequency antennas, and accordingly, after the number of antennas is reduced, the distance between the antennas can be increased, and the isolation can be improved, but this method can only be applied to multi-frequency and multi-channel systems; the other way is to add a decoupling network between two antennas, and the decoupling network of the common antenna at present is to increase some equivalent LC circuits to realize the isolation between the antennas by polarization isolation after two single antennas are designed, but this way needs to add an additional structure in the antenna, so that the structure of the antenna system is more complicated.
The embodiment of the invention provides a double-feed antenna and electronic equipment, aiming at the problem of how to meet the isolation between antennas when more antennas are integrated in small-volume communication equipment.
The following describes specific embodiments of the dual-feed antenna and the electronic device according to the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The thicknesses and shapes of the respective components in the drawings are not intended to be true to scale, but are merely illustrative of the contents of the embodiments of the present invention.
The dual-feed antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to any wireless communication device, such as a mobile phone or a wireless communication device such as a tablet personal computer (PAD), and the dual-feed antenna can be applied to any communication system, such as but not limited to the MIMO communication system or the multi-frequency multi-channel communication system.
Referring to fig. 1, the dual feed antenna includes an antenna body 10, a first feed line 201, a second feed line 202 and a bottom plate 30, wherein the antenna body 10 is fixed on the bottom plate 30, the first feed line 201 and the second feed line 202 pass through the bottom plate 30 and are fixed on the antenna body 10, the first feed line 201, the antenna body 10 and the bottom plate 30 form a first antenna, and the second feed line 202, the antenna body 10 and the bottom plate 30 form a second antenna;
the first antenna is located at the singular point position radiated by the second antenna, and the second antenna is located at the singular point position radiated by the first antenna, so that the first antenna and the second antenna meet the requirement of isolation.
The double-feed antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can form two single antennas, namely the first antenna and the second antenna, through the self structure, and the two single antennas are mutually positioned at the singular point position radiated by the other antenna. In addition, the double-fed antenna in the embodiment of the invention does not need to be slotted on the bottom plate 30 for setting a decoupling network, so that the antenna decoupling effect is realized, and then the circuit design can be carried out by utilizing the back surface of the complete bottom plate without influencing the performance of the antenna.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the antenna body 10 is configured to convert signals input by the first feeder 201 and the second feeder into electromagnetic waves and radiate the electromagnetic waves into space.
As shown in fig. 1, the antenna body 10 may include an antenna board 101 and a radiation patch 102. The antenna board 101 is a thin board, wherein the thickness of the thin board is not greater than a preset threshold value, and the thin board can be made of an epoxy glass cloth laminated board (FR4), the radiation patch 102 can be made of a metal material, such as metal copper, and the radiation patch 102 is disposed on a surface with a largest area in the antenna board 101, that is, on a surface in the thickness direction in the antenna board 101. Of course, other possible materials may be used for the antenna board 101 and the radiation patch 102, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The middle vertical plane of the antenna plate 101 along the thickness direction of the antenna plate 101 is perpendicular to the surface with the largest area in the bottom plate 30, the center line along the thickness direction of the bottom plate 30 is positioned in the middle vertical plane along the thickness direction of the antenna plate 101, and the whole double-fed antenna is completely symmetrical based on the middle vertical plane along the thickness direction of the antenna plate 101.
Here, the radiation patch 102 may adopt a two-pronged structure as shown in fig. 2, which is symmetrical based on a perpendicular plane in the thickness direction of the antenna board 101.
As shown in fig. 1, the base plate 30 may include a dielectric base plate 301 and a reference ground 302, the dielectric base plate 301 and the reference ground 302 may both have a circular structure, and the dielectric base plate 301 and the reference ground 302 are concentrically disposed. The reference ground 302 is located between the dielectric substrate 301 and the antenna body 10, the antenna body 10 can be fixed on the reference ground 302 by welding, one surface of the antenna plate 101 included in the antenna body 10, which is perpendicular to the middle vertical plane, is in contact with the reference ground 302, and the surface is located at the center of the reference ground. Specifically, the central axis of the reference ground 302 is located in the middle vertical plane of the antenna board 101, and the center point of the surface of the antenna board 101 contacting the reference ground 302 is located on the central axis of the reference ground. One end of the radiation patch 102 is connected to the reference ground 302. in particular, as shown in fig. 1, when the radiation patch 102 has a dual-prong structure, the handle of the dual-prong structure may be in contact with the reference ground 302.
The first feeder 201 and the second feeder 202 included in the dual-feed antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention may also be symmetrical based on the vertical plane of the antenna board 101. The impedances of the first feed line 201 and the second feed line 202 need to satisfy an Impedance Matching (Impedance Matching) condition, for example, the Impedance of the signal source is 50 ohms (Ω), both the first feed line 201 and the second feed line 202 are 50 ohms, and the first feed line 201 and the second feed line 202 may adopt various feeding manners, for example, a microstrip feeding manner, a coaxial feeding manner, or other possible feeding manners, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
The dual-feed antenna of the embodiment of the present invention can be used not only as a dual antenna, but also as a single antenna, which will be described below.
When the dual-feed antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is used as a dual antenna, the whole antenna can be divided into two parts based on the vertical plane of the antenna board 101, and the dual-feed antenna can be used as two Planar Inverted-F (PIFA) antennas, and the two PIFA antennas share one inductance to ground. As shown in fig. 3, the left half of the whole antenna may be used as a first antenna, i.e., the first feeder 201 and the left half of the antenna body 10 and the bottom plate 30 constitute the first antenna, and the right half of the whole antenna may be used as a second antenna, i.e., the second feeder 202 and the right half of the antenna body 10 and the bottom plate 30 constitute the second antenna.
Since the near-field radiation characteristics of the two PIFA antennas can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the reference ground 302, in the actual design process of the antenna, after the operating frequency band of the antenna is determined, the diameter of the reference ground 302 is determined based on the relative positions of the first antenna and the second antenna, and the two PIFA antennas are mutually positioned at the singular point position of the radiation of the opposite antenna by continuously adjusting the size of the reference ground 302, so that the isolation between the two PIFA antennas meets the requirement, and the diameter meeting the requirement can be used as the diameter of the final reference ground 302.
Specifically, when the size of the antenna is determined, the size of the single-side PIFA antenna may be determined, that is, a suitable size of the single-side PIFA antenna is selected according to a frequency band in which the antenna is to operate, after the size of one side is determined, the size of the corresponding antenna on the other side is determined accordingly, the antennas on both sides share a reference ground, and finally, the size of the reference ground is adjusted to adjust the radiation characteristics of the two antennas, so as to meet the requirement of isolation.
Taking a WIFI communication system with an operating frequency band of 2.4GHz as an example, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 301 of the dual-feed antenna is 2mm, the radius of the reference ground 302 is 27mm, the thickness of the antenna board 101 is 1mm, and the size of the radiation patch 102 is as shown in fig. 4, where the length of the bifurcate portion of the radiation patch is 21.5mm, the width of the bifurcate portion of the radiation patch is 4mm, the interval between the bifurcates is 26mm, the length of the handle portion of the radiation patch is 4mm, the width of the handle portion is 1.75mm, and the width of the connection portion between the handle portion and the bifurcate portion is 2.6 mm. Please refer to fig. 5, which is a graph of performance of scattering (S) parameter of the dual-fed antenna, where the abscissa is frequency in GHz, and the ordinate is S parameter value in dB. The curve 1 is a performance curve graph of S (1, 2), the S (1, 2) is a reverse transmission coefficient and is used for representing isolation, the curve 2 is a performance curve graph of S (1, 1), and the S (1, 1) is a reflection coefficient and is used for representing return loss, and it can be seen that when the double-fed antenna works at 2.4GHz, the S curves are both in a peak valley, standing waves and isolation performance of the antenna are excellent, the isolation performance of 2.4G full frequency bands is not lower than 25dB, and the return loss is not lower than 15 dB.
Referring to fig. 6 and fig. 7, a 3D gain diagram and a gain diagram in a horizontal direction of a dual-fed antenna are shown, respectively, and it can be seen that the dual-fed antenna can implement omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal direction.
The double-fed antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used as a double antenna and also can be used as a single antenna, and the double-fed antenna still can present good horizontal omnidirectional gain under the condition of being used as the single antenna, and can be used in Bluetooth and WIFI antenna systems.
The dual-feed antenna of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a phase shifter 40 and a power divider 50, please refer to fig. 8, which is a schematic structural diagram of the dual-feed antenna of the embodiment of the present invention when used as a single antenna. One port of the power divider 50 is connected to one of the first feeder 201 and the second feeder 202 shown in fig. 1, the other port is connected to one port of the phase shifter 40, and the other port of the phase shifter 40 is connected to the remaining one of the first feeder 201 and the second feeder 202. For example, one port of the power divider 50 is connected to the first feeder 201, the other port is connected to one port of the phase shifter 40, and the other port of the phase shifter 40 is connected to the second feeder 202; alternatively, one port of the power divider 50 is connected to the second feeder 202, the other port is connected to one port of the phase shifter 40, and the other port of the phase shifter 40 is connected to the first feeder 201.
Taking an example that one port of the power divider 50 is connected to the first feeder 201, another port is connected to one port of the phase shifter 40, and another port of the phase shifter 40 is connected to the second feeder 202, when a signal is transmitted through the antenna, the power divider 50 is configured to divide the signal input to the antenna into two paths of signals, which are respectively input to the first feeder 201 and the phase shifter 40, the phase shifter 40 may control the change of the phase of the received signal, and then output the signal to the second feeder 202, and finally the antenna converts the signals of the first feeder 201 and the second feeder 202 into electromagnetic waves and radiates the electromagnetic waves to the space; or, after receiving the electromagnetic wave, the antenna converts the electromagnetic wave into an electrical signal, and outputs the electrical signal through the first feeder 201 and the second feeder 202, and then the power divider 50 is configured to combine the signals of the first feeder 201 and the second feeder 202 and output the combined signal.
In which the antenna pattern can be changed by controlling the amount of phase shift of the phase shifter 40.
Referring to fig. 9, the gain pattern of the antenna is shown when the phase shift amount of the phase shifter 40 is 0 degree, and it can be seen from the figure that the antenna exhibits a horizontal omni-directional characteristic when the phase shift amount of the phase shifter 40 is 0 degree.
Referring to fig. 10, the gain pattern of the antenna is shown when the phase shift amount of the phase shifter 40 is 90 degrees, and it can be seen from the figure that when the phase shift amount of the phase shifter 40 is 90 degrees, the gain pattern of the antenna exhibits a certain directional characteristic, and the energy covers half of the upper half plane.
Referring to fig. 11, the gain pattern of the antenna is shown when the phase shift of the phase shifter 40 is 180 degrees, and it can be seen from the figure that when the phase shift of the phase shifter 40 is 180 degrees, the gain pattern of the antenna is in a hemispherical state approximately covering the upper half plane.
Therefore, if the dual-feed antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is used as an array element of the phased array antenna, the phased array antenna can achieve rich and flexible adjustment of the directional diagram by changing the phase shift amount of the phase shifter 40.
In summary, the double-fed antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention may form two single antennas, that is, the first antenna and the second antenna, through its own structure, and adopt a back-to-back PIFA antenna structure, where the two single antennas are mutually located at a singular point position of radiation of another antenna, and because the gain of the antenna at the singular point position is the smallest, the interference of the antenna to the another antenna is very small, thereby satisfying the isolation requirement, and thus the effect of satisfying the isolation requirement can be achieved through its own structural design, and no additional decoupling network needs to be added, so that the antenna system structure is simpler and is easy to process.
In addition, the double-fed antenna in the embodiment of the invention does not need to be grooved on the bottom plate 30 for setting a decoupling network, so that the decoupling effect of the antenna is realized, and then the circuit design can be carried out by utilizing the back surface of the complete bottom plate without influencing the performance of the antenna; moreover, the double-fed antenna in the embodiment of the invention does not use a polarization isolation mode, so that the two antennas have the same performance when seen from the same receiving end, and the performance is not reduced due to different polarizations.
The double-feed antenna in the embodiment of the invention not only can realize omnidirectional radiation of two links, but also can be used as a single-link phased antenna, and the antenna can realize omnidirectional and directional radiation as long as the phases of two feed-in signals are changed, thereby having rich functions.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including: the double-fed antenna is provided. The electronic device may be, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook, a smart watch, a smart band, and a wireless communication device such as VR/AR glasses, which is not limited thereto.
The above embodiments are only used to describe the technical solutions of the present application in detail, but the above embodiments are only used to help understanding the method of the embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Variations or substitutions that may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A dual feed antenna, comprising:
the antenna comprises an antenna body, a first feeder line, a second feeder line and a bottom plate;
the antenna body is fixed on the bottom plate, the first feeder line and the second feeder line penetrate through the bottom plate and are fixed on the antenna body, the first feeder line, the antenna body and the bottom plate form a first antenna, and the second feeder line, the antenna body and the bottom plate form a second antenna;
wherein the first antenna is located at a singularity position of the radiation of the second antenna and the second antenna is located at a singularity position of the radiation of the first antenna, such that the first antenna and the second antenna meet an isolation requirement, wherein the energy radiated by the antennas at the singularity position is minimal;
wherein, the antenna body comprises an antenna plate and a radiation patch;
the antenna plate is a thin plate, the thickness of the thin plate is not more than a preset threshold value, and the radiation patch is arranged on the surface with the largest area in the antenna plate;
the central vertical plane along the thickness direction of the antenna plate is perpendicular to the surface with the largest area in the bottom plate, the central line of the thickness direction of the bottom plate is positioned in the central vertical plane, and the double-fed antenna is completely symmetrical based on the central vertical plane.
2. The dual feed antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating patch is a bifurcate structure.
3. The dual feed antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground plane comprises a dielectric ground plane and a reference ground, the dielectric ground plane and the reference ground plane being in a circular configuration and being concentrically disposed, the reference ground plane being connected to one end of the radiating patch;
wherein the diameter of the reference ground is determined based on the relative positions of the first and second antennas.
4. A dual feed antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein said ground reference and said radiating patches are made of metal material.
5. A dual feed antenna as in claim 3 wherein said antenna board and said dielectric chassis are fabricated from FR4 material.
6. The dual feed antenna of claim 1, wherein the first feed line and the second feed line are fed microstrip or coaxial.
7. The dual feed antenna of claim 1, further comprising a phase shifter and a power divider;
when the double-fed antenna is used as a single antenna, one end of the power divider is connected with one of the first feeder line and the second feeder line, and the other end of the power divider is connected with the phase shifter, and is used for dividing a signal input to the antenna into two paths of signals which are respectively input into the one feeder line and the phase shifter, or is used for synthesizing and outputting the signals of the one feeder line and the phase shifter;
the phase shifter is connected with the other feeder except the one feeder in the first feeder and the second feeder and is used for controlling the phase of a signal transmitted on the other feeder so as to adjust the gain direction of the double-fed antenna.
8. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises one or more dual feed antennas according to any of claims 1-7.
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CN112310638B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-11-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wearable equipment |
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CN201936998U (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-08-17 | 惠州Tcl移动通信有限公司 | Diversity reception structure of antenna and mobile phone with same |
US8803742B2 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2014-08-12 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Dual-band MIMO antenna system |
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