CN109201713A - The administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal - Google Patents
The administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN109201713A CN109201713A CN201810952261.1A CN201810952261A CN109201713A CN 109201713 A CN109201713 A CN 109201713A CN 201810952261 A CN201810952261 A CN 201810952261A CN 109201713 A CN109201713 A CN 109201713A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of administering methods of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, the industrial crops of this method plantation are oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum, rape, the industrial crops press oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape, corn-rape, sorghum-rape rotation plantation using conventional cultivation method, and conventional cultivation method interplanting leguminous plant is respectively adopted during oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape, corn-rape, sorghum-rapeseed cultivation.Present invention rehabilitating soil by the way of more crops and the difference crop rotation of same crop, having broken existing crop rotation method mostly is the single-mode of two shift of crops, according to the crop of the reasonably combined each wheel crop rotation of the heavy metal pollution problem of soil to be repaired, it can not only achieve the purpose that restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, while can also efficient balance soil nutrient.Leguminous plant is interplanted simultaneously, collaboration repairs and as green manure, it is ensured that the soil beneficiating ingredient after reparation is high.While this repair mode can also make planting plants rehabilitating soil, considerable economic benefit, dual benefit are generated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phytoremediation fields of soil, refer in particular to a kind of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant remediating heavy metal
The administering method of contaminated soil.
Background technique
Continuous severe with ecological environment, industry or domestic pollution, Soil Environmental Pollution problem caused by metal is more next
It is more serious.As large agricultural country, farmland environment plays conclusive effect in China.The cultivation base ploughed as crops is
Ensure grain security, it mostly can be far from industrial area, mining area etc., so will not generally generate severe metallic pollution.But because of life
The control of the discharges such as waste water,waste gas and industrial residue is improper, still will cause in arable land, slight pollution, cadmium pollution especially therein
It is easier to be absorbed by crops than other metals.Therefore it how to be directed to the particularity of Farmland contamination, using suitable repair mode
It is current top priority to create the high-quality soil environment of second ploughing.
CN104772327A discloses a kind of method polluted using rape-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers crop rotation technology repairing heavy metal in soil,
Rape and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers are mainly planted in the soil of heavy-metal composite pollution by this method according to its natural growth period, are carried out conventional
Ground cultivation, by removing excessive heavy metal in soil to the absorption accumulation ability of heavy metal in its Natural growth process.
Characteristic conducive to rape and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers absorbs a large amount of heavy metal from soil, to reach the mesh of remediating heavy metal combined contamination soil
, it is unknown whether the soil handled is able to satisfy arable land standard.In addition, CN105817471A discloses a kind of utilization oil
Dish-peanut rotation system restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal method, CN106001099A disclose a kind of utilization peanut-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers wheel
The method of operation mode restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.Above-mentioned various restorative procedures are all to have the work for absorbing accumulation ability using two kinds
Rotation of crops carrys out rehabilitating soil, and crop rotation form is more single, easily causes soil nutrient to consume unbalanced.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being improved and being innovated for disadvantage present in background technique and problem, a kind of warp is provided
Crop of helping interplants the administering method of leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.
The industrial crops of the method for the present invention plantation are oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum, rape, and the industrial crops are planted using conventional
Culture method presses oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape, corn-rape, sorghum-rape rotation plantation, and in oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape, corn-rape, sorghum-oil
Conventional cultivation method interplanting leguminous plant is respectively adopted in colza during planting.
The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum are successively planted with rape rotation respectively in one of the embodiments,.
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is annual herb plant, is composite family oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers category, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers drought resisting is barren-resistant, well developed root system, and growth is rapidly, raw
Object amount is big, all stronger to the enrichment performance and tolerance of heavy metal.Studies show that, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can be just in contaminated soil
It often grows, apparent poisoning symptom does not occur, do not influence the yield of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, and because its Aboveground Biomass of Young is big, energy
Enough a large amount of various heavies of absorption and accumulation, the content of heavy metal Cu, Cd in plant are apparently higher than soil background values, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
There is significant enriched character to heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Cd, As.Make full use of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers special to the patience of heavy metal and enrichment
Property, it is planted in the area of heavy-metal composite pollution, the heavy metal in absorption and accumulation soil is adopted by the digging to mature plant
And processing, i.e., by harvesting processing aerial part to extract the heavy metal in soil after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is mature, and obtained from oil sunflower
The extraction oil quality obtained meets national edible safety standard.
Rape is the young stem and leaf of crucifer rape, originates in China, and north and south is widely cultivated, and the four seasons have for producing.Through
Experiments have shown that rape and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers have very strong patience and accumulation ability to various heavy.Using rape and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers to a huge sum of money
This enriched character belonged to, is planted in the area of heavy-metal composite pollution, the heavy metal in absorption and accumulation soil, rape and
Heavy metal in soil is extracted by harvesting processing, aerial part after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is mature, so that reaching reduces weight in contaminated soil
The purpose of tenor.Rape and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers are to the adaptable of soil, and growth is vigorous, and aerial part is flourishing, and biomass is big, drought resisting
Ability is strong, and growth scope is wider, and cultivation is simpler, and administration fee is low, and primary plantation can be benefited for many years, and economy, medical value are very
Height is widely used in medicine and civilian industry, and its economic utilization mode is avoided that heavy metal reenters food chain again.
Some researches show that, the crop rotation of corn rape can promote corn growth, in the case of low concentration cadmium pollution, Corn Biomass
It is higher than nonoculture by 19%~50%；With the increase of Cd concentration in soil, each organ Cd content of corn is also in the trend being stepped up,
Under low, middle concentration C d pollutional condition, corn/rape crop rotation can hinder control corn underground part Cd and shift to overground part, especially
It is shifted to leaf, has significantly resistance control effect to Maize Absorption accumulation Cd.
There is sugar grass huge root system to have very strong absorption to heavy metal in soil, and for heavy metal reparation
Sweet broomcorn straw can be used as the raw material of production alcohol fuel, and product does not enter food chain, therefore, repair a huge sum of money using sugar grass
Belonging to contaminated soil has very big potentiality.Some researches show that low concentration Pb (≤100 mg/kg), Cd (≤1 mg/kg) processing promote
Into the growth of sugar grass, each position content of beary metal of sugar grass increases with the raising of P in soil b, Cd concentration for the treatment of.Thus
It is found that sugar grass has stronger resistance and preferable absorption and accumulation and turn-over capacity to heavy metal Pb, Cd, it is mono- in Pb, Cd
One and its combined contamination soil reparation in terms of have potential application.
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum are successively planted with rape rotation respectively, restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal can not only be reached
Purpose, while can also efficient balance soil nutrient.
In one of the embodiments, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum respectively with rape two seasons crop rotation.Utilize different works
Object it is different to the nutrient in soil be absorbed and utilized ability, and the form in the form of Different Crop and same shift of crops, favorably
The balanced consumption of nutrient, reaches soil nutrient balance, while also helping the disease pest weeds of mitigation Yu crop association in soil
Harm.
The leguminous plant of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum planting season intercrop described in one of the embodiments, is soybean.
Specifically, the soybean stalk gathers in, root turns over to bury with staying makees fertilizer.
The leguminous plant interplanted during the rapeseed cultivation in one of the embodiments, is Chinese milk vetch.
Specifically, the Chinese milk vetch is gathered in full-bloom stage, first cut on the spot broken, shines to turn over plough after solid carbon dioxide and bury for 1-2 days and makees fertilizer.
The contaminated soil of the method for the present invention reparation be in, the rice cultivation of slight heavy metal cadmium, lead, arsenic pollution or drought
Ground.
Advantages of the present invention and the utility model has the advantages that
Present invention rehabilitating soil by the way of more crops and the difference crop rotation of same crop, having broken existing crop rotation method is mostly two
The single-mode of shift of crops, according to the crop of the reasonably combined each wheel crop rotation of the heavy metal pollution problem of soil to be repaired, not only
It can achieve the purpose that restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, while can also efficient balance soil nutrient.Leguminous plant is interplanted simultaneously, is cooperateed with
It repairs and as green manure, is grown for rotation crop and nitrogenous fertilizer is provided, reduce the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, it is ensured that the soil after reparation is beneficial
Ingredient is high, can reach arable land such as Rice Cropping arable land and require.This repair mode can also make the same of planting plants rehabilitating soil
When, generate considerable economic benefit, dual benefit.
Restorative procedure of the present invention primarily directed in, the rice cultivation of slight heavy metal cadmium, lead, arsenic pollution or nonirrigated farmland,
Each rotation crop is reasonably selected and combined for pollution sources, is closed respectively with the multiple groups of rape rotation using oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum
Mode and the strong characteristic of each crop Metal absorption accumulation ability carry out soil remediation, and will not be to the arable land crop after second ploughing
Growth causes adverse effect.Leguminous plant well developed root system is utilized simultaneously, can be enriched with the characteristic with activating soil nutrient more by force, be passed through
Interplanting can not only cooperate with rotation crop propose arable land in part metals substance, and on leguminous plant root system tumor of taking root,
Rhizobium therein can convert organic nitrogen compound for the N immobilization in air, for rotation crop growth provide it is abundant
Nitrogen nutrition, and can activate and update the soil organism, improve organic matter composition, the quantity for the state agron that makes to combine closely increases
Add, improves soil remediation ability.
The present invention is during oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum plantation, interplant of bean, and after harvesting, soybean stalk can be used as feed money
Source, root is as green manure.During rapeseed cultivation, Chinese milk vetch is interplanted, is buried after full-bloom stage processing as green manure.Using oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers,
Corn, sorghum, based on rape, mode is repaired in the plantation supplemented by legume soybean, Chinese milk vetch, and leguminous plant well developed root system enters
Native depth is different, can make up well it is main take root be cannot and soil reparation, it is ensured that arable soil obtains comprehensive, effective
Reparation.Leguminous plant provides nutrient to main plant but also as green manure simultaneously, can also be effectively improved soil.
Specific embodiment
It is of the invention for ease of understanding, several embodiments of the present invention are shown below.But the present invention can be with many not
With form realize, however it is not limited to embodiment described herein.On the contrary, purpose of providing these embodiments is makes to this
The disclosure of invention is more thorough and comprehensive.
Unless otherwise defined, the skill of all technical and scientific terms and technical field of the invention used herein
The normally understood meaning of art personnel is identical.Term used in the description is intended merely to describe specifically to implement purpose, is not
It is designed to limit the invention.
Embodiment 1: it ploughs for slight heavy metal cadmium rice.
1, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted according to a conventional method.
In implantation time upper, the middle ten days for May, routinely dosage applies organic fertilizer before plantation, carries out field management, rich water pipe
Reason, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Yellow is presented in mid-September, the oily sunflower disk back side, and stem turns yellow, and middle and upper part blade reaches when moving back green flavescence
It to physiological maturity, gathers in, is spread out on dring yard immediately after harvest and dry, Yang Jing, prevent from going mouldy.
2, interplant of bean according to a conventional method.
During the plantation of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, interplant of bean is sowed simultaneously with oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.After maturation, soybean stalk harvesting, root is turned over staying
It ploughs to bury and makees fertilizer.
3, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers harvesting followed by continues real tillage, plants rape according to a conventional method.
Implantation time is mid-October, and routinely dosage applies organic fertilizer before plantation, carries out field management and pest and disease damage is anti-
It controls.The harvesting of late April next year.Stacking and sunning are wanted after hand harvest, so as to seed after-ripening, to be dried, be taken off in time by after-ripening
Grain, Yang Jing.
4, Chinese milk vetch is interplanted according to a conventional method.
During rapeseed cultivation, Chinese milk vetch is interplanted, field management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are carried out.The Chinese milk vetch for making green manure can
It is gathered in full-bloom stage, first cuts on the spot broken, slightly solarization a couple of days slightly solid carbon dioxide can turn over plough and bury.Generally in early rice rice transplanting first half of the month
Left and right turns over the most suitable.The Chinese milk vetch reserved seed for planting will harvest in time after the most of maturation of kind of pod.
5, maize planting according to a conventional method again, during which routine interplant of bean.
6, rape is planted according to a conventional method again, during which conventional interplanting Chinese milk vetch.
7, sorghum is planted according to a conventional method again, during which routine interplant of bean.
8, rape is finally planted according to a conventional method, during which conventional interplanting Chinese milk vetch.
It can normally be grown in be selected in contaminated soil, apparent poisoning symptom do not occur, do not influence yield, because
Its Aboveground Biomass of Young is big, can absorption and accumulation various heavy, can to slight heavy metal pollution plough effectively be administered.
Using the above crop rotation combination crop rotation repair after, arable land cadmium removal quantity up to 2g/ mus/it is more than year, the total cadmium annual of soil
Reduced rate >=10%, rice soil pH value annual promote 0.5 unit or more, and farmland quality improves 0.5 grade within 3 years.
Period, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum, rape can be normally just long in the slight heavy metal cadmium, oil crops
Grain yield meets the level of general planting, and the oily every per mu yield of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is 300-350 kilograms, and the every per mu yield of corn is 500-700
Kilogram, the every per mu yield of sorghum is 500-700 kilograms, and the every per mu yield of rape is 150-200 kilograms.
Embodiment 2: moderate heavy metal cadmium, lead, arsenic combined pollution nonirrigated farmland.
One, first maize planting according to a conventional method, during which routine interplant of bean.
Two, rape is planted according to a conventional method again, during which conventional interplanting Chinese milk vetch.
Three, the oily last of the ten Heavenly stems is planted according to a conventional method again, during which routine interplant of bean.
Four, rape is planted according to a conventional method again, during which conventional interplanting Chinese milk vetch.
Five, sorghum is planted according to a conventional method again, during which routine interplant of bean.
Six, rape is planted according to a conventional method again, during which conventional interplanting Chinese milk vetch.
Seven, the oily last of the ten Heavenly stems is planted according to a conventional method again, during which routine interplant of bean.
Eight, rape is finally planted according to a conventional method, during which conventional interplanting Chinese milk vetch.
Using the above crop rotation combination crop rotation repair after, nonirrigated farmland cadmium, lead, arsenic removal quantity up to 2.9g/ mus/it is more than year, soil weight
Metal annual reduced rate >=17%, nonirrigated farmland pH value annual promote 0.55 unit or more, 4 years nonirrigated farmland Quality advance 0.6 etc.
Grade.
Embodiment of the present invention is only the description carried out to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not to the present invention
Conception and scope is defined, and under the premise of not departing from design philosophy of the present invention, engineers and technicians are to this hair in this field
The all variations and modifications that bright technical solution is made should all fall into protection scope of the present invention, the claimed skill of the present invention
Art content, is all described in the claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, it is characterised in that: this method
The industrial crops of plantation are oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum, rape, the industrial crops using conventional cultivation method press oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape,
Corn-rape, sorghum-rape rotation plantation, and be respectively adopted during oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers-rape, corn-rape, sorghum-rapeseed cultivation
Conventional cultivation method interplants leguminous plant.
2. the administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1,
Oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum described in being characterized in that successively are planted with rape rotation respectively.
3. the administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum respectively with rape two seasons crop rotation.
4. the administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1,
The leguminous plant of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn, sorghum planting season intercrop described in being characterized in that is soybean.
5. the administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that the soybean stalk harvesting, root turns over to bury with staying makees fertilizer.
6. the administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1,
The leguminous plant interplanted during rapeseed cultivation described in being characterized in that is Chinese milk vetch.
7. the administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 6,
It is characterized in that the Chinese milk vetch is gathered in full-bloom stage, first cuts on the spot broken, shine to turn over plough after solid carbon dioxide and bury for 1-2 days and makees fertilizer.
8. the administering method of industrial crops interplanting leguminous plant restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that this method reparation contaminated soil be in, the rice cultivation of slight heavy metal cadmium, lead, arsenic pollution or nonirrigated farmland.
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| CN201810952261.1A CN109201713B (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | Treatment method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by interplanting economic crops and leguminous plants |
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| CN201810952261.1A CN109201713B (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2018-08-21 | Treatment method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by interplanting economic crops and leguminous plants |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN111528031A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-14 | 崔坚 | Method for planting triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of urban road |
| CN111567201A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-08-25 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of oilseed rape in corn and oilseed rape crop rotation |
| CN112792112A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-05-14 | 中山市农产品质量安全检验所(中山市水生动物疫病预防控制中心) | Method for nondestructive in-situ remediation and safe production of moderate and light cadmium polluted farmland soil |
| CN114130811A (en) * | 2021-11-13 | 2022-03-04 | 北京工业大学 | Method for restoring cadmium-polychlorinated biphenyl composite polluted soil by crop rotation of astragalus sinicus and sedum plumbizincicola |
| CN114472505A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 北京工业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling intercropping of Sedum plumbizincicola and Astragalus sinicus to restore farmland soil compositely polluted by heavy metals and organic pollutants |
| CN115647024A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-01-31 | 宁波市江北区农业技术推广服务站(宁波市江北区植物检疫站、宁波市江北区种子管理站) | Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by oil sunflower and corn crop rotation plants |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111528031A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-14 | 崔坚 | Method for planting triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of urban road |
| CN111567201A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-08-25 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application of oilseed rape in corn and oilseed rape crop rotation |
| CN112792112A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-05-14 | 中山市农产品质量安全检验所(中山市水生动物疫病预防控制中心) | Method for nondestructive in-situ remediation and safe production of moderate and light cadmium polluted farmland soil |
| CN114130811A (en) * | 2021-11-13 | 2022-03-04 | 北京工业大学 | Method for restoring cadmium-polychlorinated biphenyl composite polluted soil by crop rotation of astragalus sinicus and sedum plumbizincicola |
| CN114472505A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 北京工业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling intercropping of Sedum plumbizincicola and Astragalus sinicus to restore farmland soil compositely polluted by heavy metals and organic pollutants |
| CN115647024A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-01-31 | 宁波市江北区农业技术推广服务站(宁波市江北区植物检疫站、宁波市江北区种子管理站) | Method for restoring heavy metal contaminated soil by oil sunflower and corn crop rotation plants |
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