CN109181664A - 一种苯二胺交联聚丙烯酰胺的耐温凝胶堵剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种苯二胺交联聚丙烯酰胺的耐温凝胶堵剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种苯二胺交联聚丙烯酰胺的耐温凝胶堵剂及其制备方法,以解决现有酚醛交联凝胶堵剂制备工艺复杂、健康环境危害性大的问题。凝胶堵剂由主剂、苯二胺交联剂、催化剂及水组成。所述主剂为聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物,催化剂为硼酸,各组分的质量百分比为:主剂0.8~1.2%,交联剂0.4~1%,催化剂0.8~0.15%,其余为水。本发明成胶时间较长,可在高温环境下获得较长的泵注时间,在100~130℃的温度条件下可控制成胶时间在10~35h,30天可保持粘度10000 mPa.s以上,可用于高温油藏堵水作业。本发明具有成本低、操作工艺简单、耐温能力强等优点,在油田调剖堵水方面具有广阔应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种封堵高渗透地层,调整油田注水地层吸水剖面,以转酰胺基反应作用交联大分子量的HPAM的耐温型高温自交联封堵剂材料。
背景技术
我国大部分油田早期注水开发,目前已相继进入二次采油开发中后期,属中高含水期,堵水调剖问题日趋紧迫。油田开发主要应用的堵水剂有无机凝胶堵剂和有机聚合物堵剂两类。常用无机堵剂为硅酸凝胶,其粘度低,易泵入,耐温抗盐性能好,但是强度低,不耐冲刷;常用的有机堵剂为聚丙烯酰胺类凝胶,其在油田控水稳油中有着重要的地位。但对于高温油藏,其存在耐温抗盐性能差,有效期会随着热降解作用减短,使堵水效果变差的缺点。为解决此类问题,自二十世纪五十年代以来,国内外学者主要集中在聚合物与交联剂的优选方案上做出大量研究,N, N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、高价金属离子、酚醛类、聚乙烯亚胺等交联聚丙烯酰胺的凝胶封堵剂相继被开发。
有机凝胶按交联主剂分为丙烯酰胺类和聚丙烯酰胺聚合物类:
(1)丙烯酰胺为主剂的调堵剂主要为N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰胺交联体系,其原料组分水溶性良好、自由基聚合能力好、施工简单且成胶性能好。但凝胶成胶时间短,容易在注入过程中成胶造成事故,且封堵剂在高温(>100ºC)环境下热稳性较差。
(2)聚丙烯酰胺为主剂的堵剂按交联剂类型及作用基团分为有机醛类交联体系与无机金属离子交联体系。
高价金属离子交联聚丙烯酰胺体系主要利用铬、铝、钛等高价金属与聚丙烯酰胺分子链上的羧酸根离子形成离子键获得交联凝胶。多价金属离子主要适用于中低温油藏(<70℃),成胶时间快,初始粘度高,但重金属离子会对地下水环境造成永久性污染。
酚醛类交联剂与聚丙烯酰胺分子链形成共价键而获得网络结构,形成的凝胶封堵剂具备良好的高温热稳定性。该体系要用到苯酚—甲醛预先制备水溶性酚醛,施工难度大且具有环境和健康危险性。
聚乙烯亚胺交联剂中的亚胺氮原子和聚丙烯酰胺中的酰胺基团通过转氨基作用可获得交联结构,形成的凝胶封堵剂具备良好的高温热稳定性,在低温条件下,成胶时间可控制。但聚乙烯亚胺价格昂贵,且粘稠性较大导致施工复杂。
现有的聚丙烯酰胺主剂凝胶堵剂存在成本高、施工复杂、危害健康和环境等问题,开发一种价格低、工艺简单、热稳定性好的凝胶堵剂对于高含水油田开采具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐高温老化的油藏封堵剂的组成及其制备方法,具备配方简单、工艺简便、初始粘度低、热稳定性高等特点,旨在克服现有技术的不足。
本发明所述的凝胶堵剂包含聚丙烯酰胺类主剂、对苯二胺交联剂、硼酸催化剂,分别占混合总质量的0.8~1.2%、0.4~1.2%、0.1~0.15%。
本发明以转酰胺基催化反应作为基础,引入的对苯二胺交联剂含苯环稳定结构,可以加强聚合物的热稳定性。两个氨基可以聚丙烯酰胺分子侧链上的酰胺基发生催化反应,形成具有三维网络结构的凝胶聚合物。凝胶聚合物形成过程如下:
本发明的制作方法是这样实现的:
(1)称取一定质量的聚丙烯酰胺溶解于定量的去离子水中,配置所需母液。持续搅拌12小时以上,使其分散均匀。
(2)将交联剂、催化剂按一定的质量配比分别溶解在定量的去离子水中。为了加速交联剂的快速溶解,可适当对交联剂水溶液升温搅拌。
(3)交联剂选取具有一个苯环结构的对苯二胺,催化剂选取转酰胺基反应常用催化剂硼酸。
(4)取一定质量的母液与交联剂、催化剂水溶液一并混合搅拌均匀,装入一个密封不锈钢罐。在油浴锅中升温(100~130℃)反应生成不流动的凝胶。
(5)定期观察密封罐中凝胶成交性能,将依照直观的目测代码法评价成胶时间,并辅以旋转粘度计测试粘度进行强度评价。目测代码评价依据Sydansk等人提出的堵剂凝胶强度(Gel Strength Codes简称GSC)等级。成胶时间指体系由溶液A变成流动凝胶C(凝胶强度代码,见表1)所经历的时间。
表1凝胶代码标准
强度代码 | 凝胶名称 | 对应强度描述 |
A | 非探测性凝胶 | 体系黏度与聚合物黏度相当,肉眼观察不到凝胶的形成 |
B | 高流动性凝胶 | 凝胶体系的黏度略高于聚合物溶液黏度 |
C | 流动性凝胶 | 翻转玻璃瓶时绝大部分凝胶可流到瓶的另一端 |
D | 中等流动凝胶 | 翻转玻璃瓶时,少部分凝胶(<15%)不能流到另一端,常以舌型存在 |
E | 几乎不流动凝胶 | 翻转时少量凝胶能缓慢流到另一端,大部分(>15%)不具流动性 |
F | 高形变不流动凝胶 | 凝胶在翻转玻璃瓶时不能流到瓶口 |
G | 中等形变不流动凝胶 | 翻转时,只能流动玻璃瓶的中部 |
H | 轻微形变不流动凝胶 | 翻转时,只有凝胶表面发生形变 |
I | 刚性凝胶 | 翻转时,凝胶表面不发生形变 |
J | 振铃凝胶 | 摇动玻璃瓶时,能感觉到音叉般的震动 |
(6)凝胶调剖剂所能达到的黏度随交联剂浓度不同而有所差异,具体数值在10000~25000mP·s区间变化,目测代码为C~F级(C级凝胶的黏度经旋转粘度计测试可达10000mPa.s以上)。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的凝胶堵剂制作方法简单,泵送性好,体系初始粘度仅600mPa.s,在各种孔隙型的油藏中均具有良好的注入性。
本发明的凝胶堵剂合成温度较高(100~130℃),与深井(5000m以上)油藏环境温度相符,避免了在注入通道交联发生事故的问题。
高温条件下可进行自发交联,不需要引发剂即可保证成胶强度。
本发明的耐高温凝胶封堵剂成胶强度强,粘度可达20000mPa·s以上,成胶时间随着温度升高而减短,当反应温度为120℃时可控制成胶时间为10~35h。
本发明的凝胶耐高温性能好,凝胶堵剂在120℃降解一个月之后,粘度仍可维持在10000mPa·s以上。
本发明各组分含量低,主剂用量极少,配置混合液的操作方便。
附图说明
图1是实施案例5的凝胶封堵剂成胶期间粘度变化曲线;
图2是实施案例5在120℃下老化30天之间的粘度变化曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种耐高温聚丙烯酰胺封堵剂及其制备方法,为了对本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对发明进一步详细说明,但不能理解为对本发明的可实施范围的限定。
实施案例1
制备主剂(聚丙烯酰胺)浓度0.8%,交联剂(对苯二胺)浓度0.8%的凝胶堵剂。
称取3g分子量为1400万的聚丙烯酰胺,加入一个装有磁力搅拌子和197g去离子水的烧杯当中,搅拌12h以上,使其分散均匀,配置好浓度为1.5%的母液。称取3g对苯二胺溶于100g去离子温水中,0.45g硼酸溶于72g去离子水中。将母液与对苯二胺溶液和硼酸溶液混合,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,装入密封良好的不锈钢罐。将罐子置于100℃的油浴锅内,恒温反应35h以上,得到具有一定粘度的凝胶封堵剂,强度等级为C级。
实施案例2
制备主剂(聚丙烯酰胺)浓度1%,交联剂(对苯二胺)浓度0.6%的凝胶堵剂。
称取3g分子量为1400万的聚丙烯酰胺,加入一个装有磁力搅拌子和197g去离子水的烧杯当中,搅拌12h以上,使其分散均匀,配置好浓度为1.5%的母液。称取1.2g对苯二胺溶于50g去离子温水中,0.36g硼酸溶于48.5g去离子水中,将母液与对苯二胺溶液和硼酸溶液混合,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,装入密封良好的不锈钢罐,将罐子置于110℃的油浴锅内,恒温反应28h以上,得到具有一定粘度的凝胶封堵剂。强度等级为C级。
实施案例3
制备主剂(聚丙烯酰胺)浓度1%,交联剂(对苯二胺)浓度1%的凝胶堵剂。
称取3g分子量为1400万的聚丙烯酰胺,加入一个装有磁力搅拌子和197g去离子水的烧杯当中,搅拌12h以上,使其分散均匀,配置好浓度为1.5%的母液。称取1.2g对苯二胺溶于50g去离子温水中,0.36g硼酸溶于48.5g去离子水中,将母液与对苯二胺溶液和硼酸溶液混合,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,装入密封良好的不锈钢罐。将罐子置于120℃的油浴锅内,恒温反24h以上,得到具有一定粘度的凝胶封堵剂。强度等级为C级。
实施案例4
制备主剂(聚丙烯酰胺)浓度1%,交联剂(对苯二胺)浓度1.2%的凝胶堵剂。称取3g分子量为1400万的聚丙烯酰胺,加入一个装有磁力搅拌子和197g去离子水的烧杯当中,搅拌12h以上,使其分散均匀,配置好浓度为1.5%的母液。称取1.2g对苯二胺溶于50g去离子温水中,0.36g硼酸溶于48.5g去离子水中,将母液与对苯二胺溶液和硼酸溶液混合,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,装入密封良好的不锈钢罐,将罐子置于130℃的油浴锅内,恒温反应10h以上,开始定时取样,得到具有一定粘度的凝胶封堵剂。强度等级为C级。
实施案例5
制备主剂(聚丙烯酰胺)浓度1%,交联剂(对苯二胺)浓度0.8%的凝胶堵剂。
称取6g分子量为1400万的聚丙烯酰胺,加入一个装有磁力搅拌子和394g去离子水的烧杯当中,搅拌12h以上,使其分散均匀,配置好浓度为1.5%的母液。称取4.8g对苯二胺溶于150g去离子温水中,0.72g硼酸溶于50g去离子水中,将母液与对苯二胺溶液和硼酸溶液混合,用玻璃棒搅拌均匀,装入密封良好的不锈钢罐,将罐子置于120℃的油浴锅内,恒温反应16h以上,开始定时取样,得到具有一定粘度的凝胶封堵剂。强度等级为C级。
封堵剂高温老化测试:实施案例5在120℃下高温密封老化一个月,通过旋转粘度计测试凝胶堵剂粘度随时间变化规律,老化后粘度约为15000 mPa∙S。
表2 实施案例3目测代码评价法成胶情况(h:小时;d:天)
PAM浓度(%) | 对苯二胺浓度(%) | 10h | 24h | 2d | 5d | 15d | 23d | 30d |
1 | 1 | B | C | C | D | E | F | E |
表3实施案例5目测代码评价法成胶情况(h:小时;d:天)
PAM浓度(%) | 对苯二胺浓度(%) | 3h | 8h | 11h | 16h | 27h | 40h | 10d | 30d |
1 | 0.8 | A | B | B | C | C | D | E | D |
Claims (4)
1.一种苯二胺交联聚丙烯酰胺的耐温凝胶封堵剂,所述凝胶封堵剂的结构通式如下:
式Ⅰ
式I中R代表−NH2,−COOH,−COONa中的一种;x ,y, z的数值随聚合物的组成及交联剂的比例而变化。
2.苯二胺交联反应官能团之间作用机理如式II所示:
式II
如权利要求1所述封堵剂的制备方法,其特征在于:主要由主剂、交联剂、催化剂及水组成,其质量百分比为:主剂0.8~1.2%,交联剂0.4~1%,其余为水;所述主剂为大分子量聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物;所述交联剂为对苯二胺。
3.如权利要求2封堵剂的制备方法,其特征在于:先将定量的聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物溶解于水溶液中,常温搅拌12小时以上,待其分散均匀;再称取定量的对苯二胺溶解于40~50℃温水中,待其溶解完全与聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物水溶液混合,再加入一定质量的清水,置于100~130℃高温密封环境自交联10~35小时,形成高温稳定堵水凝胶。
4.根据权利要求2封堵剂的制备方法,其特征在于:催化剂为硼酸,其含量为0.8~0.15%。
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CN114058029A (zh) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种剪切响应型水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116410717A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种调驱剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN107794025A (zh) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 复合交联剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN114058029B (zh) * | 2020-07-29 | 2023-11-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种剪切响应型水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112094629A (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-18 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | 适用于裂缝性油藏的堵剂 |
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CN116410717A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种调驱剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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