Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing methane and efficiently and deeply denitrifying municipal sewage aiming at the problems of high energy consumption, high operation cost and low denitrification efficiency of the biological denitrification of the municipal sewage.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: provides a device used in a method for producing methane and efficiently and deeply denitrifying urban sewage, which comprises the following steps: the system is provided with a raw water tank, a methanogenic membrane bioreactor, a short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor, a short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor and a nitrification reactor; the raw water tank is connected with a water inlet valve of the methanogenic membrane bioreactor through a water inlet pump of the methanogenic membrane bioreactor; the methane membrane bioreactor is cylindrical and internally contains granular sludge, the top end of the methane membrane bioreactor is provided with a three-phase separator exhaust port, the right side of the methane membrane bioreactor is provided with a sampling port, and the left side of the methane membrane bioreactor is provided with a circulating liquid water pump and a circulating liquid control valve to enable the granular sludge to be in a fluidized state; a water outlet pipe of the methanogenic membrane bioreactor is connected with a short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor through a water inlet valve of the short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor, and the short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is cylindrical and contains granular sludge; a water outlet pipe of the short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is connected with the short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor through a water inlet valve of the short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor, the short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is cylindrical and contains granular sludge, an aeration head is arranged at the bottom of the reactor, oxygen is provided by an air compressor, and the air flow is controlled by a gas flow meter and a gas flow regulating valve; the water outlet pipe of the shortcut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is connected with the nitrification reactor through a water inlet valve of the nitrification reactor, the nitrification reactor is in a column shape and contains granular sludge, the bottom of the reactor is also provided with an aeration head, oxygen is provided by an air compressor, and the air flow is controlled by a gas flow meter and a gas flow regulating valve; the nitrifying liquid internal reflux pump is connected with the short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor through a nitrifying liquid internal reflux valve, and finally, the effluent is discharged through a water outlet pipe of the nitrifying reactor.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) starting the system: inoculating methane-producing granular sludge with good activity and adding the methane-producing granular sludge into a methane-producing membrane bioreactor; inoculating short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge with good activity, and adding the sludge into a denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; inoculating short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonium oxidation granular sludge with good activity and adding the sludge into a short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor; inoculating granular sludge with good nitrification activity, and feeding the granular sludge into a nitrification reactor, wherein the sludge concentration after the inoculation of the four reactors is 10-15 g/L;
2) the runtime adjustment operation is as follows:
2.1) the hydraulic retention time of the methanogenic membrane bioreactor is 2.5-3.5 h;
2.2) the residence time of the short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is 0.5 to 1 hour, and the influent COD/NO is3 --N is 3-5;
2.3) the hydraulic retention time of the partial nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is 0.5-1h, and the DO concentration is 0-0.5 mg/L;
2.4) the hydraulic retention time of the nitration reactor is 0.5-1h, and the DO concentration is 2-4 mg/L;
2.5) the reflux ratio in the nitrifying liquid is 200-400%, when the concentration of the nitrate nitrogen in the effluent of the system is more than 10mg/L, the reflux ratio in the nitrifying liquid is increased, and when the concentration of the nitrate nitrogen in the effluent of the system is less than 5mg/L, the reflux ratio in the nitrifying liquid is reduced.
The treatment process of the urban sewage in the device comprises the following steps: firstly, the sewage enters an anaerobic membrane bioreactor to produce methane, organic matters in the water are converted into methane by granular sludge, the sludge and dissolved methane are intercepted by a membrane component, the methane gas collection rate is improved, the release of the dissolved methane in the effluent as greenhouse gas is reduced, and meanwhile, a circulating water pump ensures that the granular sludge in the reactor is in a fluidized state; then, the effluent of the membrane module and the nitrified liquid flowing back from the nitrification reactor enter a short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor together, denitrifying bacteria in the granular sludge reduce nitrate nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen by using residual organic matters in the influent, and then the nitrite nitrogen and part of ammonia nitrogen are converted into nitrogen by the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria; then the effluent enters a short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor, ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the granular sludge convert part of ammonia nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen, and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria convert nitrite nitrogen and part of ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen; finally, the sludge enters a nitration reactor, nitrifying bacteria in the granular sludge oxidize nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the water into nitrate nitrogen, and the aim of deep denitrification is finally achieved.
Based on organic matter anaerobic methane production, short-range denitrification reaction and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, the invention has the following advantages compared with the traditional biological denitrification process:
1) most organic matters in the sewage are subjected to anaerobic methanogenesis to realize energy recycling;
2) compared with floc sludge, the granular sludge greatly improves biomass, shortens reaction time and reduces floor area;
3) the granular sludge in a fluidized state can realize surface scrubbing of the membrane component, so that membrane pollution is reduced;
4) the end product of the short-range denitrification is nitrite nitrogen, so that a way of converting the nitrite nitrogen into nitrogen is avoided, and the denitrification process is shortened, so that the amount of organic carbon sources consumed by denitrification can be reduced.
5) Because the ammonia nitrogen part in the sewage is removed by anaerobic ammonia oxidation, only the rest ammonia nitrogen needs aerobic nitrification, and the energy consumption of system operation is saved;
6) the biomembrane reactor has high biological quantity, high load and low sludge production, and can reduce the sludge disposal cost.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples: as shown in fig. 1, 1 is a raw water tank; 2 is a methane-producing membrane bioreactor; 3 is a short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; 4 is a short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; 5 is a nitration reactor; 1.1 is a raw water tank overflow pipe; 1.2 is a raw water tank emptying pipe; 2.1 is a methane-producing membrane bioreactor water inlet pump; 2.2 is a water inlet valve of the methane-producing membrane bioreactor; 2.3 is a sampling port; 2.4 is granular sludge; 2.5 is a hollow fiber membrane; 2.6 is a circulating liquid water pump; 2.7 is a circulating liquid control valve; 2.8 is a water outlet pipe of the methanogenic membrane bioreactor; 2.9 is the exhaust port of the three-phase separator; 3.1 is a water inlet pump of the short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; 3.2 is a water inlet valve of the short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; 3.3 is a water outlet pipe of the short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; 4.1 is a water inlet pump of the shortcut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; 4.2 is a water inlet valve of the shortcut nitrification anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor; 4.3 is an aeration head; 4.4 is an air compressor; 4.5 is a gas flowmeter; 4.6 is a gas quantity regulating valve; 4.7 is a water outlet pipe of the shortcut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; 5.1 is an internal reflux valve of the nitrified liquid; 5.2 is an internal reflux pump of the nitrified liquid; 5.3 is a water inlet pump of the nitration reactor; 5.4 is a water inlet valve of the nitration reactor; 5.5 is a water outlet pipe of the nitration reactor.
The experiment adopts artificial water distribution as raw water, and the specific water quality is as follows: the COD concentration is 200-400mg/L, and the average concentration is 350 mg/L; NH (NH)4 +-N concentration is 30-83mg/L, average 50 mg/L; NO2 --N≤0.5mg/L,NO3 -N is less than or equal to 0.5 mg/L. The test system is shown in figure 1, each reactor is made of organic glass, and the volume of the reactor is 3L.
The specific operation is as follows:
1) starting the system: inoculating methane-producing granular sludge with good activity and adding the methane-producing granular sludge into a methane-producing membrane bioreactor; inoculating short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge with good activity, and adding the sludge into a denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; inoculating short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonium oxidation granular sludge with good activity and adding the sludge into a short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor; inoculating granular sludge with good nitrification activity, and feeding the granular sludge into a nitrification reactor, wherein the sludge concentration after the inoculation of the four reactors is 15 g/L.
2) The runtime adjustment operation is as follows:
2.1) the hydraulic retention time of the methanogenic membrane bioreactor is 3 h;
2.2) the residence time of the short-cut denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is 1h, and the COD/NO of the inlet water3 --N is 3-5;
2.3) the hydraulic retention time of the partial nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor is 1h, and the DO concentration is 0.2-0.5 mg/L;
2.4) the hydraulic retention time of the nitration reactor is 1h, and the DO concentration is 2-4 mg/L;
2.5) the internal reflux ratio of the nitrifying liquid is 300 percent, when the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in effluent of the system is more than 10mg/L, the internal reflux ratio of the nitrifying liquid is improved, and when the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in effluent of the system is less than 5mg/L, the internal reflux ratio of the nitrifying liquid is reduced.
The test result shows that: after the operation is stable, the COD concentration of the effluent of the system is 20-40 mg/L, and the average concentration is 30 mg/L; NH (NH)4 +-N concentration 0-3 mg/L, average 1.5 mg/L; NO2 --N concentration is 0-1mg/L, average 0.2 mg/L; NO3 -The concentration of N is 0-8 mg/L, and the average is 7.5 mg/L.