CN109164672B - Multi-scale imaging system field-of-view splicing calculation method based on concentric spherical lens - Google Patents
Multi-scale imaging system field-of-view splicing calculation method based on concentric spherical lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN109164672B CN109164672B CN201810946621.7A CN201810946621A CN109164672B CN 109164672 B CN109164672 B CN 109164672B CN 201810946621 A CN201810946621 A CN 201810946621A CN 109164672 B CN109164672 B CN 109164672B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a field splicing calculation method of a multi-scale imaging system based on a concentric ball lens, which comprises the following steps: when the fields of view of the adjacent detectors are overlapped, calculating the distance between the central fields of view of the adjacent detectors; when the optical system has field overlap, calculating the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle of the adjacent micro-cameras relative to the center of the ball lens according to the field distance of the centers of the adjacent detectors; and adjusting the size of the overlapped area of the visual fields of the optical system according to the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle. The method provided by the invention can control the size of the overlapping area of the view field according to the requirement, and avoids the problems that the image splicing cannot be realized due to the over-small overlapping area and the view field is wasted due to the over-large overlapping area in the view field splicing process, so that the design difficulty and the processing cost are increased; meanwhile, the number of the micro-cameras can be effectively reduced by adopting the calculation method provided by the invention, the cost is reduced, and the feasibility of the whole system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical imaging, and particularly relates to a field splicing calculation method for a multi-scale imaging system based on a concentric ball lens.
Background
With the continuous development of the spatial technology, people more and more urgently want to acquire rich scene information in a large view field, so that the real-time acquisition of the large view field and high-resolution spatial image information is particularly important. For a traditional optical imaging system, the total information amount is determined by the number of pixels of a detector, once the total information amount is determined, the field of view and the resolution become a pair of contradictory parameters, namely, the field of view and the resolution of the imaging system cannot be simultaneously improved.
At present, on the premise of ensuring high resolution, a method for realizing a large field of view mostly adopts a micro-camera array imaging method based on a concentric ball lens, and the method adopts a secondary imaging mode. Firstly, a concentric ball lens is used as a main mirror, and images with consistent field resolution of each field are obtained by utilizing the rotational symmetry characteristic of the concentric ball lens, so that primary imaging is carried out. Then, the micro-camera array is arranged around the main mirror, and the aberration of all positions in the field of view is further corrected; meanwhile, the micro-camera array carries out secondary imaging on a primary image surface formed by the main mirror, and the adjacent fields of view are overlapped. And finally, splicing by a plane detector to realize large-field imaging.
However, when the method performs secondary imaging on a primary image plane formed by the concentric ball lens by using the micro-camera array, the size of an overlapping area between adjacent view fields is difficult to control, the overlapping area is too small, image splicing cannot be realized, the overlapping area is too large, waste of the view fields is caused, and design difficulty and processing cost are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a field splicing calculation method for a multi-scale imaging system based on a concentric ball lens, and the technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
a field splicing calculation method for a multi-scale imaging system based on a concentric ball lens comprises the following steps:
when the fields of view of the adjacent detectors are overlapped, calculating the distance between the central fields of view of the adjacent detectors;
when the optical system has field overlap, calculating the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle of the adjacent micro-cameras relative to the center of the ball lens according to the field distance of the centers of the adjacent detectors;
and adjusting the size of the overlapped area of the visual fields of the optical system according to the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the central fields of view of the adjacent detectors is:
wherein, a represents the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent detector, B represents the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent detector, l represents the imaging distance, α represents the field angle of the single detector in the first direction, β represents the field angle of the single detector in the second direction, a represents the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-camera, and B represents the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-camera.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras and the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras are respectively:
wherein a represents the first direction distance of the central visual field of the adjacent micro-cameras, b represents the second direction distance of the central visual field of the adjacent micro-cameras, h represents the center distance of the adjacent micro-cameras, l represents the imaging distance, and d represents the distance from the micro-cameras to the center of the ball lens.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the minimum opening angle and the maximum opening angle are respectively:
θmax＝max(α,β)
wherein, thetaminRepresenting the minimum opening angle, theta, of adjacent micro-cameras with respect to the center of the ball lensmaxDenotes a maximum opening angle of adjacent micro-cameras with respect to the center of the ball lens, max () denotes a maximum value, α denotes an angle of view of a single detector in a first direction, β denotes an angle of view of a single detector in a second direction, D denotes a micro-camera package rear aperture, and D denotes a micro-camera to ball lens center distance.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after the adjusting the size of the overlapping area of the fields of view of the optical system, the method further includes: and calculating the number of the micro-cameras.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the microphotograph quantity model is:
wherein Z represents the number of micro-cameras, A represents the first direction distance of the central fields of view of the adjacent detectors, B represents the second direction distance of the central fields of view of the adjacent detectors, M represents the effective field length of the first direction, and N represents the effective field length of the second direction.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the effective field of view length of the micro-camera is:
wherein M represents the effective field length of the first direction, N represents the effective field length of the second direction, a represents the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras, b represents the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras, h represents the central distance of the adjacent micro-cameras, l represents the imaging distance, and d represents the central distance from the micro-cameras to the ball lens.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, the minimum opening angle and the maximum opening angle of the adjacent micro-cameras relative to the center of the ball lens are calculated, the relative positions of the adjacent micro-cameras can be adjusted according to requirements, and then the size of the overlapping area of the view field is adjusted, so that the problems that image splicing cannot be achieved due to the fact that the overlapping area is too small in the view field splicing process, the view field is wasted due to the fact that the overlapping area is too large, and design difficulty and processing cost are increased are solved.
(2) According to the method, by establishing the model of the effective field length and the number of the micro cameras, the number of the micro cameras can be effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the imaging precision, the defects that the micro cameras are too large in array size and weight and are not beneficial to being installed on tracking equipment are overcome, the cost is reduced, and the feasibility of the whole system is improved.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a field-of-view stitching calculation method for a multi-scale imaging system based on a concentric ball lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention with overlapping fields of view;
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of the simplified rear micro-cameras with their fields of view just overlapping according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of overlapping fields of view of the miniature cameras according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic diagram of a simplified detector according to an embodiment of the present invention with overlapping corresponding fields of view;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optical imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a field-of-view stitching calculation method of a multi-scale imaging system based on a concentric ball lens according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides a field splicing calculation method of a multi-scale imaging system based on a concentric ball lens, which comprises the following steps:
when the fields of view of adjacent detectors are overlapped, the central field of view distance of the adjacent detectors is calculated.
In the process of realizing a large field of view through detector splicing, the field of view overlapping area of the detector changes along with the change of the field of view overlapping area of the micro-camera. To ensure that there is an overlap of fields of view for adjacent microphases, the microphase array may be arranged in a hexagonal geometry, as shown in fig. 2. To simplify the operation, the arrangement of 3 adjacent micro-cameras can be analyzed, as shown in fig. 3-5.
Defining the full field angle of the micro-camera as omega0The length of the visual field of the micro-camera is as follows:
where l denotes an imaging distance.
When the fields of view of adjacent micro-cameras are exactly overlapped, the first direction distance of the central fields of view of the adjacent micro-cameras is defined as a0The distance between the central visual fields of adjacent micro cameras in the second direction is b0Namely:
wherein a represents the first direction distance of the central visual field of the adjacent micro-cameras, b represents the second direction distance of the central visual field of the adjacent micro-cameras, h represents the center distance of the adjacent micro-cameras, l represents the imaging distance, and d represents the center distance of the micro-cameras from the ball lens.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the distances a < a in the first direction of the central viewing fields of the adjacent micro-cameras0The distance b of the central visual field of the adjacent micro-cameras in the second direction is less than b0When the micro cameras are arranged in the image processing system, the fields of view of the adjacent micro cameras are overlapped, and the overlapping area of the fields of view of the adjacent micro cameras is gradually increased as a and b are gradually reduced.
Defining the field angle of a single detector as alpha multiplied by beta, and the field range of the single detector is as follows:
wherein the single detector field of view can be viewed as a superposition of the single detector field of view α in the first direction and the single detector field of view β in the second direction
And the length of the field of view of the single detector in the second direction
And (4) stacking.
When the fields of view of adjacent detectors are overlapped, the distance between the central fields of view of adjacent detectors is as follows:
wherein, a represents the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent detector, B represents the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent detector, l represents the imaging distance, α represents the field angle of the detector in the first direction, β represents the field angle of the detector in the second direction, a represents the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-camera, and B represents the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-camera.
When the fields of view of the adjacent micro-cameras are just overlapped, defining the first direction distance of the central fields of view of the adjacent micro-cameras as A0The distance between the central visual fields of adjacent micro cameras in the second direction is B0，
When adjacent detectors center field of view first direction distance
A distance in the second direction of
The fields of view of adjacent detectors overlap exactly.
In the process of calculating the view field overlap, only whether the view fields on the narrow sides can be overlapped or not is needed to be considered, namely, the central view field distance in the direction with the smaller field angle of the single detector is needed to be considered, and if the view fields on the narrow sides can be overlapped, the view fields on the wide sides can be overlapped certainly. Therefore, the sizes of alpha and beta need to be judged in the calculation process, and when the alpha is less than the beta, the first direction distance of the central view field of the adjacent detector is considered; when alpha is larger than beta, the distance of the second direction of the central visual fields of the adjacent detectors is considered; when α ═ β, both are considered possible.
When the distance of the first direction of the central view field of the adjacent detectors is larger than the distance of the first direction of the central view field of the adjacent micro-camera or the distance of the second direction of the central view field of the adjacent detectors is larger than the distance of the second direction of the central view field of the adjacent micro-camera, the adjacent detectors have the view field overlap.
When the optical systems have field overlap, the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle of the adjacent micro-cameras relative to the center of the spherical lens are calculated according to the field distance of the centers of the adjacent detectors.
The size of the overlapping area of the fields of view of the optical system needs to be determined according to the size of the overlapping area of the fields of view of the adjacent detectors. When the micro-cameras are closely arranged, the center distance h between the adjacent micro-cameras is approximately equal to the aperture D of the packaged micro-cameras, namely h is approximately equal to D.
As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, when there is a field overlap in the optical system according to the object-image relationship of the ball lens system, the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle of the adjacent micro-cameras with respect to the center of the ball lens are respectively:
θmax＝max(α,β)
wherein, thetaminRepresenting the minimum opening angle, theta, of adjacent micro-cameras with respect to the center of the ball lensmaxDenotes a maximum opening angle of adjacent micro-cameras with respect to the center of the ball lens, max () denotes a maximum value, α denotes an angle of view of a single detector in a first direction, β denotes an angle of view of a single detector in a second direction, D denotes a micro-camera package rear aperture, and D denotes a micro-camera to ball lens center distance.
When the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle of the adjacent micro-cameras relative to the center of the ball lens are determined, the size of the overlapping area of the visual fields of the optical system is adjusted by adjusting the relative positions of the adjacent micro-cameras according to the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, when the packaged aperture D of the micro-camera is 14mm, the distance D between the micro-camera and the center of the ball lens is 175.9mm, and the imaging distance l is 2km, the micro-camera and the ball lens can be obtained by substituting the above processes, the opening angle of the adjacent micro-camera to the center of the ball lens is 4.5614 degrees < theta < 6.4829 degrees, and the relative position of the adjacent micro-camera is adjusted through mechanical processing and later-stage assembly, so that the adjustment of the size of the overlapped region of the view fields is realized.
Example two
On the basis of the embodiment, the number of the micro-cameras is calculated according to the field angle of a single detector, and the number of the micro-cameras is effectively reduced on the premise of ensuring the precision.
The number of the micro-cameras is as follows:
wherein Z represents the number of micro-cameras, A represents the first direction distance of the central fields of view of the adjacent detectors, B represents the second direction distance of the central fields of view of the adjacent detectors, M represents the effective field length of the first direction, and N represents the effective field length of the second direction.
The effective field length of the micro-camera is as follows:
wherein M represents the effective field length of the first direction, N represents the effective field length of the second direction, a represents the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras, b represents the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras, h represents the central distance of the adjacent micro-cameras, l represents the imaging distance, and d represents the central distance from the micro-cameras to the ball lens.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the field angle of a single detector is 120 degrees × 90 degrees and the imaging distance is 2km, the range of the obtained imaging field is 7km × 4km, and the required number of the micro-cameras is
Then according to the corresponding parameters, the method comprises the following steps: distance d from micro-camera to center of ball lensAnd the imaging distance l and the center distance h of the adjacent micro-cameras are substituted into the formula, and the number of the micro-cameras is calculated. On the premise of ensuring the imaging precision, the number of the micro-cameras is reduced to the minimum, the cost is saved, and the feasibility of the whole system is improved.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should be construed as belonging to the protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A field splicing calculation method for a multi-scale imaging system based on a concentric ball lens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the fields of view of the adjacent detectors are overlapped, calculating the distance between the central fields of view of the adjacent detectors;
when the optical system has field overlap, calculating the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle of the adjacent micro-cameras relative to the center of the ball lens according to the field distance of the centers of the adjacent detectors;
and adjusting the size of the overlapped area of the visual fields of the optical system according to the minimum field angle and the maximum field angle.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjacent detector center field of view distances are:
wherein, a represents the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent detector, B represents the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent detector, l represents the imaging distance, α represents the field angle of the single detector in the first direction, β represents the field angle of the single detector in the second direction, a represents the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-camera, and B represents the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-camera.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first directional distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras and the second directional distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras are respectively:
wherein a represents the first direction distance of the central visual field of the adjacent micro-cameras, b represents the second direction distance of the central visual field of the adjacent micro-cameras, h represents the center distance of the adjacent micro-cameras, l represents the imaging distance, and d represents the distance from the micro-cameras to the center of the ball lens.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum opening angle and the maximum opening angle are respectively:
θmax＝max(α,β)
wherein, thetaminRepresenting the minimum opening angle, theta, of adjacent micro-cameras with respect to the center of the ball lensmaxRepresenting the maximum field angle of adjacent micro-cameras to the center of the ball lens, D representing the micro-camera package back aperture, D representing the micro-camera to ball lens center distance, max () representing the maximum value, α representing the field angle of the single detector in the first direction, β representing the field angle of the single detector in the second direction.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the adjusting the size of the overlapping area of the optical system fields of view: and calculating the number of the micro-cameras.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the number of micro-cameras is:
wherein Z represents the number of the micro-cameras, A represents the distance of the first direction of the central field of view of the adjacent detectors, B represents the distance of the second direction of the central field of view of the adjacent detectors, M represents the length of the effective field of view of the micro-cameras in the first direction, and N represents the length of the effective field of view of the micro-cameras in the second direction.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the effective field of view length in the first direction of the micro-camera and the effective field of view length in the second direction of the micro-camera are respectively:
wherein M represents the effective field length of the micro-camera in the first direction, N represents the effective field length of the micro-camera in the second direction, a represents the first direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras, b represents the second direction distance of the central field of view of the adjacent micro-cameras, h represents the central distance of the adjacent micro-cameras, l represents the imaging distance, and d represents the central distance from the micro-cameras to the ball lens.
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