CN109143351A - Prestack anisotropic character parameter inversion method and computer readable storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of prestack anisotropic character parameter inversion method and computer readable storage medium.This method may include: to obtain reflection coefficient based on prestack seismic gather；Prestack Simultaneous Inversion is carried out for earthquake data before superposition, obtains velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and the density of top dielectric and layer dielectric respectively；Velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density based on reflection coefficient, top dielectric and layer dielectric carry out inverting according to Anisotropic parameters inversion formula, obtain the anisotropic parameters of top dielectric and layer dielectric.It converts on the basis of Ruger formula, potential is contacted with reflect between formation anisotropy parameter and fracture development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic data interpretation, in particular to a prestack anisotropic characteristic parameter inversion method and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
Predicting cracks based on the azimuthal anisotropy AVO characteristics of longitudinal wave data is one of the more economical and feasible methods at present. The Zoeppritz equation is used as a theoretical basis of AVO technology, and gives a reflection and refraction rule of plane wave propagation in a horizontal layered medium, but because the form is complex, a determined physical meaning is difficult to give, and therefore, the relationship between the amplitude coefficient and the medium parameter is difficult to express visually. Therefore, many experts and scholars approximately simplify the Zoeppritz equation to obtain various approximate formulas such as Aki, Shuey, Hilterman and the like, but all of the approximate formulas are based on isotropic media. As the problem of formation anisotropy is more and more emphasized, it is a necessary trend to discuss the influence of anisotropy parameters on reflection coefficients.
In 1977, Dely and Hron discussed precise expressions of reflection and transmission coefficients at the interface between two layers of transversely isotropic media. In 1987, Wright analyzed the effect of anisotropy in transversely isotropic media on reflection and refraction at interfaces. In the same year, Banik discusses the physical significance of the anisotropy parameters in transversely isotropic media and the effect of the anisotropy parameters on the reflection and transmission coefficients at the interface. In 1993, Kim establishes a model with anisotropic shale as an upper layer and isotropic gas-containing sandstone as a lower layer, and analyzes the influence of anisotropy at an interface on the P wave reflection coefficient. Ruder in 1996 developed an approximate expression of the reflection coefficient of longitudinal waves in a transversely isotropic medium with weak anisotropy. In 1998, Vavrycuk V and Psencik I give approximate expressions of the longitudinal wave reflection coefficient in any anisotropic medium as a function of the incident angle and the azimuth angle. Previous studies have shown that the AVO analysis under the assumption of isotropic media models is severely affected by the anisotropy of the media.
In 1998, Ruger gives a derivation of inversion quasi-anisotropic parameters and fracture azimuth angles based on the Ruger formula, and uses the quasi-anisotropic parameters to represent fracture development density, thereby realizing fracture prediction (R ü ger A. variation of P-wave reflection and azimuth in an anisotropic medium [ J ]. Geophysics,1998,63(3): 935) 947. 2004, Gray gives an application example of fracture prediction according to prestack azimuth gather data, provides ideas and technical flows for predicting fractures by using seismic orientation anisotropy AVO characteristics, 2005, Zhumega forest et al studies an inversion method of longitudinal wave orientation anisotropy of fracture medium, derives an inversion formula based on the Ruger formula and uses a model to verify the inversion method of longitudinal wave orientation anisotropy of fracture medium, 2009, Shopeng et al studies a formula and uses a model to verify the inversion method of fracture density in a fracture medium, develops a new inversion method of fracture orientation, and a new inversion method of fracture orientation analysis of fracture orientation is necessary, and a new inversion method of inversion parameters is developed by exploring a model, thus, a new inversion method of inversion parameters of inversion method of fracture orientation is necessary for developing a new inversion method for solving the problems of fracture orientation.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a prestack anisotropic characteristic parameter inversion method and a computer readable storage medium, which can be transformed on the basis of Ruger formula to reflect the potential relation between the formation anisotropic parameters and the fracture development.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for inverting pre-stack anisotropy characteristic parameters is provided. The method may include: obtaining a reflection coefficient based on the pre-stack seismic gather; performing prestack simultaneous inversion on prestack seismic data to respectively obtain longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of an upper medium and a lower medium; and performing inversion according to an anisotropic parameter inversion formula based on the reflection coefficient, the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium to obtain anisotropic parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
Preferably, obtaining the reflection coefficient based on the prestack seismic gather comprises: dividing the prestack seismic gather into a plurality of azimuth gathers; converting the plurality of azimuth gathers into a plurality of incident angle gathers based on a velocity model; reflection coefficients are extracted for each incident angle gather along the target layer.
Preferably, the performing prestack simultaneous inversion on the prestack seismic data to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium respectively includes: performing prestack simultaneous inversion on the prestack seismic data to obtain a longitudinal wave velocity volume, a transverse wave velocity volume and a density volume; dividing a target layer into the upper medium and the lower medium, respectively selecting a time window from the upper medium and the lower medium, extracting a longitudinal wave velocity body, a transverse wave velocity body and a density body corresponding to the time window, and respectively calculating root-mean-square of the corresponding longitudinal wave velocity body, transverse wave velocity body and density body as the longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of the upper medium and the lower medium.
Preferably, the anisotropy parameter inversion formula is:
wherein R ispRepresenting the reflection amplitude, i the angle of incidence, phi the azimuth angle, delta the coefficient of variation of the longitudinal wave, delta(V)Represents the difference of the coefficients of change of longitudinal waves of the medium of the upper and lower layers, epsilon represents the parameter of anisotropy of the longitudinal waves, and delta epsilon(V)Represents the difference between the longitudinal wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media, gamma represents the transverse wave anisotropy parameter, and delta gamma represents the difference between the transverse wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media,represents the longitudinal wave velocity, Δ α represents the difference between the longitudinal wave velocities of the upper and lower layers of medium,the velocity of the transverse wave is shown,showing the wave impedance when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident, deltaz showing the wave impedance difference when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident,represents the tangential modulus of the shear wave, and Δ G represents the tangential modulus difference of the shear wave.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: and calculating the difference between the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium based on the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
According to another aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is proposed, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the program realizes the following steps when executed by a processor: obtaining a reflection coefficient based on the pre-stack seismic gather; performing prestack simultaneous inversion on prestack seismic data to respectively obtain longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of an upper medium and a lower medium; and performing inversion according to an anisotropic parameter inversion formula based on the reflection coefficient, the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium to obtain anisotropic parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
Preferably, obtaining the reflection coefficient based on the prestack seismic gather comprises: dividing the prestack seismic gather into a plurality of azimuth gathers; converting the plurality of azimuth gathers into a plurality of incident angle gathers based on a velocity model; reflection coefficients are extracted for each incident angle gather along the target layer.
Preferably, the performing prestack simultaneous inversion on the prestack seismic data to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium respectively includes: performing prestack simultaneous inversion on the prestack seismic data to obtain a longitudinal wave velocity volume, a transverse wave velocity volume and a density volume; dividing a target layer into the upper medium and the lower medium, respectively selecting a time window from the upper medium and the lower medium, extracting a longitudinal wave velocity body, a transverse wave velocity body and a density body corresponding to the time window, and respectively calculating root-mean-square of the corresponding longitudinal wave velocity body, transverse wave velocity body and density body as the longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of the upper medium and the lower medium.
Preferably, the anisotropy parameter inversion formula is:
wherein R ispRepresenting the reflection amplitude, i the angle of incidence, phi the azimuth angle, delta the coefficient of variation of the longitudinal wave, delta(V)Represents the difference of the coefficients of change of longitudinal waves of the medium of the upper and lower layers, epsilon represents the parameter of anisotropy of the longitudinal waves, and delta epsilon(V)Represents the difference between the longitudinal wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media, gamma represents the transverse wave anisotropy parameter, and delta gamma represents the difference between the transverse wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media,represents the longitudinal wave velocity, Δ α represents the difference between the longitudinal wave velocities of the upper and lower layers of medium,the velocity of the transverse wave is shown,showing the wave impedance when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident, deltaz showing the wave impedance difference when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident,represents the tangential modulus of the shear wave, and Δ G represents the tangential modulus difference of the shear wave.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can be used for stably inverting to obtain the change rate of the anisotropic parameters and further obtain the anisotropic parameter distribution of the reservoir, wherein the strength of the anisotropic parameters corresponds to the fracture development strength of the reservoir, and the stronger the anisotropy is, the more the fracture develops and the stronger the strength of the anisotropic parameters is. Thus, for unconventional isofracture-type hydrocarbon reservoirs, the favorable sweet spot of the reservoir may be qualitatively indicated using anisotropic parameters.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a method for pre-stack anisotropic feature parameter inversion according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a prestack gather, according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, and 3e respectively illustrate schematic views of azimuth gathers of 0-50 degrees, 20-70 degrees, 60-110 degrees, 80-130 degrees, and 130-180 degrees according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a velocity model according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, and 5e respectively illustrate schematic views of angle of incidence gathers of azimuth gathers of 0-50 degrees, 20-70 degrees, 60-110 degrees, 80-130 degrees, and 130-180 degrees, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a reflection amplitude slice according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7a, 7b show schematic diagrams of density slices of an upper and lower layer medium, respectively, according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8a and 8b are schematic diagrams respectively illustrating the longitudinal wave velocity of the upper and lower layer media according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9a, 9b, 9c show schematic diagrams of an anisotropy parameter delta property slice, an anisotropy parameter epsilon property slice, and an anisotropy parameter gamma property slice, respectively, according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a method for pre-stack anisotropic feature parameter inversion according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the method for inverting the pre-stack anisotropy characteristic parameter according to the present invention may include:
step 101, obtaining a reflection coefficient based on a prestack seismic gather; in one example, obtaining the reflection coefficients based on the prestack seismic gathers comprises: dividing the prestack seismic gather into a plurality of azimuth gather sets, and stacking the azimuth gather sets to obtain a super gather; taking the root mean square velocity as a velocity model, carrying out angle analysis on the super gather to obtain an incidence angle range, averagely dividing the incidence angle into a plurality of small surface elements, and respectively carrying out superposition to obtain a plurality of incidence angle gathers; reflection coefficients are extracted for each incident angle gather along the target layer, and one skilled in the art can divide the surface elements and superimpose them to obtain the incident angle gathers according to the specific situation.
Specifically, in order to obtain a reflection coefficient including an incident angle and an azimuth, a prestack gather needs to be divided into different narrow azimuth gather data, for the different azimuth gather data, the gather data is converted into incident angle gather data based on a velocity model, and finally, the reflection coefficient extracted along a target layer includes information of the incident angle and the azimuth.
102, performing prestack simultaneous inversion on prestack seismic data to respectively obtain longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of an upper medium and a lower medium; in one example, performing prestack simultaneous inversion on prestack seismic data to obtain longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of an upper medium and a lower medium respectively comprises: performing pre-stack simultaneous inversion on the pre-stack seismic data to obtain a longitudinal wave velocity volume, a transverse wave velocity volume and a density volume; the method comprises the steps of taking a target horizon with obviously changed wave impedance as a boundary, such as the boundary between a coal bed and a sand layer and the boundary between sandstone and limestone, wherein the wave impedance is obviously changed due to different media, wherein the upper layer of the boundary is an upper layer of medium, the lower layer of the boundary is a lower layer of medium, a time window is respectively selected from the upper layer of medium and the lower layer of medium, the time window comprising a plurality of groups of adjacent seismic event axes is selected by combining the actual geological condition of a work area, and a person skilled in the art can select the time window comprising the seismic event axes according to the specific condition. And extracting the longitudinal wave velocity body, the transverse wave velocity body and the density body corresponding to the time window, and respectively calculating the root mean square of the longitudinal wave velocity body, the transverse wave velocity body and the density body corresponding to the time window to be used as the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper-layer medium and the lower-layer medium.
And 103, performing inversion according to an anisotropic parameter inversion formula based on the reflection coefficient, the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium to obtain anisotropic parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
In one example, the anisotropy parameter inversion formula is:
wherein R ispRepresenting the reflection amplitude, i the angle of incidence, phi the azimuth angle, delta the coefficient of variation of the longitudinal wave, delta(V)Represents the difference of the coefficients of change of longitudinal waves of the medium of the upper and lower layers, epsilon represents the parameter of anisotropy of the longitudinal waves, and delta epsilon(V)Represents the difference between the longitudinal wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media, gamma represents the transverse wave anisotropy parameter, and delta gamma represents the difference between the transverse wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media,represents the longitudinal wave velocity, Δ α represents the difference between the longitudinal wave velocities of the upper and lower layers of medium,the velocity of the transverse wave is shown,showing the wave impedance when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident, deltaz showing the wave impedance difference when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident,represents the tangential modulus of the shear wave, and Δ G represents the tangential modulus difference of the shear wave.
Specifically, the formula of the anisotropy parameter inversion is shown as formula (1), and the linear relationship between the reflection coefficient of the seismic record of the N incident angle gathers and the incident angle and the azimuth angle can be represented by the following linear equation system, namely formula (2):
Ax＝b (2)
wherein,
in formula (2), the anisotropy parameter to be solved is represented by a matrix x, the coefficient matrix a is the azimuth angle and incident angle information of each incident angle gather, and the matrix b contains a constant matrix of reflection coefficient information. By solving equation (2), the anisotropy parameter matrix x can be obtained.
In actual processing, equation (2) is mostly an over-determined equation, which can be solved by using the least square method, and the solution is that x is equal to (a)TA)-1ATb when ATWhen A is a sick matrix, the generalized inverse of matrix A can be solved by singular value decomposition to solve vector x. And (3) substituting the reflection coefficient, the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium into a formula (2) to obtain the anisotropic parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
In one example, further comprising: and based on the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium, further calculating the difference between the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
The method can be used for stably inverting to obtain the change rate of the anisotropic parameters and further obtain the anisotropic parameter distribution of the reservoir, wherein the strength of the anisotropic parameters corresponds to the fracture development strength of the reservoir, and the stronger the anisotropy is, the more the fracture develops and the stronger the strength of the anisotropic parameters is. Thus, for unconventional isofracture-type hydrocarbon reservoirs, the favorable sweet spot of the reservoir may be qualitatively indicated using anisotropic parameters.
Application example
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a prestack gather, according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, and 3e respectively illustrate schematic views of azimuth gathers of 0-50 degrees, 20-70 degrees, 60-110 degrees, 80-130 degrees, and 130-180 degrees according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a velocity model according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, and 5e respectively illustrate schematic views of angle of incidence gathers of azimuth gathers of 0-50 degrees, 20-70 degrees, 60-110 degrees, 80-130 degrees, and 130-180 degrees, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a reflection amplitude slice according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7a, 7b show schematic diagrams of density slices of an upper and lower layer medium, respectively, according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8a and 8b are schematic diagrams respectively illustrating the longitudinal wave velocity of the upper and lower layer media according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9a, 9b, 9c show schematic diagrams of an anisotropy parameter delta property slice, an anisotropy parameter epsilon property slice, and an anisotropy parameter gamma property slice, respectively, according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the prestack gather is divided into different narrow azimuth gather data, 0-50 degrees, 20-70 degrees, 60-110 degrees, 80-130 degrees and 130-180 degrees azimuth gathers are respectively extracted, as shown in fig. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d and 3e, for different azimuth gathers, the seismic reflection event axis of the target horizon is changed with different azimuths based on the velocity model shown in fig. 4, as shown in fig. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d and 5e, and then reflection amplitude slices are extracted from the incidence angle gather data of the different azimuth gathers, as shown in fig. 6, that is, reflection coefficients including the incidence angle and azimuth information are obtained.
Performing pre-stack simultaneous inversion on the pre-stack seismic data to obtain a longitudinal wave velocity volume, a transverse wave velocity volume and a density volume; the target layer is divided into an upper medium and a lower medium, a time window is selected from the upper medium and the lower medium, a longitudinal wave velocity body, a transverse wave velocity body and a density body corresponding to the time window are extracted, root-mean-square of the longitudinal wave velocity body, the transverse wave velocity body and the density body corresponding to the time window are calculated respectively, and the root-mean-square is used as the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium, and as shown in fig. 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b, the difference between the physical properties of the upper medium and the lower medium is obvious.
The reflection coefficient, the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium are substituted into the formula (2), and the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium are obtained, as shown in fig. 9a, 9b and 9c, wherein the anisotropy parameter delta is a longitudinal wave variation coefficient and represents the degree of anisotropic change of the longitudinal wave in the vertical direction, the anisotropy parameter epsilon is longitudinal wave anisotropy and is a parameter for measuring the quasi-longitudinal wave anisotropic strength, and the anisotropy parameter gamma is transverse wave anisotropy and is a parameter for measuring the quasi-transverse wave anisotropy or the transverse wave splitting strength. The distribution of the attribute abnormal values can be found to be basically consistent with the fault trend, and the development of cracks can be presumed to exist at the position where the difference value of the anisotropic parameters of the upper and lower layer interfaces is larger.
In summary, the invention can stably invert to obtain the change rate of the anisotropic parameters and further obtain the anisotropic parameter distribution of the reservoir, wherein the strength of the anisotropic parameters corresponds to the fracture development strength of the reservoir, and the stronger the anisotropy is, the more the fracture develops, the stronger the strength of the anisotropic parameters. Thus, for unconventional isofracture-type hydrocarbon reservoirs, the favorable sweet spot of the reservoir may be qualitatively indicated using anisotropic parameters.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program when executed by a processor implements the steps of: obtaining a reflection coefficient based on the pre-stack seismic gather; performing prestack simultaneous inversion on prestack seismic data to respectively obtain longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of an upper medium and a lower medium; and performing inversion according to an anisotropic parameter inversion formula based on the reflection coefficient, the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium to obtain the anisotropic parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
In one example, obtaining the reflection coefficients based on the prestack seismic gathers comprises: dividing the prestack seismic gather into a plurality of azimuth gathers; converting the plurality of azimuth gathers into a plurality of incident angle gathers based on a velocity model; reflection coefficients are extracted for each incident angle gather along the target layer.
In one example, performing prestack simultaneous inversion on prestack seismic data to obtain longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of an upper medium and a lower medium respectively comprises: performing pre-stack simultaneous inversion on the pre-stack seismic data to obtain a longitudinal wave velocity volume, a transverse wave velocity volume and a density volume; dividing the target layer into an upper medium and a lower medium, respectively selecting a time window from the upper medium and the lower medium, extracting a longitudinal wave velocity body, a transverse wave velocity body and a density body corresponding to the time window, and respectively calculating the root mean square of the corresponding longitudinal wave velocity body, transverse wave velocity body and density body to be used as the longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of the upper medium and the lower medium.
In one example, the anisotropy parameter inversion formula is:
wherein R ispRepresenting the reflection amplitude, i the angle of incidence, phi the azimuth angle, delta the coefficient of variation of the longitudinal wave, delta(V)Represents the difference of the coefficients of change of longitudinal waves of the medium of the upper and lower layers, epsilon represents the parameter of anisotropy of the longitudinal waves, and delta epsilon(V)Represents the difference between the longitudinal wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media, gamma represents the transverse wave anisotropy parameter, and delta gamma represents the difference between the transverse wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media,represents the longitudinal wave velocity, Δ α represents the difference between the longitudinal wave velocities of the upper and lower layers of medium,the velocity of the transverse wave is shown,showing the wave impedance when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident, deltaz showing the wave impedance difference when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident,represents the tangential modulus of the shear wave, and Δ G represents the tangential modulus difference of the shear wave.
In one example, further comprising: and based on the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium, further calculating the difference between the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
The method can be used for stably inverting to obtain the change rate of the anisotropic parameters and further obtain the anisotropic parameter distribution of the reservoir, wherein the strength of the anisotropic parameters corresponds to the fracture development strength of the reservoir, and the stronger the anisotropy is, the more the fracture develops and the stronger the strength of the anisotropic parameters is. Thus, for unconventional isofracture-type hydrocarbon reservoirs, the favorable sweet spot of the reservoir may be qualitatively indicated using anisotropic parameters.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A pre-stack anisotropy characteristic parameter inversion method comprises the following steps:
obtaining a reflection coefficient based on the pre-stack seismic gather;
performing prestack simultaneous inversion on prestack seismic data to respectively obtain longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of an upper medium and a lower medium;
and performing inversion according to an anisotropic parameter inversion formula based on the reflection coefficient, the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium to obtain anisotropic parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
2. The method of prestack anisotropic feature parameter inversion of claim 1, wherein obtaining reflection coefficients based on prestack seismic gathers comprises:
dividing the prestack seismic gather into a plurality of azimuth gathers;
converting the plurality of azimuth gathers into a plurality of incident angle gathers based on a velocity model;
reflection coefficients are extracted for each incident angle gather along the target layer.
3. The method for inverting prestack anisotropic characteristic parameters according to claim 1, wherein the performing prestack simultaneous inversion on the prestack seismic data to obtain the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity, and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium respectively comprises:
performing prestack simultaneous inversion on the prestack seismic data to obtain a longitudinal wave velocity volume, a transverse wave velocity volume and a density volume;
dividing a target layer into the upper medium and the lower medium, respectively selecting a time window from the upper medium and the lower medium, extracting a longitudinal wave velocity body, a transverse wave velocity body and a density body corresponding to the time window, and respectively calculating root-mean-square of the corresponding longitudinal wave velocity body, transverse wave velocity body and density body as the longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of the upper medium and the lower medium.
4. The method of prestack anisotropic feature parameter inversion according to claim 1, wherein the anisotropic parameter inversion formula is:
wherein R ispRepresenting the reflection amplitude, i the angle of incidence, phi the azimuth angle, delta the coefficient of variation of the longitudinal wave, delta(V)Longitudinal waves representing upper and lower layers of mediumThe difference between the coefficients of variation, ε represents the parameter of anisotropy of longitudinal wave, + ε(V)Represents the difference between the longitudinal wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media, gamma represents the transverse wave anisotropy parameter, and delta gamma represents the difference between the transverse wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media,represents the longitudinal wave velocity, Δ α represents the difference between the longitudinal wave velocities of the upper and lower layers of medium,the velocity of the transverse wave is shown,showing the wave impedance when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident, deltaz showing the wave impedance difference when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident,represents the tangential modulus of the shear wave, and Δ G represents the tangential modulus difference of the shear wave.
5. The method for inverting prestack anisotropic feature parameters according to claim 1, further comprising: and calculating the difference between the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium based on the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the program realizes the following steps when executed by a processor:
obtaining a reflection coefficient based on the pre-stack seismic gather;
performing prestack simultaneous inversion on prestack seismic data to respectively obtain longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of an upper medium and a lower medium;
and performing inversion according to an anisotropic parameter inversion formula based on the reflection coefficient, the longitudinal wave velocity, the transverse wave velocity and the density of the upper medium and the lower medium to obtain anisotropic parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
7. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 6, wherein obtaining reflection coefficients based on the pre-stack seismic gathers comprises:
dividing the prestack seismic gather into a plurality of azimuth gathers;
converting the plurality of azimuth gathers into a plurality of incident angle gathers based on a velocity model;
reflection coefficients are extracted for each incident angle gather along the target layer.
8. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 6, wherein the performing pre-stack simultaneous inversion on the pre-stack seismic data to obtain compressional velocity, shear velocity, and density of the upper and lower layers of media, respectively, comprises:
performing prestack simultaneous inversion on the prestack seismic data to obtain a longitudinal wave velocity volume, a transverse wave velocity volume and a density volume;
dividing a target layer into the upper medium and the lower medium, respectively selecting a time window from the upper medium and the lower medium, extracting a longitudinal wave velocity body, a transverse wave velocity body and a density body corresponding to the time window, and respectively calculating root-mean-square of the corresponding longitudinal wave velocity body, transverse wave velocity body and density body as the longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and density of the upper medium and the lower medium.
9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 6, wherein the anisotropic parametric inversion formula is:
wherein R ispRepresenting the reflection amplitude, i the angle of incidence, phi the azimuth angle, delta the coefficient of variation of the longitudinal wave, delta(V)Represents the difference between the coefficients of change of longitudinal waves of the upper and lower layers of medium, and ε representsParameter of anisotropy of longitudinal wave, Δ ε(V)Represents the difference between the longitudinal wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media, gamma represents the transverse wave anisotropy parameter, and delta gamma represents the difference between the transverse wave anisotropy parameters of the upper and lower layer media,represents the longitudinal wave velocity, Δ α represents the difference between the longitudinal wave velocities of the upper and lower layers of medium,the velocity of the transverse wave is shown,showing the wave impedance when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident, deltaz showing the wave impedance difference when the longitudinal wave is vertically incident,represents the tangential modulus of the shear wave, and Δ G represents the tangential modulus difference of the shear wave.
10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 6, further comprising: and calculating the difference between the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium based on the anisotropy parameters of the upper medium and the lower medium.
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