CN109136295B - Method for biologically synthesizing glutaric acid - Google Patents
Method for biologically synthesizing glutaric acid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for biologically synthesizing glutaric acid, wherein the synthesis route comprises 5 enzymes which are respectively as follows: lysine decarboxylase (cadA), pentanediamine transaminase (patA), 5-aminopentanoate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (patD), 5-aminopentanoate transaminase (gabT), and glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (gabD). The genes encoded by these enzymes are expressed in a host, and as a result, a production host capable of producing glutaric acid using lysine is obtained. The gene is introduced into a lysine high-producing strain, so that the de novo synthesis of glutaric acid is realized. The invention also discloses a method for enhancing the production of glutaric acid, which promotes the transfer of extracellular intermediates to cells by co-expressing a pentanediamine transporter and a 5-aminopentanoic acid transporter in engineering bacteria, so that the production of glutaric acid is more efficient. The method has a great application prospect in the industrial production of glutaric acid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a method for producing glutaric acid by a biological method, and further relates to a method for accelerating the production of glutaric acid by co-expressing a pentanediamine transporter and a 5-aminopentanoic acid transporter in engineering bacteria.
Background
Glutaric acid (1,5-pentanedioic acid, glutamate) is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having the formula C5H8O4Molecular weight 132.11, structural formula:
is easily dissolved in water, ethanol, ether, etc., and has a solubility in water of 430 g.L-1. Among all dicarboxylic acids, glutaric acid has the lowest melting point of 95-98 ℃, which is a good property that makes it more suitable for use as the C5 dicarboxylic acid building block in important polymers such as nylon-4, 5 and nylon-5, 5. And which is also 1,5-pentanediThe alcohol precursor, 1, 5-pentanediol, is a common plasticizer used as a flux activator and a pharmaceutical intermediate. Therefore, the glutaric acid has important application value in the fields of medicine and chemical synthesis.
Glutaric acid is chemically synthesized in many ways, and can be industrially recovered from byproducts of adipic acid production, and can be prepared in laboratories by a series of chemical reactions using gamma-butyrolactone, dihydropyran, glutaronitrile, cyclohexanone, etc. as substrates. However, the glutaric acid synthesized by the traditional chemical method has the defects of high cost, serious pollution, high requirement on operation conditions and the like. The existing glutaric acid biosynthesis pathway also has the defects of low yield, low conversion rate and the like. Therefore, the development of a new glutaric acid biosynthesis method has very important significance for synthesizing high polymer such as polyamide, polyurethane and the like.
The invention mainly aims to realize the high-efficiency synthesis of preparing glutaric acid by a biological method. The enzyme with higher catalytic efficiency is screened to realize the production of glutaric acid, and a new metabolic pathway is also artificially designed to realize the de novo synthesis of glutaric acid. In addition, the invention also discloses a method for co-expressing a pentanediamine transporter and a 5-aminopentanoic acid transporter to accelerate the production of glutaric acid. The experimental result shows that under the optimized condition, the engineering strain can produce 3.74 +/-0.06 g/L and 8.60 +/-0.11 g/L glutaric acid in the shake flask by utilizing lysine or glucose.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a host for highly producing glutaric acid, and the transformation of glutaric acid from lysine is realized by efficiently expressing enzymes in a primary or modified bacterium and fungus in a way of efficiently producing glutaric acid, preferably lysine decarboxylase cadA, pentanediamine transaminase patA, 5-aminopentanoate semialdehyde dehydrogenase patD, 5-aminopentanoate transaminase gabT and glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gabD which are derived from bacteria, fungi or protein engineering, and efficiently expressing the enzymes in the host.
The other purpose of the invention is to select the pentanediamine transporter and the 5-aminopentanoic acid transporter for carrying out the transport regulation of the intermediate product, solve the problem that the intermediate product is accumulated in a large amount in the fermentation liquor and can not be utilized again, and obtain remarkable effect.
It is yet another object of the present invention to achieve efficient synthesis of glutaric acid from glucose, a simple carbon source, by enhancing the synthesis of the precursor lysine.
In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides a host capable of producing glutaric acid, a transformed host for producing the glutaric acid by overexpressing genes in the synthetic pathway of glutaric acid in original or modified bacterial, fungal cells.
The invention also provides a method for producing glutaric acid by microorganisms, which comprises the following steps: the first method is to add lysine in vitro, introduce genes encoding lysine decarboxylase cadA, pentanediamine transaminase patA, 5-aminopentanoate semialdehyde dehydrogenase patD, 5-aminopentanoate transaminase gabT and glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gabD into original or modified bacteria and fungal cells, and perform fermentation. Sampling from the fermentation liquor, and analyzing the concentrations of the intermediate product and the target product by using high performance liquid chromatography; the second method is de novo synthesis of glutaric acid, enhanced synthesis of precursor lysine, culturing host producing glutaric acid overnight, transferring into fermentation medium, and measuring concentration of intermediate product and target product by high performance liquid chromatography.
The invention also provides a method for producing glutaric acid with high yield by microorganisms, which comprises the following steps: firstly, the expression intensity of each module is regulated through modularization optimization, and the yield of glutaric acid is stabilized and improved. And secondly, the co-expression of the pentanediamine transporter and the 5-aminopentanoic acid transporter is used for carrying out the transport regulation of the intermediate product, so that the transport of the intermediate product from outside to inside is accelerated, the problem of extracellular accumulation of the intermediate product is solved, and a remarkable effect is achieved. Finally, the yield of glutaric acid added in vitro and synthesized de novo respectively reaches 3.74 +/-0.06 g/L and 8.60 +/-0.11 g/L.
As mentioned above, the present invention relates to a process for the efficient production of glutaric acid, said process being characterized in that: the high-efficiency de-heading synthesis of glutaric acid is realized by overexpressing related enzymes in a pathway for high-efficiency production of glutaric acid in original or modified bacteria and fungal cells, and co-expressing a pentanediamine transporter and a 5-aminopentanoic acid transporter.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the action mechanism of producing glutaric acid by using genetically engineered bacteria;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of modular optimization results; BM1 BW (pSA-cadA, pCS-patAD-gabTD)
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of increasing the production of glutaric acid by co-expressing the pentanediamine transporter potE and the 5-aminopentanoate transporter gabP; BM2 BW (pSA-cadA-potE, pCS-patAD-gabTDP)
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the de novo synthesis of glutaric acid using genetic engineering; BM3 BW (pSA-cadA-potE, pCS-patAD-gabTDP, pZE-lysA-dapB-lysCfbr)
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
in the present invention, there is no special requirement for the type of expression plasmid, and it is considered that the construction method for expressing the target gene in escherichia coli can adopt various methods commonly used in the art, for example, the target gene is connected to a vector after enzyme digestion treatment, and will not be described again.
In the following examples, the E.coli strains Trans5 α and BW25113 were all commonly used E.coli strains, and commercially available, wherein Trans5 α was used for vector construction and BW25113 was used as a fermentation strain.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
Modular optimization of glutaric acid production strains
Selecting lysine decarboxylase cadA, pentanediamine transaminase patA, 5-aminopentanoate semialdehyde dehydrogenase patD, 5-aminopentanoate transaminase gabT and glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gabD from escherichia coli, carrying out PCR to obtain a gene fragment, carrying out double digestion on the fragment and a vector by using endonuclease, carrying out gel recovery or column recovery on the digested fragment, and then respectively inserting a target gene into plasmids pZE12-luc (high copy), pCS27 (medium copy) and pSA74 (low copy). Regulating the expression level of the gene, detecting the accumulation conditions of a target product and an intermediate product, and modularly optimizing a host strain to obtain pSA-cadA and pCS-patAD-gabTD recombinant plasmids (Table 1).
Competent cells were prepared by electroporation and 100. mu.L of EP tube in 1.5mL was dispensed for transformation. The constructed recombinant plasmid pSA-cadA 2. mu.L and pCS-patAD-gabTD 2. mu.L were added to a 1.5mL centrifuge tube containing 100. mu.L of competent cells, and mixed well. The plasmid is then electrotransferred into competent cells using an electrotransfer instrument. After the electrotransfer was completed, LB medium was added and the mixture was transferred to a 1.5mL centrifuge tube and allowed to resuscitate for 30-60 min. Then, the bacterial suspension was applied to a plate containing antibiotics and cultured overnight at 37 ℃. The strain BM1: BW (pSA-cadA, pCS-patAD-gabTD) for producing glutaric acid was prepared.
Fermentation of modularly optimized strains
Single colonies were picked from the plates of the glutaric acid-producing strain BM1, inoculated in 4mL of liquid LB with resistance, cultured at 37 ℃ for 10 hours, and then the culture broth was transferred to 50mL of fermentation medium, induced by addition of 0.25-1mM IPTG, and added with lysine as a substrate. Samples were then taken at 12,24,48,72h and the concentrations of intermediate and target products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The final yield is shown in FIG. 2.
Specific example 2
Co-expression of the pentanediamine transporter potE, 5-aminopentanoate transporter gabP for accelerating glutaric acid synthesis
The method comprises the steps of selecting potE derived from Escherichia coli, 5-aminopentanoate transporter gabP, obtaining fragments through PCR, then carrying out endonuclease digestion on the fragments and a vector, carrying out gel recovery or column recovery on the fragments after the endonuclease digestion, and then inserting target genes of potE and gabP into plasmids pSA-cadA and pCS-patAD-gabTD to obtain pSA-cadA-potE and pCS-patAD-gabTDP recombinant plasmids (Table 1).
Competent cells were prepared by electroporation and 100. mu.L of EP tube in 1.5mL was dispensed for transformation. mu.L each of the constructed recombinant plasmids pSA-cadA-potE and pCS-patAD-gabTDP was added to a 1.5mL centrifuge tube containing 100. mu.L of competent cells, and mixed well. The plasmid is then electrotransferred into competent cells using an electrotransfer instrument. After the electrotransfer was completed, LB medium was added and the mixture was transferred to a 1.5mL centrifuge tube and allowed to resuscitate for 30-60 min. Then, the bacterial suspension was applied to a plate containing antibiotics and cultured overnight at 37 ℃. The strain BM2: BW (pSA-cadA-potE, pCS-patAD-gabTDP) for producing glutaric acid was prepared.
Fermentation of BW (pSA-cadA-potE, pCS-gabTD-gabTDP)
A single colony was picked from a plate of glutaric acid-producing strain BM2, inoculated into 4mL of liquid LB with resistance, cultured at 37 ℃ for 10 hours, and then the bacterial solutions were transferred to 50mL of fermentation medium, induced by adding 0.25-1mM of IPTG, and added with lysine as a substrate. Samples were then taken at 12,24,48,72h and the concentrations of intermediate and glutaric acid determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The final yield is shown in FIG. 3.
Specific example 3
Construction of metabolic pathway for de novo synthesis of glutaric acid by engineered strains
After the synthesis of glutaric acid by the biotransformation of lysine has been effected, the upstream lysine flux-enhancing enzymes lysA, dapB, lysCfbrThe de novo synthesis of glutaric acid was achieved. Obtaining a gene fragment by PCR, then carrying out endonuclease digestion on the fragment and the vector, carrying out gel recovery or column recovery on the digested fragment, and then inserting the target gene into a plasmid pZE12-luc to obtain pZE-lysA-dapB-lysCfbr(Table 1).
Competent cells were prepared by electroporation and 100. mu.L of EP tube in 1.5mL was dispensed for transformation. The constructed recombinant plasmid pZE-lysA-dapB-lysC was usedfbrmu.L of the mixture was added to a 1.5mL centrifuge tube containing 100. mu.L of competent cells and mixed well. The plasmid is then electrotransferred into competent cells using an electrotransfer instrument. After the electrotransfer was completed, LB medium was added and the mixture was transferred to a 1.5mL centrifuge tube and allowed to resuscitate for 30-60 min. Then, the bacterial suspension was applied to a plate containing antibiotics and cultured overnight at 37 ℃. The strain BM3, BW (pSA-cadA-potE, pCS-patAD-gabTDP, pZE-lysA-dapB-lysC) prepared to produce glutaric acidfbr)。
BW(pSA-cadA-potE,pCS-patAD-gabTDP,pZE-lysA-dapB-lysCfbr) Fermentation of
A single colony was picked from a plate of glutaric acid-producing strain BM3, inoculated into 4mL of liquid LB with resistance, cultured at 37 ℃ for 10 hours, and then the bacterial solution was transferred to 50mL of fermentation medium with resistance, induced by adding 0.25-1mM of IPTG, and added with lysine as a substrate. Samples were then taken at 12,24,48,72h and the concentrations of intermediate and glutaric acid determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The final yield is shown in FIG. 4.
TABLE 1 strains and plasmids
Claims (1)
1. A method for biosynthesis of glutaric acid, comprising: simultaneously expressing an upstream pathway and a downstream pathway, wherein the upstream pathway is used for realizing the synthesis of precursor lysine; the downstream pathway is to express genes coding lysine decarboxylase cadA, pentanediamine transaminase patA, 5-aminopentanoate semialdehyde dehydrogenase patD, 5-aminopentanoate transaminase gabT and glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gabD in downstream escherichia coli; and co-expressing 5-aminopentanoate transporter GabP and putrescine, ornithine antiporter PotE; at this time, GabP transports the intermediate 5-aminopentanoic acid from the outside to the inside as an internal transprotein, while PotE preferentially transports the intermediate pentanediamine from the outside to the inside as an internal transprotein, thereby accelerating the production of glutaric acid.
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| CN112226398B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-08-30 | 江南大学 | Recombinant escherichia coli for efficiently producing glutaric acid and construction method thereof |
| CN115261293B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2024-02-02 | 北京化工大学 | Genetically engineered bacterium for producing hydroxy adipic acid |
| CN115404192B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2024-10-08 | 北京化工大学 | Engineering bacteria for synthesizing 5-amino-1-pentanol and 1, 5-pentanediol and application thereof |
| CN115109805A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-09-27 | 东华大学 | Method for preparing 5-amino-1-pentanol by microorganisms |
| CN114921502B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-20 | 东华大学 | Glutaric acid production method for feedback regulation and control of nitrogen source flow based on microorganism physiological parameters |
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| CN106367445A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-01 | 南京工业大学 | Method for producing glutaric acid by whole-cell biocatalysis |
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