CN109111456B - 一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YOLNUNVVUJULQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J iridium;tetrachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ir] YOLNUNVVUJULQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- -1 hydroxy, amino, mercapto Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Phenylpyridine Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- PMNPSCJVKKSJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diphenyl-2,3-di(propan-2-yl)guanidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=NC(C)C)NC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PMNPSCJVKKSJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQRCTQVBZYBPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 189363-47-1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC(=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C13)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MQRCTQVBZYBPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YFGXSEOSZBOLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-di(propan-2-yl)benzenecarboximidamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=NC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFGXSEOSZBOLAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- VPYOROSRDYVFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,8-tetraphenylquinoxaline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=NC(=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N=C11)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VPYOROSRDYVFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MABOIYXDALNSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-methylpyrido[3,4-b]indole Chemical class C1=NC=C2N(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 MABOIYXDALNSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JREPLUAOJPRKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridine Chemical class N1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 JREPLUAOJPRKMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYABUWLMFQFJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]benzothiolo[2,3-c]pyridine Chemical class N1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 XYABUWLMFQFJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001194 electroluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001748 luminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,尤其涉及一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用。本发明制得的高发光效率的铱配合物,能够通过调整杂原子的位置和类型,大范围的调节发射光的颜色。此外,不同颜色发光材料的制备方法基本相同,操作简单。此类铱配合物的主配体具有相同的骨架结构,仅仅因为杂原子在主配体上的位置不同和杂原子种类不同,能够在蓝绿光和绿光波长范围内调节配合物的发光颜色。本发明的这类新型铱配合物具有高的发光效率和热稳定性,可应用于OLED照明和显示。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,尤其涉及一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(英文名OrganicLightEmittingDiode,简称OLED)是一种由有机材料薄膜组成的固态器件,它可以将电能转化为光能。由于它具有自发光、清晰亮丽、轻薄、响应速度快、视角宽、低功耗、适用温度范围大、制造工艺简单等特点,OLED已经成为平板显示和照明领域的研究热点之一。
发光材料是OLED器件的核心材料之一。有机发光材料经过多年的开发,已经从实验室走向消费品市场。大量的研究表明,铱(III)配合物具有热稳定好,激发态寿命短,发光效率高的特点。铱(III)配合物磷光材料是电致发光领域的研究热点。
应用于OLED全彩显示,一般必须同时得到性能优异的红色、绿色和蓝色OLED器件。目前被广泛应用的绿色铱磷光材料主要是采用苯吡啶(PPY)作为主配体。这类材料具有很好的发光效率,比如(PPY)3Ir配合物制作的器件最大发射峰在514nm附近,目前报道的最大外量子效率已经高达21.7%。通过修饰苯吡啶配体调节发射光波长,材料稳定性等性质。
以不同于PPY的配体为主配体的磷光材料还比较缺乏。开发含有新型的主配体结构的绿色磷光材料,不仅可以丰富绿光材料的种类,也对开发更为高效和稳定的绿光材料具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物,其结构式如下:
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10和R11各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2、CR12R13NR14R15或CF3的任意一种;R12、R13、R14、R15各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2或CF3的任意一种;
X为O、S、Se、NR16、CR17R18、SiR19R20或GeR21R22;其中R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2或CF3的任意一种;
(L^Z)为辅助配体,其与上述结构式中左侧的主配体相同或不同;
m>0,且m为整数;n≥0,且n为整数。
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11和X,任意相邻的两个基团连接形成环状基团,形成的环状基团可以包含一个或者多个杂原子。
进一步,R5和R6连接形成-(Y)-的桥基,所述的Y为O、S、Se或NR23;其中,R23为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、硅烷基、卤素或CF3的任意一种。
进一步,R5和R6连接形成-(AR24R25)z-的桥基;其中,R24和R25各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2或CF3的任意一种;所述的A为C、Si或Ge;z>0,且z为整数。
进一步,所述的辅助配体(L^Z)为乙酰丙酮、2-吡啶甲酸、2-苯基吡啶、2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酸、(E)-N,N'-二异丙基苯甲脒或(Z)-2,3-二异丙基-1,1-二苯基胍的任意一种。
优选地,上述的铱配合物,其结构式分别为:
本发明的第二个目的在于提供上述铱配合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将原料Ⅰ和原料Ⅱ通过C-N偶联反应,得到主配体;
(2)在氮气保护下,将主配体溶于乙二醇单乙醚中,加入水合三氯化铱和去离子水,加热反应得到铱氯桥配合物;
(3)在碱性条件下,将铱氯桥配合物与辅助配体加热回流反应,得到铱磷光材料;
其中,所述的原料Ⅰ为1H-吲哚;
所述的原料Ⅱ为卤代苯并呋喃并[2,3-c]吡啶、卤代苯并噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶或卤代9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;
所述的辅助配体(L^Z)为二齿配体,其与上述结构式中左侧的主配体相同,或者为乙酰丙酮、2-吡啶甲酸、2-苯基吡啶、2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酸、(E)-N,N'-二异丙基苯甲脒、(Z)-2,3-二异丙基-1,1-二苯基胍中的任意一种。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述铱配合物作为电致发光材料,在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明制得的高发光效率的铱配合物,能够通过调整杂原子的位置和类型,大范围的调节发射光的颜色。此外,不同颜色发光材料的制备方法基本相同,操作简单。此类铱配合物的主配体具有相同的骨架结构,仅仅因为杂原子在主配体上的位置不同和杂原子种类不同,能够在蓝绿光和绿光波长范围内调节配合物的发光颜色。本发明的这类新型铱配合物具有高的发光效率和热稳定性,可应用于OLED照明和显示。
附图说明
图1为有机电致发光材料的OLED结构示意图;
图2为应用例1-3的发光光谱分析图;
图中,1、玻璃衬底;2、阳极层;3、空穴注入层;4、空穴传输层;5、发光层;6、电子传输层;7、电子注入层;8、阴极层。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
铱配合物Ir6的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)制备主配体
(2)合成氯桥二聚体
(3)目标物合成
实施例2
铱配合物Ir7的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)制备主配体
(2)合成氯桥二聚体
(3)目标物合成
实施例3
铱配合物Ir8的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)制备主配体
(2)合成氯桥二聚体
(3)目标物合成
如图1所示,有机电致发光器件(OLED)的结构包括依次层叠结合的玻璃衬底1、阳极层2、空穴注入层3、空穴传输层4、发光层5、电子传输层6、电子注入层7和阴极层8。将本发明制得的铱磷光材料应用在OLED的发光层中,表1为应用例1-3的OLED各层成分组成。
表1
应用例1
在玻璃底衬1上沉积一层厚度为100nm的氧化铟锡(ITO)作为透明阳极层2;在透明阳极层2上真空蒸镀厚度为10nm的NPB(N,N’-二(1-萘基)-N,N’-二苯基-1,1’-联苯-4-4’-二胺)空穴传输材料作为空穴注入层3,其中掺杂质量比3%的F4-TCNQ(2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7',8,8'-四氰二甲基对苯醌);空穴注入层3上为一层厚度为100nm的spiro-TAD(2,2',7,7'-四(二苯基氨基)-9,9'-螺双芴)作为空穴传输层4;在空穴传输层4上真空蒸镀一层厚度为40nmCBP(4,4’-N,N’-二咔唑基联苯)作为发光层5,其中掺杂有6wt%铱配合物Ir6;再在发光层5上依次真空蒸镀一层厚度为30nm的TPQ(2,3,5,8-四苯基喹喔啉)作为电子传输层6、厚度为1nm的Liq作为电子注入层7,最后在电子注入层7上采用真空蒸镀膜沉积技术沉积厚度为100nm的金属铝(Al)作为器件的阴极层8。
经性能测试获知,该器件的电致发光光谱的最大发光波长位于511nm,颜色为绿色,最大外量子效率为15%。
应用例2
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度40nm的CBP(4,4’-N,N’-二咔唑基联苯),其中掺杂有6wt%铱配合物Ir7。
经性能测试获知,该器件的电致发光光谱的最大发光波长位于517nm,颜色为绿色,最大外量子效率为14%。
应用例3
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度40nm的CBP(4,4’-N,N’-二咔唑基联苯),其中掺杂有6wt%铱配合物Ir8。
经性能测试获知,该器件的电致发光光谱的最大发光波长位于493nm,颜色为蓝绿色,最大外量子效率为11%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
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