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CN109111456B - 一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN109111456B
CN109111456B CN201710488817.1A CN201710488817A CN109111456B CN 109111456 B CN109111456 B CN 109111456B CN 201710488817 A CN201710488817 A CN 201710488817A CN 109111456 B CN109111456 B CN 109111456B
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陈跃
丰佩川
胡灵峰
杨阳
王林
王鹏程
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Yantai Xianhua Photoelectric Material Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,尤其涉及一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用。本发明制得的高发光效率的铱配合物,能够通过调整杂原子的位置和类型,大范围的调节发射光的颜色。此外,不同颜色发光材料的制备方法基本相同,操作简单。此类铱配合物的主配体具有相同的骨架结构,仅仅因为杂原子在主配体上的位置不同和杂原子种类不同,能够在蓝绿光和绿光波长范围内调节配合物的发光颜色。本发明的这类新型铱配合物具有高的发光效率和热稳定性,可应用于OLED照明和显示。

Description

一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机光电材料技术领域,尤其涉及一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(英文名OrganicLightEmittingDiode,简称OLED)是一种由有机材料薄膜组成的固态器件,它可以将电能转化为光能。由于它具有自发光、清晰亮丽、轻薄、响应速度快、视角宽、低功耗、适用温度范围大、制造工艺简单等特点,OLED已经成为平板显示和照明领域的研究热点之一。
发光材料是OLED器件的核心材料之一。有机发光材料经过多年的开发,已经从实验室走向消费品市场。大量的研究表明,铱(III)配合物具有热稳定好,激发态寿命短,发光效率高的特点。铱(III)配合物磷光材料是电致发光领域的研究热点。
应用于OLED全彩显示,一般必须同时得到性能优异的红色、绿色和蓝色OLED器件。目前被广泛应用的绿色铱磷光材料主要是采用苯吡啶(PPY)作为主配体。这类材料具有很好的发光效率,比如(PPY)3Ir配合物制作的器件最大发射峰在514nm附近,目前报道的最大外量子效率已经高达21.7%。通过修饰苯吡啶配体调节发射光波长,材料稳定性等性质。
以不同于PPY的配体为主配体的磷光材料还比较缺乏。开发含有新型的主配体结构的绿色磷光材料,不仅可以丰富绿光材料的种类,也对开发更为高效和稳定的绿光材料具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物,其结构式如下:
Figure BDA0001331108100000021
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10和R11各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2、CR12R13NR14R15或CF3的任意一种;R12、R13、R14、R15各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2或CF3的任意一种;
X为O、S、Se、NR16、CR17R18、SiR19R20或GeR21R22;其中R16、R17、R18、R19、R20、R21、R22各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2或CF3的任意一种;
(L^Z)为辅助配体,其与上述结构式中左侧的主配体相同或不同;
m>0,且m为整数;n≥0,且n为整数。
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11和X,任意相邻的两个基团连接形成环状基团,形成的环状基团可以包含一个或者多个杂原子。
进一步,R5和R6连接形成-(Y)-的桥基,所述的Y为O、S、Se或NR23;其中,R23为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、硅烷基、卤素或CF3的任意一种。
进一步,R5和R6连接形成-(AR24R25)z-的桥基;其中,R24和R25各自独立的为氢、氘、取代或非取代烷基、环烷基、羟基、氨基、巯基、烯基、炔基、取代或非取代芳基、取代或非取代杂芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基、胺基、硅烷基、卤素、CN、SCN、NO2或CF3的任意一种;所述的A为C、Si或Ge;z>0,且z为整数。
进一步,所述的辅助配体(L^Z)为乙酰丙酮、2-吡啶甲酸、2-苯基吡啶、2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酸、(E)-N,N'-二异丙基苯甲脒或(Z)-2,3-二异丙基-1,1-二苯基胍的任意一种。
优选地,上述的铱配合物,其结构式分别为:
Figure BDA0001331108100000031
Figure BDA0001331108100000041
本发明的第二个目的在于提供上述铱配合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将原料Ⅰ和原料Ⅱ通过C-N偶联反应,得到主配体;
(2)在氮气保护下,将主配体溶于乙二醇单乙醚中,加入水合三氯化铱和去离子水,加热反应得到铱氯桥配合物;
(3)在碱性条件下,将铱氯桥配合物与辅助配体加热回流反应,得到铱磷光材料;
其中,所述的原料Ⅰ为1H-吲哚;
所述的原料Ⅱ为卤代苯并呋喃并[2,3-c]吡啶、卤代苯并噻吩并[2,3-c]吡啶或卤代9-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚;
所述的辅助配体(L^Z)为二齿配体,其与上述结构式中左侧的主配体相同,或者为乙酰丙酮、2-吡啶甲酸、2-苯基吡啶、2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酸、(E)-N,N'-二异丙基苯甲脒、(Z)-2,3-二异丙基-1,1-二苯基胍中的任意一种。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述铱配合物作为电致发光材料,在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明制得的高发光效率的铱配合物,能够通过调整杂原子的位置和类型,大范围的调节发射光的颜色。此外,不同颜色发光材料的制备方法基本相同,操作简单。此类铱配合物的主配体具有相同的骨架结构,仅仅因为杂原子在主配体上的位置不同和杂原子种类不同,能够在蓝绿光和绿光波长范围内调节配合物的发光颜色。本发明的这类新型铱配合物具有高的发光效率和热稳定性,可应用于OLED照明和显示。
附图说明
图1为有机电致发光材料的OLED结构示意图;
图2为应用例1-3的发光光谱分析图;
图中,1、玻璃衬底;2、阳极层;3、空穴注入层;4、空穴传输层;5、发光层;6、电子传输层;7、电子注入层;8、阴极层。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
铱配合物Ir6的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)制备主配体
Figure BDA0001331108100000051
(2)合成氯桥二聚体
Figure BDA0001331108100000061
(3)目标物合成
Figure BDA0001331108100000062
实施例2
铱配合物Ir7的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)制备主配体
Figure BDA0001331108100000063
(2)合成氯桥二聚体
Figure BDA0001331108100000064
(3)目标物合成
Figure BDA0001331108100000071
实施例3
铱配合物Ir8的合成,反应方程式如下:
(1)制备主配体
Figure BDA0001331108100000072
(2)合成氯桥二聚体
Figure BDA0001331108100000073
(3)目标物合成
Figure BDA0001331108100000074
如图1所示,有机电致发光器件(OLED)的结构包括依次层叠结合的玻璃衬底1、阳极层2、空穴注入层3、空穴传输层4、发光层5、电子传输层6、电子注入层7和阴极层8。将本发明制得的铱磷光材料应用在OLED的发光层中,表1为应用例1-3的OLED各层成分组成。
表1
Figure BDA0001331108100000081
应用例1
在玻璃底衬1上沉积一层厚度为100nm的氧化铟锡(ITO)作为透明阳极层2;在透明阳极层2上真空蒸镀厚度为10nm的NPB(N,N’-二(1-萘基)-N,N’-二苯基-1,1’-联苯-4-4’-二胺)空穴传输材料作为空穴注入层3,其中掺杂质量比3%的F4-TCNQ(2,3,5,6-四氟-7,7',8,8'-四氰二甲基对苯醌);空穴注入层3上为一层厚度为100nm的spiro-TAD(2,2',7,7'-四(二苯基氨基)-9,9'-螺双芴)作为空穴传输层4;在空穴传输层4上真空蒸镀一层厚度为40nmCBP(4,4’-N,N’-二咔唑基联苯)作为发光层5,其中掺杂有6wt%铱配合物Ir6;再在发光层5上依次真空蒸镀一层厚度为30nm的TPQ(2,3,5,8-四苯基喹喔啉)作为电子传输层6、厚度为1nm的Liq作为电子注入层7,最后在电子注入层7上采用真空蒸镀膜沉积技术沉积厚度为100nm的金属铝(Al)作为器件的阴极层8。
经性能测试获知,该器件的电致发光光谱的最大发光波长位于511nm,颜色为绿色,最大外量子效率为15%。
应用例2
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度40nm的CBP(4,4’-N,N’-二咔唑基联苯),其中掺杂有6wt%铱配合物Ir7。
经性能测试获知,该器件的电致发光光谱的最大发光波长位于517nm,颜色为绿色,最大外量子效率为14%。
应用例3
与应用例1相同,与应用例1不同之处在于:发光层5为厚度40nm的CBP(4,4’-N,N’-二咔唑基联苯),其中掺杂有6wt%铱配合物Ir8。
经性能测试获知,该器件的电致发光光谱的最大发光波长位于493nm,颜色为蓝绿色,最大外量子效率为11%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物,其特征在于,其结构式如下:
Figure FDA0002622473770000011
2.一种权利要求1所述铱配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)将原料Ⅰ和原料Ⅱ通过C-N偶联反应,得到主配体;
(2)在氮气保护下,将主配体溶于乙二醇单乙醚中,加入水合三氯化铱和去离子水,加热反应得到铱氯桥配合物;
(3)在碱性条件下,将铱氯桥配合物与乙酰丙酮加热回流反应,得到铱配合物;
其中,所述的原料Ⅰ为1H-吲哚;
所述的原料Ⅱ为
Figure FDA0002622473770000012
3.一种权利要求1所述铱配合物作为电致发光材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
CN201710488817.1A 2017-06-23 2017-06-23 一类用作磷光材料的铱配合物、其制备方法及应用 Active CN109111456B (zh)

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