CN109080170B - A kind of continuous fiber composite material shell manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a continuous fiber composite material shell. The manufacturing process is as follows: (1) A motion module drives a thermoplastic material extrusion mechanism to print a core mold on a printing platform according to a pre-designed structure, and the core mold is provided with The resin flow channel aligned with the liquid hole; (2) The motion module drives the winding mechanism and the printing platform to wind the dried continuous fibers on the printed mandrel according to the designed path to obtain the preform; (3) The film coating mechanism covers the vacuum film On the continuous fiber preform, the resin flow channel at the lower part of the preform is connected to the liquid hole and the continuous fiber area, the resin flow channel at the upper part of the preform is connected to the continuous fiber area, and the top is provided with a resin guide port; (4) Pump the resin liquid When the resin liquid tank is full, the vacuum pump of the vacuum auxiliary unit is started, and the resin liquid is gradually uploaded from the bottom of the continuous fiber preform to the top; (5) After the resin is cured, remove the structural parts from the printing platform and reset each module. The whole working process Finish.

Description

A kind of continuous fiber composite material shell manufacturing method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of continuous fiber composite material manufacturing, in particular to a method for manufacturing a continuous fiber composite material shell.

Background technique

As a strategic material developed by the country, carbon fiber has excellent characteristics such as high strength, high stiffness, low specific gravity, friction and wear resistance, and recyclability. It is a new generation of high-performance and lightweight advanced materials. Composite materials made of it It has important application prospects in the fields of automobile and ship, aerospace, rail transit, medical equipment and so on. However, traditional carbon fiber composite structural parts face the challenges of complex manufacturing process, long production cycle, often requiring molds and difficult to achieve complex structure manufacturing. For the manufacture of single-variety and small-batch structural parts, especially the manufacture of single-piece structures, opening up new molds will undoubtedly lead to an increase in production cycle and manufacturing costs.

The 3D printing technology that has emerged in recent years is considered to be one of the most suitable technologies for the manufacture of individualized structural parts. Some researchers have applied it to the manufacture of continuous carbon fiber composite materials. For example, the patent document with the application number of ZL2014103256503 discloses a continuous long fiber reinforced composite material 3D printer and its printing method, which does not require pre-customized molds and pre-processing in the process. At the same time, the 3D printing method is used to better and more conveniently control the direction of the reinforcing fibers in the manufactured parts, and it is easier to obtain composite parts with customized mechanical properties. Enables rapid manufacturing of composite parts with complex structures. Another example is the patent document with the publication number CN107127972A, which discloses a continuous fiber reinforced composite material additive manufacturing nozzle and a printer, which consists of an outer nozzle and an inner nozzle. The vertical distance between the outlet of the outer nozzle and the outlet of the outer nozzle can be adjusted, which can control the centering of the fiber composite material, improve the molding quality, and realize the additive manufacturing of continuous fiber reinforced composite materials.

The above method and device focus on solving the problem of how to realize the mixing and printing of continuous carbon fiber thermoplastic materials, but due to the layered process characteristics of additive manufacturing technology, the mechanical properties of continuous fiber composite materials in the printing direction are poor; in addition, printing Structural parts are also affected by the properties of the thermoplastic material matrix, and their mechanical properties are still far behind the structural parts manufactured by the traditional continuous carbon fiber composite manufacturing process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a continuous fiber composite material shell manufacturing method, which combines three-dimensional printing technology with filament winding technology and vacuum-assisted impregnation technology to realize rapid manufacturing of high-strength and complex continuous fiber composite material shell structures.

A method for manufacturing a continuous fiber composite material shell, and the adopted continuous fiber composite material shell manufacturing equipment includes:

frame;

a motion module, mounted on the rack;

Thermoplastic material extrusion unit and winding mechanism, driven by motion module;

Printing platform, including:

Resin tank, open top, driven by motion module;

The forming support plate seals the top surface of the resin liquid tank, a plurality of liquid passage holes are distributed on the surface, and the back of the liquid passage holes is connected with a liquid conduit extending into the resin liquid tank;

Impregnation module, including:

a resin supply unit for supplying resin to the resin tank;

Laminating mechanism, which coats the dry continuous fiber preform;

Vacuum auxiliary unit, which provides vacuum suction for the resin guide port on the continuous fiber preform;

The manufacturing process is as follows:

(1) The motion module drives the thermoplastic material extrusion mechanism to print a core mold according to a pre-designed structure on the printing platform, and the core mold is provided with a resin flow channel aligned with the liquid-passing hole;

(2) The motion module drives the winding mechanism and the printing platform to wind the dry continuous fibers on the printed mandrel according to the designed path to obtain the preform;

(3) The film coating mechanism covers the vacuum film on the continuous fiber preform, the resin flow channel in the lower part of the preform is connected through the liquid hole and the continuous fiber area, the resin flow channel in the upper part of the preform is connected with the continuous fiber area, and the top is provided with a resin guide mouth;

(4) The end of the suction pipe of the vacuum auxiliary unit is aligned with the resin guide port set on the preform under the control of the motion module, the oil pump of the resin supply unit is started, the resin liquid is pumped to the resin liquid tank, and the vacuum pump of the vacuum auxiliary unit is started. , With the assistance of the vacuum pump, the resin liquid is gradually uploaded from the bottom of the continuous fiber preform to the top to realize the impregnation of the entire structure, and the vacuum pump and the oil pump of the resin supply unit are turned off;

(5) After the resin is cured, the structural parts are removed from the printing platform, and each module is reset, and the entire working process is over.

In order to facilitate the removal of the support structure, preferably, in step (1), the core mold adopts a water-soluble thermoplastic material. Such as polyvinyl alcohol PVAL water-soluble materials, acrylic AA copolymer water-soluble materials and so on. The support structure can be removed by placing the entire structure in the solution to directly obtain the final structure.

In order to improve the strength of the structural member, preferably, in step (2), the continuous fibers are wound with multiple layers, and there are included angles between the continuous fibers of adjacent layers.

In order to facilitate manufacture, the included angle between the continuous fibers of adjacent layers should not be too large. Preferably, in step (2), the included angle is 5° to 45°.

In order to make the resin impregnation uniform, preferably, in step (1), a plurality of resin flow channels are provided and are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

In order to ensure the impregnation effect and realize the full impregnation of the dry continuous fiber preform, it is further preferred that the inner side of the vacuum film is sequentially provided with a guide net and a release cloth, which is a special composite film.

In order to cooperate with the method of the present invention and ensure that the thermoplastic material extrusion unit, the wire winding mechanism and the dipping module do not interfere with each other, preferably, the movement module includes an XY-axis movement unit arranged above the printing platform, and the XY-axis movement unit is provided with two Each power output terminal drives the thermoplastic material extrusion unit and the wire winding mechanism respectively.

The vacuum auxiliary unit has a lifting mechanism, a vacuum pump and a vacuum hose. Preferably, the vacuum hose of the vacuum auxiliary unit and the thermoplastic material extrusion unit are installed on the power output end of the same XY axis movement unit.

In order to cooperate with the method of the present invention to quickly complete core making and winding, preferably, the motion module includes:

Z-axis motion unit;

a mounting frame, fixed on the power output end of the Z-axis motion unit;

The turning mechanism includes a turning motor and a turning frame, the turning motor is fixedly installed on the motor seat on the mounting frame, one end of the turning frame is connected with the turning motor shaft, and one end is rotatably installed on the mounting frame;

The rotating motor is installed on the turning frame, and the resin liquid tank is installed on the rotating shaft.

The above structure can drive the structural member to turn over and rotate, so that rapid winding can be performed.

In order to cooperate with the method of the present invention and facilitate opening and sealing of the resin liquid tank, preferably, the forming support plate is screwed with the opening of the top surface of the resin liquid tank.

In order to be suitable for structural parts of different shapes, preferably, the liquid-passing holes on the forming pallet are annularly distributed from the inside to the outside. Multiple annular arrangements are suitable for impregnation of shell structures of different diameters.

In order to further improve the scope of application, preferably, the diameters of the liquid passage holes on the same ring are different. The liquid passage holes on the same ring can be used for impregnation of shell structures of different thicknesses.

In order to realize the automatic covering of the vacuum film, preferably, the film covering mechanism includes a vacuum film feeding unit and a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator. The vacuum film is covered on the already wound dry continuous fiber preform by relying on the rotating motion of the manipulator and the printing platform.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) The continuous fiber composite material shell manufacturing method of the present invention combines the three-dimensional printing technology with the continuous fiber winding technology and the vacuum-assisted impregnation technology to realize the rapid manufacturing of the continuous fiber composite material shell;

(2) The present invention solves the problems that traditional carbon fiber composite material structures are faced with complex manufacturing process, long production cycle, often requiring molds and difficult to achieve complex structure manufacturing, and at the same time can overcome the existing continuous fiber composite material three-dimensional printing technology to manufacture structural parts The problem of low strength.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the manufacturing method of the continuous fiber composite material shell of the present invention.

2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the continuous fiber composite material shell manufacturing equipment used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of FIG. 2 after removing part of the structure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the printing platform in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the resin liquid tank of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the forming pallet of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the core making process of the method of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the winding process of the method of the present invention.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the impregnation working process of the method of the present invention.

The reference signs in the figure are: 1. Object platform, 2. Six degrees of freedom manipulator, 3. Vacuum pump, 4. Thermoplastic material extrusion unit, 5. Y-axis motion unit, 6. Vacuum auxiliary unit, 7. Z-axis Motion unit, 8. Wire winding mechanism, 9. X-axis motion unit, 10. Resin supply unit, 11. Continuous fiber, 12. Preform, 46. Hanging plate, 101. Printing platform, 102. Mounting frame, 103. Vacuum Film supply unit, 104. Turnover frame, 105. Rotary motor, 106. Turnover motor, 301. Vacuum hose, 401. Thermoplastic material extrusion mechanism, 402. Thermoplastic material supply unit, 403. Thermoplastic material conduit, 601. Vacuum Hose guide sleeve, 602. Lifting mechanism, 603. Driving motor, 801. Lifting mechanism, 802. Continuous fiber feeding mechanism, 803. Continuous fiber conduit, 804. Driving motor, 1001. Resin liquid conduit, 1002. Resin liquid tank Oil pump, 1003. Resin liquid, 1011. Forming pallet, 1012. Resin liquid tank, 4011. Extruder, 4012. Printing nozzle, 4013. Cooling fan, 4021. Thermoplastic material, 4022. Thermoplastic material bracket, 10111. External thread , 10112. Hose, 10121. Resin tank connection port, 10122. Internal thread, 10123. Resin liquid discharge port.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the continuous fiber composite material shell manufacturing equipment used in the continuous fiber composite material shell manufacturing method of this embodiment includes: a loading platform 1, a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator 2, a vacuum pump 3, and thermoplastic material extrusion. Unit 4, Y-axis motion unit 5, vacuum auxiliary unit 6, Z-axis motion unit 7, wire winding mechanism 8 and X-axis motion unit 9. The X-axis motion unit 9 and the Y-axis motion unit 5 form a translation motion unit, which is provided with two motion output ends, one is installed with the thermoplastic material extrusion unit 4 and the vacuum auxiliary unit 6 through the hanging plate 46 , and the vacuum auxiliary unit 6 is installed through the upgrading mechanism 602 The up and down movement is realized; the wire winding mechanism 8 is installed through the lifting mechanism 801, and the wire winding mechanism 8 uses the wire feeding mechanism 802 to realize the function; the vacuum auxiliary unit 6 is provided with a vacuum hose guide sleeve 601.

The loading platform 1 includes: a printing platform 101 , a mounting frame 102 , a turning mechanism and a rotating motor 105 . The turning mechanism includes a turning motor 106 and a turning frame 104 . The turning motor 106 is fixedly installed on the motor base on the mounting frame 102 . The rotating motor 105 is installed on the turning frame 104 ; the printing platform 101 is installed on the rotating shaft of the rotating motor 105 .

The printing platform 101 includes: a resin liquid tank 1012 installed on the rotating shaft of the rotary motor 105 and a forming support plate 1011 fixedly connected to the resin liquid tank 1012 .

The resin liquid tank is provided with a resin liquid tank connection port 10121 connected to the resin liquid supply unit, an internal thread 10122 for installing the molding pallet, and a resin liquid discharge port 10123 for resin liquid discharge.

In order to ensure that the resin impregnates the dried continuous fibers quickly, the forming support plate is provided with a plurality of liquid passage holes distributed annularly from the inside to the outside, and the liquid passage holes communicate with the resin in the resin liquid tank 1012 through the hose 10112 .

The manufacturing method of the continuous fiber composite material shell of the present embodiment, the process is as follows:

Each module is reset, the wire feeding mechanism 802 is lifted to the highest position under the driving of the lifting mechanism 801, and moved to the far right of the X-axis as a whole under the driving of the X-axis and a ball screw; similarly, the vacuum hose 301 of the vacuum auxiliary unit 6 The guide sleeve 601 moves to the highest position under the drive of the lifting mechanism 602, and moves to the leftmost position of the X-axis together with the thermoplastic material extrusion mechanism 401 under the drive of another ball screw in the X-axis; the six-degree-of-freedom manipulator 2 end effector together The robotic arm is moved to the far left; the connection between the resin supply unit 10 of the impregnation module and the resin liquid tank 1012 is disconnected; the printing platform of the core making module is moved to the uppermost end driven by the Z-axis motion unit 7;

Carry out core making, and use the thermoplastic material extrusion mechanism 401 to print the core mold on the loading platform 1 according to the pre-designed structure; the specific process is that the thermoplastic material 4021 enters the extruder 4011 through the thermoplastic material conduit 403 and then passes through the printing nozzle 4012. A pre-designed core mold is printed on the pallet 1011, and the cooling fan 4013 accelerates the cooling of the molten thermoplastic material. The resin flow channels are preset to be aligned with the liquid-passing holes on the forming support plate 1011 , and core molds of different structures can be printed on the forming support plate 1011 according to the different shapes of the structural parts 12 , and the preset resin flow channels can also be performed as required. Adjustment.

Winding is carried out. After the printing of the core mold is completed, the thermoplastic material extrusion mechanism 401 is moved to the leftmost side of the X axis, the winding mechanism 8 is activated, and the continuous fiber 11 enters the continuous fiber feeding mechanism 802 through the continuous fiber conduit 803, and is driven by the driving motor 804 Under the lifting mechanism 801, combined with the rotation and overturning of the forming pallet 1011, continuous fibers are wound on the pre-printed core mold according to the designed path to obtain the preform 12, and the fiber layer on the preform 12 is connected with the resin flow channel.

Impregnation is performed. After the fiber winding is completed, the winding mechanism 8 moves to the far right of the X-axis. The six-degree-of-freedom manipulator 2 covers the vacuum film from the vacuum film supply unit 103 on the continuous fiber preform 12. The resin liquid conduit 1001 on the resin liquid tank oil pump 1002 in 10 is connected to the resin liquid tank 1012 of the printing platform 101; the end 601 of the vacuum hose 301 of the vacuum auxiliary unit 6 is under the control of the driving motor 603 driving the lifting mechanism 602 and the X-axis motion unit Align with the resin guide port provided on the preform 12; start the oil pump 1002 of the resin supply unit 10 to pump the resin liquid 1003 to the resin liquid tank 1012; start the vacuum pump 3 of the vacuum auxiliary unit 6, under the assistance of the vacuum pump 3, the resin The liquid 1003 is gradually uploaded to the top from the liquid passage hole to the resin flow channel inlet at the bottom of the continuous fiber preform 12 to realize the impregnation of the entire structure, and the vacuum pump 3 and the oil pump 1002 of the resin supply unit 10 are closed to complete the impregnation process;

After curing, after the resin is cured, the structural member 12 is removed from the printing platform 101, and each module is reset, and the entire working process ends.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the contents of the description and accompanying drawings of the present invention can be directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields. All are similarly included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for manufacturing a continuous fiber composite material shell, characterized in that the continuous fiber composite material shell manufacturing equipment employed comprises: frame; a motion module, mounted on the rack; Thermoplastic material extrusion unit and wire winding mechanism, driven by motion module; Printing platform, including: Resin tank, open top, driven by motion module; The forming support plate seals the top surface of the resin liquid tank, a plurality of liquid passage holes are distributed on the surface, and the back side of the liquid passage holes is connected with a liquid conduit extending into the resin liquid tank; Impregnation module, including: a resin supply unit for supplying resin to the resin tank; Laminating mechanism, which coats the dry continuous fiber preform; Vacuum auxiliary unit, which provides vacuum suction for the resin guide port on the continuous fiber preform; The manufacturing process is as follows: (1) The motion module drives the thermoplastic material extrusion mechanism to print a core mold according to a pre-designed structure on the printing platform, and the core mold is provided with a resin flow channel aligned with the liquid-passing hole; (2) The motion module drives the winding mechanism and the printing platform to wind the dry continuous fibers on the printed mandrel according to the designed path to obtain the preform; (3) The film coating mechanism covers the vacuum film on the continuous fiber preform, the resin flow channel in the lower part of the preform is connected through the liquid hole and the continuous fiber area, the resin flow channel in the upper part of the preform is connected with the continuous fiber area, and the top is provided with a resin guide mouth; (4) The end of the suction pipe of the vacuum auxiliary unit is aligned with the resin guide port set on the preform under the control of the motion module, the oil pump of the resin supply unit is started, the resin liquid is pumped to the resin liquid tank, and the vacuum pump of the vacuum auxiliary unit is started. , With the assistance of the vacuum pump, the resin liquid is gradually uploaded from the bottom of the continuous fiber preform to the top to realize the impregnation of the entire structure, and the vacuum pump and the oil pump of the resin supply unit are turned off; (5) After the resin is cured, the structural parts are removed from the printing platform, and each module is reset, and the entire working process is over. 2 . The method for manufacturing a continuous fiber composite shell according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (1), the core mold adopts a water-soluble thermoplastic material. 3 . 3 . The method for manufacturing a continuous fiber composite shell according to claim 1 , wherein in step (2), the continuous fibers are wound with multiple layers, and the continuous fibers of adjacent layers have an included angle. 4 . 4 . The method for manufacturing a continuous fiber composite shell according to claim 3 , wherein, in step (2), the included angle is 5° to 45°. 5 . 5 . The method for manufacturing a continuous fiber composite material shell according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (1), a plurality of resin flow channels are provided and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. 6 . 6 . The method for manufacturing a continuous fiber composite material shell according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (3), the inner side of the vacuum film used is sequentially provided with a guide net and a mold release cloth. 7 .

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