CN109056196B

CN109056196B - High-filtering-precision polyester spunbonded non-woven fabric manufacturing equipment and method

Info

Publication number: CN109056196B
Application number: CN201811267068.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李�杰; 周思远; 申景山; 肖红军; 陈让军
Original assignee: Guangdong Bao Hong New Material Ltd By Share Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Bao Hong New Material Ltd By Share Ltd
Priority date: 2018-10-29
Filing date: 2018-10-29
Publication date: 2020-06-02
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-29
Also published as: CN109056196A

Abstract

The manufacturing equipment and the method of the polyester spun-bonded non-woven fabric with high filtering precision comprise a material mixing tank, a crystallizer, a drying tower, a screw extruder, a first spinning box body, a second spinning box body and a third spinning box body, wherein a water-soluble polyester slice and a part of the polyester slice sequentially pass through the material mixing tank, the crystallizer, the drying tower, the screw extruder and the second spinning box body, and a spinneret orifice of a spinneret plate of the second spinning box body is of an annular structure; the other part of polyester chips sequentially pass through a crystallizer, a drying tower, a screw extruder and a first spinning manifold and a third spinning manifold; the second spinning manifold, the first spinning manifold and the third spinning manifold are both connected with a drafting spray head, and the drafting spray head is sequentially connected with a web forming device, a spunlace reinforcing device, an alkali liquor dipping treatment device, a washing device and a drying device. Through the multi-box spinning technology, the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the non-woven fabric have good mechanical properties, and the middle layer has good filtering precision.

Description

High-filtering-precision polyester spunbonded non-woven fabric manufacturing equipment and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device and a method for manufacturing polyester spun-bonded non-woven fabric with high filtering precision, belonging to the technical field of spun-bonded non-woven fabric production.

Background

The spunbond process, also known as spunlaid, is the most important and most widely used method in nonwovens. The non-woven fabric is made by using chemical fiber spinning principle, laying continuous filament fibers into a net in the polymer spinning process, and reinforcing the net by a mechanical, chemical or thermal method. The specific production flow of the polyester (terylene) spun-bonded non-woven fabric is as follows:

the polyester chips are conveyed in a large storage bin, are conveyed into a pre-crystallization chamber for pre-crystallization through a rotary valve, and are dried in a drying tower after being pre-crystallized. The dried slices with water content meeting the spinning requirement are fed into a screw extruder, the screw has the heating function, the slices are melted and extruded in the screw, the filtered melt is conveyed to a spinning assembly by a metering pump according to a certain flow, the spinning assembly is provided with a spinneret plate with a plurality of small holes, the melt flows out of the small holes of the spinneret plate to form a plurality of thin flows, the thin flows of the melt are cooled into fibers after being blown laterally, then the fibers enter a drafting device, the high-speed airflow in the drafting device is used for drafting, the macromolecules of the fibers are oriented and crystallized, the fibers obtain good mechanical properties, the fibers are laid on a net forming curtain belt with an air suction device below after being drafted, then the net forming curtain belt is conveyed to a reinforcing device, and the net forming nonwoven fabric is obtained by any one or two methods of hot rolling, chemical bonding, needling, spunlace and the like. The disadvantages are that:

the fiber number of the polyester spun-bonded non-woven fabric is mostly about 1-6 dtex, the filtration precision is low, and the polyester spun-bonded non-woven fabric can only be used in occasions with low requirements on the filtration precision, so that the application field of the polyester spun-bonded non-woven fabric is severely limited.

The cause is as follows:

because the spinning speed of the polyester spun-bonded non-woven fabric is higher than 5000m/min, the difficulty is higher in spinning fine denier fiber, and the fineness of the fiber is generally not lower than 1 dtex. Since the fibers are thick and have a low specific surface area, the single-fiber filtration efficiency is low, and the filtration efficiency of the nonwoven fabric made of such fibers is low.

Further, the polyester chip has a high viscosity and a high melting point. Therefore, the existing melt-blown process capable of producing polypropylene superfine fibers cannot produce polyester melt-blown nonwoven fabrics. Therefore, in the field of high-precision filtration, polyester spun-bonded products have no corresponding products for a while.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, and provides the equipment and the method for manufacturing the polyester spunbonded non-woven fabric with high filtering precision.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the manufacturing equipment of the polyester spunbonded non-woven fabric with high filtering precision comprises a material mixing tank, a crystallizer, a drying tower, a screw extruder, a first spinning box body, a second spinning box body and a third spinning box body, wherein a water-soluble polyester slice and a part of the polyester slice sequentially pass through the material mixing tank, the crystallizer, the drying tower, the screw extruder and the second spinning box body, and a spinneret orifice of a spinneret plate of the second spinning box body is of an annular structure; the other part of polyester chips sequentially pass through a crystallizer, a drying tower, a screw extruder and a first spinning manifold and a third spinning manifold; the second spinning manifold and the first and third spinning manifolds are connected with a drafting nozzle, and the drafting nozzle is sequentially connected with a web forming device, a spunlace reinforcing device, an alkali liquor dipping treatment device, a washing device and a drying device.

Furthermore, a metering pump is arranged in the spinning box body, the melt is reasonably distributed into each metering pump through the distribution of a melt distribution pipe and then is conveyed to each spinning assembly through the metering pump, filter sand is filled in each spinning assembly, the filtered melt enters each small hole of the spinneret plate uniformly through the action of the distribution plate, and the melt is uniformly divided into a plurality of strands of thin flows by the spinneret plate and is extruded out of the small holes of the spinneret plate under the action of pressure and gravity.

Further, the annular structure is a three-section annular structure.

Furthermore, spinneret orifices of the spinneret plates of the first spinning manifold and the third spinning manifold are in a circular or trifurcate structure.

Furthermore, three groups of slow cooling heaters are arranged below the spinneret plate, air below the spinneret plate is heated, and the temperature of the slow cooling heaters is controlled to be between 320 ℃ and 200 ℃.

Further, a side blowing device is arranged behind the spinneret plate, a honeycomb rectifying plate is arranged in the side blowing device, and a plurality of layers of metal gauze are additionally arranged.

Further, the silk ware is connected to tubular draft shower nozzle, divide the silk ware to include a plurality of air diffuser, air diffuser locates tubular draft shower nozzle is terminal, air diffuser's cross-section is followed the terminal outside constantly enlarges of tubular draft shower nozzle, air diffuser fixes on two crossbeams, the crossbeam corresponds air diffuser's mounting is equipped with circular arc chute formula screw.

A method for manufacturing a high-filtering-precision polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabric, which comprises the following steps: the water-soluble polyester chip and a part of the polyester chip → blending → crystallization → drying → melt blending spinning through a No. two spinning manifold, the other part of the polyester chip → crystallization → drying → melt spinning through a No. one spinning manifold and a No. three spinning manifold, and the product obtained by twice spinning is pulled by air flow → laying a net → spunlace reinforcement → alkali liquor impregnation treatment → washing → drying → winding.

Further, the ratio of the former part of polyester chips to the water-soluble polyester chips is controlled to be 9: 1-6: and 4, the reinforcing mode adopted by the fiber web formed after the treatment of the web forming device is spunlace reinforcement, the spunlace pressure is 250-400 bar, and the spunlace speed is 1-20 min.

Further, the fiber web after spunlace reinforcement is subjected to alkali treatment, water-soluble polyester components in hollow fibers produced by the second box body are dissolved, the fibers are hollow and porous, the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkali treatment is 3-10 g/L, the temperature of alkali liquor is 60-100 ℃, and the treatment time is 10-60 min.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the technology, through a multi-box spinning technology, the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the non-woven fabric have good mechanical properties, the middle layer has good filtering precision, and the non-woven fabric has good mechanical properties while having good filtering precision.

Meanwhile, the technology successfully produces the fiber with the middle porous structure by applying the technologies of double-component hollow spinning, alkali treatment and the like, greatly improves the filtering efficiency of the fiber and ensures that the non-woven fabric has good filtering precision.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a high filtration precision polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 3a is a schematic view of a hollow spinneret configuration;

fig. 3b is a schematic view of a circular spinneret plate configuration;

FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of a three-pronged spinneret plate structure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the filament divider;

FIG. 5a is a front view of the airflow diffuser;

FIG. 5b is a top view of the airflow diffuser;

figure 5c is a side view of the airflow diffuser.

In the figure, 1-stock bin; 2-mixing tank;

3-No. two spinning beam; 4-crystallizer;

5-spinning beam No. one; 6-No. three spinning beam;

7-drying tower; 8-screw extruder;

9-spinneret orifice; 10-side blowing device;

11-a drawing nozzle; 12-a wire separator;

13-airflow diffuser; 14-beam;

15-arc chute type screw hole; 16-hydroentangling reinforcement means;

17-alkali liquor dipping treatment device; 18-water washing device;

19-drying means; 20-winding device.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, polyester chips and water-soluble polyester chips are respectively put into respective charging barrels, impurities are screened out by a vibrating screen, pulse airflow generated by a Roots blower is conveyed to respective large charging bins 1 on the roof, a part of the polyester chips and the water-soluble polyester chips are conveyed into a mixing tank 2 by a rotary valve, are uniformly mixed by a stirrer and then are conveyed by the rotary valve, and fall into a corresponding crystallizer 4 of a second spinning box 3. The mixing ratio of the polyester chip and the water-soluble polyester chip is determined by the rotating speed of the rotary valve, and the ratio of the polyester chip to the water-soluble polyester chip is controlled to be 9: 1-6: 4 in the above range.

And the other part of the polyester chips are directly conveyed into the crystallizers 4 corresponding to the first spinning beam 5 and the third spinning beam 6 through a rotary valve.

In the mold 4, the chips are in a boiling state by blowing hot air, and the chips collide with each other to prevent sticking. The slice is heated in the crystallizer 4, the crystallinity is increased, the water content is reduced, and the pre-crystallization temperature is 110-160 ℃. The chips with higher crystallinity are blown into a drying tower 7 by hot air. The scheme adopts the filling type drying tower 7, the slices enter from the upper part of the drying tower 7 and meet with dehumidified hot air introduced from the bottom of the drying tower 7 in the falling process, the moisture in the slices is taken away by the hot air, and after the slices stay in the drying tower 7 for a long time, the moisture content of the slices reaches the requirement of spinning, and the drying temperature is 105-150 ℃.

The slices with the water content meeting the spinning requirement are conveyed to a dry slice hopper above the screw extruder 8, fall into a mixing hopper under the action of gravity, the mixing hopper is a material injection fluted disc driven by a motor at the bottom of a material receiver, the number of the slices is controlled through the rotating speed of the motor, and a certain amount of auxiliary agents and the slices are mixed according to a certain proportion and conveyed into the screw extruder 8 under the action of the mixing hopper. The screw extruder 8 is divided into six zones for heating, a resistance heating mode is adopted, the temperature is set between 205 ℃ and 350 ℃, and cooling circulating water is arranged at the feed opening of the screw extruder 8 to prevent the slices from being circled at the feed opening. The chips are melted and mixed uniformly while being advanced by shearing and heating in the screw extruder 8. When the end of the screw rod is reached, the slice is completely melted, the melt pressure is measured by a pressure sensor, and the rotating speed of the screw rod is controlled through the feedback of the pressure, so that the stability of the melt pressure is ensured.

The melt with stable pressure is filtered by the melt filter, which can effectively remove inorganic impurities and gel particles in the melt to reduce the adverse effect of impurities on the spinning process. The filter is switchable, and when the filtering pressure difference is larger, the old filter element is switched into a new filter element, so that the stability of the filtering effect is ensured.

The filtered melt is conveyed into a spinning box body, a certain number of metering pumps are arranged in the spinning box body, and the melt is reasonably distributed into each metering pump through distribution of a melt distribution pipe. The metering pump is a precise gear pump, and the melt with precise volume is conveyed to each spinning assembly by the metering pump through the rotation of the metering pump. The spinning assembly is filled with filter sand for further filtering the melt, the filtered melt uniformly enters each small hole of the spinneret plate under the action of the distribution plate, and the melt is uniformly divided into a plurality of thin streams by the spinneret plate, extruded from the small holes of the spinneret plate under the action of pressure and gravity and exposed to air. The melt filter and the spinning manifold are heated by biphenyl steam to ensure accurate temperature control. The temperature of the filter and the box body is controlled between 250 ℃ and 350 ℃.

The spinneret orifices 9 of the spinneret plate of the second spinning manifold 3 are of an annular structure, and are specifically shown in fig. 3. And the spinneret orifices 9 of the spinnerets of the first spinning manifold 5 and the third spinning manifold 6 are in a circular or three-fork structure.

The filament bundle extruded from the small hole is fragile, such as exposed in the air of a greenhouse or directly cooled by side blowing, and the cooling is too fast, so that the fiber is difficult to draw, and the phenomena of broken ends, filament floating and the like of spinning are caused. Therefore, three groups of slow cooling heaters are arranged below the spinneret plate, air below the spinneret plate is heated, and the temperature of the slow cooling heaters is controlled to be between 320 ℃ and 200 ℃. The heating mode of the slow cooling heater is electric heating.

The melt stream after slow cooling is continuously cooled under the action of the side blowing device 10, the melt is converted into solid, and molecules in the melt generate certain crystallization and orientation under the action of drawing force and cooling, so that the fiber filament with certain mechanical property is formed. The temperature of the cross air is controlled by an air conditioner, and the temperature and the humidity of the air are accurately controlled, so that the distribution of the temperature and the tension of the fibers is reasonably controlled. The high-speed spinning is facilitated, and the temperature of the cross air blow is controlled to be 15-45 ℃. The side blowing wind speed is controlled to be 0.6-5 m/s, the side blowing wind speed is large, so that the cooling effect of the fiber on the windward side and the leeward side is obviously different, the air in the hollow structure can also play a role in heat insulation, the heat conduction in the fiber section direction can be blocked, the heat transfer speed of the windward side and the leeward side of the fiber is enabled to generate larger difference, and the radial temperature distribution of the fiber is increased, so that the anisotropy of the fiber structure is caused.

The honeycomb rectifying plate is arranged in the side blowing window, and a plurality of layers of metal gauze screens are additionally arranged, so that the side blowing window can still keep a good laminar flow state at high wind speed.

The drafting process of the fiber is realized by the tubular drafting nozzles 11 below each spinning component, compressed air adopted by the drafting nozzles 11 is sprayed downwards to form high-speed airflow after passing through annular gaps inside the tubular drafting nozzles 11, and a certain negative pressure area is formed above the drafting nozzles 11 to form a certain suction force on the fiber. The fiber is sucked above the drafting nozzle 11, and moves downwards at high speed along with the airflow under the action of the friction force of the high-speed airflow, the high-speed airflow and the fiber are limited in a drafting tube with a certain diameter and a certain length, and the fiber can be accelerated to the speed of 3000 plus 6000m/min in the drafting tube. The fiber speed is far higher than the speed of the melt flowing out of the spinneret holes, so that the melt is subjected to a strong stretching effect, the molecules are highly oriented and crystallized, the intermolecular force is greatly enhanced, and the fiber obtains excellent mechanical properties.

Referring to fig. 3 a-5 c, the fiber bundle after exiting the draft tube is laid into a uniform web by the splitter 12. The main structure of the yarn separator 12 is an airflow diffuser 13 connected to the end of the draft tube, and the speed of the draft airflow is reduced and the static pressure is increased by increasing the cross section of the airflow diffuser 13. When the air velocity is slower than the drafted fiber velocity, an aerodynamic "hole effect" is created that causes the fiber bundle to naturally disperse and fall in a spiral onto the web.

The pipe type drafting sprayer is connected with the silk splitter 12, the silk splitter 12 comprises a plurality of airflow diffusers 13, the airflow diffusers 13 are arranged at the tail ends of the pipe type drafting sprayers, the sections of the airflow diffusers 13 are continuously expanded outwards from the tail ends of the pipe type drafting sprayers, the airflow diffusers 13 are fixed on two cross beams 14, and arc sliding groove type screw holes 15 are formed in fixing pieces of the cross beams 14 corresponding to the airflow diffusers 13.

Since the angle of the air diffuser 13 to the direction of travel of the wire can be adjusted as desired. Through the adjustment of the angle, the falling mode of the fibers is changed, so that the arrangement modes of the fibers in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction are different, and the effect of changing the ratio of the longitudinal strength to the transverse strength of the product is achieved. The final gram weight of the product is controlled by adjusting the advancing speed of the net curtain, and the weight of the product is generally controlled to be 50-550 g/m²The range of (1).

The reinforcing method adopted by the fiber web formed after the treatment of the net forming device is spunlace reinforcement, the spunlace pressure is 250-400 bar, and the spunlace speed is 1-20 min.

The fiber web after the water jet strengthening device 16 is processed by an alkali liquor dipping device 17, the water-soluble polyester component in the hollow fiber produced by the second spinning manifold 3 is dissolved, and the fiber is in a hollow and porous shape. Wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 3-10 g/L, the temperature of the alkali liquor is 60-100 ℃, and the treatment time is 10-60 min.

The non-woven fabric after alkali treatment passes through a washing device 18, a drying device 19 and a winding device 20 to obtain a final product.

The hollow porous structure has high filtering efficiency, so that the filtering efficiency of the polyester spun-bonded non-woven fabric is greatly improved.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The manufacturing equipment of the polyester spunbonded non-woven fabric with high filtering precision is characterized by comprising a material mixing tank, a crystallizer, a drying tower, a screw extruder, a first spinning box, a second spinning box and a third spinning box, wherein water-soluble polyester chips and part of the polyester chips sequentially pass through the material mixing tank, the crystallizer, the drying tower, the screw extruder and the second spinning box, and a spinneret orifice of a spinneret plate of the second spinning box is of an annular structure; the other part of polyester chips sequentially pass through a crystallizer, a drying tower, a screw extruder and a first spinning manifold and a third spinning manifold; the second spinning manifold and the first and third spinning manifolds are connected with a drafting nozzle, and the drafting nozzle is sequentially connected with a web forming device, a spunlace reinforcing device, an alkali liquor dipping treatment device, a washing device and a drying device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the manifold is equipped with metering pumps, the melt is distributed through a melt distribution pipe into each metering pump and then delivered by the metering pumps to each spin pack, the spin pack contains filter sand, the filtered melt is distributed through a distribution plate into each orifice of the spinneret, the melt is divided into a plurality of fine streams by the spinneret, and the fine streams are extruded from the orifices of the spinneret under pressure and gravity.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the endless structure is a three-stage loop.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the spinneret holes of the spinnerets of the first and third spinning manifolds have a circular or trifurcate structure.

5. The manufacturing apparatus of polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabric with high filtering accuracy as claimed in claim 4, wherein three groups of slow cooling heaters are arranged below the spinneret plate, and the air below the spinneret plate is heated, and the temperature of the slow cooling heaters is controlled between 320 ℃ and 200 ℃.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein a cross-blow device is provided behind the spinneret plate, and the cross-blow device is provided with a honeycomb rectifying plate and a plurality of metal gauze layers.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the tubular drawing nozzle is connected to a filament splitter, the filament splitter comprises a plurality of air diffusers, the air diffusers are disposed at the ends of the tubular drawing nozzle, the cross sections of the air diffusers are enlarged from the ends of the tubular drawing nozzle, the air diffusers are fixed to two cross beams, and the cross beams are provided with circular arc sliding groove type screw holes corresponding to the fixing members of the air diffusers.

8. A method for manufacturing a polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabric with high filtering precision, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the water-soluble polyester chip and a part of the polyester chip → blending → crystallization → drying → melt blending spinning through a No. two spinning manifold, the other part of the polyester chip → crystallization → drying → melt spinning through a No. one spinning manifold and a No. three spinning manifold, and the product obtained by twice spinning is pulled by air flow → laying a net → spunlace reinforcement → alkali liquor impregnation treatment → washing → drying → winding.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the ratio of the partial polyester chips to the water-soluble polyester chips is controlled to be 9: 1-6: and 4, the reinforcing mode adopted by the fiber web formed after the treatment of the web forming device is spunlace reinforcement, the spunlace pressure is 250-400 bar, and the spunlace speed is 1-20 min.

10. The method for manufacturing the polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabric with high filtering precision as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fiber web after the spunlace reinforcement is subjected to alkali treatment, water-soluble polyester components in the hollow fibers produced by the second box body are dissolved, the fibers are hollow and porous, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkali treatment is 3-10 g/L, the temperature of alkali liquor is 60-100 ℃, and the treatment time is 10-60 min.