CN109001051A - Seepage experimental apparatus and its method are sheared suitable for the L-type of joint or crack rock - Google Patents
Seepage experimental apparatus and its method are sheared suitable for the L-type of joint or crack rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN109001051A CN109001051A CN201810682835.8A CN201810682835A CN109001051A CN 109001051 A CN109001051 A CN 109001051A CN 201810682835 A CN201810682835 A CN 201810682835A CN 109001051 A CN109001051 A CN 109001051A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000273256 Phragmites communis Species 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011326 mechanical measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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Abstract
Seepage experimental apparatus and its method are sheared suitable for the L-type of joint or crack rock the invention discloses a kind of, is related to rock mechanics experiment technology.The present apparatus is: joint samples are placed in shear module, and shear module is placed in confining pressure load subsystem；Radial deformation meter is clipped in the two sides of joint samples；Confining pressure load subsystem is connect by pipeline and valve with compressed air source；Axially loaded subsystem, pore pressure load subsystem, temperature control subsystem, control measurement subsystem and vacuum sub-system are connect with confining pressure load subsystem respectively.The device can complete the shearing Seepage Experiment under high temperature, the effect of high pore pressure, can also measure the permeability at joint when shearing；The device, which uses servo motor and precision ball screw, may be implemented the high-precision control of axial displacement, can long-time stable operation；Using underwater load transducer the measurement accuracy of stress can be improved to avoid the frictional force of pressure indoor piston.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock mechanics experiment technology more particularly to it is a kind of suitable for the L-type of joint or crack rock shear
Seepage experimental apparatus and its method.
Background technique
The mechanical characteristic and hydraulic characteristic(s) of rock mass are heavily dependent on the mechanics and water at joint or crack in rock mass
Force characteristic, and be the important means for studying these characteristics to the shearing Seepage Experiment at joint or crack.However, existing at present cut
It cuts seepage flow equipment and is unable to satisfy mechanics and Hydraulic Characteristics needs to buried joint.Because deep rock mass is in high temperature, height
In the environment of Pore Pressure, the mechanics and hydraulic characteristic(s) of studying buried joint need to simulate the environment of high temperature, high Pore Pressure.It is current existing
Some shearings seepage flow equipment is only adapted to the shearing Seepage Experiment under the effect of lower Pore Pressure, and can not simulated formation high temperature
Environment.Therefore it is necessary to develop a kind of shearing seepage experimental apparatus suitable under high temperature, the effect of high Pore Pressure.
Based on existing invention (multiphase flow-stress coupling core-shearing experimental rig and its method: publication number
CN106442172A the sealing in joint or crack shear history to high pressure pore-fluid can) be efficiently solved；Based on existing
Utility model (the spring leaf normal deformation meter suitable for rock shearing: publication number CN206710225U) can be to shearing
Process joint or crack radial deformation measure.Although these device and method can solve Fluid Sealing problem and radial survey
Amount problem, but it cannot be independently completed the shearing Seepage Experiment at joint, it needs by other equipment, such as conventional triaxial tests machine.
And the load control mode of these external equipments can not be well adapted for the shear module, and not necessarily be able to achieve temperature control
System.Therefore, we have proposed this L-types for being suitable for joint or crack rock based on invention (CN106442172A) to shear seepage flow
Experimental provision and its method.The invention uses the shearing cushion block shaped like " L " to shear to joint or crack rock, therefore
It is named as L-type shearing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of suitable for the L-type of joint or crack rock shear seepage experimental apparatus and its
Method can complete measurement when shearing Seepage Experiment and shearing to joint permeability of high temperature, the lower joint of high Pore Pressure effect
Experiment.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Confining pressure can be applied to joint by confining pressure load pump and pressure indoor, confining pressure is equal with the direct stress at joint；Hole metering
Pump can inject high pressure pore-fluid to joint；Temperature control system can heat simulation hot environment；Axial loading system is to joint
Apply shear stress and can accurately control shear displacemant or shear stress.It is built in inside pressure indoor using underwater load transducer
The size that shearing force can directly be measured avoids the frictional force bring experimental error of pressure indoor piston；Axial LVDT can be with
Measurement shear displacemant, radial deformation sensor can measure joint radial deformation.
Specifically:
One, seepage experimental apparatus (abbreviation device) is sheared suitable for the L-type of joint or crack rock
Including experimental subjects --- joint samples；It is provided with 6 subsystems and other components；
6 subsystems include confining pressure load subsystem, axially loaded subsystem, temperature control subsystem, pore pressure load subsystem,
Control measurement subsystem and vacuum sub-system；
Other components include shear module, radial deformation meter, compressed air source and the 1st, 2 ... 8 valves；
Its position and connection relationship are:
Joint samples are placed in shear module, and shear module is placed in confining pressure load subsystem, and radial deformation meter is clipped in section
Manage the two sides of sample；
Confining pressure load subsystem is connect by pipeline and valve with compressed air source, is that joint samples apply just by applying confining pressure
Stress, shear module realize the shearing changing of the relative positions of joint samples；
Axially loaded subsystem, temperature control subsystem, pore pressure load subsystem, control measurement subsystem and vacuum sub-system point
It is not connect with confining pressure load subsystem；
Axially loaded subsystem, which is compressed axially joint samples, can apply shear stress, and control shear displacemant；
Temperature control subsystem applies stable temperature field by the temperature of control hydraulic oil for joint samples；
Pore-fluid is injected into joint samples by pore pressure load subsystem, the pore pressure that keeps constant or keeps constant stream
Amount；
Control measurement subsystem adds with confining pressure load subsystem, axially loaded subsystem, temperature control subsystem and pore pressure respectively
Subsystems connection controls confining pressure load, axially loaded, temperature and pore pressure load respectively；
Control measurement subsystem is connected with radial deformation meter, measures the normal deformation of joint samples；
Control measurement subsystem is connected with the inbuilt displacement sensor in shear module, measures the shear displacemant of joint samples；
Control measurement subsystem also carries out the preservation and processing of data to above-mentioned subsystem；
Vacuum sub-system is connect with pore pressure load subsystem, realizes the vacuum state of pore pressure load subsystem；
Compressed air source is connect with confining pressure load subsystem, for driving the transfer of hydraulic oil.
The present invention has following advantages and good effect:
1. the device can complete the shearing Seepage Experiment under high temperature, the effect of high pore pressure, joint when shearing can also be measured
Permeability；
2. the device uses servo motor and the high-precision control of axial displacement may be implemented in precision ball screw, can be for a long time
Steadily run；
3. the measurement accuracy of stress can be improved to avoid the frictional force of pressure indoor piston by using underwater load transducer.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of the present apparatus；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the present apparatus；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of shear module 70；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of radial deformation meter 80.
In figure:
00-joint samples；
10-confining pressures load subsystem,
11-oil storage tanks, 12-confining pressure load pumps, 13-confining pressure pressure sensors,
14-pressure indoors, 14-1-piston；
20-axially loaded subsystems,
21-servo motors, 22-speed reducers, 23-ball-screws, 24-counter-force bars,
25-underwater load transducers, 26-displacement sensors；
30-temperature control subsystems,
31-temperature sensors, 32-heating rods, 33-muffs；
40-pore pressures load subsystem
41-pore pressure metering pumps, 42-upstream pressure sensors, 43-downstream pressure sensors,
44-differential manometers；
50-control measurement subsystems
51-PLC controllers, 52-computers；
60-vacuum systems
61-vacuum pumps, 62-vacuum meters, 63-vacuum tanks；
70-shear modules,
71-inbuilt displacement sensors, 72-inbuilt displacement sensor brackets, 73-thermal shrinkable sleeves,
74-shearing cushion blocks, 75-soft rubber stoppers；
80-radial deformation meters；
81-pedestals, 82-flexible reeds, 83-foil gauges, 84-u-brackets；
A-compressed air source；
V1, V2 ... V8-the 1st, 2 ... 8 valves.
Specific embodiment
It is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
One, device
1, overall
Such as Fig. 1, the present apparatus includes experimental subjects --- joint samples 00；It is provided with 6 subsystems and other components；
6 subsystems include confining pressure load subsystem 10, axially loaded subsystem 20, temperature control subsystem 30, pore pressure load
Subsystem 40, control measurement subsystem 50 and vacuum sub-system 60；
Other components include shear module 70, radial deformation meter 80, compressed air source A and the 1st, 2 ... 8 valve V1,
V2……V8；
Its position and connection relationship are:
Joint samples 00 are placed in shear module 70, and shear module 70 is placed in confining pressure load subsystem 10, radial deformation measurement
Meter 80 is clipped in the two sides of joint samples 00；
Confining pressure load subsystem 10 is connect by pipeline and valve with compressed air source A, is joint samples 00 by applying confining pressure
Apply direct stress, the shearing changing of the relative positions of joint samples 00 is realized by being compressed axially shear module 70；
Axially loaded subsystem 20, temperature control subsystem 30, pore pressure load subsystem 40, control measurement subsystem 50 and vacuum
Subsystem 60 is connect with confining pressure load subsystem 10 respectively；
Axially loaded subsystem 20 is that joint samples 00 apply shear stress, and control shear displacemant；
Temperature control subsystem 30 applies stable temperature field by the temperature of control hydraulic oil for joint samples 00；
Pore-fluid is injected into joint samples 00 by pore pressure load subsystem 40, the pore pressure that keeps constant or is kept constant
Flow；
Control measurement subsystem 50 loads subsystem 10, axially loaded subsystem 20, temperature control subsystem 30 with confining pressure respectively
It is connected with pore pressure load subsystem 40, controls confining pressure load, axially loaded, temperature and pore pressure load respectively；
Control measurement subsystem 50 and radial deformation meter 80 connect, and measure the normal deformation of joint samples 00；
Inbuilt displacement sensor 71 in control measurement subsystem 50 and shear module 70 connects, and measures the shearing of joint samples 00
Displacement；
Control measurement subsystem 50 also carries out the preservation and processing of data to above-mentioned subsystem；
Vacuum sub-system 60 is connect with pore pressure load subsystem 30, realizes the vacuum state of pore pressure load subsystem 30；
Compressed air source A is connect with confining pressure load subsystem 10, for driving the transfer of hydraulic oil.
2, functional component
0) joint samples 00
Joint samples 00 are experimental subjects, and joint plane is along its axial direction.
1) confining pressure loads subsystem 10
Confining pressure load subsystem 10 is made of oil storage tank 11, confining pressure load pump 12, confining pressure pressure sensor 13 and pressure indoor 14, is stored up
Oil tank 11 and confining pressure load pump 12 are connected by pipeline with pressure indoor 14 respectively, and the 1st, 2 valve V1, V2 are provided on pipeline
With confining pressure pressure sensor 13, the upper end of oil storage tank 11 is connected to compressed air source A, and end interface passes through the 3rd valve in pressure indoor 14
Door V3 is connect with compressed air source A.
Its function is: being that joint samples 00 apply direct stress by applying confining pressure；
(1) oil storage tank 11
Oil storage tank 11 is a kind of high pressure tank body for being resistant to 2MPa or more, and tank body upper end is provided with oil filler point and injecting hole, bottom
It is provided with oil outlet；It is connected by the injecting hole of upper end with compressed air source A, the hydraulic oil pressure in tank can be entered pressure indoor 14
It is interior.
(2) confining pressure load pump 12
Confining pressure load pump 12 is a kind of common microprocessor pump drive, and pressure control or flow control may be implemented；
Its function is: applying higher constant pressure for pressure indoor, and can accurately control pressure size.
(3) confining pressure pressure sensor 13
Confining pressure pressure sensor 13 is a kind of high-precision sensor for being able to detect pressure change；
Its function is the variation of real-time monitoring confining pressure.
(4) pressure indoor 14
Pressure indoor 14 is a kind of common rock triaxial tests high-pressure chamber, and is provided with the piston of Self-balancing at an upper portion thereof
14-1 is provided with a plurality of hole and communication channel in its underpart.
Its function is to apply confining pressure for joint samples 00, and pass through the axial force outside piston 14-1 transmitting.
Piston 14-1 is that external axial force is transmitted in pressure indoor 14 to internal cylinder.
2) axially loaded subsystem 20
Axially loaded subsystem 20 is by servo motor 21, speed reducer 22, ball-screw 23, counter-force bar 24, underwater load transducer
25 and displacement sensor 26 form, servo motor 21, speed reducer 22 and ball-screw 23 be sequentially connected, and it is fixed to pass through counter-force bar 24
In the top of pressure indoor 14, underwater load transducer 25 is fixed on the lower end of the piston 14-1 in pressure indoor 14, displacement sensor
26 main body is fixed on the upper end of counter-force bar 24, and end of travel is fixed on roller screw 23.
Its function is: applying shear stress for joint samples 00, and can control shear displacemant.
(1) servo motor 21
Servo motor 21 is a kind of common high performance servo motor；
Its function is the power resources as axially loaded subsystem 20.
(2) speed reducer 22
Speed reducer 22 is a kind of speed reduction gearing of common high progress.
Its function is the high revolving speed of reduction motor to improve torque.
(3) ball-screw 23
Ball-screw is a kind of common transmission Precision Lead-Screw；
Its function is that rotary motion is converted to linear motion, pushes the traveling of piston 14-1.
(4) counter-force bar 24
Counter-force bar 24 is a kind of round bar of high rigidity steel；
Its function is the relative displacement limited between servo motor 21 and pressure indoor 14, and the displacement of ball-screw 23 is converted to
Power, can bear the huge thrust of propelling piston 14-1 advance, and can only generate small deformation.
(5) underwater load transducer 25
Underwater load transducer 25 is a kind of to can be used for high pressure, the load transducer in high-temperature insulation liquid；
Its function is the shearing force during direct measurement experiment, being included in avoid the frictional force of piston 14-1.
(6) displacement sensor 26
Displacement sensor 26 is that one kind commonly uses high-precision displacement measurement sensor；
Its function is the travel distance of direct measurement ball-screw 23, and has very high precision.
3) temperature control subsystem 30
Temperature control subsystem 30 is made of temperature sensor 31, heating rod 32 and muff 33, and more heating rods 32 are uniformly solid
The surrounding being scheduled in pressure indoor 14, temperature sensor 31 are placed in the top in pressure indoor 14, and muff 33 is wrapped in pressure indoor 14
Outside.
Its function is: controlling the temperature of hydraulic oil.
(1) temperature sensor 31
Temperature sensor 31 is a kind of high pressure resistant platinum resistance temperature sensor, can monitor the temperature change in pressure indoor 14；
(2) heating rod 32
Heating rod 32 is a kind of metal bar for converting electrical energy into thermal energy.
Its function is heated for hydraulic oil, realizes High Temperature Simulation environment when experiment.
(3) muff 33
Muff 33 be it is a kind of using thermal insulation material, the lost software set of heat of hydraulic oil can be reduced；
Its function is to reduce scattering and disappearing for 14 heat of pressure indoor.
4) pore pressure loads subsystem 40
Pore pressure loads subsystem 40 by pore pressure metering pump 41, upstream pressure sensor 42, downstream pressure sensor 43 and differential manometer
44 compositions, hole metering pump 41 is connected by pipeline and the 5th valve V5 with pressure indoor 14, and is arranged on the pipeline of pressure indoor 14
There are upstream pressure sensor 42 and downstream pressure sensor 43, the pipeline of pressure indoor 14 passes through the 6th, 7 valve V6, V7 and differential manometer
44 is in parallel.
Its function is: pore-fluid being injected into joint samples 00, and is able to maintain constant pore pressure or keeps constant
Flow.
1) pore pressure metering pump 41
Pore pressure metering pump 41 is a kind of common microprocessor pump drive, and pressure control or flow control may be implemented；
Its function is: pore-fluid being injected into joint samples 00, and is able to maintain constant pore pressure or keeps constant stream
Amount.
(2) upstream pressure sensor 42
Upstream pressure sensor 42 is a kind of high-precision sensor for being able to detect pressure change；
Its function is the variation of real-time measurement pore fluid pressure.
(3) downstream pressure sensor 43
Downstream pressure sensor 43 is a kind of high-precision sensor for being able to detect pressure change；
Its function is the variation of real-time measurement pore fluid pressure.
(4) differential manometer 44
Differential manometer 44 is a kind of sensor that can measure difference Fluid pressure difference；
Its function is to measure the difference of 00 upper and lower side pore fluid pressure of joint samples, for calculating seepage flow rate etc..
5) control measurement subsystem 50
Control measurement subsystem 50 is made of preceding latter linked PLC controller 51 and computer 52
(1) PLC controller 51
PLC controller 51 using it is a kind of it is programmable, control various types of machines by digital or analog input and output
The electronic equipment of tool equipment or production process；
Its function is to control the accurate traveling of axially loaded subsystem 20, the accurate shear displacemant of control equipment or shear stress,
And it can acquire and transmit signal.
(2) computer 52
Computer is a kind of common computer；
Its function is to realize the preservation and processing of human-computer exchange and data.
6) vacuum sub-system 60
Vacuum sub-system 60 is made of vacuum pump 61, vacuum meter 62 and vacuum tank 63, and vacuum pump 61 passes through pipeline elder generation and vacuum
Container 63 is connected, then is connected by the 4th valve V4 with the pipeline of pressure indoor 14, and the top of vacuum tank 63 is provided with vacuum meter
62。
(1) vacuum pump 61
Vacuum pump 61 is a kind of common vaccum-pumping equipment, for extracting fluid in joint samples 00 and pipeline out.
(2) vacuum meter 62
Vacuum meter 62 is a kind of instrument of Mechanical measurement vacuum degree.
(3) vacuum tank 63
Vacuum tank 63 is a kind of transparent vessel for being resistant to 1 atmospheric pressure, and the liquid extracted out when vacuumizing for separating avoids shadow
Ring vacuum pump 61.
7, shear module 70
Such as Fig. 3, shear module 70 is a kind of shear module for pushing the mutual changing of the relative positions in joint, structure and patent (applying date:
2016-11-09, publication number: CN106442172A, title: multiphase flow-stress coupling core-shearing experimental rig and its method)
In shear structure it is similar；Its shearing cushion block shaped like alphabetical " L ", may be implemented the shearing of joint samples, therefore is named as L-type and cuts
It cuts.
Its function is to realize the shearing changing of the relative positions at joint.
(1) inbuilt displacement sensor 71
Inbuilt displacement sensor 71 is that one kind can high pressure resistant, high temperature displacement sensor；
Its function is that the relative shear displacement at joint can be measured under high-pressure high-temperature environment.
(2) displacement sensor bracket 72
Displacement sensor bracket is a kind of metallic support that can fix LVDT.
(3) thermal shrinkable sleeve 73
Thermal shrinkable sleeve 73 is a kind of heat-shrink tube of common major diameter, for hydraulic oil and sealing pore-fluid to be isolated.
(4) cushion block 74 is sheared
Shearing cushion block 74 is a kind of high rigidity steel cylinder, and upper part is semicylinder；
Its function is transmitting axial force, pushes the shearing changing of the relative positions of joint samples.
(5) soft rubber stopper 75
Soft rubber stopper 75 is a kind of very soft solid rubber, Poisson's ratio with higher；
Its function is half space of circles on filling shearing 74 top of cushion block.
8, radial deformation meter 80
Such as Fig. 4, radial deformation meter 80 is a kind of sensor that strain-type measurement joint samples 00 diametrically deform, the bottom of by
Seat 81, flexible reeds 82, foil gauge 83 and u-bracket 84 form；
Pedestal 81 is pasted onto the upper of joint samples 00 perpendicular to joint plane, and u-bracket 84 is clipped on pedestal 81, and flexible reeds 82 are solid
It is scheduled on the middle position of u-bracket 84, foil gauge 83 is pasted onto the upper and lower surface of flexible reeds 82.
Its function is the displacement for measuring normal direction when joint samples 00 are sheared.
(1) pedestal 81
Pedestal for fixed radial deformation gauge.
(2) flexible reeds 82
Flexible reeds are deformation elements in radial deformation meter, and the bending that the normal deformation of sample is converted to flexible reeds is become
Shape.
(3) foil gauge 83
Foil gauge is a kind of common medium temperature resistance strain gage, for measuring the strain of flexible reeds.
(4) u-bracket constitutes 84
It is the rigid frame shaped like alphabetical " U " that u-bracket, which is constituted, for transmitting the normal deformation of joint samples 00.
9, compressed air source A
Compressed air source A is the pressure-air generated by air compressor, for driving the transfer of hydraulic oil.
10, the 1st, 2 ... 8 valve V1, V2 ... V8
It is a kind of common high pressure valve.
Two, Seepage Experiment method (abbreviation method) is sheared suitable for the L-type of joint or crack rock
1. joint samples preparation and dress sample
Joint samples 00 to be tested are assembled by thermal shrinkable sleeve 73 and shearing cushion block 74；Pedestal 81 is viscous perpendicular to joint plane
It is attached in joint samples, then the gap of gluing sealing thermal shrinkable sleeve 73 and pedestal 81, radial deformation meter 80 is clipped in joint examination
On pedestal 81 on sample 00；Then inbuilt displacement sensor 71 is mounted on inbuilt displacement sensor bracket 74；It again will assembling
Good shear module 70 is put into pressure indoor 14 and connects pipeline.
2. oil-filled
It opens the 1st valve V1 and the hydraulic oil in oil storage tank 11 is pressed into pressure indoor 14 by compressed air source A；
3. heating
Hydraulic oil is filled to pressure indoor 14, sets scheduled temperature, hydraulic oil is heated by heating rod 32；
4. confining pressure loads
After temperature is stablized, confining pressure size is set, confining pressure is loaded by confining pressure load pump 12；
5. vacuumizing
The 5th, 8 valve V5, V8 are closed, the 4th valve V4 is opened, joint samples 00 and hole pipeline is vacuumized, complete to take out
The 5th valve V5 is closed after vacuum；
6. fluid injects
Pore pressure size is set, pore pressure metering pump 41 and the 5th valve V5 is opened and pore-fluid is injected to joint samples 00；
7. axially loaded
Fluid to be implanted reaches balance, and setting shear rate connects the piston 14-1 of pressure indoor 14 just with shear module 70
Touching；
8. shearing test or permeability survey
Shearing test: shearing joint samples 00 with certain shear rate, and monitors shear stress and deformation；
Permeability survey: clipping to the shear displacemant set to joint samples 00, stops axial propulsion, using pressure pulse method
Or the permeability of current stabilization method measurement joint samples 00, after the completion of permeability determination, continue to be axially loaded to next shear displacemant,
Permeability survey is carried out again；It circuits sequentially until completing the permeability survey under all shear displacemants；
9. the arrangement of equipment and data
After completing test, pore-fluid is first emptied, then unload shearing force and confining pressure；Pass through compression after temperature is down to certain temperature
Hydraulic oil is discharged to oil storage tank 11 by air；Take out joint samples 00；Arrange experimental result.
3, working principle
The shearing test under high pore pressure effect may be implemented in shear module 70, can seal pore-fluid well；It is axially loaded
Subsystem 20 can provide shear module 70 axial cut using the ball-screw 23 of servo motor 21, speed reducer 22 and precision
Shearing stress, and the traveling displacement of ball-screw 23 can be accurately controlled, that is, can be with high-precision control joint samples 00
Shear displacemant, and that the shear displacemant dropped suddenly due to shear stress will not occur is out of control after stress reaches shearing peak value；Confining pressure
Load subsystem 10 may be implemented to apply direct stress to joint samples 00, and the temperature by controlling hydraulic oil can be to joint samples
00 applies temperature field, can be realized higher temperature, and temperature can be very stable.
Use inbuilt displacement sensor 71 and radial deformation meter 80 that can cut with accurately measure joint samples 00
Deformation during cutting；Joint plane edge is axial, and cylinder sample is easy sealing, can measure section using impulse method or current stabilization method
It manages sample 00 and the permeability after the changing of the relative positions occurs；Underwater load transducer 25 by being built in pressure indoor 14 can directly measure work
For the size of 00 shearing force of joint samples, avoids piston friction power and bring error.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of shear seepage experimental apparatus, including experimental subjects joint samples (00) suitable for the L-type of joint or crack rock；
It is characterized by:
It is provided with 6 subsystems and other components；
6 subsystems include confining pressure load subsystem (10), axially loaded subsystem (20), temperature control subsystem (30), hole
Pressure load subsystem (40), control measurement subsystem (50) and vacuum sub-system (60)；
Other components include shear module (70), radial deformation meter (80), compressed air source (A) and the 1st, 2 ... 8 valves
(V1, V2 ... V8)；
Its position and connection relationship are:
Joint samples (00) are placed in shear module (70), and shear module (70) is placed in confining pressure load subsystem (in 10), radial
Deformation gauge (80) is clipped in the two sides of joint samples (00)；
Confining pressure load subsystem (10) is connect by pipeline and valve with compressed air source (A), by applying confining pressure as joint examination
Sample (00) applies direct stress, is compressed axially the shearing changing of the relative positions that shear module (70) realize joint samples (00)；
Axially loaded subsystem (20), temperature control subsystem (30), pore pressure load subsystem (40), control measurement subsystem
(50) it is connect respectively with confining pressure load subsystem (10) with vacuum sub-system (60)；
Axially loaded subsystem (20) is that joint samples (00) applies shear stress, and controls shear displacemant；
Temperature control subsystem (30) applies stable temperature field for joint samples (00) by the temperature of control hydraulic oil；
Pore-fluid is injected into joint samples (00) by pore pressure load subsystem (40), the pore pressure or holding kept constant
Constant flow rate；
Control measurement subsystem (50) is sub with confining pressure load subsystem (10), axially loaded subsystem (20), temperature control respectively
System (30) and pore pressure load subsystem (40) connection control confining pressure load, axially loaded, temperature and pore pressure load respectively；
Control measurement subsystem (50) and radial deformation meter (80) connection, measure the normal deformation of joint samples (00)；
Inbuilt displacement sensor (71) connection in control measurement subsystem (50) and shear module (70), measures joint samples
(00) shear displacemant；
Control measurement subsystem (50) also carries out the preservation and processing of data to above-mentioned subsystem；
Vacuum sub-system (60) is connect with pore pressure load subsystem (30), realizes the vacuum state of pore pressure load subsystem (30)；
Compressed air source (A) is connect with confining pressure load subsystem (10), for driving the transfer of hydraulic oil.
2. L-type according to claim 1 shears seepage experimental apparatus, it is characterised in that:
Described confining pressure load subsystem (10) by oil storage tank (11), confining pressure load pump (12), confining pressure pressure sensor (13) and
Pressure indoor (14) composition, oil storage tank (11) and confining pressure load pump (12) are connected by pipeline with pressure indoor (14) respectively, in pipe
Road is provided with the 1st, 2 valves (V1, V2) and confining pressure pressure sensor (13), and the upper end of oil storage tank (11) is connected to compressed air
Source (A), end interface is connect by the 3rd valve (V3) with compressed air source (A) in pressure indoor (14).
3. L-type according to claim 1 shears seepage experimental apparatus, it is characterised in that:
The axially loaded subsystem (20) is by servo motor (21), speed reducer (22), ball-screw (23), counter-force bar
(24), underwater load transducer (25) and displacement sensor (26) composition, servo motor (21), speed reducer (22) and ball-screw
(23) it is sequentially connected, the top of pressure indoor (14) is fixed on by counter-force bar (24), underwater load transducer (25), which is fixed on, encloses
The main body of the lower end of piston (14-1) in pressure chamber (14), displacement sensor (26) is fixed on the upper end of counter-force bar (24), row
Inlet side is fixed on roller screw (23).
4. L-type according to claim 1 shears seepage experimental apparatus, it is characterised in that:
The temperature control subsystem 30 is made of temperature sensor (31), heating rod (32) and muff (33), and more add
Hot pin (32) is uniformly fixed on the surrounding in pressure indoor (14), and temperature sensor (31) is placed in the top in pressure indoor (14), protects
Temperature set (33) is wrapped in the outside of pressure indoor (14).
5. L-type according to claim 1 shears seepage experimental apparatus, it is characterised in that:
Pore pressure load subsystem (40) is sensed by pore pressure metering pump (41), upstream pressure sensor (42), downstream pressure
Device (43) and differential manometer (44) composition, hole metering pump (41) pass through pipeline and the 5th valve (V5) and pressure indoor (14 are connected), and
Upstream pressure sensor (42) and downstream pressure sensor (43) are provided on the pipeline of pressure indoor (14), pressure indoor (14)
Pipeline passes through the 6th, 7 valves (V6, V7) and differential manometer (44 is in parallel).
6. L-type according to claim 1 shears seepage experimental apparatus, it is characterised in that:
The vacuum sub-system (60) is made of vacuum pump (61), vacuum meter (62) and vacuum tank (63), vacuum pump (61)
First it is connected with vacuum tank (63) by pipeline, then is connected by the 4th valve (V4) with the pipeline of pressure indoor (14), is held in vacuum
The top of device (63) is provided with vacuum meter (62).
7. L-type according to claim 1 shears seepage experimental apparatus, it is characterised in that:
Control measurement subsystem (50) is made of preceding latter linked PLC controller (51) and computer (52)；
PLC controller (51) is using a kind of programmable, various types of to control by digital or analog input and output
The electronic equipment of mechanical equipment or production process；
Computer (52) is a kind of common computer.
8. L-type according to claim 1 shears seepage experimental apparatus, it is characterised in that:
The vacuum sub-system (60) is made of vacuum pump (61), vacuum meter (62) and vacuum tank (63), vacuum pump (61)
First it is connected with vacuum tank (63) by pipeline, then loads the downstream pipe phase of subsystem 40 with pore pressure by the 4th valve (V4)
Even, the top of vacuum tank (63) is provided with vacuum meter (62).
9. L-type according to claim 1 shears seepage experimental apparatus, it is characterised in that:
The radial deformation meter (80) is a kind of sensor that strain-type measurement joint samples (00) diametrically deforms,
It is made of pedestal (81), flexible reeds (82), foil gauge (83) and u-bracket (84)；
Pedestal (81) is pasted onto the upper of joint samples (00) perpendicular to joint plane, and u-bracket (84) is clipped on pedestal (81), deformation
Reed (82) is fixed on the middle position of u-bracket (84), and foil gauge (83) is pasted onto the upper and lower surface of flexible reeds (82).
10. the experimental method based on the shearing seepage experimental apparatus of L-type described in claim 1-9, it is characterised in that:
1. joint samples preparation and dress sample
Joint samples (00) to be tested are assembled by thermal shrinkable sleeve (73) and shearing cushion block (74)；Pedestal (81) perpendicular to
Joint plane is pasted on joint samples (00), and then the gap of gluing sealing thermal shrinkable sleeve (73) and pedestal (81), radial deformation are surveyed
Meter (80) is clipped on the pedestal (81) on joint samples (00)；Then inbuilt displacement sensor (71) is mounted on inbuilt displacement
On sensor stand (74)；Assembled shear module (70) is put into pressure indoor (14) again and connects pipeline；
2. oil-filled
It opens the 1st valve (V1) and the hydraulic oil in oil storage tank (11) is pressed into pressure indoor (14) by compressed air source (A)；
3. heating
Hydraulic oil is filled to pressure indoor (14), sets scheduled temperature, hydraulic oil is heated by heating rod (32)；
4. confining pressure loads
After temperature is stablized, confining pressure size is set, loads confining pressure by confining pressure load pump (12)；
5. vacuumizing
The 5th, 8 valves (V5, V8) are closed, the 4th valve (V4) is opened, joint samples (00) and hole pipeline is vacuumized,
Completion closes the 5th valve (V5) after vacuumizing；
6. fluid injects
Pore pressure size is set, pore pressure metering pump (41) and the 5th valve (V5) is opened and pore-fluid is injected to joint samples (00)；
7. axially loaded
Fluid to be implanted reaches balance, set shear rate make the pistons (14-1) of pressure indoor (14) just with shear module
(70) it contacts；
8. shearing test or permeability survey
Shearing test: shearing joint samples (00) with certain shear rate, and monitors shear stress and deformation；
Permeability survey: clipping to the shear displacemant set to joint samples (00), stops axial propulsion, using pressure pulse
Method or the permeability of current stabilization method measurement joint samples (00), after the completion of permeability determination, continue to be axially loaded to next shearing
Displacement, then carry out permeability survey；It circuits sequentially until completing the permeability survey under all shear displacemants；
9. the arrangement of equipment and data
After completing test, pore-fluid is first emptied, then unload shearing force and confining pressure；Pass through compression after temperature is down to certain temperature
Hydraulic oil is discharged to oil storage tank (11) by air；It takes out joint samples (00)；Arrange experimental result.
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