CN108977687A - A kind of Tibetan area the casting figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Tibetan areas to cast the figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique.According to weight percent, the ingredient of the alloy are as follows: Ca:0.4-0.6wt.%, Al:10.0-12.0wt.%, In:4.0-6.0wt.%, Bi:2.0-3.0wt.%, Sb:1.5-1.8wt.%, Co:10.0-14.0wt.%, Au:3.0-5.0wt.%, Ag:12.0-14.0wt.%, surplus are copper.The material casts for China Tibetan area bronze statue and provides a kind of unleaded and mercury-free new material scheme with Riamb's alloy, and products obtained therefrom has excellent purple perception.The implementation and industrialization of the material can effectively push update and the industry upgrade requirement of China's new material.

Description

A kind of Tibetan area the casting figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of alloy, specifically, being related to an Albatra metal.

Background technique

Cast copper is with a long history in China, when quotient's week there have been.Early stage cast copper is chiefly used in casting The figure of buddha, cast copper figure of buddha process costs are low, and flexibility is big.The bronze statue of Buddha in Tibet is divided into two major classes as manufacture craft: one kind is founder Skill, the bronze statue of Buddha picture of casting is based on the small-sized figure of buddha.Another kind of is forging process, the figure of buddha made, based on the large-scale figure of buddha.These Culture rarity has embodied a concentrated reflection of the superb culture for smelting skill and brilliance of Ancient Times in China.

There are two types of the casting techniques of currently known bronze statue of Buddha picture: lost-wax process and Sha Fanfa.

(1) lost-wax process.Its principle is that mould identical with casting is made with wax material, is applied with Modeling Material, becomes block mold, Heating melts wax after drying, forms the cavity mold in integral seamless model face, molten metal is poured into.Outer model (shell is removed after solidification Type) to get casting.This method is known as precision-investment casting in contemporary metal technique, is chiefly used in casting shape complexity, tool in ancient times There is the casting of three-dimensional openwork carving effect.

(2) Sha Fanfa.Be using natural sand as making outer model material, in sand mixed with a certain proportion of clay so that The grains of sand are bonded together.Sand is put into compacting in sandbox and forms husky model, Sha Fan is made of the identical two parts of size.It will casting The mould of part is placed in two pieces of husky model contact surfaces the shape for being molded out casting, and sprinkles powder particle on the contact surface of two pieces of husky models (such as plant ash) prevents two pieces of husky model bondings.Two pieces of husky models are separated, take out the mould of casting, Sha Fan recloses to form cavity Model is cast, molten metal is poured into after solidification to the model that goes to remove sand and obtains casting.

Whether Sha Fanfa or lost-wax process all generate limitation to the size of moulding.With the increase of statue size, work Skill difficulty increases also significantly, and therefore, craftsman must acquire balance between size and statue success rate.Husky model casting and mistake Wax method casting has respective limitation condition in practice.What Tibetan craftsman made the use of bronze statue of Buddha picture is still traditional sand Model casting, and the lost wax process generallyd use in Nepal craftsman is seldom found in Tibet region.This limitation reflection Tibet, Nepal's area monoblock cast bronze statue of Buddha as when deposit limitation dimensionally.Cause lost-wax process not universal in Tibet Using the reason of not instead of raw material supply the problem of, the production efficiency of lost-wax process itself lowly adds with Tibet region shortage stove Caused by heat condition.

Nepal and Tibet region ancient times are used to cast the copper alloy of the figure of buddha since historical reasons are referred to as Riamb.Riamb closes Gold refers to alloyed copper, is originated from Tibetan language, and " hiding Chinese voluminous dictionary " explains it for " referring to all kinds of loud copper products ".The main component of Riamb's alloy It is copper, and contains the precious mineral such as the metallic elements such as different proportion gold, silver, iron, lead and diamond, multicolored glass, object processed It shows different colors or forms bright-colored color lump on surface.Since Riamb has different colors, thus just chromatic colour benefit The title of Ma.It is write according to Tibet scholar's Bai Ma main officer of Tibet wave and the Jin Meilinba in 18th century in 16th century about the various of metal incision The works of Riamb's alloy material feature, wherein Riamb's copper is divided into: circle Na Kaxima, flower Riamb, Brix Ma, yellow Riamb, bonus Ma, purple Riamb, bronze Riamb, bell metal, ginger copper, Sang Tangma, just benefit.Due to its ancient complicated casting technique and sacred meaning Contain, Riamb is a kind of conventional metals material prized very highly by Tibetan.As various other Riambs (flower Riamb, yellow Riamb, purple Riamb, bonus Ma etc.), Riamb is widely used in manufacturing the figure of buddha and apparatus, has embodied the superb casting of Tibet skillful craftsman Skill also expresses the unique idea of Tibetan and their lofty, mysterious and beautiful praises to Buddhist.

Although China's figure of buddha materials industry is quickly grown, due to starting evening, starting point is low, on some sport technique segments with state International standard is compared to also there is a big difference.It develops and there is Riamb's alloy of advanced feature to be inevitable problem for industrialization, it is long Domestic many research institutions and enterprise have carried out multi-faceted trial since long, but regrettably, so far still The progress of any substance is not obtained.The thermodynamics and kinetics hand of bottom can be passed through by advanced design of material technology Section innovates Riamb's alloy material, and has very big city to the problem solution and industrialization of developing and develop new material Field value.In face of the domestic and international market competition being growing more intense, it is necessary to which paces of accelerating restructuring, this is world today's correlation neck The development trend in domain.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency in the prior art, provides a kind of Tibetan area casting unleaded high rigidity purple of the figure of buddha Riamb's alloy and its technique.

To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A kind of Tibetan area the casting figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique.By weight percentage, the group of alloy As Ca:0.4-0.6wt.%, Al:10.0-12.0wt.%, In:4.0-6.0wt.%, Bi:2.0-3.0wt.%, Sb:1.5- 1.8wt.%, Co:10.0-14.0wt.%, Au:3.0-5.0wt.%, Ag:12.0-14.0wt.%, surplus are copper.

A kind of above-mentioned Tibetan area casts the figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique, include the following steps: by As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite crucible;It is kept the temperature when melting at 1200 degree It is 10 minutes, uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 minute, which is kept the temperature, at 1200 degree after mixing evenly and is cast comes out of the stove;Alloy pours Casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.Resulting ingot casting is heated to 850- at room temperature 950 degree and keep the temperature 10 minutes;Then the melt is poured into and carries out cast molding in the mold being ready for;It is needed after cooling and demolding It carries out eliminating casting stress vacuum annealing, temperature is 400 degree, and the time is 0.5 hour;Finally needed in figure of buddha coloring process into The operation of row low-level oxidation, wherein temperature is 250 degree, and the time is 0.3 hour.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) in general solidification process of multicomponent alloys, with the generation of dendrite, interdendritic gap is due to having little time by liquid Mutually filling and generate casting cavity and it is loose.This alloy graining characteristic is to cause very much for the large-scale statue of figure of buddha rank The defect of life not only results in a large amount of cavity in part and generates, but also local material mechanical property deficiency and repairing become pole Its difficult something.Modern age to Riamb's figure of buddha alloy research shows that, be usually added into Riamb's alloy a certain amount of lead and Mercury.Since lead and mercury do not form alloy with copper, in the solidification of Riamb's alloy, with the continuous solidification of Cu rich alloy, rich lead and The liquid phase of mercury is also constantly separated from initial alloy melt.These rich lead and mercury melt are due to copper-rich melt phase of getting along well It is molten, thus gradually squeezed in the gap of dendrite in process of setting along with the generation of dendrite, and narrow at these It is finally solidified in gap, plays the effect in supplement solidification cavity.It is thus added to appropriate lead and the copper alloy of mercury is extremely suitable For casting the large-scale statue such as figure of buddha, because the solidification of this material generation is few the defects of empty.For technical term, pass The liquid alloy of Riamb's alloy of system can generate Spinodal destructive effect during solidification, and two kinds of generation is mutually insoluble Liquid phase, thus the liquid phase of low melting point can be compensated in process of setting high-melting-point liquid phase solidification when generate dendrite cavity, because And have the function of extremely beneficial.But it must be observed that lead and mercury are common heavy metals, depot accumulation time is long in human body, arranges It lets out slowly, it is toxic to nerve, blood, renal system.Worker or user after Long Term Contact is leaded and the alloy of mercury, these Heavy metal can enter respiratory tract and alimentary canal by flue dust, cause lead poisoning and mercury poisoning.It is thus of crucial importance in environmental consciousness Today, develop it is a kind of without the Tibetan area of lead and mercury cast figure of buddha Riamb's alloy, for exploitation new product and solve industry hardly possible Topic plays positive effect.

(2) Riamb's alloy of present patent application protection, initial alloy melt can be imitated due to Spinodal in temperature-fall period Copper-rich melt and rich bismuth melt should be decomposed into.Thus, which has wide solidification temperature range (350-820 degree).Wherein The solidification temperature range of main copper-rich melt is 740-820 degree, and the solidification temperature range of rich bismuth is 350-420 degree.Two kinds of liquid The temperature range that the solidification temperature range of phase is covered from 820 degree to 350 degree, thus with the alloy carry out that the figure of buddha casts when Wait, the chance and degree that molten metal and casting mold react are smaller, and the anti-air-breathing oxidability of alloy is stronger, molten metal it is pure Cleanliness improves, and improves the reuse performance of alloy.The appearance profile that the alloy casts jewelry piece after 4 reuses is clear, surface It is bright and clean, without obvious blackspot or discoloration, illustrate that the reuse of alloy is functional.Thus, the industrialization of the material not only can be improved Yield rate can also substantially reduce production cost by multiple reuse.

(3) existing Riamb's alloy casting state hardness is all lower at present, often less than 100-110 HB.This was for using Figure of buddha surface quality in journey cannot reach long-time service and require.Present patent application protection Riamb's copper alloy, due into The structure and optimizing components gone in materialogy, thus there is high hardness, it can achieve 160-180HB.Using the Riamb The figure of buddha of alloy casting, will not leave any scratch even if nail surface is streaked.After normal use 10 years, figure of buddha surface Also the scratch not formed because contacting hard object.In addition, on the figure of buddha that Riamb's alloy can be used to embody in casting process Size is only the thin of 1mm.

(4) alloy has purpuric appearance color, and the color is generated due to surface low-level oxidation nitride layer.The benefit Ma alloy has excellent corrosion resistance in the weather of Tibetan area, belongs to more stable material.Do not have in weak acid, weak base sweat Have and show active performance, corrosion resistance is also more stable in the environment of strong acid, strong basicity sweat.Riamb's alloy is in Tibetan area Corrosion rate be 1.21^-4Mm/, thus there is no apparent after using 20 years using the figure of buddha of Riamb's alloy casting Corrosion phenomenon occurs.And surface also occurs without significantly colour fading or the phenomenon that discoloration.In comparison, traditional Riamb The figure of buddha of alloy casting just has apparent corrosion phenomena after keeping in the environment of Tibet 4 years and occurs, serious to influence The perception on figure of buddha surface and clean workload.It is contemplated that the implementation and industrialization of the material will obtain excellent warp Benefit of helping and social benefit.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

A kind of Tibetan area the casting figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique.By weight percentage, the group of alloy As Ca:0.4wt.%, Al:10.0wt.%, In:4.0wt.%, Bi:2.0wt.%, Sb:1.5wt.%, Co:10.0wt.%, Au: 3.0wt.%, Ag:12.0wt.%, surplus are copper.A kind of above-mentioned Tibetan area casting figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its Technique includes the following steps: that the raw material that will as above match is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite earthenware Crucible;As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite crucible;1200 when melting Degree heat preservation 10 minutes, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 minute, which is kept the temperature, at 1200 degree after mixing evenly and is cast comes out of the stove; Alloy casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.Resulting ingot casting is heated at room temperature 850-950 degree simultaneously keeps the temperature 10 minutes;Then the melt is poured into and carries out cast molding in the mold being ready for;After cooling and demolding It carries out eliminating casting stress vacuum annealing, temperature is 400 degree, and the time is 0.5 hour;Finally needed in figure of buddha coloring process Low-level oxidation operation is carried out, wherein temperature is 250 degree, and the time is 0.3 hour.

The alloy is a kind of without the Tibetan area of lead and mercury casting figure of buddha Riamb's alloy, and has wide setting temperature model Enclose (350-820 degree).Wherein the solidification temperature range of main copper-rich melt is 740-820 degree, the solidification temperature range of rich bismuth For 350-420 degree.When being cast with the alloy progress figure of buddha, the chance and degree that molten metal and casting mold react are more Small, the degree of purity of molten metal improves, and improves the reuse performance of alloy.The alloy has high hardness, can achieve 160- 180HB.The figure of buddha cast using Riamb's alloy, will not leave any scratch even if nail surface is streaked.Using the benefit There is no apparent corrosion phenomenons to occur after using 20 years for the figure of buddha of Ma alloy casting.And surface is not also faded significantly Or the phenomenon that discoloration, occurs.In comparison, the figure of buddha of traditional Riamb's alloy casting kept in the environment of Tibet 4 years it It just has apparent corrosion phenomena afterwards to occur, the serious perception for having influenced figure of buddha surface and clean workload.

Embodiment 2

A kind of Tibetan area the casting figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique.By weight percentage, the group of alloy As Ca:0.6wt.%, Al:12.0wt.%, In:6.0wt.%, Bi:3.0wt.%, Sb:1.8wt.%, Co:14.0wt.%, Au: 5.0wt.%, Ag:14.0wt.%, surplus are copper.A kind of above-mentioned Tibetan area casting figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its Technique includes the following steps: that the raw material that will as above match is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite earthenware Crucible;As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite crucible;1200 when melting Degree heat preservation 10 minutes, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 minute, which is kept the temperature, at 1200 degree after mixing evenly and is cast comes out of the stove; Alloy casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.Resulting ingot casting is heated at room temperature 850-950 degree simultaneously keeps the temperature 10 minutes;Then the melt is poured into and carries out cast molding in the mold being ready for;After cooling and demolding It carries out eliminating casting stress vacuum annealing, temperature is 400 degree, and the time is 0.5 hour;Finally needed in figure of buddha coloring process Low-level oxidation operation is carried out, wherein temperature is 250 degree, and the time is 0.3 hour.

The alloy is a kind of without the Tibetan area of lead and mercury casting figure of buddha Riamb's alloy, and has wide setting temperature model Enclose (350-820 degree).Wherein the solidification temperature range of main copper-rich melt is 740-820 degree, the solidification temperature range of rich bismuth For 350-420 degree.When being cast with the alloy progress figure of buddha, the chance and degree that molten metal and casting mold react are more Small, the degree of purity of molten metal improves, and improves the reuse performance of alloy.The alloy has high hardness, can achieve 160- 180HB.The figure of buddha cast using Riamb's alloy, will not leave any scratch even if nail surface is streaked.Using the benefit There is no apparent corrosion phenomenons to occur after using 20 years for the figure of buddha of Ma alloy casting.And surface is not also faded significantly Or the phenomenon that discoloration, occurs.In comparison, the figure of buddha of traditional Riamb's alloy casting kept in the environment of Tibet 4 years it It just has apparent corrosion phenomena afterwards to occur, the serious perception for having influenced figure of buddha surface and clean workload.

Embodiment 3

A kind of Tibetan area the casting figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique.By weight percentage, the group of alloy As Ca:0.5wt.%, Al:11.0wt.%, In:5.0wt.%, Bi:2.5wt.%, Sb:1.6wt.%, Co:12.0wt.%, Au: 3.5wt.%, Ag:13.0wt.%, surplus are copper.A kind of above-mentioned Tibetan area casting figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its Technique includes the following steps: that the raw material that will as above match is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite earthenware Crucible;As above the raw material matched is added in the electric induction furnace under ar gas environment, and uses graphite crucible;1200 when melting Degree heat preservation 10 minutes, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;1 minute, which is kept the temperature, at 1200 degree after mixing evenly and is cast comes out of the stove; Alloy casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.Resulting ingot casting is heated at room temperature 850-950 degree simultaneously keeps the temperature 10 minutes;Then the melt is poured into and carries out cast molding in the mold being ready for;After cooling and demolding It carries out eliminating casting stress vacuum annealing, temperature is 400 degree, and the time is 0.5 hour;Finally needed in figure of buddha coloring process Low-level oxidation operation is carried out, wherein temperature is 250 degree, and the time is 0.3 hour.

The alloy is a kind of without the Tibetan area of lead and mercury casting figure of buddha Riamb's alloy, and has wide setting temperature model Enclose (350-820 degree).Wherein the solidification temperature range of main copper-rich melt is 740-820 degree, the solidification temperature range of rich bismuth For 350-420 degree.When being cast with the alloy progress figure of buddha, the chance and degree that molten metal and casting mold react are more Small, the degree of purity of molten metal improves, and improves the reuse performance of alloy.The alloy has high hardness, can achieve 160- 180HB.The figure of buddha cast using Riamb's alloy, will not leave any scratch even if nail surface is streaked.Using the benefit There is no apparent corrosion phenomenons to occur after using 20 years for the figure of buddha of Ma alloy casting.And surface is not also faded significantly Or the phenomenon that discoloration, occurs.In comparison, the figure of buddha of traditional Riamb's alloy casting kept in the environment of Tibet 4 years it It just has apparent corrosion phenomena afterwards to occur, the serious perception for having influenced figure of buddha surface and clean workload.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of Tibetan area casts the figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique；According to weight percent, the alloy Ingredient are as follows: Ca:0.4-0.6wt.%, Al:10.0-12.0wt.%, In:4.0-6.0wt.%, Bi:2.0-3.0wt.%, Sb: 1.5-1.8wt.%,Co:10.0-

14.0wt.%, Au:3.0-5.0wt.%, Ag:12.0-14.0wt.%, surplus are copper.

2. a kind of Tibetan area casts the figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique according to claim 1, special Sign is to include following smelting step: in the electric induction furnace that the raw material as above matched is added under ar gas environment, and using stone Black crucible;10 minutes are kept the temperature at 1200 degree when melting, it is uniform by Efco-Northrup furnace electromagnetic agitation;It is protected after mixing evenly at 1200 degree Temperature 1 minute and cast come out of the stove;Alloy casting uses the punching block of diameter 20-30mm, and is cooled down by the way of water cooling.

3. a kind of Tibetan area casts the figure of buddha unleaded high rigidity purple Riamb's alloy and its technique according to claim 1, special Sign is comprising using step as follows: resulting ingot casting being heated to 850-950 degree at room temperature and keeps the temperature 10 minutes;Then will The melt, which pours into, carries out cast molding in the mold being ready for;Elimination casting stress vacuum is carried out after cooling and demolding to move back Fire, temperature are 400 degree, and the time is 0.5 hour;It finally needs to carry out low-level oxidation operation in figure of buddha coloring process, wherein temperature It is 250 degree, the time is 0.3 hour.