CN108956376B - Food rheological property detection system - Google Patents
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- CN108956376B CN108956376B CN201810429325.XA CN201810429325A CN108956376B CN 108956376 B CN108956376 B CN 108956376B CN 201810429325 A CN201810429325 A CN 201810429325A CN 108956376 B CN108956376 B CN 108956376B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of food detection, and particularly relates to a food rheological property detection system. The detection system comprises a machine body, a lifting experiment table system, a pneumatic generation system, a deformation detection system, a stress sensing system and a control and information processing system. The process for detecting the rheological property of the food comprises the following steps: the food sample to be tested is placed on the tray, air compressed by the air compressor sequentially passes through the pressure regulating valve and the two-stage air filtration, is adjusted to specific pressure by the electric proportional valve, then enters the electromagnetic valve, finally enters the air chamber and is sprayed out by the nozzle, and the sprayed air acts on the surface of the food sample to be tested to generate compression deformation. The method comprises the steps that a laser displacement sensor collects deformation information of a food sample to be detected, an electromagnetic force balance sensor collects pressure information of the surface of the food sample to be detected, the information is fed back to an embedded microprocessor to be processed, and rheological property information of the food sample to be detected is finally obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food detection, and particularly relates to a food rheological property detection system.
Background
Food products are referred to as having viscoelasticity in view of their viscous and elastic properties. The effective method for studying the viscoelasticity of food is to study the rheological property of the food. The invention mainly relates to three parts of transient response characteristic, creep characteristic and stress relaxation characteristic of food.
The rheological property of the food can effectively reflect the food processing property and the change process of the food quality along with the storage process, so that the research on the rheological property of the food has important significance.
In the current rheological property detection method, an instrument method is commonly used, and the main instruments used comprise a texture analyzer, a rheometer and a dynamic thermodynamic analyzer. The instrument has high testing precision, but has a plurality of problems and is not flexible in some testing aspects. For example, first, the detection of transient response characteristics of an object to be detected requires maintaining high detection efficiency while obtaining stable detection results, which is not achieved by the above-mentioned apparatuses. Secondly, the instrument mostly adopts a contact type pressure head, so that pollution is easily caused among different test samples; meanwhile, if the assembly, disassembly and cleaning are carried out each time, the testing efficiency is also reduced. Thirdly, the price of the instrument is relatively expensive, and most of the instruments are used in laboratories and large enterprises, so that the instruments are not easy to popularize.
The pneumatic (air pressure) technique has been widely studied in recent years as a viscoelastic detection means, for example, intraocular pressure detection, varicosity detection, and the like in the medical field, and exploratory studies have also been conducted on freshness, coefficient force, and tenderness detection of meat in the field of quality detection of agricultural products. However, in view of published research results, pneumatic detection of food rheological properties is only reported. According to analysis and literature review of the problems in the prior art, the following problems mainly exist, namely, the control precision of a control system has a problem that accurate control of pneumatic force cannot be realized, so that the high-precision requirement of rheological characteristics on the force is met. Secondly, after the gas is sprayed out from the nozzle, the strength changes obviously, and the strength values at different distances from the nozzle opening are not easy to determine. Thirdly, when the air pressure is regulated and controlled by the electric proportional valve, the diameter of the air outlet is far smaller than that of the air inlet so as to ensure that the electric proportional valve works normally under the environment similar to a closed source, meanwhile, the deformation of a sample is ensured to be effectively collected by the laser sensor, the air path and the light path are required to be coaxial, the working principle of the laser sensor is a triangular loop, and the requirement for the caliber of an air nozzle is high, so that the contradiction is generated between the requirement for the caliber of the nozzle to be as small as possible when the electric proportional valve works. Meanwhile, it is much more difficult to ensure that the strain is unchanged when detecting the stress relaxation, and to ensure that the stress is unchanged when creep deformation. Due to the above problems, the rheological property measurement including transient response property, creep property and stress relaxation property is not easy to be realized.
The invention mainly aims at foods with viscoelasticity, particularly meat products, jam, liquid chocolate, partial rice and flour products and the like, mainly adopts a testing means of a pneumatic-laser technology, and simultaneously uses an embedded microprocessor with a Cortex A8 framework to detect rheological properties of the foods, particularly the transient response property, the creep property and the stress relaxation property of the foods.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to effectively control the strength and the laser and realize the detection of the rheological property of the food, particularly comprising three aspects of the detection of the instantaneous response property, the detection of the creep property and the detection of the stress relaxation property of the food, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A food rheological property detection system comprises a machine body, a lifting experiment table system, a pneumatic generation system, a deformation detection system, a stress sensing system and a control and information processing system,
the lifting experiment table system, the deformation detection system, the stress sensing system and the control and information processing system are arranged on the machine body;
the lifting experiment table system comprises a lifting table driving motor 2, a lifting table 9, a horizontal moving slide rail 10 and a lifting table motor driver 16;
the lifting platform motor driver 16 is connected with the lifting platform driving motor 2 and is used for driving the lifting platform driving motor 2; the lifting platform driving motor 2 is connected with the lifting platform 9 and is used for controlling the lifting of the lifting platform 9; the horizontal moving slide rail 10 is positioned above the lifting platform 9, is connected with the lifting platform 9, is used for horizontal movement, and is lifted along with the lifting platform 9;
the pneumatic generation system comprises an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve 5, a two-stage air filter 7, an electromagnetic valve 23, an electric proportional valve 24 and an air chamber 13;
the pressure regulating valve 5, the two-stage air filter 7, the electromagnetic valve 23, the electric proportional valve 24 and the air chamber 13 are arranged at the upper part of the machine body;
the air compressor is connected with a pressure regulating valve 5, the pressure regulating valve 5 is connected with a two-stage air filter 7, the two-stage air filter 7 is connected with an electric proportional valve 24, the electric proportional valve 24 is connected with an electromagnetic valve 23, and the electromagnetic valve 23 is connected with an air chamber 13;
the pressure regulating valve 5 comprises a pressure regulating valve body and a pressure gauge 6; the air chamber 13 comprises a window 14, an air chamber main body and a nozzle 12 from top to bottom in sequence, the window 14 is positioned right above the nozzle 12, and the window 14 and the nozzle 12 are made of quartz stone;
the deformation detection system comprises a laser displacement sensor 18, a laser signal amplifier 21 and a laser signal conversion module 22;
the laser displacement sensor 18 is positioned right above the air chamber 13 and is connected with a laser signal amplifier 21, the laser signal amplifier 21 is connected with a laser signal conversion module 22, the laser displacement sensor 18 is used for collecting deformation information of a food sample 4 to be detected in real time, and an incident light path of the laser displacement sensor 18 is coaxial with the nozzle 12 for ejecting air flow;
the stress sensing system includes an electromagnetic force balance sensor 11;
the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 is installed above the horizontal moving slide rail 10, a tray is arranged on the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11, the tray is used for placing a food sample 4 to be detected, the food sample 4 to be detected is located below the nozzle 12, the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 collects pressure information of ejected airflow on the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected in a plane sensing mode in real time, the pressure information of the ejected airflow on the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected is collected in the plane sensing mode in real time, namely the airflow is ejected from the nozzle 12 and acts on the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected, after the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected receives the pressure of the airflow, the pressure on the whole surface of the food sample 4 to be detected is transmitted to the tray, and the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 located below the tray collects the pressure information on the surface of the tray completely, the measurement precision of the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 is not lower than 0.01N;
the control and information processing system comprises an embedded microprocessor, an embedded all-in-one machine 15 and an A/D conversion module; the embedded microprocessor is in communication connection with the laser signal conversion module 22 through a serial port; the embedded microprocessor is connected with the lifting platform motor driver 16 and controls the lifting of the lifting platform 9 through the lifting platform motor driver 16 and the lifting platform driving motor 2 in sequence; the embedded microprocessor is connected with the electromagnetic valve 23 and is used for controlling the on-off of the electromagnetic valve 23; the embedded microprocessor is connected with the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 and is used for receiving pressure information acquired by the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 in real time; the embedded microprocessor is connected with the A/D conversion module, controls the voltage of the electric proportional valve 24 through the A/D conversion module, further controls the air flux of the electric proportional valve 24, and finally obtains the strength required by food rheological property detection of the food sample 4 to be detected; the embedded all-in-one machine 15 is connected with an embedded microprocessor and is provided with a command execution key and a data graphic display area; the embedded microprocessor is used for storing and processing the received information to obtain rheological property parameters of the food sample 4 to be detected; and displays the processing information in the data graph display area, receives the control command information of the command execution key, and controls the electromagnetic valve 23, the electric proportional valve 24 and the lifting platform motor driver 16.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the material of the window 14 and the nozzle 12 is quartz stone with the transmittance not lower than 80%; the nozzle 12 is provided with a connecting section 25, a converging section 26 and a rectifying section 27 from top to bottom; the connecting section 25 is in threaded connection with the air chamber main body, the ratio of the lengths of the convergence section 26 and the rectification section 27 is not more than 1:1.3, and the ratio of the length of the rectification section 27 to the diameter of an air outlet hole in the rectification section 27 is not less than 3: 1; the diameter of the air outlet hole in the rectifying section 27 is not more than 3 mm.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the working pressure of the air compressor is not lower than 0.5 MPa; the electric proportional valve 24 is provided with a pressure gauge for monitoring and displaying the pressure value of air entering the electric proportional valve 24; the control voltage of the electric proportional valve 24 varies in a range of 0-5V, and when the voltage varies from 0V to 5V, the air flux of the electric proportional valve 24 gradually increases, so that the pressure of the air flowing out of the electric proportional valve 24 gradually increases from zero to 0.5 MPa.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the embedded microprocessor is an ARM embedded microprocessor adopting a Cortex A8 architecture; and the serial port communication adopts RS232 serial port transmission.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the measurement precision of the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 is 0.0098N.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the lifting platform 9 is a scissor-fork type lifting platform; the lifting platform driving motor 2 is a stepping motor
On the basis of the technical scheme, the machine body comprises a top plate, side plates and a bottom plate; the top plate and the side plates are connected with each other through an L-shaped connecting piece 20 and a screw, and the side plates and the bottom plate are connected with each other through the L-shaped connecting piece 20 and the screw; four corners of the bottom of the machine body are respectively provided with a ground foot 1; the electromagnetic valve 23, the electric proportional valve 24, the laser displacement sensor 18, the laser signal amplifier 21 and the laser signal conversion module 22 are positioned below the top plate and are fixedly connected with the L-shaped connecting piece 20 through the hanging plate 19; the L-shaped connecting piece 20 is fixedly connected with the machine body through a screw; the outside of elevating platform driving motor 2 is equipped with motor dustproof protection cover 3.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the front end of the lower part of the machine body is provided with a power switch 8 for starting a food rheological property detection system; and a switching power supply 17 is arranged on a side plate of the machine body and used for reducing the 220v illumination voltage to 24v and supplying power to a food rheological property detection system.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the air compressor is connected with the pressure regulating valve 5 through a first pipeline; the pressure regulating valve 5 is connected with the two-stage air filter 7 in a sealing manner through threads; the two-stage air filter 7 is connected with the electric proportional valve 24 through a second pipeline; the electric proportional valve 24 is connected with the electromagnetic valve 23 through a third pipeline; the electromagnetic valve 23 is connected with the air chamber 13 through a pipeline IV and an air path joint in sequence; the inner diameters of the first pipeline and the second pipeline are larger than those of the third pipeline, the fourth pipeline and the gas path joint.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the air compressor is connected with the pressure regulating valve 5 through a pipeline with the diameter of 12 multiplied by 8mm (outer diameter multiplied by inner diameter); the pressure regulating valve 5 is connected with the two-stage air filter 7 in a sealing manner through threads; the two-stage air filter 7 is connected with the electric proportional valve 24 through a pipeline with the diameter of 12 multiplied by 8mm (the outer diameter multiplied by the inner diameter); the electric proportional valve 24 is connected with the electromagnetic valve 23 through a pipeline with the diameter of 10 multiplied by 6.5mm (the outer diameter multiplied by the inner diameter); the electromagnetic valve 23 is connected with the air chamber 13 through a pipeline with the diameter of 10 multiplied by 6.5mm (the outer diameter multiplied by the inner diameter) and an air path joint with the inner diameter of 6.5mm in sequence.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the command execution key comprises a reset button, and in the detection process, when an emergency occurs, the reset button is pressed down, so that the lifting platform 9 is automatically reset to the initial position.
The specific process for detecting the food rheological property by using the food rheological property detection system is as follows:
placing a food sample 4 to be tested on a tray, starting a food rheological property detection system through a power switch 8, and automatically adjusting a lifting platform 9 from an initial position to a zero position, wherein the zero position is the optimal test position of the food rheological property detection system;
compressing and pressurizing air by adopting an air compressor;
the pressure of the compressed and pressurized air is regulated by a pressure regulating valve 5;
performing two-stage air filtration on the air after pressure regulation to filter out impurities such as water, oil, dust and the like in the air;
the air after the two-stage air filtration 7 enters an electric proportional valve 24;
the embedded microprocessor performs pressure output regulation control on the electric proportional valve 24, and air flows out of the electric proportional valve 24 and enters the electromagnetic valve 23;
the switch of the electromagnetic valve 23 is opened under the control of the embedded microprocessor, and air enters the air chamber 13;
the air entering the air chamber 13 is sprayed out by the nozzle 12 and acts on the surface of the food sample 4 to be measured;
the laser displacement sensor 18 collects deformation information (deformation information) of the surface of the food sample 4 to be measured in real time;
the deformation information is amplified and transmitted to a laser signal conversion module 22 through a laser signal amplifier 21, and then transmitted to an embedded microprocessor through serial port communication for feedback, storage and processing to obtain strain information, and a time-strain curve is obtained;
the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 collects pressure information of the ejected air on the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected in real time, and transmits the pressure information to the embedded microprocessor for feedback, storage and processing, and the pressure information is converted into stress data; the embedded microprocessor processes the transmitted data information (including deformation information and pressure information) to obtain rheological property parameters of the food sample 4 to be measured; according to the size of the food sample 4 to be measured, multipoint detection is implemented through the horizontal movement of the horizontal moving slide rail 10, the embedded microprocessor carries out average processing on multipoint detection data, and the measured rheological property parameters are ensured to be more accurate.
The lifting platform 9 automatically resets to the initial position, and the food sample 4 to be measured is taken down from the tray.
In the process of filling air into the air chamber 13, the nozzles 12 simultaneously exhaust air, so that the pressure increase process in the air chamber 13 is a dynamic process; therefore, the pressure in the air chamber 13 is balanced and stable, and a certain time is required; the air pressure discharged from the nozzle 12 is measured by an electromagnetic force balance sensor 11, and the time required for the pressure in the air chamber 13 to reach a balanced and stable state, which is the time required for the pneumatic force to change from 0 to a set value, is determined, and is referred to as the time required for the system pneumatic force to reach a stable state. In the process of detecting the rheological property, the set action time of the pneumatic force is the theoretical determination time of the rheological property, and the actual action time of the pneumatic force comprises two parts of the theoretical determination time of the rheological property and the time required by the pneumatic force of the system to reach stability. When the instantaneous response characteristic is detected, the embedded microprocessor controls the electric proportional valve 24 to enable the pneumatic force to reach a set value required by the detection of the instantaneous response characteristic, wherein the set value is determined according to the type of the food sample 4 to be detected, for example, when the food sample 4 to be detected is a meat product, the set value is 0.06MPa, and under the pneumatic force set value, good rheological characteristic of the meat product can be obtained; after the pressure in the air chamber 13 is balanced and stable, the continuous action time of the air force is not more than 1s, the surface of the food sample 4 to be tested is quickly beaten, then the electromagnetic valve 23 and the electric proportional valve 24 are closed, and the pressure unloading stage is started; in the process from the loading moment when the pneumatic force acts on the food sample 4 to be detected to the deformation end of the food sample 4 to be detected, the laser displacement sensor 18 collects the deformation information of the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected, and transmits the deformation information to the embedded microprocessor for storage and processing through the communication of the laser signal amplifier 21, the laser signal A/D conversion module 22 and the serial port in sequence, so that the time-strain data of the instantaneous response characteristic and the parameters of the elastic modulus and the elastic recovery time are obtained.
When the creep characteristic is detected, the embedded microprocessor controls the pneumatic force of the electric proportional valve 24 to reach a pneumatic force value corresponding to a stress value required by creep, the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected is subjected to constant pneumatic force from the nozzle 12, and the creep behavior of the food sample 4 to be detected occurs under the action of the constant pneumatic force; according to the pressure information detected by the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11, the pressure information is fed back to the embedded microprocessor, and then the pressure is increased or reduced through the electric proportional valve 24, so that the constant air force on the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected is kept in the creep characteristic detection process; after the pressure in the air chamber 13 is balanced and stable, the constant air force is kept for a certain time, then the air force is unloaded, and the food sample 4 to be detected recovers deformation after being not pressed any more; in the process from the loading moment when the pneumatic force acts on the food sample 4 to be detected to the completion of creep characteristic detection, the laser displacement sensor 18 collects deformation information of the food sample 4 to be detected in real time, the deformation information is transmitted to the embedded microprocessor through the laser signal amplifier 21, the laser signal A/D conversion module 22 and serial port communication for storage and processing, time-strain data of creep characteristic is obtained, meanwhile, the pressure information is transmitted and fed back to the embedded microprocessor in real time through the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11, and creep time, creep stress and creep compliance parameters are obtained through calculation by the embedded microprocessor.
When the creep characteristic is detected, the embedded microprocessor controls the pneumatic force of the electric proportional valve 24 to reach an air pressure value corresponding to a stress value required by creep, the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected is subjected to constant pneumatic force from the nozzle 12, and the creep behavior of the food sample 4 to be detected occurs under the action of the constant pneumatic force; after the pressure in the air chamber 13 is balanced and stabilized, the embedded microprocessor calculates the pulse number required by the lifting platform motor driver 16 to drive the lifting platform 9 according to the deformation information of the food sample 4 to be detected, which is acquired by the laser displacement sensor 18 in real time, and sends the pulse number to the lifting platform motor driver 16, the lifting platform 9 is controlled to lift through the lifting platform driving motor 2, the distance between the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected and the air outlet plane of the nozzle 12 is kept unchanged, and therefore the pneumatic force acting on the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected is kept unchanged; keeping constant strength for a certain time, and meanwhile, in the process of keeping constant strength, calculating and converting the pulse number sent to the lifting platform motor driver 16 into strain information by the embedded microprocessor; then, unloading pneumatically, recovering the compression deformation of the food sample 4 to be detected, and acquiring deformation information of the food sample 4 to be detected in real time by the laser displacement sensor 18 in the process from the loading moment when the pneumatic force acts on the food sample 4 to be detected to the completion of creep characteristic detection, and transmitting the deformation information to the embedded microprocessor for storage and processing through the communication of the laser signal amplifier 21, the laser signal A/D conversion module 22 and the serial port to obtain time-strain data of the creep characteristic; meanwhile, the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 transmits and feeds back pressure information to the embedded microprocessor in real time; and the embedded microprocessor obtains creep time, creep stress and creep compliance parameters through calculation processing.
When the stress relaxation characteristic is detected, the embedded microprocessor detects the required strain and the stored pneumatic supplementary model according to the stress relaxation characteristic, controls the electric proportional valve 24, realizes the pneumatic corresponding to the required strain, and compresses the food sample 4 to be detected; in the process of strain maintenance, the food sample 4 to be tested is subjected to relaxation behavior, namely, the internal stress is changed, the laser displacement sensor 18 detects the strain condition of the food sample 4 to be tested in real time, when the strain has a small change amount, the laser displacement sensor 18 feeds the change amount back to the embedded microprocessor, the embedded microprocessor controls the electric proportional valve 24 to regulate the strength according to the strength supplement model, and the strain of the food sample 4 to be tested is kept constant until the stress relaxation characteristic detection is finished; in the process from the loading moment when the pneumatic force acts on the food sample 4 to be detected to the completion of the detection of the stress relaxation characteristic, the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 transmits and feeds back pressure information to the embedded microprocessor; the embedded microprocessor records the pneumatic monitoring value (pressure information), calculates the pneumatic regulating quantity, regulating time and regulating rule, and obtains time-stress data, relaxation time and relaxation modulus parameters after processing.
The pneumatic supplement model comprises the following steps:
assuming that L is the displacement variable from the outlet face of the nozzle 12 and F is the pneumatic variable at L, the pneumatic compensation model is: when the pneumatic control of the electric proportional valve 24 on the surface of the food sample 4 to be measured is a certain constant value, the relationship that F changes along with the change of the L value; the pneumatic supplementary model is a second-order exponential decay model, and is shown as a formula (1)
Wherein k is1、k2、k3And k4Is a coefficient, k5Is a constant number, k1、k2、k3、k4And k5The determination of specific values of (c) is obtained by fitting the measured specific data of F and L.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention adopts an open and cantilever type device structure, and has beautiful structure and convenient operation. By adopting the quartz micro nozzle 12 with high light transmittance (more than or equal to 80%) and an inner diameter of 3mm as a key structure for generating force, the requirement that the air outlet aperture of the nozzle 12 is far smaller than the inner diameter (8mm) of the air inlet of the electric proportional valve 24 is met, the electric proportional valve 24 can effectively adjust the air pressure in an environment similar to a closed source, and the requirement that the triangular return light of the laser displacement sensor 18 under the micro nozzle 12 is not blocked is also met. This application is different according to the kind of the food sample 4 that awaits measuring, and the strength that satisfies different demands supplements the model to the structure, when effectively having solved the detection stress relaxation characteristic, how to guarantee the invariable problem of meeting an emergency. According to the method, the ARM embedded microprocessor with the Cortex A8 framework is used for effectively and stably acquiring or controlling information of the electromagnetic valve 23, the electric proportional valve 24, the lifting platform 9, the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 and the laser displacement sensor 18, and rheological property detection including transient response property, creep property and stress relaxation property detection of a food sample 4 to be detected is realized.
Drawings
The invention has the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the left side structure of the food rheological property detection system of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the right side structure of the food rheological property detection system of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the nozzle 12 of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of the nozzle 12 of FIG. 3
FIG. 5 is a pneumatic supplementary model of the electric proportional valve 24 with a controlled air pressure of 0.06MPa
Reference numerals: the device comprises a ground foot 1, a lifting platform driving motor 2, a motor dustproof protective cover 3, a food sample to be detected 4, a pressure regulating valve 5, a pressure gauge 6, a two-stage air filter 7, a power switch 8, a lifting platform 9, a horizontal moving slide rail 10, an electromagnetic force balance sensor 11, a nozzle 12, an air chamber 13, a window 14, an embedded all-in-one machine 15, a lifting platform motor driver 16, a switching power supply 17, a laser displacement sensor 18, a pendant plate 19, a laser signal amplifier 21 of a 20L-shaped connecting piece, a laser signal conversion module 22, an electromagnetic valve 23, an electrical proportional valve 24, a connecting section 25, a convergence section 26, a rectification section
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a power switch 8 is pressed to start a food rheological characteristic detection system, an air compressor compresses and pressurizes air, the air passes through a pipeline with 12 × 8mm (outer diameter × inner diameter) and then through a pressure regulating valve 5 to control high-pressure air, the air pressure is regulated to a required rated air pressure according to a detection requirement, the regulated air enters a two-stage air filter 7, the air is filtered, impurities such as water, oil and dust in the air are filtered, and clean air is obtained. The embedded microprocessor with a Cortex A8 framework performs air pressure output regulation control on the electric proportional valve 24 through an A/D conversion module, the air pressure is controlled to be a certain specific pressure, and the air flows through a pipeline with the diameter of 10 multiplied by 6.5mm (the outer diameter multiplied by the inner diameter) and enters the electromagnetic valve 23; the embedded microprocessor controls the on-off of the electromagnetic valve 23, so that the electromagnetic valve 23 is opened, and air flows out of the electromagnetic valve 23. The output air with specific pressure sequentially passes through a pipeline with the diameter of 10 multiplied by 6.5mm (outer diameter multiplied by inner diameter) and an air path joint with the inner diameter of 6.5mm to enter the air chamber 13, and finally, the air is ejected from the nozzle 12. Because the aperture of the air inlet of the nozzle 12 is far larger than that of the air outlet (the air outlet hole in the rectifying section 27), and the controllable maximum air pressure of the electric proportional valve 24 is 0.5MPa, the air chamber 13 is rapidly inflated to achieve the air balance stable state. The air ejected from the nozzle 12 acts on the surface of the food sample 4 to be measured, so that the surface of the food sample 4 to be measured is compressed and deformed. At this time, the laser displacement sensor 18 collects the deformation information of the surface of the food sample 4 to be measured, and then the deformation information is amplified by the laser signal amplifier 21 and transmitted to the embedded microprocessor through the laser signal conversion module 22 in sequence. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 under the food sample 4 to be measured collects pressure information in real time and transmits the pressure information to the embedded microprocessor. The embedded microprocessor processes, calculates, stores and feeds back the pressure information transmitted from the laser displacement sensor 18 and the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11, and obtains instantaneous response characteristic parameters such as elastic modulus and elastic recovery time, creep characteristic parameters such as creep time, creep stress and creep compliance, and stress relaxation characteristic parameters such as relaxation time and relaxation modulus.
A horizontal moving slide rail 10 is arranged between the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 and the lifting platform 9, multipoint detection can be implemented through sliding according to the size of a food sample 4 to be detected, and the embedded microprocessor carries out average processing on detection data, so that the detection result is more stable and reliable.
According to the characteristics of the laser displacement sensor 18 used by the detection system, the lower limit distance from the laser displacement sensor 18 is 75mm, and the effective measurement deformation range is 0-55 mm. Therefore, after the food rheological property detection system is started and the food sample 4 to be detected is additionally installed, the lifting platform 9 starts to automatically lift, so that the distance from the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected to the laser displacement sensor 18 is 75mm, namely, the process of 'zeroing' after the starting is finished.
For the detection of the transient response characteristic, at this time, the embedded microprocessor controls the electric proportional valve 24 to enable the flux thereof to reach a set value, so that the rapid inflation of the air chamber 13 is realized, and the dynamic balance and the stability of the exhaust of the nozzle 12 are achieved. At the moment, the electric proportional valve 24 is continuously opened for 1s and then closed to realize rapid striking on the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected, the laser displacement sensor 18 collects deformation information generated after the food sample 4 to be detected is stressed, the deformation information sequentially passes through the laser signal amplifier 21, the laser signal A/D conversion module 22 and the serial port for communication, enters the embedded microprocessor for calculation and processing, and extracts instantaneous response characteristic parameters such as elastic modulus, elastic recovery time and the like to finish instantaneous response characteristic detection.
For a first implementation of creep characteristic detection, the embedded microprocessor controls the electric proportional valve 24 to bring its flux to a certain value. The air is ejected through the air chamber 13 and the nozzle 12 in sequence, so that the surface of the food sample 4 to be measured is pressed to deform, and the strength is changed along with the gradual reduction of the deformation. At this time, the pressure information detected by the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 is fed back to the embedded microprocessor, the ventilation volume of the electric proportional valve 24 is adjusted by the embedded microprocessor, the pressure at the air outlet of the nozzle 12 is increased or decreased, and finally the pressure applied to the surface of the food sample 4 to be measured is kept constant. The nozzle developed by the invention has the optimized length ratio of the convergent section to the rectifying section and the length ratio of the rectifying section to the air outlet caliber (the diameter of an air outlet hole in the rectifying section 27), so that the air flow keeps good cylindricity within 50mm after being emitted from the nozzle 12. After the pressure in the air chamber 13 is balanced and stable, the constant air force is kept for a certain time, then the air force is unloaded, and the food sample 4 to be measured recovers deformation after being not pressed any more. In the process from the loading moment when the pneumatic force acts on the food sample 4 to be detected to the completion of creep characteristic detection, the laser displacement sensor 18 collects deformation information of the food sample 4 to be detected in real time, the deformation information is transmitted to the embedded microprocessor for storage and processing through the laser signal amplifier 21, the laser signal A/D conversion module 22 and serial port communication, time-strain data of the creep characteristic is obtained, meanwhile, the pressure information is transmitted and fed back to the embedded microprocessor in real time through the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11, and the embedded microprocessor performs calculation. And finally, acquiring time-stress data, extracting creep characteristic parameters such as creep time, creep stress, creep compliance and the like, and completing the detection of the creep characteristic of the food.
The second creep characteristic detection scheme is that the electric proportional valve 24 is opened, the embedded microprocessor controls the air force of the electric proportional valve 24 to reach the air pressure value corresponding to the stress value required by creep, the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected is subjected to the constant air force from the nozzle 12, under the action of the constant air force, the food sample 4 to be detected generates a creep behavior, the embedded microprocessor calculates the pulse number required by the lifting platform motor driver 16 to drive the lifting platform 9 according to the deformation information of the food sample 4 to be detected, which is acquired by the laser displacement sensor 18 in real time, and sends the pulse number to the lifting platform motor driver 16, the lifting platform 9 is controlled to lift through the lifting platform driving motor 2, the lifting platform 9 drives the food sample 4 to be detected to lift, the distance between the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected and the air outlet plane of the nozzle 12 is kept unchanged, and therefore the pneumatic force acting on the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected is unchanged; keeping constant pressure for a certain time, meanwhile, in the process of keeping constant strength, calculating and converting the pulse number sent to the lifting platform motor driver 16 into strain information by the embedded microprocessor, wherein each pulse corresponds to a certain lifting height, and the lifting rule in the creep deformation detection process is obtained by recording the pulse number by the microprocessor, and the strain change rule of the sample can be obtained by calculating the lifting rule; then unloading the force, recovering the deformation of the food sample 4 to be detected under pressure, acquiring the deformation information of the food sample 4 to be detected in real time by the laser displacement sensor 18 in the process from the loading moment of acting the force on the food sample 4 to be detected to the completion of creep characteristic detection, transmitting the deformation information to the embedded microprocessor for storage and processing through the communication of the laser signal amplifier 21, the laser signal A/D conversion module 22 and the serial port to obtain time-strain data, and transmitting and feeding back the pressure information to the embedded microprocessor by the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 in real time; and the embedded microprocessor obtains creep parameters such as creep time, creep stress, creep compliance and the like through calculation processing, and completes the detection of the creep characteristic of the food.
When the stress relaxation characteristic is detected, the food sample 4 to be detected is compressed by air sprayed from the nozzle 12, the deformation information of the food sample 4 to be detected is detected by the laser displacement sensor 18 and is processed by the embedded microprocessor to obtain strain information, when the food sample 4 to be detected reaches the set strain, the embedded microprocessor effectively calculates through a pneumatic supplementary model, and when the stress relaxation of the food sample 4 to be detected occurs, the displacement change value of the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected, which is required to be adjusted, from the surface of the air outlet of the nozzle 12 is calculated to ensure the set strain.
When the pneumatic control of the electric proportional valve 24 on the surface of the food sample 4 to be measured is 0.06MPa, the constructed pneumatic supplementary model is shown as the formula (2), and the graph is shown as fig. 5.
F＝-0.17e(-L/2.8)-0.04e(L/48.8)+0.26 (2)
Where L is the displacement variable from the surface of the outlet orifice of the nozzle 12 and F is the pneumatic variable at L, which belongs to a second order attenuation exponential model.
In the process from the loading moment when the pneumatic force acts on the food sample 4 to be detected to the completion of the detection of the stress relaxation characteristic, the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 transmits and feeds back pressure information to the embedded microprocessor; the embedded microprocessor records the pneumatic monitoring value (pressure information), obtains parameters such as a time-stress curve, relaxation time, relaxation modulus and the like, and completes the detection of the stress relaxation characteristic of the food.
After rheological property detection is finished, the food sample 4 to be detected is taken down from the tray, the reset button is pressed, the lifting platform 9 automatically resets to the initial position, namely, after the surface of the food sample 4 to be detected is 18-120 mm away from the laser displacement sensor, the food rheological property detection system is closed, the electric proportional valve 24, the electromagnetic valve 23, the electromagnetic force balance sensor 11 and the laser displacement sensor 18 are sequentially closed, the whole food rheological property detection system is in a standby state, and when the power switch 8 is pressed, the food rheological property detection system is powered off.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also fall into the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A food rheological property detection system is characterized in that: comprises a machine body, a lifting experiment table system, a pneumatic generating system, a deformation detecting system, a stress sensing system and a control and information processing system,
the lifting experiment table system, the deformation detection system, the stress sensing system and the control and information processing system are arranged on the machine body;
the lifting experiment table system comprises a lifting table driving motor (2), a lifting table (9), a horizontal moving slide rail (10) and a lifting table motor driver (16);
the lifting platform motor driver (16) is connected with the lifting platform driving motor (2) and is used for driving the lifting platform driving motor (2); the lifting platform driving motor (2) is connected with the lifting platform (9) and is used for controlling the lifting of the lifting platform (9); the horizontal moving slide rail (10) is positioned above the lifting platform (9), is connected with the lifting platform (9), is used for moving horizontally and is lifted along with the lifting platform (9);
the pneumatic generation system comprises an air compressor, a pressure regulating valve (5), a two-stage air filter (7), an electromagnetic valve (23), an electric proportional valve (24) and an air chamber (13);
the pressure regulating valve (5), the two-stage air filter (7), the electromagnetic valve (23), the electric proportional valve (24) and the air chamber (13) are arranged at the upper part of the machine body;
the air compressor is connected with a pressure regulating valve (5), the pressure regulating valve (5) is connected with two-stage air filters (7), the two-stage air filters (7) are connected with an electric proportional valve (24), the electric proportional valve (24) is connected with an electromagnetic valve (23), and the electromagnetic valve (23) is connected with an air chamber (13);
the pressure regulating valve (5) comprises a pressure regulating valve body and a pressure gauge (6); the air chamber (13) sequentially comprises a window (14), an air chamber main body and a nozzle (12) from top to bottom, the window (14) is positioned right above the nozzle (12), and the window (14) and the nozzle (12) are made of quartz stone;
the deformation detection system comprises a laser displacement sensor (18), a laser signal amplifier (21) and a laser signal conversion module (22);
the device comprises a gas chamber (13), a laser displacement sensor (18), a laser signal amplifier (21), a laser signal conversion module (22), a laser signal conversion module (18) and a nozzle (12), wherein the laser displacement sensor (18) is positioned right above the gas chamber (13) and connected with the laser signal amplifier (21), the laser signal amplifier (21) is connected with the laser signal conversion module (22), the laser displacement sensor (18) is used for acquiring deformation information of a food sample (4) to be detected in real time, and an incident light path of the;
the stress sensing system comprises an electromagnetic force balance sensor (11);
the device comprises an electromagnetic force balance sensor (11), a tray, a nozzle (12), a plane supporting function of the tray, a horizontal moving sliding rail (10), a horizontal moving sliding rail (11), a horizontal moving sliding rail (10), a horizontal moving sliding rail (12), a horizontal moving sliding rail (2), a horizontal moving sliding rail (10), a horizontal moving sliding rail (11), a horizontal moving sliding rail (2), a horizontal moving sliding rail (10), a horizontal moving sliding;
the control and information processing system comprises an embedded microprocessor, an embedded all-in-one machine (15) and an A/D conversion module; the embedded microprocessor is in communication connection with the laser signal conversion module (22) through a serial port; the embedded microprocessor is connected with the lifting platform motor driver (16) and controls the lifting platform (9) to lift through the lifting platform motor driver (16) and the lifting platform driving motor (2) in sequence; the embedded microprocessor is connected with the electromagnetic valve (23) and is used for controlling the on-off of the electromagnetic valve (23); the embedded microprocessor is connected with the electromagnetic force balance sensor (11) and is used for receiving pressure information acquired by the electromagnetic force balance sensor (11) in real time; the embedded microprocessor is connected with the A/D conversion module, and controls the voltage of the electric proportional valve (24) through the A/D conversion module, so as to control the air flux of the electric proportional valve (24); the embedded all-in-one machine (15) is connected with the embedded microprocessor and is provided with a command execution key and a data graphic display area; the embedded microprocessor is used for storing and processing the received information, displaying the processed information in a data graph display area, receiving control command information of a command execution key and controlling the electromagnetic valve (23), the electric proportional valve (24) and the lifting platform motor driver (16);
the material of the window (14) and the nozzle (12) is quartz stone with the transmittance not lower than 80%; the nozzle (12) is sequentially provided with a connecting section (25), a converging section (26) and a rectifying section (27) from top to bottom; the connecting section (25) is in threaded connection with the air chamber main body, the ratio of the lengths of the converging section (26) and the rectifying section (27) is not more than 1:1.3, and the ratio of the length of the rectifying section (27) to the diameter of an air outlet hole in the rectifying section (27) is not less than 3: 1; the diameter of an air outlet hole in the rectifying section (27) is not more than 3 mm; after the air flow is emitted from the nozzle (12), the cylindricity is kept within 50 mm;
the electric proportional valve (24) is provided with a pressure gauge for monitoring and displaying the pressure value of air entering the electric proportional valve (24); the control voltage of the electric proportional valve (24) is changed in a range of 0-5V, and when the voltage is changed from 0V to 5V, the air flux of the electric proportional valve (24) is gradually increased, so that the air pressure flowing out of the electric proportional valve (24) is gradually increased from zero to 0.5 MPa; the inner diameter of an air inlet of the electric proportional valve (24) is 8 mm.
2. The food rheological property detection system of claim 1, wherein: the working pressure of the air compressor is not lower than 0.5 MPa.
3. The food rheological property detection system of claim 1, wherein: the embedded microprocessor is an ARM embedded microprocessor adopting a Cortex A8 architecture; and the serial port communication adopts RS232 serial port transmission.
4. The food rheological property detection system of claim 1, wherein: the lifting platform (9) is a scissor-fork type lifting platform; the lifting platform driving motor (2) is a stepping motor.
5. The food rheological property detection system of claim 1, wherein: the machine body comprises a top plate, side plates and a bottom plate; the top plate and the side plates are connected with each other through an L-shaped connecting piece (20) and a screw, and the side plates and the bottom plate are connected with each other through the L-shaped connecting piece (20) and the screw; four corners of the bottom of the machine body are respectively provided with a ground foot (1), and the electromagnetic valve (23), the electric proportional valve (24), the laser displacement sensor (18), the laser signal amplifier (21) and the laser signal conversion module (22) are positioned below the top plate and are fixedly connected with the L-shaped connecting piece (20) through the hanging piece plate (19); the L-shaped connecting piece (20) is fixedly connected with the machine body through a screw; and a motor dustproof protective cover (3) is arranged outside the lifting platform driving motor (2).
6. The food rheological property detection system of claim 5, wherein: the front end of the lower part of the machine body is provided with a power switch (8) for starting the food rheological property detection system; and a switch power supply (17) is arranged on a side plate of the machine body and used for reducing the 220v illumination voltage to 24v and supplying power to the food rheological property detection system.
7. The food rheological property detection system of claim 1, wherein: the air compressor is connected with the pressure regulating valve (5) through a first pipeline; the pressure regulating valve (5) is connected with the two-stage air filter (7) in a sealing manner through threads; the two-stage air filter (7) is connected with the electric proportional valve (24) through a second pipeline; the electric proportional valve (24) is connected with the electromagnetic valve (23) through a third pipeline; the electromagnetic valve (23) is connected with the air chamber (13) through a fourth pipeline and an air path joint in sequence; the inner diameters of the first pipeline and the second pipeline are larger than those of the third pipeline, the fourth pipeline and the gas path joint.
8. The food rheological property detection system of claim 1, wherein: the command execution key comprises a reset button, and in the detection process, when an emergency situation occurs, the reset button is pressed down, so that the lifting platform (9) is automatically reset to the initial position.
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| CN113008735B (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-04-08 | 中国农业大学 | Material three-dimensional viscoelastic rheological property detection system |
| CN113188916A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-07-30 | 长安大学 | Asphalt performance rapid detection equipment based on air loading and laser measurement technology |
| CN113740188B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-10-18 | 中国农业大学 | System and method for detecting rheological property of viscoelastic material based on pneumatic-machine vision |
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| CN104569327A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-29 | 中国农业大学 | Nondestructive testing system for viscoelasticity of livestock and poultry meat |
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