CN108931555A - It is a kind of to realize the multifactor flue gas acid dew point experimental provision quantitatively controlled and experimental method - Google Patents
It is a kind of to realize the multifactor flue gas acid dew point experimental provision quantitatively controlled and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005008 domestic process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 flue gas components Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/56—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content
- G01N25/66—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by investigating dew-point
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于余热回收、锅炉低温腐蚀领域，涉及一种实现多因素定量控制的烟气酸露点实验装置和实验方法。The invention belongs to the fields of waste heat recovery and low-temperature corrosion of boilers, and relates to a flue gas acid dew point experimental device and an experimental method for realizing multi-factor quantitative control.
背景技术Background technique
排烟热损失是锅炉的最大热损失之一，因此降低排烟温度是提高锅炉热效率的最有效方式之一。但是锅炉尾部烟气中含有CO2，SO2，SO3等酸性气体，在低温条件下这些酸性气体可与烟气中的水蒸气结合形成相应的酸蒸汽。当烟气与低于酸露点的金属对流受热面接触时，酸蒸汽便会在金属受热面表面冷凝出酸液滴。这些冷凝的酸液滴不仅将对受热面造成腐蚀，还能与烟气中的飞灰颗粒和金属受热面腐蚀剥落的铁锈结合引起积灰硬化堵塞烟道，可能导致炉内燃烧恶化或者无法运行。因而，能否准确预测烟气的酸露点对电站锅炉的安全、稳定运行具有重要意义。The exhaust heat loss is one of the biggest heat losses of the boiler, so reducing the exhaust gas temperature is one of the most effective ways to improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler. However, the flue gas at the tail of the boiler contains acid gases such as CO 2 , SO 2 , SO 3 , etc., and these acid gases can combine with water vapor in the flue gas to form corresponding acid vapors under low temperature conditions. When the flue gas contacts the metal convective heating surface below the acid dew point, the acid vapor will condense acid droplets on the surface of the metal heating surface. These condensed acid droplets will not only cause corrosion on the heating surface, but also combine with the fly ash particles in the flue gas and the corroded and exfoliated rust on the metal heating surface to cause ash accumulation and harden to block the flue, which may lead to deterioration of combustion in the furnace or failure to operate . Therefore, the ability to accurately predict the acid dew point of flue gas is of great significance to the safe and stable operation of power plant boilers.
实际烟气环境中硫酸蒸汽的形成过程十分复杂。烟气组分，温度，湿度，压力，以及含灰量都是影响酸露点的重要因素。目前国内外相关学者关于低温烟气中含灰量对酸露点影响的研究并不多见。The formation process of sulfuric acid vapor in the actual flue gas environment is very complicated. Flue gas composition, temperature, humidity, pressure, and ash content are all important factors affecting the acid dew point. At present, there are few studies on the effect of ash content in low-temperature flue gas on acid dew point by relevant scholars at home and abroad.
目前国内研究酸露点的方法主要有浸泡法，现场实验法，模拟实验等，在众多方法中模拟实验法具有可精确控制烟气组分，分析单一变量对酸露点影响的优点。但目前相关实验装置大多采用在混合气体中喷入稀硫酸来模拟含酸烟气，并且均未考虑到烟气中灰分含量对酸露点的影响。At present, domestic methods for studying acid dew point mainly include immersion method, field experiment method, simulation experiment, etc. Among many methods, simulation experiment method has the advantages of accurately controlling the flue gas composition and analyzing the influence of a single variable on acid dew point. However, most of the relevant experimental devices currently use dilute sulfuric acid sprayed into the mixed gas to simulate the acid-containing flue gas, and the influence of the ash content in the flue gas on the acid dew point is not considered.
随着烟气余热回收系统的大量使用，锅炉尾部排烟温度越来越低，在深度节能利用中烟温降至100℃左右，处于传统热力学烟气露点以下，但在实际运行过程中并未发生明显的腐蚀现象，因此考虑烟气中含灰量对酸露点的影响就变得十分重要了。但目前国内关于灰分对酸露点影响的研究并不多见，关于定量研究灰分含量对低温烟气中酸露点研究的实验台在国内尚未见到。With the extensive use of flue gas waste heat recovery systems, the exhaust gas temperature at the boiler tail is getting lower and lower. In the deep energy-saving utilization, the flue gas temperature drops to about 100°C, which is below the traditional thermodynamic flue gas dew point, but it has not been used in actual operation. Significant corrosion occurs, so it becomes important to consider the effect of ash content in the flue gas on the acid dew point. However, there are few domestic researches on the effect of ash content on acid dew point in China, and there is no experimental platform for quantitative research on the effect of ash content on acid dew point in low-temperature flue gas in China.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种能够精确控制包括烟气体组分，流速、湿度、含灰量等在内的影响烟气酸露点的因素的实现多因素定量控制烟气酸露点的实验装置和方法。The invention provides an experimental device and method for realizing multi-factor quantitative control of the acid dew point of the flue gas, capable of precisely controlling factors affecting the acid dew point of the flue gas, including flue gas components, flow velocity, humidity, ash content, and the like.
为达到上述目的，本发明的装置包括气体混合加热系统，储气定压系统，加湿系统，温度控制装置，加灰系统，实验段，尾气处理装置；In order to achieve the above object, the device of the present invention includes a gas mixing heating system, a gas storage and constant pressure system, a humidification system, a temperature control device, an ash addition system, an experimental section, and a tail gas treatment device;
所述的气体混合加热系统包括四个高压气瓶，四个与高压气瓶分别相连的质量流量控制器，混气罐，管式加热炉，所述的四个质量流量控制器进口通过管路分别与四个高压气瓶相连，其中二氧化硫和氧气流经的质量流量控制器出口通过管路与混气罐入口相连，二氧化碳和氮气流经的质量流量控制器出口通过管路与储气定压系统相连，所述的质量流量控制器通过线路与流量显示控制仪相连，所述的混气罐出口通过管路与管式加热炉入口相连，管式加热炉出口与储气定压系统相连；The gas mixing heating system includes four high-pressure gas cylinders, four mass flow controllers respectively connected to the high-pressure gas cylinders, a gas mixing tank, and a tubular heating furnace. The inlets of the four mass flow controllers pass through pipelines They are respectively connected to four high-pressure gas cylinders. The outlets of the mass flow controllers through which sulfur dioxide and oxygen flow are connected to the inlet of the gas mixing tank through pipelines, and the outlets of the mass flow controllers through which carbon dioxide and nitrogen flow through are connected to the gas storage constant pressure through pipelines. The system is connected, the mass flow controller is connected to the flow display controller through the line, the outlet of the gas mixing tank is connected to the inlet of the tubular heating furnace through the pipeline, and the outlet of the tubular heating furnace is connected to the gas storage constant pressure system;
所述的储气定压系统由储气罐和定压旁通管段组成，储气罐入口通过管路与管式加热炉出口以及流经二氧化碳和氮气的两个质量流量控制器出口相连，储气罐出口通过管路与温度控制装置相连，所述定压旁通管段入口与储气罐相连出口与尾气处理系统相连；The gas storage and constant pressure system consists of a gas storage tank and a constant pressure bypass pipe section. The inlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the outlet of the tubular heating furnace and the outlets of two mass flow controllers flowing through carbon dioxide and nitrogen through pipelines. The outlet of the gas tank is connected to the temperature control device through a pipeline, and the inlet of the constant pressure bypass pipe section is connected to the gas storage tank and the outlet is connected to the tail gas treatment system;
所述加湿系统由储水装置，流量计，节流阀，微细雾化喷嘴组成，所述的储水装置出口通过管路与流量计入口相连，所述流量计出口通过管路与节流阀进口相连，节流阀出口通过管路与安装在储气罐顶部的细微雾化喷嘴相连；The humidification system consists of a water storage device, a flow meter, a throttle valve, and a fine atomization nozzle. The outlet of the water storage device is connected to the inlet of the flow meter through a pipeline, and the outlet of the flow meter is connected to the throttle valve through a pipeline. The inlet is connected, and the outlet of the throttle valve is connected with the fine atomizing nozzle installed on the top of the gas storage tank through the pipeline;
所述的温度控制装置为温度可控的换热器；The temperature control device is a temperature-controllable heat exchanger;
所述加灰系统由螺旋给料机和灰斗组成；The ash adding system is composed of a screw feeder and an ash hopper;
所述实验段内部布置有通过管路与恒温水箱相连的换热装置，以及与酸露点数据显示调节仪表相连的酸露点探头，所述的恒温水箱内部加装有加热电阻丝，恒温水箱内部的加热电阻丝通过线路与温度控制装置相连；The interior of the experiment section is equipped with a heat exchange device connected to the constant temperature water tank through pipelines, and an acid dew point probe connected to the acid dew point data display and adjustment instrument. The inside of the constant temperature water tank is equipped with a heating resistance wire. The heating resistance wire is connected to the temperature control device through a line;
所述的尾气处理装置包括溶液储存装置，长管，短管，所述长管入口与实验段出口相连，长管出口插入溶液储存装置中液体的液面以下，所述短管入口与溶液储存装置页面以上相连，短管出口通入室外环境；The tail gas treatment device includes a solution storage device, a long tube, and a short tube. The inlet of the long tube is connected to the outlet of the experimental section, the outlet of the long tube is inserted below the liquid level of the liquid in the solution storage device, and the inlet of the short tube is connected to the solution storage device. The device is connected above the page, and the outlet of the short pipe leads to the outdoor environment;
本发明的实验方法包括如下步骤：Experimental method of the present invention comprises the steps:
1)混气加热系统定量控制混合气体组分：1) The mixed gas heating system quantitatively controls the mixed gas components:
通过减压阀降低高压气瓶流出气体的压力，通过节流阀粗调高压气瓶(29)流出气体的流量，通过流量显示控制仪设定四个质量流量控制器的流量数值精确控制气体流量，通过设定管式加热炉温度加热二氧化硫与氧气使其反应生成一定量的三氧化硫；Reduce the pressure of the gas flowing out of the high-pressure gas cylinder through the pressure reducing valve, roughly adjust the flow rate of the gas flowing out of the high-pressure gas cylinder (29) through the throttle valve, and set the flow values of the four mass flow controllers through the flow display controller to accurately control the gas flow , by setting the temperature of the tubular heating furnace to heat sulfur dioxide and oxygen to react to generate a certain amount of sulfur trioxide;
2)储气定压系统混合气体压力控制：2) Mixed gas pressure control in the gas storage constant pressure system:
通过调节定压旁通管段上节流阀的开度来控制试验段入口压力值与储气罐内部压力值；Control the inlet pressure value of the test section and the internal pressure value of the gas storage tank by adjusting the opening of the throttle valve on the constant pressure bypass pipe section;
3)实验段入口温度控制3) Temperature control at the inlet of the experimental section
通过储气罐内与实验段入口处加装的温度传感器所测量的温度值调节换热装置进口温度，以此调节进入实验段的混合气体温度；The temperature at the inlet of the heat exchange device is adjusted by the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor installed in the gas storage tank and at the entrance of the experimental section, so as to adjust the temperature of the mixed gas entering the experimental section;
4)储气定压系统混合气体湿度控制4) Humidity control of mixed gas in gas storage constant pressure system
通过调整加湿系统出口管路上的节流阀将流量计数值稳定在设定值，通过微细雾化喷嘴将定量的去离子水雾化喷入储气罐；By adjusting the throttle valve on the outlet pipeline of the humidification system, the flow count value is stabilized at the set value, and a certain amount of deionized water is atomized and sprayed into the air storage tank through the fine atomization nozzle;
5)混合气体含灰量控制：5) Mixed gas ash content control:
通过调节螺旋给料机转速来控制加入管段的灰量；The amount of ash added to the pipe section is controlled by adjusting the speed of the screw feeder;
6)试验段内混合气体温度控制6) Mixed gas temperature control in the test section
通过设定温度控制装置参数来控制恒温水箱中的水温，通过调节恒温水箱中的水温来大致控制试验段内混合气体温度。The water temperature in the constant temperature water tank is controlled by setting the parameters of the temperature control device, and the temperature of the mixed gas in the test section is roughly controlled by adjusting the water temperature in the constant temperature water tank.
7)酸露点测量7) Acid dew point measurement
通过数据显示调节仪表调节酸露点探头温度，通过数据显示调节仪表出现的电压变化情况确定酸露点数值。Adjust the temperature of the acid dew point probe through the data display adjustment instrument, and determine the acid dew point value through the voltage change of the data display adjustment instrument.
与现有实验技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：Compared with existing experimental techniques, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明采用螺旋给料机与灰斗达到定量加入灰分的目的，从而实现定量研究灰分对低温烟气酸露点的影响的目的；1. The present invention uses a screw feeder and an ash hopper to achieve the purpose of quantitatively adding ash, thereby realizing the purpose of quantitatively studying the impact of ash on the acid dew point of low-temperature flue gas;
2、本发明中采用管式加热炉加热二氧化硫与氧气的混合气体，模拟实际燃烧过程中三氧化硫的生成；2. In the present invention, a tubular heating furnace is used to heat the mixed gas of sulfur dioxide and oxygen to simulate the generation of sulfur trioxide in the actual combustion process;
3、本发明为保证试验段实验环境的稳定，设置了储气定压系统可以实现对实验段进口压力的控制，并通过将储气定压系统与试验段入口处质量流量控制器的配合，实现对实验段入口流速的控制。3. In order to ensure the stability of the experimental environment in the test section, the present invention sets up a gas storage and constant pressure system to control the inlet pressure of the test section, and through the cooperation of the gas storage and constant pressure system with the mass flow controller at the entrance of the test section, Realize the control of the inlet flow rate of the experimental section.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图中各标号为：1、减压阀；2、节流阀；3、质量流量控制器；4、流量显示控制仪；5、止回阀；6、混气罐；7、流量计；8、储水装置；9、微细雾化喷嘴；10、温度可控的换热器；11、螺旋给料机；12、灰斗；13、压力表；14、实验段；15、恒温水箱；16、温度控制装置；17、短管；18、溶液储存装置；19、长管；20、酸露点探头；21、数据显示调节仪表；22、温度传感器；23、定压旁通管段；24、温度显示仪表；25、储气箱；26、管式加热炉；27、截止阀；28、高压气瓶。The labels in the figure are: 1. Pressure reducing valve; 2. Throttle valve; 3. Mass flow controller; 4. Flow display controller; 5. Check valve; 6. Gas mixing tank; 7. Flowmeter; 8 , water storage device; 9, fine atomizing nozzle; 10, temperature-controllable heat exchanger; 11, screw feeder; 12, ash hopper; 13, pressure gauge; 14, experimental section; 15, constant temperature water tank; 16 , temperature control device; 17, short tube; 18, solution storage device; 19, long tube; 20, acid dew point probe; 21, data display adjustment instrument; 22, temperature sensor; 23, constant pressure bypass pipe section; 24, temperature Display instrument; 25, gas storage box; 26, tubular heating furnace; 27, stop valve; 28, high-pressure gas cylinder.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参见图1，本发明的装置包括气体混合加热系统，储气定压系统，加湿系统，温度控制装置，加灰系统，实验段，尾气处理装置；Referring to Fig. 1, the device of the present invention includes a gas mixing heating system, a gas storage constant pressure system, a humidification system, a temperature control device, an ash adding system, an experimental section, and a tail gas treatment device;
所述的气体混合加热系统包括四个高压气瓶(28)，四个与高压气瓶(28)分别相连的质量流量控制器(3)，混气罐(6)，管式加热炉(26)，所述的四个质量流量控制器(3)进口通过管路与四个高压气瓶(28)相连，流经二氧化硫与氧气的两个质量流量控制器(3)出口通过管路与混气罐(6)入口相连，流经二氧化碳与氮气的两个质量流量控制器(3)出口通过管路与储气定压系统相连，所述的质量流量控制器(3)通过线路与流量显示控制仪(4)相连，所述的混气罐(6)出口通过管路与管式加热炉(26)入口相连，管式加热炉(26)出口与储气定压系统相连，所述的质量流量控制器(3)进口前气体管路上按照气体流动方向依次安装有截止阀(27)，减压阀(1)，节流阀(2)，所述的质量流量控制器出口管路上安装有止回阀(5)；所述的质量流量控制仪(4)可以调节和控制流经质量流量控制器(3)的流量；所述的管式加热炉(27)可以控制加热温度，所述的四个高压气瓶(28)分别装有液态二氧化硫，氮气，氧气，二氧化碳；The gas mixing heating system comprises four high-pressure gas cylinders (28), four mass flow controllers (3) connected to the high-pressure gas cylinders (28), a gas mixing tank (6), a tubular heating furnace (26 ), the inlets of the four mass flow controllers (3) are connected with four high-pressure gas cylinders (28) through pipelines, and the outlets of the two mass flow controllers (3) that flow through sulfur dioxide and oxygen are connected with the mixed gas cylinders through pipelines. The inlet of the gas tank (6) is connected, and the outlets of the two mass flow controllers (3) flowing through carbon dioxide and nitrogen are connected to the gas storage and constant pressure system through pipelines, and the mass flow controllers (3) are connected to the flow display through lines The controller (4) is connected, the outlet of the gas mixing tank (6) is connected with the inlet of the tubular heating furnace (26) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the tubular heating furnace (26) is connected with the gas storage constant pressure system. A cut-off valve (27), a pressure reducing valve (1), and a throttle valve (2) are installed on the gas pipeline before the inlet of the mass flow controller (3) according to the direction of gas flow, and the outlet pipeline of the mass flow controller is installed There is a check valve (5); the mass flow controller (4) can regulate and control the flow through the mass flow controller (3); the tubular heating furnace (27) can control the heating temperature, so Described four high-pressure cylinders (28) are equipped with liquid sulfur dioxide respectively, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide;
所述的储气定压系统由储气罐(25)和定压旁通管段(23)组成，储气罐(25)入口通过管路与管式加热炉(26)出口以及流经二氧化碳与氮气的两个质量流量控制器(3)的出口相连，储气罐(25)出口通过管路与温度控制装置入口相连，所述的管式加热炉(26)可手动设定加热温度，管式加热炉(26)内部与气体接触部分均为耐高温多空非金属物质，所述定压旁通管段(23)入口与储气罐(25)相连，定压旁通管段(23)出口与尾气处理系统相连；所述的储气罐(25)中装有压力表(13)和温度传感器(22)，所述定压旁通管段(23)上安装有节流阀(2)；The gas storage and constant pressure system is composed of a gas storage tank (25) and a constant pressure bypass pipe section (23). The outlets of the two mass flow controllers (3) of nitrogen are connected, the outlet of the gas storage tank (25) is connected with the inlet of the temperature control device through a pipeline, and the heating temperature of the tube heating furnace (26) can be manually set, and the tube The inside of the heating furnace (26) in contact with the gas is a high-temperature-resistant porous non-metallic substance. The inlet of the constant-pressure bypass pipe section (23) is connected to the gas storage tank (25), and the outlet of the constant-pressure bypass pipe section (23) is It is connected with the exhaust gas treatment system; a pressure gauge (13) and a temperature sensor (22) are installed in the gas storage tank (25), and a throttle valve (2) is installed on the constant pressure bypass pipe section (23);
所述加湿系统由储水装置(8)，流量计(7)，节流阀(2)，微细雾化喷嘴(9)组成，所述的储水装置(8)出口通过管路与流量计(7)入口相连，所述流量计(7)出口通过管路与节流阀(2)进口相连，节流阀(2)出口通过管路与安装在储气罐顶部的细微雾化喷嘴(9)相连，所述的储水装置(8)用于储存去离子水，所述的细微雾化喷嘴(9)用于将去离子水雾化并喷入储气罐(25)；The humidification system consists of a water storage device (8), a flow meter (7), a throttle valve (2), and a fine atomizing nozzle (9). The outlet of the water storage device (8) is connected to the flow meter through a pipeline. (7) the inlet is connected, the outlet of the flowmeter (7) is connected with the inlet of the throttle valve (2) through the pipeline, and the outlet of the throttle valve (2) is connected with the fine atomizing nozzle ( 9) connected, the described water storage device (8) is used to store deionized water, and the described fine atomizing nozzle (9) is used to atomize deionized water and spray it into the air storage tank (25);
所述的温度控制装置为温度可控的换热器(10)，所述的温度可控的换热器(10)可以根据安装于储气罐(25)中以及试验段入口处的温度传感器(22)所测量的温度调节换热介质进口温度，以此控制混合气体温度；The temperature control device is a temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10), and the temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10) can be installed in the gas storage tank (25) and the temperature sensor at the entrance of the test section. (22) The measured temperature adjusts the inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium to control the temperature of the mixed gas;
所述加灰装置由螺旋给料机(11)和灰斗(12)组成，所述的螺旋给料机(11)可以手动调节转速，所述的灰斗(12)用于储存干燥灰分；The ash adding device is composed of a screw feeder (11) and an ash hopper (12), the screw feeder (11) can manually adjust the rotating speed, and the ash hopper (12) is used for storing dry ash;
所述实验段(14)内部布置有通过管路与恒温水箱(15)相连的换热装置，三个与酸露点数据显示调节仪表(21)相连的酸露点探头(20)，所述的恒温水箱(15)中加装有加热电阻丝，恒温水箱(15)中加热电阻丝通过线路与温度控制装置(16)相连，所述温度控制装置(16)可以调节恒温水箱(15)的温度，所述实验段(14)在试验过程中通过温度控制装置(16)调节恒温水箱(16)的温度，进而大致控制试验段内混合气体温度，所述的数据显示调节仪表(21)可以调控酸露点探头(20)温度，并通过酸露点探头(20)的电压变化确定酸露点数值，在实验段(14)内部布置换热装置可以使灰分与混合气体混合充分，并大致控制模拟烟气的温度，使实验过程与实际更加接近；The interior of the experiment section (14) is arranged with a heat exchange device connected to the constant temperature water tank (15) through pipelines, three acid dew point probes (20) connected to the acid dew point data display regulating instrument (21), and the constant temperature A heating resistance wire is additionally installed in the water tank (15), and the heating resistance wire in the constant temperature water tank (15) is connected with the temperature control device (16) through a circuit, and the temperature control device (16) can regulate the temperature of the constant temperature water tank (15), The test section (14) adjusts the temperature of the constant temperature water tank (16) through the temperature control device (16) during the test, and then roughly controls the temperature of the mixed gas in the test section. The data shows that the regulating instrument (21) can regulate the temperature of the acid The temperature of the dew point probe (20), and the acid dew point value is determined by the voltage change of the acid dew point probe (20). Arranging a heat exchange device inside the experimental section (14) can fully mix the ash and the mixed gas, and roughly control the simulated flue gas. temperature, making the experimental process closer to reality;
所述的尾气处理装置包括溶液储存装置(18)，长管(19)与短管(17)组成，其中长管(19)入口与实验段(14)出口相连，长管(19)出口伸入碱性溶液液面之下，所述短管(17)入口处于碱性溶液液面以上，短管(17)出口与室外环境相通；The tail gas treatment device includes a solution storage device (18), a long pipe (19) and a short pipe (17), wherein the inlet of the long pipe (19) is connected to the outlet of the experimental section (14), and the outlet of the long pipe (19) extends Under the liquid level of the alkaline solution, the inlet of the short pipe (17) is above the liquid level of the alkaline solution, and the outlet of the short pipe (17) communicates with the outdoor environment;
本发明实验方法如下：Experimental method of the present invention is as follows:
1)混气加热系统定量控制混合气体组分：1) The mixed gas heating system quantitatively controls the mixed gas components:
通过截止阀(27)控制高压气瓶(28)的启闭，通过减压阀(1)降低高压气瓶(29)流出气体的压力，通过节流阀(27)粗调高压气瓶(28)流出气体的流量，通过流量显示控制仪(4)设定四个质量流量控制器(3)的流量，流量显示控制仪(4)通过调节质量流量控制器(3)自身阀门的开度细调节气体流量，通过节流阀(2)与流量显示控制仪(4)配合将各组分流量调节至设定值；The opening and closing of the high-pressure gas cylinder (28) is controlled by the stop valve (27), the pressure of the gas flowing out of the high-pressure gas cylinder (29) is reduced by the pressure reducing valve (1), and the high-pressure gas cylinder (28) is roughly adjusted by the throttle valve (27). ) to set the flow rate of the four mass flow controllers (3) through the flow display controller (4), and the flow display controller (4) finely adjusts the opening of the mass flow controller (3)’s own valve. Adjust the gas flow, adjust the flow of each component to the set value through the throttle valve (2) and the flow display controller (4);
2)储气定压系统模拟烟气压力控制：2) Simulated flue gas pressure control of the gas storage and constant pressure system:
通过调节温度可控的换热器(10)出口管路上的节流阀(2)和减压阀(1)粗调进入试验段(14)的混合气体的流量，通过流量显示控制仪(4)设定温度可控的换热器(10)出口管路上质量流量控制器(3)的流量使混合气体的流量到设定值，所述的流量显示控制仪(4)通过调节质量流量控制器(3)自身阀门的开度细调节气体流量，通过调节定压旁通管段(24)上节流阀(2)控制实验段(14)入口压力值，若无法调节到设定值，配合调节温度可控的换热器(10)出口管路上的节流阀(2)和减压阀(1)，反复几次直至将实验段入口压力与流量调节为设定值；By adjusting the throttling valve (2) and the pressure reducing valve (1) on the outlet pipeline of the heat exchanger (10) with temperature control ) Set the flow of the mass flow controller (3) on the outlet pipeline of the temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10) to make the flow of the mixed gas reach the set value, and the flow display controller (4) controls the flow rate by adjusting the mass flow The opening of its own valve of the device (3) finely adjusts the gas flow, and controls the inlet pressure value of the experimental section (14) by adjusting the throttle valve (2) on the constant pressure bypass pipe section (24). If it cannot be adjusted to the set value, cooperate with Adjust the throttle valve (2) and pressure reducing valve (1) on the outlet pipeline of the temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10), and repeat several times until the inlet pressure and flow rate of the experimental section are adjusted to the set value;
3)实验段入口温度控制：3) Temperature control at the entrance of the experimental section:
通过储气罐(25)出口与实验段(14)入口加装的温度传感器所测量的温度值，手动调节温度可控的换热器(10)中换热工质的进口温度，以此调节进入实验段(14)的混合气体温度，若实验段入口处温度达到设定值温度控制装置不启动；Through the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor installed at the outlet of the gas storage tank (25) and the inlet of the experimental section (14), manually adjust the inlet temperature of the heat exchange working medium in the temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10), thereby adjusting Enter the temperature of the mixed gas in the experimental section (14), if the temperature at the entrance of the experimental section reaches the set point temperature control device does not start;
4)储气定压系统混合气体湿度控制：4) Humidity control of mixed gas in gas storage constant pressure system:
通过调整加湿系统出口管路上的节流阀(2)将流量计(7)数值固定在设定值，通过微细雾化喷嘴(9)将定量的去离子水雾化喷入储气罐(25)；By adjusting the throttle valve (2) on the outlet pipeline of the humidification system, the value of the flow meter (7) is fixed at the set value, and a certain amount of deionized water is atomized and sprayed into the air storage tank (25 );
5)混合气体含灰量控制：5) Mixed gas ash content control:
通过调节螺旋给料机(13)转速来控制加入管段中的灰量，送入的灰量可通过计算得出；The amount of ash added to the pipe section is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the screw feeder (13), and the amount of ash fed can be calculated;
6)实验段内混合气体温度控制：6) Temperature control of the mixed gas in the experimental section:
通过设定温度控制装置(16)数值，控制恒温水箱(15)的温度，将恒温水箱(15)中水引入试验段(14)内换热装置，大致控制试验段内混合气体的温度；By setting the value of the temperature control device (16), the temperature of the constant temperature water tank (15) is controlled, and the water in the constant temperature water tank (15) is introduced into the heat exchange device in the test section (14), so as to roughly control the temperature of the mixed gas in the test section;
7)酸露点测量7) Acid dew point measurement
通过数据显示调节仪表(21)调节分别三个酸露点探头(20)温度，通过数据显示调节仪表(21)测量酸露点探头(20)电压变化情况确定酸露点数值；The temperature of the three acid dew point probes (20) is adjusted by the data display adjustment instrument (21), and the acid dew point value is determined by measuring the voltage change of the acid dew point probe (20) by the data display adjustment instrument (21);
实验开始时首先将温度可控的换热器(10)出口管路上节流阀(2)关闭，开启温度控制装置(16)，并将温度设定为高于实验温度的数值，将定压旁通管段(23)上节流阀(2)开至最大，然后调节四个高压气瓶(28)出口流量至设定值，待四个高压气瓶(28)出口流量调节完成后，开启管式加热炉(26)并设定温度直至达到设定值，在尾气处理装置入口前取部分烟气并测量SO3浓度，完成SO3浓度测量后，缓慢开启加湿系统出口管路上的节流阀(2)调节进入系统的去离子水的流量至设定值，温度可控的换热器(10)出口管路上节流阀(2)，并适当关闭定压旁通管段(24)上节流阀(2)调节进入试验段(11)的混合气体流量至设定值，根据储气罐(14)内混合气体温度确定是否开启温度可控的换热器(10)，若开启调节温度可控的换热器(10)，重新调节开启调节温度可控的换热器(10)出口管路上节流阀(2)并适当关闭定压旁通管段(23)上节流阀(2)重新调节进入试验段(14)的含酸气体流量至设定值，直至进入试验段(14)的含酸气体流量和压力均达到设定值，调节温度控制装置(16)温度数值为实验温度，等待恒温水箱降温至设定值，通过数据显示调节仪表(21)设定三个酸露点探头(20)温度，并开始采集数据。At the beginning of the experiment, the throttle valve (2) on the outlet pipeline of the temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10) was first closed, the temperature control device (16) was opened, and the temperature was set to a value higher than the experimental temperature. Open the throttle valve (2) on the bypass pipe section (23) to the maximum, and then adjust the outlet flow of the four high-pressure gas cylinders (28) to the set value. After the adjustment of the outlet flow of the four high-pressure gas cylinders (28) is completed, open the Tubular heating furnace (26) and set the temperature until it reaches the set value, take part of the flue gas before the inlet of the tail gas treatment device and measure the SO 3 concentration, after completing the SO 3 concentration measurement, slowly open the throttling on the outlet pipeline of the humidification system The valve (2) adjusts the flow rate of deionized water entering the system to the set value, and the throttle valve (2) on the outlet pipeline of the temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10) properly closes the constant pressure bypass pipe section (24). The throttle valve (2) adjusts the flow rate of the mixed gas entering the test section (11) to the set value, and determines whether to open the temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10) according to the temperature of the mixed gas in the gas storage tank (14). For the temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10), readjust and open the throttle valve (2) on the outlet pipeline of the temperature-controllable heat exchanger (10) and properly close the throttle valve (2) on the constant pressure bypass pipe section (23) 2) readjust the acid-containing gas flow rate entering the test section (14) to the set value, until the acid-containing gas flow rate and pressure entering the test section (14) reach the set value, adjust the temperature value of the temperature control device (16) to For the experimental temperature, wait for the constant temperature water tank to cool down to the set value, set the temperature of the three acid dew point probes (20) through the data display and adjustment instrument (21), and start collecting data.
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| CN114515537B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-11-08 | 北京科技大学 | Metallurgical converter modified flue gas collecting and distributing system for crop growth |
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