CN108911859A - A kind of preparation method of middle microelement microorganism fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

A preparation method of a medium-trace element biological fertilizer is prepared by three times of fermentation using waste edible fungus dregs, bean dregs, fly ash, medium-trace element salt, fermenting bacteria agent, and functional bacteria agent as raw materials. In the present invention, the beneficial bacteria in the prepared bio-organic fertilizer are greater than 350 million/g, the total nutrient content is as high as 18.1%, and the content of medium and trace elements is as high as 7.2%, so the prepared bio-organic fertilizer with medium and trace elements can meet the large amount required for plant growth. It can also supplement the medium and trace business elements needed for plant growth in a timely manner. It can also further promote plant growth through nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization bacteria, and can carry out biological control by inhibiting bacteria to ensure the normal growth of plants. The preparation process is various. The material will not agglomerate and be mixed evenly. The biological fertilizer produced by this product has a high germination rate, and the seedlings grow well, with a germination rate as high as 98%.

Description

A kind of preparation method of medium and trace element microbial fertilizer

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of microbe application, in particular to a preparation method of medium-trace and micro-element biological fertilizer.

Background technique

Chemical fertilizers play an important role in agricultural production. Some experts believe that the application of chemical fertilizers can increase agricultural output by 40% to 60% when other production factors remain unchanged; Harmful metals and harmful bacteria in the land exceed the standard, which will lead to nutritional imbalance of crops and reduce the quality of agricultural products. In addition, the excess water-soluble nutrients remaining in the soil are easily leached into groundwater and rivers by rainwater and farmland irrigation, causing large-scale agricultural non-point source pollution.

Organic fertilizer has the characteristics of complete nutrition, long fertilizer effect and no pollution. Applying organic fertilizer to farmland can not only increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil water storage and fertilizer retention capacity, but also improve the physical and chemical properties and aggregate structure of soil, and supplement beneficial elements , and improve the quality of agricultural products. However, the types and contents of trace elements in ordinary organic fertilizers are small, which cannot meet the needs of plant growth and directly affect the growth of crops and the quality of agricultural products.

Edible fungus waste, also known as mushroom residue, fungus chaff, leftovers, etc., is the culture material after the cultivation of edible fungi. Relevant studies have shown that edible fungus residues contain a large number of available nutrients, such as crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, trace elements, etc., and also contain polysaccharides, organic acids, enzymes, phenols and other chemical substances. An organic waste material that can be used as a resource. So far, there have been studies on the preparation of organic fertilizers by directly returning the waste fungus residue to the field or simply composting the fungus residue. However, most of the nutrients in the discarded bacterial packs exist in the form of macromolecules, which are difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. This not only seriously affects the agricultural efficiency of the discarded bacterial packs, but also puts considerable pressure on the environment, causing pollution and affecting agriculture. sustainable development. Moreover, in the process of preparing the organic fertilizer, it is not easy to mix evenly, and the prepared biological fertilizer has a low germination rate when applied to seeds, and the growth of the seedlings is relatively poor.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of medium and trace element biological fertilizer.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures:

A method for preparing medium-trace element biological fertilizer is characterized in that it uses edible fungus waste residue, bean dregs, fly ash, medium-trace element salt, fermenting bacteria agent, and functional bacteria agent as raw materials, and undergoes three separate processes. Prepared by fermentation.

Furthermore, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizer is characterized in that: the waste residue of edible fungi is preferably one of waste residue of Flammulina velutipes and waste residue of Lentinus edodes.

Further, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizer, characterized in that: the fermenting bacteria agent includes fermenting bacteria A and fermenting bacteria B, wherein the fermenting bacteria A is Bacillus subtilis inoculum , cellulase, Aspergillus niger agent, and white rot fungus agent. : 1 ~ 10: 1 ~ 5: 1 ~ 5, wherein the fermenting bacteria B is a composite bacterium composed of Thermomyces lanuginosa, Rhodobacter inoculum, filamentous fungus, and saccharomyces Inoculum, its mass ratio is Thermomyces lanuginosa inoculum: Rhodobacter longum inoculum: Filamentous fungus inoculum: Saccharomyces inoculum = 1~10: 1~10: 1~5: 1~5 .

Further, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizers is characterized in that: the functional bacterial agent is composed of rhizobia bacterial agent, pheobacterium nitrogen-fixing bacterial agent, Bacillus subtilis bacterial agent, Bacillus megaterium bacterial agent, Bacillus licheniformis bacterial agent Bacillus bacteria agent, Bacillus thuringiensis agent, Paecilomyces lavender agent, and Trichoderma viride agent are mixed together to form a composite functional agent, the mass ratio of which is rhizobium agent: brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent: Bacillus subtilis Agent: Bacillus megaterium Agent: Bacillus licheniformis Agent: Bacillus thuringiensis Agent: Paecilomyces lavender Agent: Trichoderma viride 1~10: 1~10: 1~5: 1~5: 1~ 5: 1~5: 1~5: 1~5.

Further, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizer, characterized in that: the Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC, number 1.12938; the Aspergillus niger is CGMCC, number 3.13901; the white rot fungus is GDMCC, number GIM3.393 The Thermomyces lanuginosa is CCTCC, numbering CCTCC AF 200043, the long red bacterium is GDMCC, numbering GIM1.491, and the filamentous fungus is CGMCC, numbering 1.15179; the saccharomycete is GDMCC, numbering GIM2.210; the rhizobia is CGMCC, numbering 1.15570; the brown spheroid azotobacter is GDMCC, numbering GIM1.272; the Bacillus megaterium is CGMCC, numbering 1.9072; the Bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC, numbering 1.9048; The Bacillus thuringiensis is CGMCC, number 1.7902; the Paecilomyces lilacinus is GDMCC, number GIM3.405; the Trichoderma viride is CGMCC, number 3.11450.

Further, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizer is characterized in that: the first fermentation in the three fermentations is to remove the discarded edible fungus dregs, bean dregs and fermentative bacteria A in a mass ratio of 7:2:1 Pour into the reaction tank in the aerobic composting experimental device, add an appropriate amount of clean water until the water content of the biomass pile is 38~42%, turn on the power switch, stirring switch, heating switch and air pump in turn, and set the temperature 30~60°C, turn off the temperature rise switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, and continue to ferment for 3~7 days in an airtight environment. During the fermentation, the pressure of the reaction tank is maintained at 0.1~0.15Mpa; The mass ratio of cellulase, Aspergillus niger agent and white rot fungus agent is preferably 2:4:3:1.

Further, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizer is characterized in that: the second fermentation in the three fermentations is to add pulverized fly ash and medium and trace element salt to the biomass pile after the first fermentation As well as the fermentation bacteria B bacterial agent, the above substances are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 10~40:1~10:1~10:1~10, and an appropriate amount of water is added until the water content of the biomass pile is 40%~70%, and the power is turned on in turn Switch, stirring switch, heating switch and air pump to quickly raise the temperature to 60~100°C, turn off the heating switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, and continue fermentation for 1~3 days. During the fermentation, the pressure of the reaction tank is maintained at 0.1~0.15Mpa, The mass ratio of Thermomyces lanuginosa inoculum, Rhodobacter inoculum, filamentous inoculum and saccharomyces inoculum in the fermenting bacteria B inoculum is preferably 3:2:3:2.

Further, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizer is characterized in that: the third fermentation in the three fermentations is after the second fermentation ends, the biomass is poured out from the fermentation tank and stacked in the fermentation field, When the temperature drops to 40~60℃, add functional bacteria agent, mix the above substances thoroughly according to the mass ratio of 10~40:1~10, add appropriate amount of water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40%~60%, at 40~ Ferment at 60°C for 3 to 6 days. During the fermentation period, the temperature in the biomass heap does not exceed 60°C. After the fermentation, the medium and trace element bio-organic fertilizer is obtained.

Further, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizer is characterized in that: the first fermentation temperature is preferably 40°C, the fermentation time is preferably 5 days, and the pressure of the reaction tank during fermentation is preferably 0.10Mpa; the second In the secondary fermentation, the mass ratio of fly ash, medium and trace element salts, and fermentation bacteria B bacterial agent is preferably 34:8:3:5, the water content of the biomass pile is preferably 40%, the fermentation temperature is preferably 90°C, and the fermentation time It is preferably 1 day, and the pressure of the reaction tank is preferably 0.12Mpa. The fly ash needs to be sieved to remove the burnt ash, and then crushed through a 50-100 mesh soil sieve, and mixed with 0.1mol/L-0.5mol/L Soak in NaOH solution for 24 hours and carry out activation treatment, the mass volume ratio of described fly ash and sodium hydroxide solution is 1:1; Inoculum, Bacillus subtilis inoculum, Bacillus megaterium inoculum, Bacillus licheniformis inoculum, Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum, Paecilomyces lavender inoculum, Trichoderma viride mass ratio is preferably 2:1:1:1: 2:1:1:1, the moisture content of the biomass pile is preferably 50%, and the fermentation time is preferably 4 days.

Further, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizer is characterized in that: the medium and trace element salt in the second fermentation is composed of CaCl ₂ , MgSO ₄ , CaO·SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , H ₃ A mixture composed of BO ₃ , MnSO ₄ , CuSO ₄ , ZnSO ₄ , and Na ₂ MoO ₄ , the molar ratio of which is 0.1:0.1:0.05:0.05:0.01:0.01:0.05:0.05:0.01, and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is preferably 0.2mol/L.

Further, a method for preparing medium and trace element biological fertilizer, the number of viable bacteria used in the preparation process is 2000-3000/g.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

The present invention is a bio-organic fertilizer prepared by using edible fungus waste residues, bean dregs, fly ash, medium and trace element salts, fermenting bacteria, functional bacteria and other substances in a certain proportion, and is prepared through multiple fermentations. The prepared microbial organic fertilizer is beneficial The bacteria activity is high, the beneficial bacteria are more than 350 million/g, and the reasonable combination of the ingredients and the matrix makes it possible to store the beneficial bacteria for 30 months, and the beneficial bacteria contained in it can still maintain the high activity of the beneficial bacteria, and there will be no antagonism, Premature senility, which has played a good role in promoting plant growth by nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and biological control through pathogen-inhibiting bacteria to ensure the normal growth of plants; and the total nutrient content is as high as 18.1%, and the content of medium and trace elements is as high as 7.2%. , the prepared medium and trace element bio-organic fertilizer can not only meet the macronutrients required by plant growth, but also supplement the medium and trace oxygen elements required by plant growth in time. During the preparation process, various materials will not agglomerate and be evenly mixed. The biological fertilizer prepared by the invention has a high germination rate, and the seedlings grow well, with a germination rate as high as 98%.

Detailed ways

The present invention is specifically described below by the examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention All modifications or replacements made to the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

1. Pour the discarded edible fungus dregs, bean dregs, and fermentative bacteria agent A after removing sediment into the reaction tank in the aerobic composting experimental device according to the mass ratio of 7:2:1, and add appropriate amount of water until the biomass pile contains The water volume is 40%, turn on the power switch, stirring switch, heating switch and air pump in turn, and set the temperature to 40°C, turn off the heating switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, and continue to ferment for 5 days in an airtight environment to complete the first fermentation. During the period, the air pressure of the reaction tank was maintained at 0.10Mpa; the waste slag of the edible fungus was the waste slag of Flammulina velutipes; Composition, its mass ratio is 2:4:3:1.

2. Add pulverized fly ash, medium and trace element salts and fermentation bacteria B inoculum to the biomass pile after the first fermentation. The above substances are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 34:8:3:5, and an appropriate amount is added. Clean the water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40%, turn on the power switch, stirring switch, heating switch and air pump in sequence, and quickly raise the temperature to 90°C, turn off the heating switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, and continue fermentation for 1 day to complete the second stage During secondary fermentation, the air pressure of the reaction tank is maintained at 0.12Mpa, and the fermenting bacteria B inoculum is composed of Thermomyces lanuginosa inoculum, Rhodobacter inoculum, filamentous inoculum, and yeast inoculum. The mass ratio is 3:2:3:2; the fly ash needs to be sieved to remove the burnt ash, then crushed through an 80-mesh soil sieve, and soaked in 0.2mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours to activate treatment, the mass volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:1; wherein the trace element salt is composed of CaCl ₂ , MgSO ₄ , CaO·SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , H ₃ BO ₃ , MnSO ₄ , CuSO ₄ , ZnSO ₄ , and Na ₂ MoO ₄ , the molar ratio of which is 0.1:0.1:0.05:0.05:0.01:0.01:0.05:0.05:0.01.

3. After the second fermentation, pour out the biomass from the fermentation tank and stack it in the fermentation field. When the temperature drops to 50°C, add the functional bacterial agent. The above-mentioned substances are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 10:5. Supplement an appropriate amount of water until the water content of the biomass pile is 50%, and ferment at 50°C for 4 days. During the fermentation period, the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 60°C. After the fermentation is completed, the medium and trace element bio-organic fertilizer is obtained; the functional bacteria The agent is mixed with rhizobium bacteria agent, brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus megaterium agent, Bacillus licheniformis agent, Bacillus thuringiensis agent, Paecilomyces lavender agent and Trichoderma viride agent The composition of the composite functional bacterial agent has a mass ratio of 2:1:1:1:2:1:1:1.

Experiment 1: Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Experiment

(1) Add 3 parts of 500g soil to the high-temperature sterilized petri dish, respectively add 50g of the bio-fertilizer prepared in Example 1, and add 50g of Dewodo bio-organic fertilizer purchased from Hebei Dewodo Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Mix the soil and bio-fertilizer thoroughly before use; the remaining portion without any fertilizer is used as a blank comparison.

(2) Select 10 fungus seeds with uniform size and full grains and distribute them evenly in the petri dish, and put the petri dish into a constant temperature incubator for constant temperature cultivation (25°C, protected from light). The treatment without bio-fertilizer was used as the control, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The seeds were soaked in 1% NaClO solution for 30 minutes before use, washed with deionized water, and air-dried before use.

(3) Stop the germination experiment when the germination rate of the seeds of the control treatment is basically unchanged, and record the germination rate and related parameters of the seeds of each experimental treatment;

(4) Select the seeds that germinate consistently in each treatment and continue to cultivate them in the incubator. After 10 days, record the seedling height, biomass, leaf area, etc., and record the disease status of the seedlings during their growth.

After analysis, it is found that the beneficial bacteria in the medium-trace element bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme of the present invention are more than 350 million/g bio-fertilizer, the total nutrient content is 18.1%, and the medium-trace element content is 7.2%. Using the prepared bio-organic fertilizer to plant Auricularia auricula seeds (with the addition of Dewoduo bio-organic fertilizer produced by Hebei Dewoduo Fertilizer Co., Ltd. as a control) the germination rate was 12.1% and 19.3% higher than that of the control and no fertilization treatment, respectively. The yield was 25.1% and 49.3% higher than the commercially available bio-organic fertilizer and no fertilization treatment, the plant height was 27.1% and 53.4% higher than the commercially available bio-organic fertilizer and no fertilization treatment, and the leaf area was 22.9% and 41.7% larger, respectively. The disease rate was 12.4% and 19.9% lower than that of commercial bio-organic fertilizer and no fertilization, respectively.

Example 2

1. Pour the discarded edible fungus dregs, bean dregs, and fermentative bacteria agent A after removing sediment into the reaction tank in the aerobic composting experimental device according to the mass ratio of 7:2:1, and add appropriate amount of water until the biomass pile contains The water volume is 38%, turn on the power switch, stirring switch, heating switch and air pump in sequence, and set the temperature to 30°C, turn off the heating switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, and continue to ferment in an airtight environment for 7 days to complete the first fermentation. During the period, the air pressure of the reaction tank was maintained at 0.13Mpa; the waste slag of the edible fungus was the waste slag of shiitake mushrooms; Composition, its mass ratio is 3:5:2:2.

2. Add pulverized fly ash, medium and trace element salts, and fermentation bacteria B inoculum to the biomass pile after the first fermentation. The above substances are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 32:7:6:2, and an appropriate amount is added. Clean the water until the water content of the biomass pile is 60%, turn on the power switch, stirring switch, heating switch and air pump in sequence, and quickly raise the temperature to 80°C, turn off the heating switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, and continue to ferment for 3 days to complete the second stage During the secondary fermentation, the air pressure of the reaction tank is maintained at 0.15Mpa, and the fermenting bacteria B inoculum is composed of Thermomyces lanuginosa inoculum, Erythrobacter inoculum, filamentous inoculum, and saccharomyces inoculum. The mass ratio is 5:6:2:1; the fly ash needs to be sieved to remove the burnt ash, then crushed through a 60-mesh soil sieve, and soaked in 0.1mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours to activate treatment, the mass volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:1; wherein the trace element salt is composed of CaCl ₂ , MgSO ₄ , CaO·SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , H ₃ BO ₃ , MnSO ₄ , CuSO ₄ , ZnSO ₄ , and Na ₂ MoO ₄ , the molar ratio of which is 0.1:0.1:0.05:0.05:0.01:0.01:0.05:0.05:0.01.

3. After the second fermentation, pour out the biomass from the fermentation tank and stack it in the fermentation field. When the temperature drops to 50°C, add the functional bacterial agent. The above substances are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 20:8. Supplement an appropriate amount of clear water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40%, ferment at 40°C for 6 days, and obtain medium and trace element bio-organic fertilizer after the fermentation is completed; Bacillus subtilis inoculum, Bacillus megaterium inoculum, Bacillus licheniformis inoculum, Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum, Paecilomyces lavender inoculum, Trichoderma viride inoculum mixed composite functional inoculum, its mass ratio is 3: 5:3:2:1:2:2:1.

Carry out seed germination and seedling growth test by the experimental method of embodiment 1, experimental result shows, utilizes the beneficial bacteria in the microelement bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme of embodiment 2 of the present invention to be greater than 350 million/g (biological fertilizer, total nutrient content It is 17.6%, and the microelement content is 6.7%. Utilize the prepared bio-organic fertilizer to plant Agaric agaric seeds (with adding the Dewoduo bio-organic fertilizer produced by Hebei Dewoduo Fertilizer Co., Ltd. as a control) the germination rate is higher than that of the control and no fertilization The treatments were 11.5% and 18.2% higher, the biomass of fungus was 23.8% and 47.2% higher than the commercial bio-organic fertilizer and no fertilization, and the plant height was 25.8% and 49.3% higher than the commercial bio-organic fertilizer and no fertilization. , the leaf area was 20.7% and 39.3% larger, respectively, and the disease rate of seedlings was 10.8% and 17.2% lower than the commercially available bio-organic fertilizer and no fertilization treatments, respectively.

Example 3

1. Pour the discarded edible fungus dregs, bean dregs, and fermentative bacteria agent A after removing sediment into the reaction tank in the aerobic composting experimental device according to the mass ratio of 7:2:1, and add appropriate amount of water until the biomass pile contains The water volume is 42%, turn on the power switch, stirring switch, heating switch and air pump in sequence, and set the temperature to 60°C, turn off the heating switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, and continue to ferment in a closed container for 5 days to complete the first fermentation. During the period, the air pressure of the reaction tank was maintained at 0.15Mpa; the waste slag of the edible fungus was the waste slag of Flammulina velutipes; Bacteria composition, its mass ratio is 5:2:1:2.

2. Add pulverized fly ash, medium and trace element salts and fermentation bacteria B inoculum to the biomass pile after the first fermentation. The above substances are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 25:7:6:2, and an appropriate amount is added. Clean the water until the water content of the biomass pile is 50%, turn on the power switch, stirring switch, heating switch and air pump in sequence, and quickly raise the temperature to 60°C, turn off the heating switch after the temperature rises to the set temperature, and continue to ferment for 2 days to complete the second stage During the secondary fermentation, the air pressure of the reaction tank was maintained at 0.13Mpa, and the fermenting bacteria B inoculum was composed of Thermomyces lanuginosa inoculum, Erythrobacter inoculum, filamentous inoculum, and saccharomyces inoculum. The mass ratio is 5:3:2:2; the fly ash needs to be sieved to remove the burnt ash, then crushed through a 70-mesh soil sieve, and activated by soaking in 0.5mol/L NaOH solution for 24 hours treatment, the mass volume ratio of the fly ash to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:1; wherein the trace element salt is composed of CaCl ₂ , MgSO ₄ , CaO·SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ , H ₃ BO ₃ , MnSO ₄ , CuSO ₄ , ZnSO ₄ , and Na ₂ MoO ₄ , the molar ratio of which is 0.1:0.1:0.05:0.05:0.01:0.01:0.05:0.05:0.01.

3. After the second fermentation, pour out the biomass from the fermentation tank and stack it in the fermentation field. When the temperature drops to 60°C, add the functional bacterial agent. The above-mentioned substances are fully mixed according to the mass ratio of 22:8. Add appropriate amount of clean water until the water content of the biomass pile is 40%, ferment at 55°C for 4 days, the temperature in the biomass pile does not exceed 60°C during the fermentation, and obtain medium and trace element bio-organic fertilizer at the end of the fermentation; the functional bacteria The agent is mixed with rhizobium bacteria agent, brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent, Bacillus subtilis agent, Bacillus megaterium agent, Bacillus licheniformis agent, Bacillus thuringiensis agent, Paecilomyces lavender agent and Trichoderma viride agent The composition of the composite functional bacterial agent has a mass ratio of 5:3:1:2:1:3:1:1.

Carry out seed germination and seedling growth test by the experimental method of embodiment 1, experimental result shows, utilizes the beneficial bacteria in the microelement bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme of embodiment 2 of the present invention to be greater than 350 million/g biological fertilizer, and the total nutrient content is 17.9%, and the content of medium and trace elements is 7.2%. Using the prepared bio-organic fertilizer to plant Auricularia auricula seeds (with the addition of Dewoduo bio-organic fertilizer produced by Hebei Dewoduo Fertilizer Co., Ltd. as a control) the germination rate was 12.7% and 19.6% higher than that of the control and no fertilization treatment respectively (Agaricus auriculae The biomass was 22.7% and 48.3% higher than the commercial bio-organic fertilizer and no fertilization treatment, the plant height was 26.7% and 50.2% higher than the commercial bio-organic fertilizer and no fertilization treatment, and the leaf area was 21.2% and 40.7% larger, respectively. The disease rate of seedlings was 11.3% and 18.5% lower than that of the commercial bio-organic fertilizer and no fertilization, respectively.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer, it is characterised in that：It is with waste edible fungus chaff, bean dregs, powder Coal ash, middle trace element salt, fermentation bacteria agent, function bacteria agent are raw material, are prepared respectively by fermentation three times.

2. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The waste edible fungus Abandoning bacteria residue is preferably one of needle mushroom waste bacterial slag, mushroom waste bacterial slag.

3. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The zymophyte bacterium Agent includes zymophyte A microbial inoculum and zymophyte B microbial inoculum, wherein the zymophyte A microbial inoculum is bacillus subtilis microbial agent, cellulose The composite bacteria agent that enzyme, aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, white-rot fungi microbial inoculum form, mixing mass ratio are bacillus subtilis microbial agent：Fiber Plain enzyme：Aspergillus niger microbial inoculum：White-rot fungi microbial inoculum=1 ~ 10：1~10：1~5：1 ~ 5, wherein the zymophyte B is the thermophilic silk spore of wool The compound bacteria agent that bacteria agent, long red bacterium microbial inoculum, Filamentous bacteria agent, yeast bacteria agent form, mass ratio are that wool is thermophilic Hyphomycete microbial inoculum：Long red bacterium microbial inoculum：Filamentous bacteria agent：Yeast bacteria agent=it is 1 ~ 10：1~10：1~5：1~5.

4. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The function bacterium bacterium Agent is by Rhizobium Inoculant, blown-ball Azotobacter microbial inoculum, bacillus subtilis microbial agent, bacillus megaterium microbial inoculum, bacillus licheniformis The compound functional bacteria bacterium of microbial inoculum, bacillus thuringiensis microbial inoculum, paecilomyces lilacinus microbial inoculum, Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum mixing composition Agent, mass ratio are Rhizobium Inoculant：Blown-ball Azotobacter microbial inoculum：Bacillus subtilis microbial agent：Bacillus megaterium microbial inoculum：Lichens Gemma bacillus agent：Bacillus thuringiensis microbial inoculum：Paecilomyces lilacinus microbial inoculum：Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum is 1 ~ 10：1~10：1~5： 1~5：1~5：1~5：1~5：1~5.

5. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The withered grass gemma Bacillus is CGMCC, number 1.12938；The aspergillus niger is CGMCC, number 3.13901；The white-rot fungi is GDMCC, is compiled Number GIM3.393；The thermophilic hyphomycete of wool is CCTCC, number CCTCC AF 200043, and the red bacterium of length is GDMCC, Number GIM1.491, the der Pilz are CGMCC, number 1.15179；The saccharomycete is GDMCC, number GIM2.210；Institute Stating rhizobium is CGMCC, number 1.15570；The blown-ball Azotobacter is GDMCC, number GIM1.272；The huge gemma bar Bacterium is CGMCC, number 1.9072；The bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC, number 1.9048；The bacillus thuringiensis is CGMCC, number 1.7902；The paecilomyces lilacinus is GDMCC, number GIM3.405；The Trichoderma viride is CGMCC, is compiled Numbers 3.11450.

6. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is described to ferment three times It is 7 that middle first time fermentation is by waste edible fungus chaff, bean dregs and the zymophyte A microbial inoculum after removal silt in mass ratio：2：1 falls Enter the reactor tank in aerobic compost experimental provision, supplement proper amount of clear water to pile of biomass water content is 38 ~ 42%, successively opens electricity Source switch, stirring switch, heating switch and air pump, and be 30 ~ 60 DEG C by temperature setting, temperature is closed after rising to setting temperature Heating switch is closed, closed to continue fermentation 3 ~ 7 days, fermentation present invention tank air pressure maintains 0.1 ~ 0.15Mpa；The zymophyte A Bacillus subtilis microbial agent in microbial inoculum, cellulase, aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, white-rot fungi microbial inoculum mass ratio be preferably 2：4：3：1.

7. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described to ferment three times In second fermentation be that smashed flyash, middle trace element salt and hair is added in pile of biomass after fermenting to first time Yeast-like fungi B microbial inoculum, above-mentioned substance in mass ratio 10 ~ 40：1~10：1~10：1 ~ 10 mixes well, supplement proper amount of clear water to pile of biomass Water content is 40% ~ 70%, successively turns on the power switch, stirs switch, heating switch and air pump, temperature is promoted to rapidly 60 ~ 100 DEG C, temperature closes heating switch after rising to setting temperature, continues fermentation 1 ~ 3 day, and fermentation present invention tank air pressure maintains The thermophilic hyphomycete microbial inoculum of wool, long red bacterium microbial inoculum, Filamentous bacteria agent, ferment in 0.1 ~ 0.15Mpa, the zymophyte B microbial inoculum The mass ratio of female bacteria agent is preferably 3:2:3:2.

8. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is described to ferment three times The fermentation of middle third time is for the second time after fermentation, biomass to be poured out from fermentor, is stacked in fermentation field, drops to temperature Function bacteria agent, above-mentioned substance in mass ratio 10 ~ 40 are added when down to 40 ~ 60 DEG C：1 ~ 10 mixes well, and supplement proper amount of clear water is extremely Pile of biomass water content is 40% ~ 60%, is fermented 3 ~ 6 days under the conditions of 40 ~ 60 DEG C, temperature is no more than in pile of biomass during fermentation 60 DEG C, fermentation ends are microelement biological organic fertilizer in obtaining.

9. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：The first time hair Ferment temperature is preferably 40 DEG C, and fermentation time is preferably 5 days, and fermentation present invention tank air pressure is preferably 0.10Mpa；Described second Flyash, middle trace element salt and zymophyte B microbial inoculum mass ratio are preferably 34 in fermentation:8:3:5, the pile of biomass is aqueous Amount preferably 40%, fermentation temperature is preferably 90 DEG C, and fermentation time is preferably 1 day, and reactor tank air pressure is preferably 0.12Mpa, described Flyash need to pass through screening process, remove the ash content of burning-up, then crushed 50 ~ 100 mesh soil sieves, and with 0.1mol/L ~ The NaOH solution of 0.5mol/L, which is impregnated 24 hours, to be activated, the mass volume ratio of the flyash and sodium hydroxide solution It is 1:1；Rhizobium Inoculant in function bacterium described in third time fermentation, blown-ball Azotobacter microbial inoculum, bacillus subtilis microbial agent, Bacillus megaterium microbial inoculum, bacillus licheniformis agent, bacillus thuringiensis microbial inoculum, paecilomyces lilacinus microbial inoculum, green wood Mould agent mass ratio is preferably 2:1:1:1:2:1:1:1, the pile of biomass water content is preferably 50%, and fermentation time is preferably 4 It.

10. a kind of preparation method of middle microelement bio-fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：Described second Middle trace element salt is by CaCl in fermentation₂、MgSO₄、CaO·SiO₂、Fe₂(SO₄)₃、H₃BO₃、MnSO₄、CuSO₄、ZnSO₄、 Na₂MoO₄The mixture of composition, molar ratio 0.1：0.1：0.05：0.05：0.01：0.01：0.05：0.05：0.01, it is described Naoh concentration is preferably 0.2mol/L.