CN108901594A - A method of polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia is improved using vetiver - Google Patents
A method of polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia is improved using vetiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN108901594A CN108901594A CN201810823349.3A CN201810823349A CN108901594A CN 108901594 A CN108901594 A CN 108901594A CN 201810823349 A CN201810823349 A CN 201810823349A CN 108901594 A CN108901594 A CN 108901594A
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- vetiver
- mushroom
- mycelia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver, and cus-cus grass cuttings are added in cultivating champignon compost, then obtain mushroom fruiting body using conventional method in that art plantation；Or vetiver end is added in PDA solid or fluid nutrient medium, mushroom mycelium is then prepared using conventional method in that art.This method is easy to operate, can significantly improve polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia, is suitble to large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mushroom planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of to improve mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver
The method of middle polyoses content.
Background technique
Mushroom is rich in nutrition and bioactive ingredients, and lentinan has panimmunity facilitation.Mushroom is only at present
Inferior to the second in the world major class edible mushroom of agaricus bisporus.There is two hang-ups in existing Lentnus edodes, mushroom has been seriously affected
The economic and social benefit of production, one is that polyoses content is low in mushroom mycelium and fructification, has both increased lentinan drug
Cost, also reduce mushroom edible medicinal value；The other is the primary raw material of cultivating champignon is sawdust, mushroom woods contradiction is more next
It is more prominent.
Currently, existing cultivating champignon materials be mainly the parts Coniferous sawdust such as hardwood sawdust, willow and Chinese fir with
And cotton seed hulls, straw, cornstalk, wheat straw etc., lentinan output is mostly 3% or so.With the increasingly expansion of cultivating champignon scale
Greatly, need to consume the sawdust resource of a large amount of slow growth, this exists with modern ecological forestry development and Ecological Civilization Construction must
Right contradiction.Therefore, suitable substitution planting material is actively found, traditional sawdust resource is depended in reduction unduly, is promoted fragrant
The development of mushroom industry green suslainability, is the industry to improve the economic benefit of mushroom industry, social benefit and ecological benefits
The main direction of development.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to overcome that prior art defect, provides and a kind of improve mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver
The method of middle polyoses content, this method is easy to operate, can significantly improve polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia, is suitble to scale
Metaplasia produces.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A method of polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia being improved using vetiver, is added in cultivating champignon compost
Then flavoring root grass cuttings obtain mushroom fruiting body using conventional method in that art plantation；Or in PDA solid or fluid nutrient medium
Middle addition vetiver end, then prepares mushroom mycelium using conventional method in that art.
Specifically, the quality sum of cultivating champignon compost and cus-cus grass cuttings, in terms of 100%, the additive amount of cus-cus grass cuttings is
30-50%.
Further, the mass percent of each raw material of cultivating champignon compost is：Wheat bran 8-12%, lime 1-2%,
Surplus is hardwood sawdust.
The above-mentioned method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver, specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
1）Ingredient：Each raw material is weighed in proportion, and then plus water spice, control material-water ratio are 1：1.10-1.15；Then it packs, go out
Bacterium；
2）Inoculation：Mushroom strain, every bag of cave 6-8 are inoculated with using dibbling type；Bacteria room bacterium germination bacteria is transferred to after inoculation, mycelia is long
Purseful and after initially forming knob restocking get over summer annesl；
3）Cultivate flower mushroom：Through conventional flower bud, educate flower bud crouching flower bud, promote flower and protect flower to obtain the final product.
The above-mentioned method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver, specifically, every 100ml PDA
2-10g vetiver end is added in solid medium；1-4g vetiver end is added in every 100ml PDA liquid medium.
The above-mentioned method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver, further preferably：It will wash
Only it is end that the vetiver dried, which crushes, is added in PDA solid medium in proportion, inverted plate after sterilizing, and mushroom strain is inoculated with,
In 8-15 days acquisition mushroom myceliums of 25-28 DEG C of culture.
The above-mentioned method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver, further preferably：It will wash
Only it is end that the vetiver dried, which crushes, is added in PDA liquid medium in proportion, mushroom strain is inoculated with after sterilizing, in 25-
28 DEG C, 180 ± 20 r/min shaking flask culture 8-15 days to obtain the final product.
Vetiver also known as cus-cus are a kind of herbaceous plant that grass family is grown thickly for many years, with adaptable, growth is numerous
Grow fast, well developed root system, the resistance to characteristics such as lean that resist cold are commonly used for water and soil referred to as " in the world with the herbaceous plant of longest root system "
Keep plant.Vetiver is rich in lignocellulosic, is with the good material of careless Dai Mu.In addition, vetiver also contains various plants
Secondary metabolite, some ingredients can promote the raising of mushroom production.The present invention it is found through experiment that：It is trained in cultivating champignon
Nutriment（Based on sawdust）, add vetiver in PDA solid or fluid nutrient medium, planted by bag or plate, shaking flask culture mushroom,
The polyoses content being remarkably improved in mushroom fruiting body and mycelia.The method of the present invention operating procedure is simple, is suitble to large-scale production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is mushroom mycelium growing state on the solid plate of the different vetiver additive amounts of embodiment 2；
Fig. 2 be in embodiment 2 on the solid plate of different vetiver additive amounts in mushroom mycelium polysaccharide measurement chart；
The measurement result figure of the PDA liquid medium polysaccharide in fermentation liquid of Fig. 3 difference vetiver additive amount.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further discussed in detail with reference to embodiments, but protection scope of the present invention
It is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1 adds vetiver bag-cultivation of shiitake fungus.
A method of polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body being improved using vetiver, is specifically comprised the following steps：
Ingredient：Choosing is dry, nothing is gone rotten, free of contamination vetiver cauline leaf, is ground into grass cuttings with pulverizer, it is desirable that diameter 5-8 mm
Particle account for 60% or more；
For the quality sum of cultivating champignon compost and cus-cus grass cuttings in terms of 100%, the additive amount of cus-cus grass cuttings is 30-50%.This reality
Apply example respectively by cus-cus grass cuttings additive amount be 30%, 50% for be described in detail, while using pure cultivating champignon compost as
Control.The mass percent of each raw material of cultivating champignon compost is：Wheat bran 10%, lime 1%, hardwood sawdust 89%；
Each raw material is weighed respectively according to each formula rate and bag making amount.Cus-cus grass cuttings, hardwood sawdust, wheat bran are prewetted in advance, so
Add water-wet to mix according to required water content afterwards, hold the material mixed with hand-tight, having water to ooze out but do not drip between webs is advisable.Material-water ratio is
1：1.1-1.15 then pH value is adjusted to 7-7.5.
Pack：Using double-ply bag, inner bag is to exempt to cut bag.Inner bag selects 55 × 17 × 0.002cm gage plastic bag, ultra-thin
（Exempt to cut bag when fruiting, it is time saving and energy saving）, while bag and charge level are in close contact, and reduce disease incidence.Outer bag selection 60 × 18 ×
0.004cm gage plastic bag.3）Sterilizing：Normal-pressure sterilization is sterilized using cyclic steam packet, so that temperature is risen to 100 in 4~6 hours
DEG C, and maintain 24 h；When high pressure sterilization, pressure keeps 1.5 kg/cm of 1.2-2, 1.5-2h is maintained, is gone out when pressure is kept to " 0 "
Bag.
Inoculation：Transfer room must clean, dry, good leak tightness.It is inoculated with preceding sulphur, formaldehyde, the disinfection of potassium permanganate aerosol
Box or acetic acid etc. thoroughly sterilize, and are sterilized with ozone lamp.Under aseptic condition, outer bag is first sloughed, mushroom L26 is inoculated with using dibbling type
Strain, every bag of cave 6-8, is sealed with strile gauze dressing rapidly, then put on outer bag after inoculation, and concentration is transferred to bacteria room bacterium germination.
Bacterium germination bacteria：Using canopy formula layer heap bacterium germination bacteria, heap is 6-8 layers high, while shading with straw mat, cornstalk etc., canopy
Hang up sunshade net in outdoor.It cultivates indoor air relative humidity and keeps 60-70%, ventilation, half-light, cleaning, temperature is maintained at 22-27
℃.Centre carries out diligent ZOOM analysis, periodically selects the disinfections such as formaldehyde, lime, carbendazim and turning, acanthopore, inspection miscellaneous, when high temperature not
Acanthopore prevents mycelia from causing to burn bacterium because breathing prosperous fever.Bacterium germination after two months, completes acanthopore about 70.The long purseful of mycelia is simultaneously
Summer annesl is got in restocking after initially forming knob.
Cultivate flower mushroom：Using conventional tier rack type cement frame, 7-8 layers of level.Bacterium bag into putting up mushroom shed before canopy fruiting,
Suitable pavement is stayed.Every canopy discharges bacterium bag 1000-3000 bags.
a）Flower bud concentrates progress indoors or out in mushroom shed.After spring planting August part, autumn plant abundant annesl, with the vibration of appropriate intensity
Mushroom rod is moved, and using rush control measures such as conventional heating, humidification, reinforcement ventilations, promotes day and night temperature up to 10 DEG C or more（Usual 8-22
℃）, control relative air humidity 85%, expect in water content 50-55%, scatter light, oxygen is sufficient, and mycelia is promoted further to twist together shape
At mushroom flower bud.
b）It educates after flower bud crouching flower bud buddings and removes bacterium bag outer bag in time, since inner bag is ultra-thin, the strong mushroom flower bud of growing way can voluntarily be broken
Bag.Conventional positioning is carried out after broken bag, dredges flower bud.5-7 days crouching flower buds are carried out when 2 cm of mushroom flower bud or so, temperature is maintained at 8-12 DEG C, air
Relative humidity is maintained at 85-90%, scatters light, ventilation.When 5-8 days mushroom flower bud diameters reach 3-4cm and plump stalwartness after crouching flower bud, formed
Preliminary cracking patterns.
c）Promote flower and uses the big temperature difference（10 DEG C of day and night temperature >）, big dry and wet it is poor（> 15%）, ventilation, full exposure etc. promote prosecutor
Formula, continuous flower forcing 2-4 times promote mushroom lid to form white flower crackle（That is white flower mushroom）.
d）It protects after grey flower mushroom formed, keeps relative air humidity 70% in canopy hereinafter, 8-15 DEG C of temperature, it is full exposure, logical
Wind can grow up to commodity mushroom after 5 days.
Can be as needed when pick and process flower mushroom bacteria cover diameter 4-5cm, not yet parachute-opening, classification harvests in batches, no sulphur evil
Change drying, classification packaging.Bacterium foot is not stayed when harvesting, and appropriate moisturizing when interior water shortage is expected after two damp mushrooms.
Bacteria stick bacteria under 22-26 DEG C of temperature, humidity 80%-85%, half-light, ventilation condition after mushroom harvests is managed after adopting
7-10 days, when water shortage must timely moisturizing, or the certain nutrient solution of supplement prepares to produce lower damp mushroom.
Mature commodity mushroom is harvested, then according to NY/T 1676-2008 standard（The survey of Thick many candies content in edible mushroom
It is fixed）The lentinan content in cap and stem is detected respectively, as a result see the table below 1.
As can be seen from Table 1：.After adding vetiver, the polyoses content in mushroom cap and stem is obviously improved, especially
It is that polyoses content increases 3.21-3.48 times in stem.Polysaccharide in cap gradually increases with the increase of vetiver additive amount
Add.It is original 2.36 times that polysaccharide, which increases, when 50% vetiver additive amount, in cap.
Embodiment 2 adds vetiver plate culture mushroom
A method of polyoses content in mushroom mycelium being improved using vetiver, is specially：
Vetiver is cleaned drying, is cut into the slice of about 3cm, pulverizer is then placed in and crushes 30-60s to be ground into smalls.So
It is added into PDA solid medium by 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% 6 gradient proportion afterwards（I.e. every 100ml PDA solid training
It supports and adds 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, 10g vetiver end in base respectively）, to be not added with the PDA solid medium of vetiver as control
（Ck）, inverted plate after 121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min is inoculated with mushroom L26 strain.Mycelium growth vigor is observed after cultivating 10 days in 25-28 DEG C,
And scrape mycelia, mycelia is extracted, after purification process, and the survey of lentinan content in mycelia is carried out using phend-sulphuric acid
It is fixed.The result is shown in Figure 1, Fig. 2 and table 2.
It can be seen that from the culture plate in Fig. 1：With the increase of vetiver additive amount, the long quick depletion of mushroom mycelium,
But growing way is incremented by.As can be seen from Figure 2：After mycelia scrapes off addition DNS, increasing of the discovery with vetiver additive amount, color
Gradually deepen, changes in gradient.As can be seen from Table 2：With the increase of vetiver additive amount, polyoses content in mushroom mycelium
It gradually increases.
It was found from the present embodiment：In plate culture mushroom L26 strain, though vetiver is added in PDA solid medium
It not can increase the speed of growth of mycelia so, but be conducive to the growing way of mycelia, mycelia is relatively white dense sturdy.Mushroom in 2 mycelia of table
Known to the testing result of polyoses content：The yield of polysaccharide can be greatly improved in the addition of vetiver.When vetiver additive amount is 10%
（Maximum additive amount）When, polyoses content highest is 9 times of blank control.
Embodiment 3：Add vetiver Liquid Culture mushroom
A method of polyoses content in mushroom mycelium being improved using vetiver, is specially：
Vetiver is cleaned into drying, is cut into the slice of about 3cm, pulverizer is then placed in and crushes 30-60s to be ground into smalls.So
It is added in PDA liquid medium by the mixing of 1%, 2%, 4% adding proportion afterwards（In i.e. every 100ml PDA liquid medium respectively
Add 1g, 2g, 4g vetiver end）, to be not added with the PDA liquid medium of vetiver as control（Ck）.Mushroom is accessed after sterilizing
L26 strain, in 25-28 DEG C, 180 r/min shaking flask culture 10 days.Fermentation liquid is extracted in shaking flask, after purification process, using benzene
Phenol-sulfuric acid method carries out the measurement of lentinan content in fermentation liquid.As a result see Fig. 3 and table 3.
The present invention measures lentinan solution using phend-sulphuric acid, and the measuring principle of the method is：Sugar is made in the concentrated sulfuric acid
Under, hydrolysis becomes monosaccharide molecule, and rapid dehydration produces alditol derivative, which is again orange-yellow chemical combination with phenol condensation
Object, at 490nm and within the scope of a certain concentration, linear relationship direct ratio is presented in absorbance and polyoses content.In general, color is got over
It is deep, show that hydrolytic condensate content is high, the monosaccharide molecule that polysaccharide hydrolysis obtains is more, and polyoses content is higher, and Fig. 3 is that naked eyes can be with
The result observed directly.It can be seen that from the polysaccharide solution color in Fig. 3：It is more with gradually increasing for vetiver additive amount
Sugared content also increases.Specific polysaccharide is then to convert to obtain by standard curve and absorbance containing numerical quantity, is as a result detailed in table
3.As can be seen from Table 3：The yield of polysaccharide can be greatly improved in the addition of vetiver.When vetiver additive amount is 4%（Maximum adds
Dosage）When, polyoses content highest is 13 times of blank control.
The content of the PDA liquid medium polysaccharide in fermentation liquid of the different vetiver additive amounts of table 3
In above-described embodiment 2 and 3, before carrying out lentinan assay using phend-sulphuric acid, what mycelia or fermentation liquid passed through
Extraction, purification process are specific as follows：
1）The extraction of lentinan：By mycelia or fermentation liquid with filtering after 98 DEG C of hot-water extraction 3h, 10 times are concentrated by evaporation, 4 times of amounts
95% ethyl alcohol is stayed overnight.5000r/min is centrifuged 15min, abandons supernatant；Precipitate 85% ethanol washing；5000r/min is centrifuged 10min, abandons
Supernatant；Precipitating is again with 85% ethanol washing；5000r/min is centrifuged 10min, then abandons supernatant, and precipitating is Thick many candies with hot water dissolving
Solution；
2）The purifying of lentinan：Protein method is taken off using Sevage：Isometric chloroform and positive fourth are added in Thick many candies solution
Alcohol（V:V=4:1）Mixed liquor, concussion shakes up.5000r/min is centrifuged 10min, and it is more to get mushroom that supernatant is carefully sucked out in liquid-transfering gun
Sugar juice.The subsequent phend-sulphuric acid that directlys adopt carries out measurement of the polysaccharide content in lentinan solution, this is conventional for this field
Technology, so repeating no more.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver, which is characterized in that planted in mushroom
It trains and adds cus-cus grass cuttings in compost, mushroom fruiting body is then obtained using conventional method in that art plantation；Or in PDA solid
Or vetiver end is added in fluid nutrient medium, mushroom mycelium is then prepared using conventional method in that art.
2. the method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver as described in claim 1, feature exist
In for the quality sum of cultivating champignon compost and cus-cus grass cuttings in terms of 100%, the additive amount of cus-cus grass cuttings is 30-50%.
3. the method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver as claimed in claim 2, feature exist
In the mass percent of each raw material of cultivating champignon compost is：Wheat bran 8-12%, lime 1-2%, surplus are broadleaf tree
Bits.
4. the method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver as described in claims 1 to 3 is any,
It is characterized in that, includes the following steps：
1）Ingredient：Each raw material is weighed in proportion, and then plus water spice, control material-water ratio are 1：1.10-1.15；Then it packs, go out
Bacterium；
2）Inoculation：Mushroom strain, every bag of cave 6-8 are inoculated with using dibbling type；Bacteria room bacterium germination bacteria is transferred to after inoculation, mycelia is long
Purseful and after initially forming knob restocking get over summer annesl；
3）Cultivate flower mushroom：Through conventional flower bud, educate flower bud crouching flower bud, promote flower and protect flower to obtain the final product.
5. the method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver as described in claim 1, feature exist
In addition 2-10g vetiver end in every 100ml PDA solid medium；1-4g is added in every 100ml PDA liquid medium
Vetiver end.
6. the method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver as claimed in claim 5, feature exist
In it is last for crushing the vetiver of clean drying, is added in PDA solid medium in proportion, inverted plate after sterilizing, inoculation is fragrant
Mushroom strains, in 8-15 days acquisition mushroom myceliums of 25-28 DEG C of culture.
7. the method for improving polyoses content in mushroom fruiting body or mycelia using vetiver as claimed in claim 5, feature exist
In, it is last that the vetiver of clean drying, which is crushed, it is added in PDA liquid medium in proportion, mushroom strain is inoculated with after sterilizing,
In 25-28 DEG C, 180 ± 20 r/min shaking flask culture 8-15 days to obtain the final product.
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| CN201810823349.3A CN108901594B (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2018-07-25 | Method for improving polysaccharide content in fruiting bodies or hyphae of lentinus edodes by utilizing vetiver |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113528354A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-22 | 上海市农业科学院 | Lentinula edodes monokaryon culture medium, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN101830757A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2010-09-15 | 南阳天冠种业有限公司 | Vetiver substrate for culturing edible mushrooms |
| CN102986449A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2013-03-27 | 南阳市乾景中药材开发有限公司 | Method for improving mushroom quality |
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2018
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| CN101082057A (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2007-12-05 | 重庆工学院 | High temperature revulsion method for improving lentinan output |
| CN101830757A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2010-09-15 | 南阳天冠种业有限公司 | Vetiver substrate for culturing edible mushrooms |
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| CN113528354A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-22 | 上海市农业科学院 | Lentinula edodes monokaryon culture medium, and preparation method and application thereof |
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