CN108859362B - 一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料及其制备方法,由七层结构组成,自上而下分别为无纺布层、硬质多孔泡沫层、塑料薄膜层、空心玻璃球层、纳米纤维膜层、软质多孔泡沫层及针织面料层;无纺布层为玻璃短纤维与PU纤维热粘合而成的无纺布层,无纺布层为隔音材料的基布;硬质多孔泡沫层和软质多孔泡沫层均聚酯泡沫板形成的吸音层;空心玻璃球层是由空心玻璃球散乱排列在塑料薄膜层与纳米纤维膜层之间形成的空气层结构。本发明采用不同吸声、隔声原理,达到高效、宽频的吸声隔音效果,有效解决车内噪音问题;作为汽车内饰材料,多层压制,加工工艺简单;厚度仅为1~1.5cm,轻质美观实用,清洁环保,易于安装操作,并有效提高车内环境的舒适性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸声隔音材料技术领域,具体涉及一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
噪音污染已成为继大气、环境的第三大污染,尤其是生活在嘈杂的都市环境中整天面对着各种各样的噪音,极大的影响着人体的身心健康,影响人们的生活质量;随着城市交通网络的逐步完善,人们出行更多的是使用各种各样的交通工具,如:汽车、飞机、火车、地铁、公交等;但是这些交通工具的使用,必然也就带来各种噪音,影响乘车舒适感。随着人们生活水平的提高,汽车已成为一种常见的交通工具,其普及率日益增加。汽车在启动时,发动机等零件会产生噪音,而且外部的噪音也会传播到车内,汽车内的驾驶员会听到噪音,人类可以接受的噪音在44分贝以下,超过44分贝人就开始感觉不适,当司机听到的噪声过大时会影响其正常思考,导致判断错误,甚至发生交通事故,造成人员伤亡;在汽车的发动和行驶过程中车内会产生各种动态噪音,这些噪音也直接关乎乘车人的舒适度和听觉健康;因此有效的降低车厢内的噪音,营造安静、健康的驾驶和乘坐环境显得尤为重要。降低车内噪音主要取决于车体本身的设计、材质以及内饰吸音材料,其中设计高品质的吸声隔音材料是最常见同时也是较为高效的一种降噪方法。
传统配方的汽车隔音材料的隔音层中的各种热塑性树脂分子之间结合不够紧密,且热塑性树脂与填料之间界面结合差,不够密实,难以达到理想的隔音效果,且由于添加了大量无机填料,增大了材料重量,与汽车轻量化的趋势相背离。目前,市场上车用吸音材料主要分为多孔吸声材料和共振结构吸声材料。多孔吸声材料一般高频吸声系数大、比重小,并且透气性高,故材料本体对灰尘和吸烟者的烟具有过滤的作用,但同时其多孔表面容易被污染,并且对较低频率的噪音吸收效果不明显。常用的穿孔板共振吸声结构材料一般比重较大,吸收频率范围较小。
如中国专利申请CN107599522A公开了一种高吸音性能多孔复合材料的汽车内饰顶棚,由下无纺布层、下打孔胶膜、下玻璃纤维毡、聚氨酯泡沫板、上玻璃纤维毡、上打孔胶膜、上无纺布层、面料自下而上粘接而成;下打孔胶膜和上打孔胶膜表面有圆形凸起小孔。其利用打孔胶膜和泡沫板的多孔结构实现其良好的吸音效果,但其对于中低频的噪音的吸音率不高,并且厚度、比重相对较大,影响汽车生产中的安装使用。
如中国专利申请CN103489442A公开了一种柔性吸音材料,包括:泡棉底层、黏胶层、保护层和吸音层,泡棉底层一面设置有黏胶层,黏胶层另一侧设置有保护层,泡棉底层的另一侧设置有吸音层。其发泡材料和有台状突起的吸音层虽具有较好的隔噪效果,但整体叠加后的过于柔软,并且厚度太大,影响安装和使用。
如中国专利申请CN104339782A公开了一种车用吸音隔热材料及制备方法,包括五层结构,依次是:底层玻璃纤维,第二层是玻璃纤维、PP纤维、PET纤维三者的混合纤维,中间层为PP材料与PET的混合纤维,第四层是玻璃纤维、PP纤维、PET纤维三者的混合纤维,面层为玻璃纤维,五层熔融连接成一体。制备的车用隔音垫,其相较于传统吸音材料,吸音性能稍有提高,并具有良好的隔热性能,但其对于较高和较低频率的噪音不能达到较好的吸音、隔音效果,并且整个材质较硬,表面粗糙,不具备良好的舒适性。
发明内容
本发明正是为了克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种轻质美观、吸音隔音效果好、高效实用、耐晒、清洁环保的多层宽频吸声隔音材料及其制备方法。
本发明采用的第一种技术方案一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料,由七层结构组成,自上而下分别为无纺布层、硬质多孔泡沫层、塑料薄膜层、空心玻璃球层、纳米纤维膜层、软质多孔泡沫层及针织面料层;所述无纺布层为玻璃短纤维与PU纤维热粘合而成的无纺布层,所述无纺布层为隔音材料的基布。
优选地,所述硬质多孔泡沫层和软质多孔泡沫层均为聚酯泡沫板形成的吸音层,其厚度均为2~5mm,孔径均为8~15μm,密度均为70000~90000个/平米。
优选地,所述塑料薄膜层为PE、PP、PET或PVC薄膜层,厚度为0.05~0.2mm,克重为1.5~10g/m2。
优选地,所述空心玻璃球层是由空心玻璃球散乱排列在所述塑料薄膜层与所述纳米纤维膜层之间形成的空气层结构,所述空心玻璃球直径为40~80μm。
优选地,所述纳米纤维膜层采用静电纺PU纳米纤维形成,所述纳米纤维膜层的密度为0.1~1g/cm2,纤维直径为500nm~2μm。
优选地,所述针织面料层为涤纶纤维织成的具有过滤作用的针织面料层,克重为80~150g/m2。
优选地,所述无纺布层中所述玻璃短纤维长度3~6mm,直径10~20μm,PU纤维长度3~6mm,直径10~20μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为90:10~70:30;所述隔音材料的厚度为1~1.5cm。
本发明采用的第二种技术方案,一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料的制备方法,隔音材料由以下步骤制备:
1)将玻璃短纤维与PU纤维通过热粘合工艺加工成无纺布层作为隔音材料的基布,所述玻璃短纤维长度3~6mm,直径10~20μm,PU纤维长度3~6mm,直径10~20μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为90:10~70:30,混合梳理成网后热压,热压温度90~120℃,压力80~150Kg/cm2,热压时间10~30s;
2)将步骤1)中制备的所述无纺布层底面朝上,依次在其底面上叠放硬质多孔泡沫层、PE塑料薄膜层,所述硬质多孔泡沫层的厚度为2~5mm,孔径为8~15μm,密度为70000~90000个/平米,所述PE塑料薄膜层的厚度为0.05~0.2mm,克重为1.5~10g/m2;
3)在步骤2)中所述的塑料薄膜层的表面均匀喷上PU胶,然后将空心玻璃球散乱排列在喷胶后的所述塑料薄膜层上,形成具有空气层结构的空心玻璃球层,其中,所述空心玻璃球直径为40~80μm;
4)在步骤3)中所述空心玻璃球层表面采用PU电纺丝液通过静电纺丝工艺形成PU纳米纤维膜层,使得纳米纤维膜层的密度为0.1~1g/cm2,纤维直径为500nm~2μm;所述静电纺丝工艺中,PU溶剂为DMAc和丙酮混合物,配比为8:2~3:7,质量百分数为12~18wt%,纺丝电压12~25Kv,接受距离10~15cm;
5)在所述步骤4)形成的PU纳米纤维膜层表面依次叠放软质多孔泡沫层、涤纶针织面料层,所述软质多孔泡沫层的厚度为2~5mm,孔径为8~15μm,密度为70000~90000个/平米,所述涤纶针织面料层的克重为80~150g/m2;
6)将上述步骤5)得到的7层叠加材料放置模具中,经过热压机,进行加压加热复合,模压成型,制得多层宽频吸声隔音材料,所述隔音材料的厚度为1~1.5cm;
7)将步骤6)模压成型后的所述隔音材料进行冷却、切割及包装储运。
优选地,所述步骤6)中热压温度为120~140℃,处理时间为35~90s。
优选地,所述隔音材料用于汽车内饰。
本发明所获得的有益技术效果:
1.在汽车内饰采用本发明所制备的吸声隔音材料,车内、外产生不同低、中、高频的声波时,声波经硬质、软质多孔泡沫层材料吸收大部分的音波,部分音波穿透多孔泡沫材料时,再经过纳米纤维膜层材料、塑料薄膜层的震荡消耗,达到有效吸音的效果,本发明所制备的吸声隔音材料产品在频率为1000-7000Hz范围内展现出很好的吸声隔音效果。
2.本发明的吸声隔音材料中采用空心玻璃球层结构,在塑料薄膜层与纳米纤维膜层之间形成了空气层结构,进一步提高了吸音效果,总体上解决了车内回声、混响等问题,极大程度解决车内驾驶噪音问题。
3.本发明的吸声隔音材料采用多层吸引、隔音材料,将不同空隙结构、多孔结构、空气层结构、膜结构集合,协同各种吸声隔音机制作用,达到高效、宽频的吸声隔音效果,有效解决车内回声、混响等噪音问题。
4.本发明的吸声隔音材料中,其表面涤纶针织面料层等特殊材料的使用,可提高耐晒性能,并可过滤灰尘,清洁环保。
5.本发明的吸声隔音材料作为汽车内饰材料,采用多层压制,加工工艺简单;厚度仅为1~1.5cm,轻质美观实用,易于安装操作,并有效提高车内环境的舒适性。
附图说明
图1为本发明多层宽频吸声隔音材料的结构示意图;
图2为本发明不同纳米纤维膜厚度下吸声隔音材料的吸声系数;
图3为本发明不同厚度吸声隔音材料的吸声系数。
附图说明:1、无纺布层;2、硬质多孔泡沫层;3、塑料薄膜层;4、空心玻璃球层;5、纳米纤维膜层;6、软质多孔泡沫层;7、针织面料层。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述,其仅为本发明的优选地或较佳的实施方式,并非因此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
如图1所示,一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料,由七层结构组成,自上而下分别为无纺布层1、硬质多孔泡沫层2、塑料薄膜层3、空心玻璃球层4、纳米纤维膜层5、软质多孔泡沫层6及针织面料层7。多层宽频吸声隔音材料的厚度为1.2cm。
无纺布层1为玻璃短纤维与PU纤维热粘合而成的无纺布层1,无纺布层1作为多层宽频吸声隔音材料的基布,玻璃短纤维长度4mm,直径15μm,PU纤维长度4mm,直径15μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为80:20。硬质多孔泡沫层2和软质多孔泡沫层6均为聚酯泡沫板形成的吸音层,吸收大部分波能,厚度均为3mm,孔径均为11μm,密度均为78000个/平米;使用时硬质多孔泡沫层2贴近车表面,维持隔音材料的形状,且不易变形;软质多孔泡沫层6材料较柔软,提高舒适度。塑料薄膜层3为PE薄膜层,厚度为0.15mm,克重为5.2g/m2,当高频声波直接透过了多孔泡沫材料时,引起塑料薄膜层3的振动、摩擦,消耗能量,声能再次减弱。空心玻璃球层4是由空心玻璃球散乱排列在塑料薄膜层3与纳米纤维膜层5之间形成的空气层结构,空心玻璃球层4直径为50μm,空心玻璃球层4是在塑料薄膜层3一面喷上PU胶之后粘贴上去,散乱排列,形成空气层,提高隔音能力。纳米纤维膜层5采用静电纺聚氨酯PU纳米纤维形成,纳米纤维直径为1μm,纳米纤维膜层5的密度为0.5g/cm2,在中低频时波长较长,声波在接触高孔隙纳米纤维材料时更容易发生震荡吸收,声波能量快速降低。针织面料层7为涤纶纤维织成的具有过滤作用的针织面料层,克重为130g/m2,舒适,美观,耐晒,并可以对灰尘等起到一定的过滤作用,防止里层孔隙材料的污染。
一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料由以下步骤制备:
1)将玻璃短纤维与PU纤维通过热粘合工艺加工成无纺布层1作为隔音材料的基布;玻璃短纤维长度4mm,直径15μm,PU纤维长度4mm,直径15μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为80:20,混合梳理成网后热压,热压温度115℃,压力115Kg/cm2,热压时间20s;
2)将步骤1)中制备的无纺布层1底面朝上,依次在其底面上叠放硬质多孔泡沫层2、塑料薄膜层3,硬质多孔泡沫层2的厚度为3mm,孔径为11μm,密度为78000个/平米,塑料薄膜层3的厚度为0.15mm,克重为5.2g/m2;
3)在步骤2)中的塑料薄膜层3的表面均匀喷上PU胶,然后将空心玻璃球散乱排列在喷胶后的塑料薄膜层3上,形成具有空气层结构的空心玻璃球层4,其中,空心玻璃球直径为50μm;
4)在步骤3)中空心玻璃球层4表面采用PU电纺丝液通过静电纺丝工艺形成PU纳米纤维膜层5,使得纳米纤维膜层5的密度为0.5g/cm2,纤维直径为1μm,静电纺丝工艺中,PU溶剂为DMAc和丙酮混合物,配比为6:4,质量百分数为15wt%,纺丝电压18Kv,接受距离13cm;
5)在步骤4)形成的PU纳米纤维膜层5表面依次叠放软质多孔泡沫层6、涤纶针织面料层7,软质多孔泡沫层6的厚度为3mm,孔径为11μm,密度为78000个/平米,涤纶针织面料层7的克重为130g/m2;
6)将上述步骤5)得到的7层叠加材料放置模具中,经过热压机,进行加压加热复合,模压成型,热压温度为130℃,处理时间为70s,压力为2000N,制得多层宽频吸声隔音材料的厚度为1.2cm;
7)将步骤6)模压成型后的隔音材料进行冷却、切割及包装储运。
本发明的隔音材料用于汽车内饰。
实施例2
如图1所示,一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料,由七层结构组成,自上而下分别为无纺布层1、硬质多孔泡沫层2、塑料薄膜层3、空心玻璃球层4、纳米纤维膜层5、软质多孔泡沫层6、针织面料层7。多层宽频吸声隔音材料的厚度为1cm。
无纺布层1为玻璃短纤维与PU纤维热粘合而成的无纺布层1,无纺布层1作为多层宽频吸声隔音材料的基布,玻璃短纤维长度3mm,直径10μm,PU纤维长度3mm,直径10μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为90:10。硬质多孔泡沫层2和软质多孔泡沫层6均为聚酯泡沫板形成的吸音层,吸收大部分波能,厚度均为2mm,孔径均为8μm,密度均为70000个/平米;使用时硬质多孔泡沫层2贴近车表面,维持隔音材料的形状,且不易变形;软质多孔泡沫层6材料较柔软,提高舒适度。塑料薄膜层3为PP薄膜层,厚度为0.05mm,克重为1.5g/m2,当高频声波直接透过了多孔泡沫材料时,引起塑料薄膜层3的振动、摩擦,消耗能量,声能再次减弱。空心玻璃球层4是由空心玻璃球散乱排列在塑料薄膜层3与纳米纤维膜层5之间形成的空气层结构,空心玻璃球层4直径为40μm,空心玻璃球层4是在塑料薄膜层3一面喷上PU胶之后粘贴上去,散乱排列,形成空气层,提高隔音能力。纳米纤维膜层5采用静电纺聚氨酯PU纳米纤维形成,纳米纤维直径为500nm,纳米纤维膜层5的密度为0.1g/cm2,在中低频时波长较长,声波在接触高孔隙纳米纤维材料时更容易发生震荡吸收,声波能量快速降低。针织面料层7为涤纶纤维织成的具有过滤作用的针织面料层,克重为80g/m2,舒适,美观,耐晒,并可以对灰尘等起到一定的过滤作用,防止里层孔隙材料的污染。
一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料由以下步骤制备:
1)将玻璃短纤维与PU纤维通过热粘合工艺加工成无纺布层1作为隔音材料的基布;玻璃短纤维长度3mm,直径10μm,PU纤维长度3mm,直径10μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为90:10,混合梳理成网后热压,热压温度90℃,压力80Kg/cm2,热压时间10s;
2)将步骤1)中制备的无纺布层1底面朝上,依次在其底面上叠放硬质多孔泡沫层2、塑料薄膜层3,硬质多孔泡沫层2的厚度为2mm,孔径为8μm,密度为70000个/平米,塑料薄膜层3的厚度为0.05mm,克重为1.5g/m2;
3)在步骤2)中的塑料薄膜层3的表面均匀喷上PU胶,然后将空心玻璃球散乱排列在喷胶后的塑料薄膜层3上,形成具有空气层结构的空心玻璃球层4,其中,空心玻璃球直径为40μm;
4)在步骤3)中空心玻璃球层4表面采用PU电纺丝液通过静电纺丝工艺形成PU纳米纤维膜层5,使得纳米纤维膜层5的密度为0.1g/cm2,纤维直径为500nm,静电纺丝工艺中,PU溶剂为DMAc和丙酮混合物,配比为8:2,质量百分数为12wt%,纺丝电压12Kv,接受距离10cm;
5)在步骤4)形成的PU纳米纤维膜层5表面依次叠放软质多孔泡沫层6、涤纶针织面料层7,软质多孔泡沫层6的厚度为2mm,孔径为8μm,密度为70000个/平米,涤纶针织面料层7的克重为80g/m2;
6)将上述步骤5)得到的7层叠加材料放置模具中,经过热压机,进行加压加热复合,模压成型,热压温度为120℃,处理时间为35s,压力为1500N,制得多层宽频吸声隔音材料的厚度为1cm;
7)将步骤6)模压成型后的隔音材料进行冷却、切割及包装储运。
本发明的隔音材料用于汽车内饰。
实施例3
如图1所示,一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料,由七层结构组成,自上而下分别为无纺布层1、硬质多孔泡沫层2、塑料薄膜层3、空心玻璃球层4、纳米纤维膜层5、软质多孔泡沫层6、针织面料层7。多层宽频吸声隔音材料的厚度为1.5cm。
无纺布层1为玻璃短纤维与PU纤维热粘合而成的无纺布层1,无纺布层1作为多层宽频吸声隔音材料的基布,玻璃短纤维长度6mm,直径20μm,PU纤维长度6mm,直径20μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为70:30。硬质多孔泡沫层2和软质多孔泡沫层6均为聚酯泡沫板形成的吸音层,吸收大部分波能,厚度均为5mm,孔径均为15μm,密度均为90000个/平米;使用时硬质多孔泡沫层2贴近车表面,维持隔音材料的形状,且不易变形;软质多孔泡沫层6材料较柔软,提高舒适度。塑料薄膜层3为PET薄膜层,厚度为0.2mm,克重为10g/m2,当高频声波直接透过了多孔泡沫材料时,引起塑料薄膜层3的振动、摩擦,消耗能量,声能再次减弱。空心玻璃球层4是由空心玻璃球散乱排列在塑料薄膜层3与纳米纤维膜层5之间形成的空气层结构,空心玻璃球层4直径为80μm,空心玻璃球层4是在塑料薄膜层3一面喷上PU胶之后粘贴上去,散乱排列,形成空气层,提高隔音能力。纳米纤维膜层5采用静电纺聚氨酯PU纳米纤维形成,纳米纤维直径为2μm,纳米纤维膜层5的密度为1g/cm2,在中低频时波长较长,声波在接触高孔隙纳米纤维材料时更容易发生震荡吸收,声波能量快速降低。针织面料层7为涤纶纤维织成的具有过滤作用的针织面料层,克重为150g/m2,舒适,美观,耐晒,并可以对灰尘等起到一定的过滤作用,防止里层孔隙材料的污染。
一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料由以下步骤制备:
1)将玻璃短纤维与PU纤维通过热粘合工艺加工成无纺布层1作为隔音材料的基布;玻璃短纤维长度6mm,直径20μm,PU纤维长度6mm,直径20μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为70:30,混合梳理成网后热压,热压温度120℃,压力150Kg/cm2,热压时间30s;
2)将步骤1)中制备的无纺布层1底面朝上,依次在其底面上叠放硬质多孔泡沫层2、塑料薄膜层3,硬质多孔泡沫层2的厚度为5mm,孔径为15μm,密度为90000个/平米,塑料薄膜层3的厚度为0.2mm,克重为10g/m2;
3)在步骤2)中的塑料薄膜层3的表面均匀喷上PU胶,然后将空心玻璃球散乱排列在喷胶后的塑料薄膜层3上,形成具有空气层结构的空心玻璃球层4,其中,空心玻璃球直径为80μm;
4)在步骤3)中空心玻璃球层4表面采用PU电纺丝液通过静电纺丝工艺形成PU纳米纤维膜层5,使得纳米纤维膜层5的密度为1g/cm2,纤维直径为2μm;静电纺丝工艺中,PU溶剂为DMAc和丙酮混合物,配比为3:7,质量百分数为18wt%,纺丝电压25Kv,接受距离15cm;
5)在步骤4)形成的PU纳米纤维膜层5表面依次叠放软质多孔泡沫层6、涤纶针织面料层7,软质多孔泡沫层6的厚度为5mm,孔径为15μm,密度为90000个/平米,涤纶针织面料层7的克重为150g/m2;
6)将上述步骤5)得到的7层叠加材料放置模具中,经过热压机,进行加压加热复合,模压成型,热压温度为140℃,处理时间为90s,压力为3000N,制得多层宽频吸声隔音材料的厚度为1.5cm;
7)将步骤6)模压成型后的隔音材料进行冷却、切割及包装储运。
实施例4
如图1所示,一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料,由七层结构组成,自上而下分别为无纺布层1、硬质多孔泡沫层2、塑料薄膜层3、空心玻璃球层4、纳米纤维膜层5、软质多孔泡沫层6、针织面料层7。多层宽频吸声隔音材料的厚度为1.2~1.4cm。
无纺布层1为玻璃短纤维与PU纤维热粘合而成的无纺布层1,无纺布层1作为多层宽频吸声隔音材料的基布,玻璃短纤维长度4~5mm,直径13~17μm,PU纤维长度4~5mm,直径13~17μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为85:15~75:25。硬质多孔泡沫层2和软质多孔泡沫层6均为聚酯泡沫板形成的吸音层,吸收大部分波能,厚度均为3~4mm,孔径均为10~13μm,密度均为75000~85000个/平米;使用时硬质多孔泡沫层2贴近车表面,维持隔音材料的形状,且不易变形;软质多孔泡沫层6材料较柔软,提高舒适度。塑料薄膜层3为PVC薄膜层,厚度为0.1~0.15mm,克重为4~7g/m2,当高频声波直接透过了多孔泡沫材料时,引起塑料薄膜层3的振动、摩擦,消耗能量,声能再次减弱。空心玻璃球层4是由空心玻璃球散乱排列在塑料薄膜层3与纳米纤维膜层5之间形成的空气层结构,空心玻璃球层4直径为60~70μm,空心玻璃球层4是在塑料薄膜层3一面喷上PU胶之后粘贴上去,散乱排列,形成空气层,提高隔音能力。纳米纤维膜层5采用静电纺聚氨酯PU纳米纤维形成,纳米纤维直径为1μm~1.5μm,纳米纤维膜层5的密度为0.4~0.8g/cm2,在中低频时波长较长,声波在接触高孔隙纳米纤维材料时更容易发生震荡吸收,声波能量快速降低。针织面料层7为涤纶纤维织成的具有过滤作用的针织面料层,克重为100~130g/m2,舒适,美观,耐晒,并可以对灰尘等起到一定的过滤作用,防止里层孔隙材料的污染。
一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料由以下步骤制备:
1)将玻璃短纤维与PU纤维通过热粘合工艺加工成无纺布层1作为隔音材料的基布;玻璃短纤维长度4~5mm,直径13~17μm,PU纤维长度4~5mm,直径13~17μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为85:15~75:25,混合梳理成网后热压,热压温度100~110℃,压力100~130Kg/cm2,热压时间15~25s;
2)将步骤1)中制备的无纺布层1底面朝上,依次在其底面上叠放硬质多孔泡沫层2、塑料薄膜层3,硬质多孔泡沫层2的厚度为3~4mm,孔径为10~13μm,密度为75000~85000个/平米,塑料薄膜层3的厚度为0.1~0.15mm,克重为4~7g/m2;
3)在步骤2)中的塑料薄膜层3的表面均匀喷上PU胶,然后将空心玻璃球散乱排列在喷胶后的塑料薄膜层3上,形成具有空气层结构的空心玻璃球层4,其中,空心玻璃球直径为60~70μm;
4)在步骤3)中空心玻璃球层4表面采用PU电纺丝液通过静电纺丝工艺形成PU纳米纤维膜层5,使得纳米纤维膜层5的密度为0.4~0.8g/cm2,纤维直径为1μm~1.5μm;静电纺丝工艺中,PU溶剂为DMAc和丙酮混合物,配比为7:3~4:6,质量百分数为14~16wt%,纺丝电压15~20Kv,接受距离11~14cm;
5)在步骤4)形成的PU纳米纤维膜层5表面依次叠放软质多孔泡沫层6、涤纶针织面料层7,软质多孔泡沫层6的厚度为3~4mm,孔径为10~13μm,密度为75000~85000个/平米,涤纶针织面料层7的克重为100~130g/m2;
6)将上述步骤5)得到的7层叠加材料放置模具中,经过热压机,进行加压加热复合,模压成型,热压温度为125~140℃,处理时间为50~70s,压力为1800~2400N,制得多层宽频吸声隔音材料的厚度为1.2~1.4cm;
7)将步骤6)模压成型后的隔音材料进行冷却、切割及包装储运。
本发明的多层宽频吸声隔音材料用于汽车内饰。接触到车内、外不同低、中、高频的声波时,上述硬质、软质多孔泡沫层6材料吸收大部分的音波,当部分音波穿透多孔泡沫材料时,引起下一层的纳米纤维膜层5材料以及塑料薄膜层3的震荡消耗,达到有效吸音。上述纳米纤维膜层5材料的体积密度影响材料的孔径大小,体积密度太小,会使声波极易穿透改织物,吸音效果不理想;体积密度过大,会造成声波的反射,因此本发明中纳米纤维膜层5的体积密度选择为0.1~1g/cm2,优选为0.8g/cm2。同时由于上述多层宽频吸声隔音材料中心层空心玻璃球层4的存在,良好隔音效果,总体上可解决车内回声、混响等问题,极大程度解决车内驾驶噪音问题。
本发明所制备的吸声隔音材料的性能测试效果如附图2-3所示。其中,附图2示出了不同纳米纤维膜厚度下吸声隔音材料的吸声系数;附图3示出了不同厚度吸声隔音材料的吸声系数。本发明所制备的吸声隔音材料产品在频率为1000-7000Hz范围内展现出很好的吸声隔音效果。
以上均为本发明的优选的部分实施例,凡常规的替代或者能够实现本发明相同或相似的功能在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下对实施例进行变化、修改、替换、整合和参数变更均落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种多层宽频吸声隔音材料,其特征在于,由七层结构组成,自上而下分别为无纺布层(1)、硬质多孔泡沫层(2)、塑料薄膜层(3)、空心玻璃球层(4)、纳米纤维膜层(5)、软质多孔泡沫层(6)及针织面料层(7);
所述无纺布层(1)为玻璃短纤维与PU纤维热粘合而成的无纺布层(1),所述无纺布层(1)为隔音材料的基布,所述空心玻璃球层(4)是由空心玻璃球散乱排列在喷胶后的所述塑料薄膜层(3)上,并在所述塑料薄膜层(3)与所述纳米纤维膜层(5)之间形成空气层结构,所述空心玻璃球层(4)位于所述多层宽频吸声隔音材料的中心层;
所述硬质多孔泡沫层(2)和软质多孔泡沫层(6)均为聚酯泡沫板形成的吸音层,其厚度均为2~5mm,孔径均为8~15μm,孔密度均为70000~90000个/平方米;
所述塑料薄膜层(3)为PE、PP、PET或PVC薄膜层,厚度为0.05~0.2mm,克重为1.5~10g/m2;所述空心玻璃球直径为40~80μm;所述纳米纤维膜层(5)采用静电纺PU纳米纤维形成,所述纳米纤维膜层(5)的密度为0.1~1g/cm2,所述纳米纤维直径为500nm~2μm;所述针织面料层(7)为涤纶纤维织成的具有过滤作用的针织面料层(7),克重为80~150g/m2;所述无纺布层(1)中所述玻璃短纤维长度3~6mm,直径10~20μm,PU纤维长度3~6mm ,直径10~20μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为90:10~70:30;所述隔音材料的厚度为1~1.5cm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层宽频吸声隔音材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述隔音材料由以下步骤制备:
1)将玻璃短纤维与PU纤维通过热粘合工艺加工成无纺布层(1)作为隔音材料的基布,所述玻璃短纤维长度3~6mm,直径10~20μm,PU纤维长度3~6mm ,直径10~20μm,玻璃短纤维与PU纤维混比为90:10~70:30,混合梳理成网后热压,热压温度90~120℃,压力80~150Kg/cm2,热压时间10~30s;
2)将步骤1)中制备的所述无纺布层(1)底面朝上,依次在其底面上叠放硬质多孔泡沫层(2)、塑料薄膜层(3),所述硬质多孔泡沫层(2)的厚度为 2~5mm,孔径为8~15μm,孔密度为70000~90000个/平方米,所述塑料薄膜层(3)的厚度为0.05~0.2mm,克重为1.5~10g/m2;
3)在步骤2)中所述的塑料薄膜层(3)的表面均匀喷上PU胶,然后将空心玻璃球散乱排列在喷胶后的所述塑料薄膜层(3)上,形成具有空气层结构的空心玻璃球层(4),其中,所述空心玻璃球直径为40~80μm;
4)在步骤3)中所述空心玻璃球层(4)表面采用PU静电纺丝液通过静电纺丝工艺形成PU纳米纤维膜层(5),使得纳米纤维膜层(5)的密度为0.1~1g/cm3,纤维直径为500nm~2μm;所述静电纺丝工艺中,PU溶剂为DMAC和丙酮混合物,配比为8:2~3:7,PU质量百分数为12~18wt%,纺丝电压12~25Kv,接受距离10~15cm;
5)在所述步骤4)形成的PU纳米纤维膜层(5)表面依次叠放软质多孔泡沫层(6)、涤纶针织面料层(7),所述软质多孔泡沫层(6)的厚度为 2~5mm,孔径为8~15μm,孔密度为70000~90000个/平方米,所述涤纶针织面料层(7)的克重为80~150g/m2;
6)将上述步骤5)得到的7层叠加材料放置于模具中,经过热压机,进行加压加热复合,模压成型,制得多层宽频吸声隔音材料,所述隔音材料的厚度为1~1.5cm;
7)将步骤6)模压成型后的所述隔音材料进行冷却、切割及包装储运。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多层宽频吸声隔音材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤6)中热压温度为120~140℃,热压时间为35~90s。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的多层宽频吸声隔音材料的用途,其特征在于,所述隔音材料用于汽车内饰。
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