CN108801294B - Multi-optical-axis parallelism adjusting method for spatial rotation multi-optical-axis system - Google Patents
Multi-optical-axis parallelism adjusting method for spatial rotation multi-optical-axis system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical axis parallelism adjusting device and method capable of efficiently realizing a spatial rotation multi-optical-axis system. The device and the method utilize a visible light optical axis parallel to the mechanical rotating shaft for adjusting and adjusting to assist in adjusting and adjusting the laser optical axis, can avoid the blinding danger brought by the laser emitted by a high-power laser, and in the optical axis adjusting measure, the traditional method for installing the sensor of the trimming cushion is taken as a rough adjusting measure for adjusting the optical axis, and then the double-optical wedge adjusting measure is taken as a fine adjusting measure, thereby efficiently and accurately realizing the multi-optical axis parallelism adjusting of the space rotating multi-optical axis system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical machine adjustment, and particularly relates to a parallelism adjustment device and a parallelism adjustment method for realizing a spatial rotation multi-optical-axis system.
Background
Modern battlefields are precise in fighting enemies, and photoelectric systems play a very important role. Aiming, accurate guidance, photoelectric countermeasure and the like of the photoelectric system all require that the optical axis between the photoelectric sensors guarantees strict correction parallelism. In an optoelectronic system, the adjustment of the optical axis can be generally divided into two layers: the first layer is the debugging of the optical axis of each optical task sensor such as a visible light sighting telescope, a high-power invisible laser and the like relative to the self reference; in the second aspect, when a plurality of optical task sensors are integrated into the whole system, the optical axis of each optical task sensor in an ideal state can ensure parallelism, but due to factors such as machining errors, machining stress, installation and adjustment stress, the parallelism of the optical axis of each sensor in the whole system usually has errors, and the optical axis adjustment work of the whole system needs to be performed again. The optical axis adjustment and development research of the latter, namely the whole system, is mainly aimed at.
In the conventional common photoelectric system, the laser, the visible light sensor, the thermal infrared imager and other sensors do not move relatively, the optical axis adjustment and calibration work is relatively easy to perform, and the technology is relatively mature. The photoelectric system related to the invention comprises two sensors, namely the visible light sighting telescope and the high-power laser, and the optical axis of the visible light sighting telescope has a motion relation of rotating around the optical axis of the high-power laser when the system works, so that the photoelectric system related to the invention is called as a space rotating multi-optical-axis system. If the optical axis parallelism adjustment is carried out on the spatial rotation multi-optical-axis system based on the traditional measures such as cushion repair and the like, the workload and the working difficulty of the optical axis adjustment are huge, and the effective completion of the adjustment work can not be ensured. Therefore, the spatial rotation multi-optical axis system provides a new challenge for optical axis adjustment work, and a new multi-optical axis parallelism adjustment method needs to be established.
The space rotation multispectral multi-optical axis calibration technical study is published in the fourth phase 39 of 2009, laser and infrared, of the Chinese journal. The article proposes a parallelism adjusting method of spatially rotating multiple optical axes. Firstly, simulating a laser which is invisible and harmful to human eyes by a camera; secondly, designing and processing a special rotary reference adjusting base and a reference light source, detecting the errors of the optical axis of the camera and the visible optical axis at different spatial relative positions by rotating the base, and adjusting by adopting a double-optical-wedge method; and finally, the precision of the laser axis relative to the installation surface is ensured to be consistent with that of the camera by means of a transition tool, so that the laser axis and the visible light axis are ensured to be parallel at any azimuth.
However, this approach suffers from two major disadvantages: (1) the ideal state assumed in the method is difficult to be effectively ensured in engineering practice, or extremely complicated and costly measures are required to ensure the ideal state, for example, the rotation axis of the optical bench and the rotation axis of the working turntable are ensured to be parallel, and very small plane errors are ensured among the camera installation reference surface, the rotation optical bench installation surface and the laser installation reference surface, so that the adjustment effect is difficult to ensure. (2) In the method, the laser optical axis needs to be calibrated again as long as the optical axis of the camera changes, so the adjustment difficulty is high, and the repeated workload is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical axis parallelism adjusting device and method capable of efficiently realizing a spatial rotation multi-optical axis system, and aims to solve the problems of high difficulty in adjusting multi-optical axis parallelism of the spatial rotation multi-optical axis system, large adjusting workload, long adjusting period, low adjusting precision and the like. The device and the method utilize a visible light optical axis parallel to the mechanical rotating shaft for adjusting and adjusting to assist in adjusting and adjusting the laser optical axis, can avoid the blinding danger brought by the laser emitted by a high-power laser, and in the optical axis adjusting measure, the traditional method for installing the sensor of the trimming cushion is taken as a rough adjusting measure for adjusting the optical axis, and then the double-optical wedge adjusting measure is taken as a fine adjusting measure, thereby efficiently and accurately realizing the multi-optical axis parallelism adjusting of the space rotating multi-optical axis system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the multi-optical-axis parallelism adjusting device for the spatial rotation multi-optical-axis system is characterized in that: the device comprises a collimator, a Gaussian eyepiece, a light source, a placing table, an adjustable platform, a 45-degree tool reflector, a tool flat crystal, a paraboloid reflector, focal plane photosensitive target paper and a base;
the collimator is provided with three adjusting knob supports for providing parallel light with cross divisions; the Gaussian eyepiece is used for observing a self-alignment image; the light source provides uniform illumination for illuminating the cross division of the collimator; the placing table is used for erecting the collimator; the adjustable platform is used for placing the azimuth turntable and can adjust the spatial position; the 45-degree tool reflector is used for folding the incident light and the emergent light by 90 degrees; the tool flat crystal is used for self-aligning the optical axis of the collimator with the reference surface of the azimuth turntable; the parabolic reflector is a coaxial parabolic reflector; the focal plane photosensitive target paper is laser induction target paper placed at the focal plane of the parabolic reflector, point partitions are printed on the target paper, and a through hole is formed in the center of each point partition; the base is a belt wheel supporting frame capable of rotating in azimuth.
The method for adjusting the parallelism of multiple optical axes aiming at the spatial rotation multiple optical axis system by utilizing the device is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the parallelism of a visible light optical axis of the sighting telescope and a mechanical rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable:
a position rotary table is placed on an adjustable platform, a tooling plane crystal and a sighting telescope are placed on the same installation plane, a 45-degree tooling reflector is arranged right above the position rotary table, a collimator with a Gaussian eyepiece is placed on a placing table and arranged right in front of the 45-degree tooling reflector, and a light source illuminates a collimator cross reticle;
step 1.1: placing the image combination level meter on a rotating shaft (an installation plane) of an azimuth turntable, rotating the rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, and centering a bubble of the level meter by adjusting a knob on an adjustable platform to ensure that a mechanical rotation axis of the azimuth turntable is vertical to a ground horizontal plane;
step 1.2: rotating a rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, observing whether the moving circle center of a self-alignment image coincides with the center of the collimator cross reticle or not through a Gauss eyepiece when the self-alignment image of the collimator cross reticle which is reflected by a tool flat crystal and does circular motion appears on the collimator cross reticle, if not, adjusting three knobs of a collimator support seat until the moving circle center of the self-alignment image coincides with the center of the cross reticle, and at the moment, reflecting a collimator shaft by a 45-degree tool reflector and then paralleling the collimator shaft with a mechanical rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable;
step 1.3: the sighting telescope is swung left and right, and the light is emitted into the eyepiece of the sighting telescope through the collimator, the 45-degree tool reflector and the right-angle prism of the azimuth turntable by the aid of the through hole allowance of the sighting telescope until the cross division of the collimator can be observed by the eyepiece of the sighting telescope;
step 1.4: the double optical wedges at the objective side of the sighting telescope are shifted, and the point division on the sighting telescope eyepiece reticle is coincided with the cross division center of the collimator through sighting telescope eyepiece observation;
step 1.5: rotating a rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, observing and comparing errors of the division of the eyepiece points of the sighting telescope with the division center of the collimator at other azimuth angles through an eyepiece of the sighting telescope, and judging whether the errors are within a tolerance range; if the standard exceeds the standard, the double optical wedges at the objective lens of the sighting telescope are continuously shifted until the point division errors at all azimuth angles are within the tolerance range, and at the moment, the optical axis of the sighting telescope is vertically intersected with the mechanical rotating shaft of the rotary table;
step 2: determining the parallelism of the optical axis of the laser and the mechanical rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable:
an azimuth turntable is placed on a rotatable base, a 45-degree tooling reflector is mounted on a rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, a parabolic reflector is placed right in front of the 45-degree tooling reflector, and focal plane photosensitive target paper is positioned on a focal plane of the parabolic reflector;
step 2.1: observing through an eyepiece of the sighting telescope, and adjusting a knob of a base to ensure that a reflected image of a division central through hole of a focal plane photosensitive target paper point is coincided with the division of the eyepiece point of the sighting telescope;
step 2.2: triggering a laser, reflecting a laser spot onto the focal plane photosensitive target paper through a 45-degree tool reflector and a parabolic reflector, and comparing the division of the center of the laser spot and a point on the focal plane photosensitive target paper to determine whether the division is within a tolerance range;
if the tolerance range is exceeded, the double optical wedges in the laser are shifted until the center of the laser light spot falls within the division tolerance range of the focal plane photosensitive target paper point;
if the rotating shaft is within the tolerance range, the base supporting knob is loosened, the base is rotated, the azimuth turntable fixed shaft rotates along with the base, and the azimuth turntable rotating shaft is kept still; checking the parallelism of the laser optical axis and the visible light optical axis under other azimuth angles until the base rotates for a circle, the laser light spot centers are all in the division tolerance range of the focal plane photosensitive target paper points, and the laser optical axis is parallel to the azimuth turntable mechanical rotating shaft at the moment;
and step 3: the positions of the double optical wedges in the sighting telescope and the laser are fixed, and the parallelism adjustment of the multiple optical axes of the spatial rotation multiple optical axis system is completed.
Advantageous effects
The main advantages of the invention over the prior methods are: (1) the technical requirements to be ensured in the invention are easy to ensure in the engineering practice, so the adjustment precision is high and the realization is easy. (2) The adjusting method has low adjusting difficulty and less workload. Therefore, the multi-optical-axis parallelism adjusting method for the spatial rotation multi-optical-axis system has the characteristics of low cost, easiness in implementation, short period and high adjusting precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the alignment of the parallelism of the visible light axis of the sighting telescope and the mechanical rotation axis of the azimuth turntable
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the alignment of the parallelism of the optical axis of the laser and the mechanical rotation axis of the orientation rotary table
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an azimuth turntable
Detailed Description
The invention provides an optical axis parallelism adjusting device and method capable of efficiently realizing a spatial rotation multi-optical-axis system. The device and the method utilize a visible light optical axis parallel to the mechanical rotating shaft for adjusting and adjusting to assist in adjusting and adjusting the laser optical axis, can avoid the blinding danger brought by the laser emitted by a high-power laser, and in the optical axis adjusting measure, the traditional method for installing the sensor of the trimming cushion is taken as a rough adjusting measure for adjusting the optical axis, and then the double-optical wedge adjusting measure is taken as a fine adjusting measure, thereby efficiently and accurately realizing the multi-optical axis parallelism adjusting of the space rotating multi-optical axis system.
The multi-optical-axis parallelism adjusting device for the spatial rotation multi-optical-axis system in the embodiment comprises a collimator, a Gaussian eyepiece, a light source, a placing table, an adjustable platform, a 45-degree tool reflector, a tool flat crystal, a paraboloid reflector, focal plane photosensitive target paper and a base;
the collimator is provided with three adjusting knob supports for providing parallel light with cross divisions; the Gaussian eyepiece is used for observing a self-alignment image; the light source provides uniform illumination for illuminating the cross division of the collimator; the placing table is used for erecting the collimator; the adjustable platform is used for placing the azimuth turntable and can adjust the spatial position; the 45-degree tool reflector is used for folding the incident light and the emergent light by 90 degrees; the tool flat crystal is used for self-aligning the optical axis of the collimator with the reference surface of the azimuth turntable; the parabolic reflector is a coaxial parabolic reflector with the caliber of 400 mm; the focal plane photosensitive target paper is laser induction target paper placed at the focal plane of the parabolic reflector, point division is printed on the target paper, and a through hole with the diameter of 0.1mm is formed in the center of the point division; the base is a belt wheel supporting frame capable of rotating in azimuth.
The method for adjusting the parallelism of multiple optical axes aiming at the spatial rotation multiple optical axis system by utilizing the device is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and determining the parallelism of the visible light optical axis of the sighting telescope and the mechanical rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable. The instrument placement positions are as shown in the figure: the azimuth turntable is placed on an adjustable platform, the tooling plane crystal and the sighting telescope are placed on the same installation plane, the 45-degree tooling reflector is arranged right above the azimuth turntable, the collimator with the Gaussian eyepiece is placed on the placement platform and arranged right in front of the 45-degree tooling reflector, and the light source illuminates the collimator cross reticle.
Step 1.1, placing the image combination level meter on a rotating shaft of an azimuth turntable, rotating the rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, and centering a bubble of the level meter by adjusting a knob on an adjustable platform, namely, enabling a mechanical rotation axis of the azimuth turntable to be vertical to a ground horizontal plane;
step 1.2, rotating a rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, observing whether the moving circle center of a self-alignment image coincides with the center of the collimator cross reticle or not through a Gaussian eyepiece when the self-alignment image of the collimator cross reticle which is reflected by a tool flat crystal and does circular motion appears on the collimator cross reticle, and if the self-alignment image does not coincide with the center of the collimator cross reticle, adjusting three knobs of a collimator supporting seat until the moving circle center of the self-alignment image coincides with the center of the cross reticle, wherein at the moment, the optical axis of the collimator is parallel to the mechanical rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, and the three knobs are shown in the figure;
step 1.3, swinging the sighting telescope left and right, and enabling light rays to pass through a right-angle prism and a 45-degree tool reflector to be emitted into the collimator through the mounting of a through hole allowance of the sighting telescope until cross division of the collimator can be observed by an eyepiece of the sighting telescope;
step 1.4, poking a double-optical wedge at the objective of the sighting telescope, and observing that a point division on a division plate of the sighting telescope coincides with the cross division center of the collimator through an eyepiece of the sighting telescope;
and step 1.5, rotating the rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, and comparing the point division of the rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable with the division center of the collimator under other azimuth angles through an eyepiece of the sighting telescope, wherein the point division is not within a tolerance range of 0.15 mrad. If the standard exceeds the standard, the double optical wedges at the objective lens of the sighting telescope are continuously shifted until the point division of each azimuth angle is within the tolerance range, and the optical axis of the visible light is parallel to the mechanical rotating shaft of the rotary table.
Step 2: and determining the parallelism of the optical axis of the laser and the mechanical rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable. The instrument placement positions are as shown in the figure: the azimuth turntable is placed on the base, the 45-degree tooling reflector is mounted on the rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, the parabolic reflector is placed right in front of the 45-degree tooling reflector, and the focal plane photosensitive target paper and the center of the parabolic reflector are basically positioned on the same height plane.
Step 2.1: adjusting a base knob to adjust the division of the sighting telescope points and the reflection image of the central through hole of the division of the focal plane photosensitive target paper points observed by the parabolic reflector to be coincident;
step 2.2: triggering a laser, reflecting a laser spot onto the focal plane photosensitive target paper through a 45-degree tool reflector and a parabolic reflector, and comparing whether the division of the center of the laser spot and a point on the focal plane photosensitive target paper is within a 0.15mrad tolerance range or not;
if the tolerance range exceeds 0.15mrad, the double optical wedges in the laser are shifted until the center of the laser light spot falls within the partition tolerance range of the focal plane photosensitive target paper point;
if the rotating shaft is within the tolerance range, the base supporting knob is loosened, the base is rotated, the fixed shaft of the azimuth turntable rotates along with the base, and the rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable is kept still. And checking the parallelism of the laser optical axis and the visible light optical axis under other azimuth angles until the base rotates for a circle, the laser light spot centers all fall in the partition tolerance range of the focal plane photosensitive target paper points, and the laser optical axis is parallel to the azimuth turntable mechanical rotating shaft at the moment.
And step 3: the positions of double optical wedges in the sighting telescope and the laser are fixed, the multi-optical-axis parallelism adjustment of a space rotation multi-optical-axis system is completed, the optical axis deviation can reach within 0.15mrad, and the system requirement is met.
Claims (1)
1. A method for realizing multi-optical axis parallelism adjustment aiming at a space rotating multi-optical axis system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is realized by the following devices:
the device comprises a collimator, a Gaussian eyepiece, a light source, a placing table, an adjustable platform, a 45-degree tool reflector, a tool flat crystal, a paraboloid reflector, focal plane photosensitive target paper and a base;
the collimator tube is provided with an adjusting knob support and provides parallel light with cross divisions; the Gaussian eyepiece is used for observing a self-alignment image; the light source provides uniform illumination for illuminating the cross division of the collimator; the placing table is used for erecting the collimator; the adjustable platform is used for placing the azimuth turntable and can adjust the spatial position; the 45-degree tool reflector is used for folding the incident light and the emergent light by 90 degrees; the tool flat crystal is used for self-aligning the optical axis of the collimator with the reference surface of the azimuth turntable; the parabolic reflector is a coaxial parabolic reflector; the focal plane photosensitive target paper is laser induction target paper placed at the focal plane of the parabolic reflector, point partitions are printed on the target paper, and a through hole is formed in the center of each point partition; the base is a belt wheel supporting frame capable of rotating in azimuth;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the parallelism of a visible light optical axis of the sighting telescope and a mechanical rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable:
a position rotary table is placed on an adjustable platform, a tooling plane crystal and a sighting telescope are placed on the same installation plane, a 45-degree tooling reflector is arranged right above the position rotary table, a collimator with a Gaussian eyepiece is placed on a placing table and arranged right in front of the 45-degree tooling reflector, and a light source illuminates a collimator cross reticle;
step 1.1: the method comprises the following steps of placing a level on an installation plane of an azimuth turntable, rotating a rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, centering a bubble of the level by adjusting a knob on an adjustable platform, and enabling a mechanical rotation axis of the azimuth turntable to be vertical to a ground horizontal plane;
step 1.2: rotating a rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, observing whether the moving circle center of a self-alignment image coincides with the center of the collimator cross reticle or not through a Gaussian eyepiece when the self-alignment image of the collimator cross reticle which is reflected by a tool flat crystal and does circular motion appears on the collimator cross reticle, if not, adjusting a collimator support seat knob until the moving circle center of the self-alignment image coincides with the center of the collimator cross reticle, and at the moment, reflecting a collimator shaft by a 45-degree tool reflector and then paralleling the collimator shaft with a mechanical rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable;
step 1.3: the sighting telescope is swung left and right, the through hole allowance is installed through the sighting telescope, so that light rays are emitted into an eyepiece of the sighting telescope through the collimator, the 45-degree tool reflector and the right-angle prism on the installation plane of the azimuth turntable, and the cross division of the collimator can be observed through the eyepiece of the sighting telescope;
step 1.4: poking a double-optical wedge at the objective of the sighting telescope, and observing through an eyepiece of the sighting telescope to ensure that point divisions on an eyepiece reticle of the sighting telescope coincide with the centers of the collimator cross reticle;
step 1.5: rotating a rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, observing and comparing errors of eyepiece points of the sighting telescope divided at other azimuth angles and the center of the collimator cross reticle through an eyepiece of the sighting telescope, and judging whether the errors are within a tolerance range; if the standard exceeds the standard, the double optical wedges at the objective lens of the sighting telescope are continuously shifted until the errors of the point divisions at all azimuth angles and the center of the collimator cross reticle are within the tolerance range, and the optical axis of the sighting telescope is vertically intersected with the mechanical rotating shaft of the turntable;
step 2: determining the parallelism of the optical axis of the laser and the mechanical rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable:
an azimuth turntable is placed on a rotatable base, a 45-degree tooling reflector is mounted on a rotating shaft of the azimuth turntable, a parabolic reflector is placed right in front of the 45-degree tooling reflector, and focal plane photosensitive target paper is positioned on a focal plane of the parabolic reflector;
step 2.1: observing through an eyepiece of the sighting telescope, and adjusting a knob of a base to ensure that a reflected image of a division central through hole of a focal plane photosensitive target paper point is coincided with the division of the eyepiece point of the sighting telescope;
step 2.2: triggering a laser, reflecting a laser spot onto the focal plane photosensitive target paper through a 45-degree tool reflector and a parabolic reflector, and observing whether the center of the laser spot falls within a range of tolerance divided by points on the focal plane photosensitive target paper;
if the tolerance range is exceeded, the double optical wedges in the laser are shifted until the center of the laser light spot falls within the division tolerance range of the focal plane photosensitive target paper point;
if the rotating shaft is within the tolerance range, the base supporting knob is loosened, the base is rotated, the azimuth turntable fixed shaft rotates along with the base, and the azimuth turntable rotating shaft is kept still; checking the parallelism of the laser optical axis and the visible light optical axis under other azimuth angles until the base rotates for a circle, the laser light spot centers are all in the division tolerance range of the focal plane photosensitive target paper points, and the laser optical axis is parallel to the azimuth turntable mechanical rotating shaft at the moment;
and step 3: the positions of the double optical wedges in the sighting telescope and the laser are fixed, and the parallelism adjustment of the multiple optical axes of the spatial rotation multiple optical axis system is completed.
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| CN109613711B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-03-30 | 深圳航星光网空间技术有限公司 | Method and device for leading out optical axis of emergent light beam of optical antenna |
| CN111426449B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2022-07-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Method for calibrating parallelism of optical axes of multiple autocollimators |
| CN110865465A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-06 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Device and method for adjusting horizontal reference of plane mirror |
| CN110865466A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-06 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Device and method for calibrating levelness of plane mirror |
| CN112923797B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2023-01-13 | 西安应用光学研究所 | Small common-path directional infrared counterrotating turret based on reflector stabilization |
| CN114111447B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-04-28 | 中国人民解放军32286部队50分队 | Multi-path aiming axis parallelism adjusting device for rotary arm type platform |
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| SU1262322A1 (en) * | 1985-02-11 | 1986-10-07 | Ленинградский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Точной Механики И Оптики | Device for checking parallelism of multichannel device optical axes |
| CN202748472U (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2013-02-20 | 中国人民解放军济南军区72465部队 | Three-axis parallelism detection device of pulse laser range finder |
| CN103217776B (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2015-08-12 | 西安应用光学研究所 | The adjusting process that Dove prism reflecting surface axis is parallel with machinery rotation axle |
| CN104316293B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2017-01-11 | 西安应用光学研究所 | Device and method for determining parallelism of continuous zooming television optical axis |
| CN105629214B (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2017-11-28 | 北京航天计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of laser radar azimuth axis and light axis consistency method of adjustment |
| CN107830821B (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-02-26 | 北京国泰蓝盾科技有限公司 | More parallelism of optical axis measuring systems and method |
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