CN108782091A - Method for improving seed reproduction yield of asparagus bean in south China - Google Patents
Method for improving seed reproduction yield of asparagus bean in south China Download PDFInfo
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- CN108782091A CN108782091A CN201810297161.XA CN201810297161A CN108782091A CN 108782091 A CN108782091 A CN 108782091A CN 201810297161 A CN201810297161 A CN 201810297161A CN 108782091 A CN108782091 A CN 108782091A
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- 244000046095 Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000010580 Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000005072 Vigna sesquipedalis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000005755 Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000219977 Vigna Species 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000010726 Vigna sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UUTKICFRNVKFRG-WDSKDSINSA-N (4R)-3-[oxo-[(2S)-5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CSCN1C(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1 UUTKICFRNVKFRG-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N avermectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MYFXBBAEXORJNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium cyanamide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[N-]=C=[N-] MYFXBBAEXORJNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N deltamethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001232130 Maruca testulalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 14
- 235000019082 Osmanthus Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 241000333181 Osmanthus Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000021332 kidney beans Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001468872 Fumagospora capnodioides Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010048038 Wound infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025221 Humulus lupulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cowpea cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the seed reproduction yield of cowpeas in south China. A method for improving seed reproduction and yield of asparagus bean in south China comprises the following steps: (1) disinfecting soil; (2) reasonably final singling; (3) topping and pruning; (4) a base fertilizer and top dressing application method; (5) managing water; (6) pest control and (7) harvesting. The method for improving the seed reproduction yield of the asparagus bean in south China can greatly improve the seed yield for cowpea breeding production, shorten the seed collecting time for cowpea breeding production, increase the yield value and improve the income of farmers.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cowpea technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of side for improving South China's asparagus bean breeding yield
Method.
Background technology
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.) is adaptable and cultivation range is wide, is China's summer and autumn in spring main vegetable
One of colza class.In South China, the annual area for planting cowpea is up to more than 150,000 hm2, the annual requirement of excellent cowpea seed is
7000000 kg or so.The entire breeding time of cowpea is in the season of high temperature and rainy, and there are the growth early ageing of cowpea cissoid and fallen flowers to fall pod
Very serious, there is also serious pest and disease damage is occurred frequently.Cowpea breeds production kind and the cultivation technique difference of production fresh food is very big,
If leading to beanpod quantity very since beanpod collecting time needs to postpone by traditional cowpea mode of production breeding cowpea seed
Few, cowpea seed yield is very low.This becomes one of the main bottleneck for restricting the production sustainable development of South China asparagus bean.
Cowpea bear pods before based on restraining the growth of seedlings intertillage, control cauline leaf growth will cauline leaf life such as fertile soil overirrigation
Length is vigorous, and inflorescence number is reduced, and pods of blooming move up, and it is climing to form middle and lower part sky.After bearing pods, it need to often keep soil wet
Profit.
Once the nutrient growth early period excessive velocities that bear pods of blooming, in order to adjust nutrient growth and reproductive growth, can prune with
Nutrient consumption, advantageous ventilation and penetrating light are reduced, Accelerate bloom bears pods.
Cowpea topping cultivation technique is produced to the regular period, by various supplementary measures, by cowpea main stem in asparagus bean
Pinch and with lateral bine pumping yield positive results based on, increase the number that bears pods of regular period；This task is with being to provide for a kind of raising south China
Head of district's cowpea breeding production method of kind of yield, this method cost of investment is low, and operability is strong, does not have to the quality of cowpea seed
Have an impact, and than 15% or more traditional breeding method volume increase, increases the output value, improve farmers' income.
Therefore, it is very necessary with the method for kind of yield to explore a kind of suitable raising South China asparagus bean breeding production.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of raising South China asparagus bean breeding production kind of yield, it is intended to
The problems such as solving long current South China asparagus bean breeding production kind seed collecting time, low output.
Technical solution provided by the present invention is：
A method of South China's asparagus bean breeding yield is improved, is included the following steps：
(1) soil disinfection：After preceding stubble, field is cleared up in time, is ploughed deeply 1 time, is then carried out soil disinfection, by lime nitrogen
20kg/667m2+ quick lime 30kg/667m2Not completely decomposed organic fertilizer 500kg/667m2Uniform spreading in furrow face, with
Soil is sufficiently mixed, and is poured water, and makes the relative humidity of soil in 60-70%；Pad pasting covers 25-30 days；Open covering mulch 2-3 days
Afterwards, field is ploughed again and is harrowed carefully, ridging presses the wide 1.2m of furrow, the high 0.25-0.3m beddings of furrow after leveling, and furrow face wants smooth thin
Broken, pad pasting covers 2-3 days；
(2) reasonable final singling：Line-spacing is 70cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, and the plantation of duplicate rows double grains passes through thinning final singling, protects after emergence
Seedling density is 4000-4500 plants/667m2, per 667m2Sowing quantity 1-1.5kg；
(3) topping training：Take out it is climing before " people " cabinet frame in draws climing in time, training from asparagus bean main stem grow to the first inflorescence with
Upper 25-30cm periods at the top of the main stem at 3-4cm, are beaten at the top of removal main stem with tiny bamboo cane, while extracing the flower of main stem first
The small and weak the axillary bud more than side shoot and the first inflorescence of the following section of sequence given birth in each section；Side shoot stays 1-3 section to form flower
Pinching early, mixed bud then extract leaf bud after sequence；When main stem reaches 2-2.2m, main stem pinching is bound, and the side shoot between axil stays 1-3
Save pinching；
(4) base manure and top dressing method of administration：Using deep fertilizer spraying, impose Water soluble fertilizer, foliage top dressing three is combined method, tool
Body is to remove covering mulch after soil disinfection, and trench digging, ditch depth 20-25cm among furrow apply biological organic fertilizer per acre
100kg, calcium superphosphate 40kg, potassium sulfate 30kg are ploughed under in the soil layer of 20-25cm after the fertilizers are mixed by above-mentioned, and apply fertilizer rear cover
Soil makees base manure；Top dressing is carried out in the cowpea early flowering season, is first ditched from cowpea seedling base portion 20cm on furrow both sides, ditch depth 10cm, mu applies phosphorus
Sour diammonium 20kg, ternary compound fertilizer 30kg, blinding after fertilising make top dressing；2-3 days after pinching for the first time, cooperation foliage-spray love
Receive 6000 times 2-3 times；It blooms the peak period that bears pods when side shoot enters, every 7 days foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates, sprays 3-4 times altogether, together
When apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) by imposing soil available nitrogen adjusted to 160-200mg/kg；
(5) water management：Seedling stage answers suitable control moisture；If florescence, soil and air were excessively arid at this time, facing out
Watering 1 time, makes the relative humidity 50% of field soil, phase beginning of blooming does not water before spending；The relative humidity of fruiting period field soil
Keep 70-85%；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Beanpod is alternately prevented with 1000 times of liquid of 20% decis, 500 times of liquid or 1.8% avermectin
Snout moth's larva terminates substantially from initial bloom stage to the florescence, is sprayed 1 time every 6-7d；
(7) it harvests：It blooms after 35-40d, when kind of pod turns yellow and is bent not brittle failure, should harvest by stages in time.
Preferably, the operation of topping training is carried out in fine day in step (3).
Preferably, N in ternary compound fertilizer described in step (4):P:K is 15:15:15.
Preferably, the mass percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3% in step (4).
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：
The method optimum period appropriateness topping of the raising South China asparagus bean breeding yield of the present invention can just be conducive to crop and beat
Luminous energy resource is made full use of behind top, coordinates the contradiction of crop nutrient growth and reproductive growth, is achieved the purpose that improve yield, be beaten
Top processing can pole significantly improve cowpea breeding production kind of yield, and shorten the cowpea breeding production kind seed collecting time,
Increase the output value, improves farmers' income, but it then influences less the cowpea of breeding production disease resistance.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to concrete example, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1：
A method of South China's asparagus bean breeding yield is improved, is included the following steps：
(1) plot selects：Seed production field should select arable land soil layer deep, and organic matter is abundant, well-drained loam or
Sandy loam, and preceding stubble is not preferably the plot of legume；Seed produces Tian Yingyu other bean varieties isolation 200m or more；It is different
10m or more is isolated between kind；
(2) soil disinfection：After preceding stubble, field is cleared up in time, is ploughed deeply 1 time, is then carried out soil disinfection, by lime nitrogen
20kg/667m2Add quick lime 30kg/667m2Not completely decomposed organic fertilizer 500kg/667m2Uniform spreading in furrow face, with
Soil is sufficiently mixed, and is poured water, and makes the relative humidity of soil in 60-70%, pad pasting covers 25-30 days；Open covering mulch 2-3 days
Afterwards, field is ploughed again and is harrowed carefully, ridging presses the wide 1.2m of furrow, the high 0.25-0.3m beddings of furrow after leveling, and furrow face wants smooth thin
Broken, pad pasting covers 2-3 days；
(3) it sows：Selection meet numerous variety characteristic original seed；It sows in spring in early March to 4 the first tenday period of a month；Autumn sowing
In early August to early September；With 55 DEG C or so of water seed soaking 15min, changes clear water and continue the 5-6h that soaks seed, dripped after rinsing well
Solid carbon dioxide waits broadcasting in container with wet cloth lid kind；It is dressed seed with the carbendazim powder of seed weight 0.3% when sowing；
Type of seeding：Using live streaming, line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, the plantation of duplicate rows double grains is fixed by thinning after emergence
Seedling, density of keeping a full stand of seedings are 4000-4500 plants/667m2；Application rate：Per 667m2Sowing quantity is 1-1.5kg；
(4) base manure and top dressing method of administration：Using deep fertilizer spraying, impose Water soluble fertilizer, foliage top dressing three is combined method, tool
Body is trench digging, ditch depth 20-25cm among furrow, per 667m2Using biological organic fertilizer 100kg, calcium superphosphate 40kg, potassium sulfate
30kg is ploughed under in the soil layer of 20-25cm after the fertilizers are mixed by above-mentioned, and blinding after fertilising makees base manure；Top dressing is in the cowpea early flowering season
It carries out, first ditches from cowpea seedling base portion 20cm on furrow both sides, ditch depth 10cm, per 667m2Apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, ternary compound fertilizer
30kg, blinding after fertilising, makees top dressing；2-3 days after pinching for the first time, the Idall of cooperation foliage-spray suitable concentration receives 6000 times
(i.e. 10mL Idall receipts are watered 60kg) 2-3 times；It blooms the peak period that bears pods when side shoot enters, every 7 days foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates
(mass percent 0.3%) is sprayed 3-4 times altogether, while applying Diammonium phosphate (DAP) by imposing soil available nitrogen is adjusted to 160-
200mg/kg；
(5) water management：Seedling stage answers suitable control moisture；If florescence, soil and air were excessively arid at this time, can face
1 water, the relative humidity 50% of field soil are poured before blooming；Phase beginning of blooming does not water；Fruiting period fruiting period, will keep sufficient water
The relative humidity of part field soil is maintained at 70-85%；
(6) field plant management
Rupture of membranes draws seedling：After planting 7-10d (day) can neat seedling, during which should be specifically noted that rupture of membranes draws seedling.Rupture of membranes draws seedling and is operated in
Early, evening carries out, and fine earth is used in combination to obturage seedling outlet.Seedling is looked into fill the gaps with seedlings:Seedling stage carries out looking into seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning, and 2-3 plants of stalwartnesses are stayed per cave
Seedling.Built draws climing：Take out it is climing before take " people " cabinet frame draws climing in time；
Field cleans：Removal of impurities divides the fourth phase to carry out.Seedling stage conscientiously checks seed farm since seedling stage, rejects over growth, mistake
Weak, sick seedling and grow inconsistent plant initial bloom stage with public young plant, selection removes not meeting for scape leaf and kind typical case's character
Plant.The green bean phase, selection is except hulling type, pod color.Kind of pod maturity period, fruiting period bear pods after conscientiously check the color and luster and shape of pod,
Keep color and luster and the shape of tied green bean almost the same；
Topping method：When asparagus bean main stem grows to the above 25-30cm of the first inflorescence or so period, the 3- at the top of main stem
It at 4cm, is beaten at the top of removal main stem with tiny bamboo cane, while extracing the side shoot and the first flower of the following section of the first inflorescence of main stem
The small and weak axillary bud more than sequence given birth in each section；Side shoot stays 1-3 section to form pinching early after inflorescence, and mixed bud then extracts leaf
Bud；When main stem reaches 2-2.2m, main stem pinching is bound, and the side shoot between axil stays 1-3 to save pinching.All above operations should be in fine day
It carries out, in case wound infection is fallen ill；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Beanpod is alternately prevented with 1000 times of liquid of 20% decis, 500 times of liquid or 1.8% avermectin
Snout moth's larva terminates substantially from initial bloom stage to the florescence, is sprayed 1 time every 6-7d (day)；
(8) it harvests, store：Post flowering 35-40d should just be harvested by stages in time when kind of pod turns yellow and is bent not brittle failure；
(9) seed drying：The threshing after after-ripening 7d, should dry or mechanical drying in time after threshing, dry to water content
11% hereinafter, having to choose the disability grain that bean-pod borer ate into when seed dries, then screening is clean, you can storage is received
It deposits.
Embodiment 2：The influence that cowpea is bred is studied in topping training
1 materials and methods
1.1 test material
Cowpea variety：Osmanthus cowpea 1, osmanthus agriculture fresh kidney beans
1.2 test method
Experiment uses RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, if 4 processing, i.e. A：No. 1 topping of osmanthus cowpea；B：No. 1 (CK that do not pinch of osmanthus cowpea1)；
C：Agriculture fresh kidney beans in osmanthus are pinched；D：Osmanthus agriculture fresh kidney beans are not pinched (CK2), each processing sets 3 repetitions.It is tested in spring in 2012 and 2012
Autumn in year carries out open country progress in Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences vegetables institute vegetables Nanning City scientific base.March 10 spring is sowed, autumn 8
The moon 5 was sowed, and a cell, plot area 12m are individually broadcast per kind2(long 10m, width 1.2m), point 2 rows plantation, live streaming line-spacing are
70cm, hill spacing 35cm stay 2 plants per cave, RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN is taken in experiment, if 3 weights per 3~5, cave depth 3.3cm, cave
It is multiple.Using deep fertilizer spraying, impose Water soluble fertilizer, foliage top dressing three is combined method, specifically among furrow trench digging, ditch depth 20-
25cm, per 667m2 apply biological organic fertilizer 100kg, calcium superphosphate 40kg, potassium sulfate 30kg, by it is above-mentioned after the fertilizers are mixed, plough under
In the soil layer of 20-25cm, blinding after fertilising makees base manure；Top dressing is in the cowpea early flowering season, first on furrow both sides from cowpea seedling base portion 20cm
Trench digging, ditch depth 10cm, per 667m2Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20kg, ternary compound fertilizer 30kg are applied, blinding after fertilising makees top dressing；It beats for the first time
2-3 days behind top, the Idall of cooperation foliage-spray suitable concentration receives [6000 times (10 milliliters of Idall receipts are watered 60 kilograms)] 2-3 times；
It blooms the peak period that bears pods when side shoot enters, every 7 days foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates (0.3%), sprays 3~4 times altogether, while by chasing after
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is applied to adjust into 160-200mg/kg soil available nitrogen.Spring sowing harvest time is June 18 to July 25
Day；Autumn sowing harvest time is October 20 to November 25.Topping sow in spring except the bud time is to open April 18；When autumn sowing topping is except bud
Between open within 5th for September.
2.1 toppings breed influence of the production with kind of yield and the output value to cowpea
The topping of table 1 removes influence of the bud to cowpea breeding yield, the output value
As shown in table 1,2 kinds are apparently higher than the B and C of not topping treatment by A the and C seed productions of topping treatment,
Because optimum period, moderately topping had certain mediating effect+6 to cowpea growth and development and yield, filled after capable of being just conducive to crop topping
Divide and utilize Luminous energy resource, coordinate the contradiction of crop nutrient growth and reproductive growth, achievees the purpose that improve seed production.Experiment
Illustrate topping treatment can pole significantly improve the yield of cowpea breeding seed, and shorten cowpea breeding production plant seed collecting when
Between.After topping treatment, cowpea No. 1 seed output value amplification in osmanthus is up to 1410 yuan/667m2, the osmanthus agriculture fresh kidney beans seed output value increase up to 1093 yuan/
667m2。
2.2 topping trainings grow cowpea the influence of disease resistance
Spring and autumn in 2012 carries out cowpea breeding field resistance in Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Vegetable Research Institute proving ground
Investigation.
The topping of table 2 is except bud is to cowpea breeding field resistance investigation result
As shown in table 2, spring in 2012, A processing rust, powdery mildew, sooty mould disease index be respectively 5.33,
5.12,5.14, it is little to compare B processing (5.31,5.12,5.12) difference；Autumn in 2012, it is mould that A handles rust, powdery mildew, coal
The disease index of disease is respectively 5.90,5.35,5.42, and it is little to compare B processing (5.90,5.34,5.40) difference；Autumn in 2012
Season, C handle rust, powdery mildew, sooty mould disease index be respectively 5.64,5.50,5.43, compare D processing (5.62,5.48,
5.43) difference is little.Therefore between same breed, the disease index of topping and not topping treatment shows as the slightly higher of topping treatment, but
Difference is little, this may be due to topping treatment make part germ through wound infection plant caused by, it is also possible at topping
The cross growth gesture enhancing of cowpea, causes interlobate ventilation and penetrating light to reduce after reason, to improve the incidence of disease, because
And density of keeping a full stand of seedings be not easy it is excessive, in 4000-4500 plants/667m2It is advisable.
3 brief summaries and discussion
This experimental study shows that, in South China, for cowpea under the conditions of high temperature and humidity, growth period is very short.Traditional
The cowpea seed mode of production causes beanpod quantity seldom since beanpod collecting time needs to postpone, and cowpea seed yield is very low；
Optimum period, moderately makes full use of Luminous energy resource after topping can just be conducive to crop topping, coordinates crop nutrient growth and reproductive growth
Contradiction, achieve the purpose that improve yield, topping treatment can pole significantly improve cowpea breeding production and plant yield, and shorten
Cowpea breeding production increases the output value with kind collecting seed a time, improves farmers' income, but its to the cowpea production disease resistance of breeding then
It influences little.
The description of the aforementioned specific exemplary embodiment to the present invention is in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These descriptions
It is not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can much be changed
And variation.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explaining the specific principle of the present invention and its actually answering
With so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize the present invention a variety of different exemplary implementation schemes and
Various chooses and changes.The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and its equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method improving South China's asparagus bean breeding yield, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) soil disinfection：After preceding stubble, field is cleared up in time, is ploughed deeply 1 time, by lime nitrogen 20kg/667m2+ quick lime 30kg/
667m2Not completely decomposed organic fertilizer 500kg/667m2Uniform spreading is sufficiently mixed with soil, pours water, make soil in furrow face
The relative humidity of earth is in 60-70%；Pad pasting covers 25-30 days；Covering mulch is opened after 2-3 days, field is ploughed and harrowed again
Carefully, ridging presses the wide 1.2m of furrow, the high 0.25-0.3m beddings of furrow after leveling, and furrow face wants smooth fine crushing, and pad pasting covers 2-3 days；
(2) reasonable final singling：Line-spacing is 70cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, and the plantation of duplicate rows double grains by thinning final singling after emergence, is kept a full stand of seedings close
Degree is 4000-4500 plants/667m2, per 667m2Sowing quantity 1-1.5kg；
(3) topping training：" people " cabinet frame in climing preceding draws climing in time is taken out, training grows to the first inflorescence or more from asparagus bean main stem
25-30cm periods at the top of the main stem at 3-4cm, are beaten with tiny bamboo cane at the top of removal main stem, while extracing the first inflorescence of main stem
The small and weak the axillary bud more than side shoot of following section and the first inflorescence given birth in each section；Side shoot stays 1-3 section to form inflorescence
Pinching early, mixed bud then extract leaf bud afterwards；When main stem reaches 2-2.2m, main stem pinching is bound, and the side shoot between axil stays 1-3 to save
Pinching；
(4) base manure and top dressing method of administration：Using deep fertilizer spraying, impose Water soluble fertilizer, foliage top dressing three is combined method, specifically
After soil disinfection, covering mulch is removed, trench digging, ditch depth 20-25cm among furrow apply biological organic fertilizer 100kg, mistake per acre
Calcium phosphate 40kg, potassium sulfate 30kg are ploughed under in the soil layer of 20-25cm after the fertilizers are mixed by above-mentioned, and blinding after fertilising makees base manure；
Top dressing is carried out in the cowpea early flowering season, is first ditched from cowpea seedling base portion 20cm on furrow both sides, ditch depth 10cm, mu applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
20kg, ternary compound fertilizer 30kg, blinding after fertilising make top dressing；2-3 days after pinching for the first time, cooperation foliage-spray Idall is received
6000 times 2-3 times；When side shoot enters the peak period that bears pods of blooming, every 7 days foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphates, spray 3-4 times altogether was led to simultaneously
It crosses to impose and applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) soil available nitrogen adjusting to 160-200mg/kg；
(5) water management：Seedling stage answers suitable control moisture；If florescence, soil and air were excessively arid at this time, before facing and blooming
Watering 1 time, makes the relative humidity 50% of field soil, phase beginning of blooming does not water；The relative humidity of fruiting period field soil is kept
70-85%；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Bean-pod borer is alternately prevented with 1000 times of liquid of 20% decis, 500 times of liquid or 1.8% avermectin, from
Initial bloom stage terminates substantially to the florescence, is sprayed 1 time every 6-7d；
(7) it harvests：It blooms after 35-40d, when kind of pod turns yellow and is bent not brittle failure, should harvest by stages in time.
2. the method according to claim 1 for improving South China's asparagus bean breeding yield, which is characterized in that step (3)
The operation of middle topping training is carried out in fine day.
3. the method according to claim 1 for improving South China's asparagus bean breeding yield, which is characterized in that step (4)
Described in ternary compound fertilizer in N:P:K is 15:15:15.
4. the method according to claim 1 for improving South China's asparagus bean breeding yield, which is characterized in that step (4)
The mass percent of middle potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3%.
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