CN108731792B - Method for judging train passing and vibration detection device - Google Patents
Method for judging train passing and vibration detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108731792B CN108731792B CN201810309125.0A CN201810309125A CN108731792B CN 108731792 B CN108731792 B CN 108731792B CN 201810309125 A CN201810309125 A CN 201810309125A CN 108731792 B CN108731792 B CN 108731792B
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for judging train passing and a vibration detection device, and provides a method for judging train passing by detecting the vibration of a mechanical part connected with a track or the ground near the track. When a train runs on the track, the vibration of mechanical parts connected with the track and the ground nearby the track is caused, a vibration detection device is fixedly arranged on the mechanical parts or the ground nearby the track, the vibration data are acquired by the detection device through an acceleration sensor, then a speed effective value is calculated through the algorithm provided by the invention, and when the speed effective value is larger than a preset threshold value, the current train passing is judged. The vibration detection device realizes the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for judging train passing and a vibration detection device.
Background
Currently, it is common to determine whether a train passes through a train by using vibration near the railway. The current method generally judges the passing of the vehicle by the acceleration, and utilizes an acceleration sensor arranged in a mechanical part connected with a track to detect the acceleration generated by vibration, and then judges whether the vehicle passes by judging the magnitude of the acceleration, namely the magnitude of the vibration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for judging train passing and a vibration detection device, aiming at the defects that the conventional method for judging train passing is easy to have misjudgment, missed judgment and can not eliminate adjacent track passing interference, the control parameter is single, and the repeated debugging can not achieve the ideal effect, so that the practical application is difficult.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for judging whether a train passes by is characterized in that an acceleration sensor is fixedly arranged on a mechanical part connected with a track or on the ground beside the track, and the acceleration sensor acquires an acceleration value caused by vibration and then calculates a speed effective value to judge whether the train passes by currently, and comprises the following steps:
v1＝v0+a1Δt
v2＝v1+a2Δt
vn＝vn-1+anΔt；
in the formula: a is1、a2…anAcceleration detected at Δ t time, 2 Δ t time … (n-1), Δ t time, and n Δ t time, respectively; v. of0Is a static velocity, v1、v2、…vn-1、vnCalculated velocities at times Δ t, 2 Δ t, … (n-1), Δ t, and n Δ t, respectively;
and 3, calculating the effective value of the speed at each moment according to the following formula:
wherein T is the time for continuously acquiring the output of the acceleration sensor;
and 4, comparing the speed with a preset vehicle passing threshold value, and if the speed effective value of one shaft exceeds the threshold value, determining that the vehicle passes.
The invention provides a very reliable method for judging train passing.
Further, in the method for determining train passing,: before the step 1, a step of setting a static reference value of the acceleration sensor is also included; the step of setting the static reference value of the acceleration sensor comprises the following steps:
continuously collecting acceleration data of a period of time T, judging whether the equipment is in a static state or not through calculation, if the equipment is in the static state, taking the average value of the respective accelerations of the three shafts in the period of time as a static reference value, and if the equipment is not in the static state, re-collecting and judging until the equipment is judged to be in the static state.
Further, in the method for determining train passing,: the static state is judged according to the following modes:
continuously acquiring acceleration data for a period of time T, calculating the average acceleration of each axis, then calculating the standard deviation of each axis of the acceleration data, judging that the current state is a static state if the standard deviation is less than a preset threshold value, and otherwise, judging that the current state is a non-static state and needing to be acquired, calculated and judged again.
The invention also provides a vibration detection device, which comprises an acceleration sensor fixedly arranged on a mechanical part connected with the track or on the ground beside the track; also comprises
A sampling device for sampling the acceleration of each output shaft of the acceleration sensor at an interval Δ t;
first computing means for computing the speed of each axis in the following manner:
v1＝v0+a1Δt
v2＝v1+a2Δt
vn＝vn-1+anΔt；
in the formula: a is1、a2…anAcceleration detected at Δ t time, 2 Δ t time … (n-1), Δ t time, and n Δ t time, respectively; v. of0Is a static velocity, v1、v2、…vn-1、vnCalculated velocities at times Δ t, 2 Δ t, … (n-1), Δ t, and n Δ t, respectively;
second calculating means for calculating an effective value of the velocity at each time according to the following formula:
wherein T is the time for continuously acquiring the output of the acceleration sensor;
and the judging device is compared with a preset vehicle passing threshold value, and if the effective speed value of one shaft exceeds the threshold value, the vehicle is considered to pass.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration detection apparatus in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a Z-axis acceleration curve acquired in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a velocity rms curve according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 and 5 are application scenarios of the vibration detection apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment provides a better calculation method for judging whether the vehicle passes through; the method comprises the steps of automatically calculating an acceleration reference value of a track in a static state, calculating an effective reference value of speed by using the acquired acceleration data and the static reference value, and converting the effective reference value into an effective speed value, wherein the effective speed value can accurately and effectively express vibration energy of a mechanical system and better accord with the visual feeling of people; the method for automatically calculating the static reference value of the track can adapt to different installation requirements, and improves the installation convenience and the installation efficiency of the vibration detection equipment; the method also provides that a plurality of parameters can be flexibly debugged to adapt to different working condition requirements.
As shown in fig. 1, the vibration detecting apparatus of the present embodiment is configured such that an acceleration sensor is fixedly mounted on a ground beside a track or a mechanical component connected to the track, and then an output value of three axes (X, Y, Z) output from the acceleration sensor is processed to obtain whether a train passes through the track. The vibration detection device may be installed in the switch machine 3, and the vibration of the track 1 may be detected by bringing the mechanical structure of the switch machine into contact with the track 1.
In this embodiment, the method for determining train passing includes:
the static reference value of the acceleration sensor is preset, and the method is realized according to the following steps:
in this embodiment, the mounting position and mounting posture of the acceleration sensor in the vibration detection apparatus may be different, and then the static reference values (xRefVal, yreval, zRefVal) of the acceleration of each axis of the acceleration sensor are different; in order to meet various installation requirements, a static reference value needs to be set.
Manner of setting the static reference value: after the vibration detection device is started every time, continuously acquiring acceleration data for a period of time T, judging whether the equipment is in a static state or not through calculation, if the equipment is in the static state, taking the average value of the respective accelerations of the three shafts in the period of time as a static reference value, and if the equipment is not in the static state, acquiring and judging again until the equipment is judged to be in the static state. The period of time is called as static value acquisition time and can be flexibly set through an upper computer. Where the average is an arithmetic mean, e.g. the acceleration point on the X-axis taken over time T is a1,a2,a3...anAverage value of
In the meantime, the stationary state determination method of the acceleration sensor is as follows:
after the vibration detection device is started up each time, acceleration data of a period of time T are continuously collected, the average acceleration of each axis is calculated, then the standard deviation of each axis of the acceleration data is calculated, if the standard deviation is smaller than a preset threshold value, the current state is judged to be a static state, and if the standard deviation is not in the static state, the collection calculation and the judgment are needed again. The standard deviation is calculated here in the following way:
first, the average value a is calculatedavg,
In the present embodiment, the reason why the sensor static reference value is acquired needs to be added:
because the adopted acceleration sensor can sense the gravity acceleration, even if the sensor does not generate vibration, the gravity acceleration of G can be output; therefore, in order to detect the actual vibration acceleration value, the gravitational acceleration needs to be eliminated, the position and the posture of the acceleration sensor are unknown during the actual installation, the acceleration sensor is not necessarily horizontally and fixedly arranged, and the position and the posture of the vibration detection device may be slightly changed after long-term vibration, so that the acceleration reference value of each axis of the acceleration sensor needs to be acquired again when the device is powered on or operated for a period of time.
Representation of passing vehicle vibration
In mechanical systems, the physical quantities characterizing the vibration of the system are acceleration, velocity and displacement. In many vibration test systems, because of the limitation of environment and sensor installation conditions, displacement and speed cannot be measured, at this time, speed needs to be obtained by integrating acceleration signals, the speed is an ideal parameter reflecting an effective value of the speed, and the energy of vibration is represented; therefore, many international vibration diagnosis standards adopt the effective velocity value as the discrimination parameter.
According to the relation between the acceleration and the speed:
v＝v0+at
the velocity of each sample point for the three axes is calculated:
v1＝v0+a1Δt
v2＝v1+a2Δt
vn＝vn-1+anΔt
the speed effective value calculation method may refer to a current effective value: the effective value of the current I is defined by the thermal effect, which is equal to the current corresponding to the same amount of heat generated by a direct current in the same time.
The effective velocity value V of each axis is calculated with reference to the formula:
final determination of vehicle passing
The vibration detection device collects acceleration data in real time, calculates the effective speed value of each shaft in the period of time, compares the effective speed value with a preset vehicle passing threshold value, and determines that the vehicle passes if the effective speed value of one shaft exceeds the threshold value.
Collecting a vibration curve for a vibration detection device, wherein fig. 2 is an acceleration curve, and fig. 3 is a speed effective value curve; the effective value of the visible speed is mostly concentrated between 30-40 mm/s, if the effective value of the adjacent line track passing vehicle interference speed of the turnout is 15mm/s, the vehicle passing threshold value can be set to be about 20mm/s, so that the interference of the adjacent line track passing vehicle can be avoided, and the adjacent line track passing vehicle can be normally detected.
Claims (4)
1. A method for judging train passing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of fixedly mounting an acceleration sensor on the ground beside a track or an object tightly connected with the ground, and calculating a speed effective value to judge whether a train passes through the current track or not after the acceleration sensor collects an acceleration value caused by vibration, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, detecting vibration on the ground or an object tightly connected with the ground in real time by using an acceleration sensor, and sampling the acceleration of each output shaft of the acceleration sensor at intervals delta t;
step 2, calculating the speed of each shaft according to the following modes:
v1＝v0+a1Δt
v2＝v1+a2Δt
.
.
vn＝vn-1+anΔt；
in the formula: a is1、a2…anAcceleration detected at Δ t time, 2 Δ t time … (n-1), Δ t time, and n Δ t time, respectively; v. of0Is a static velocity, v1、v2、…vn-1、vnCalculated velocities at time Δ t, time 2 Δ t … (n-1), time Δ t, and time n Δ t, respectively;
and 3, calculating the effective value of the speed at each moment according to the following formula:
wherein T is the time for continuously acquiring the output of the acceleration sensor;
and 4, comparing the effective value of the speed at each moment calculated in the step 3 with a preset vehicle passing threshold value, and if the effective value of the speed of one shaft exceeds the threshold value, determining that the vehicle passes.
2. The method for judging the passing of the train according to claim 1, wherein: before the step 1, a step of setting a static reference value of the acceleration sensor is also included; the step of setting the static reference value of the acceleration sensor comprises the following steps:
continuously collecting acceleration data of a period of time T, judging whether the equipment is in a static state or not through calculation, if the equipment is in the static state, taking the average value of the respective accelerations of the three shafts in the period of time as a static reference value, and if the equipment is not in the static state, re-collecting and judging until the equipment is judged to be in the static state.
3. The method for judging the passing of the train according to claim 2, wherein: the static state is judged according to the following modes:
continuously acquiring acceleration data for a period of time T, calculating the average acceleration of each axis, then calculating the standard deviation of each axis of the acceleration data, judging that the current state is a static state if the standard deviation is less than a preset threshold value, and otherwise, judging that the current state is a non-static state and needing to be acquired, calculated and judged again.
4. A vibration detecting apparatus characterized by: the system comprises an acceleration sensor fixedly arranged on the ground beside a track or an object tightly connected with the ground; also comprises
A sampling device for sampling the acceleration of each output shaft of the acceleration sensor at an interval Δ t;
first computing means for computing the speed of each axis in the following manner:
v1＝v0+a1Δt
v2＝v1+a2Δt
.
.
vn＝vn-1+anΔt；
in the formula: a is1、a2…anAcceleration detected at Δ t time, 2 Δ t time … (n-1), Δ t time, and n Δ t time, respectively; v. of0Is a static velocity, v1、v2、…vn-1、vnCalculated velocities at time Δ t, time 2 Δ t … (n-1), time Δ t, and time n Δ t, respectively;
second calculating means for calculating an effective value of the velocity at each time according to the following formula:
wherein T is the time for continuously acquiring the output of the acceleration sensor;
and the judging device compares the effective value of the speed at each moment calculated by the second calculating device with a preset vehicle passing threshold value, and determines that the vehicle passes if the effective value of the speed of one shaft exceeds the threshold value.
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| CN101439726A (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-05-27 | 保定市天河电子技术有限公司 | Method for detecting train passage situation and system thereof |
| CN102343922A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2012-02-08 | 清华大学 | On-line monitoring system for vibration characteristics of rapid railway turnout based on wireless sensor network |
| CN203838879U (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-09-17 | 浙江天地人科技有限公司 | Traffic flow detection apparatus |
| JP2015102329A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-06-04 | 東日本旅客鉄道株式会社 | Train information inferring method, and soundness evaluating method for bridges |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101439726A (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-05-27 | 保定市天河电子技术有限公司 | Method for detecting train passage situation and system thereof |
| CN102343922A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2012-02-08 | 清华大学 | On-line monitoring system for vibration characteristics of rapid railway turnout based on wireless sensor network |
| JP2015102329A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-06-04 | 東日本旅客鉄道株式会社 | Train information inferring method, and soundness evaluating method for bridges |
| CN203838879U (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-09-17 | 浙江天地人科技有限公司 | Traffic flow detection apparatus |
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