CN108711651A - A kind of resource utilization of old and useless battery utilizes technique and system - Google Patents
A kind of resource utilization of old and useless battery utilizes technique and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108711651A CN108711651A CN201810501687.5A CN201810501687A CN108711651A CN 108711651 A CN108711651 A CN 108711651A CN 201810501687 A CN201810501687 A CN 201810501687A CN 108711651 A CN108711651 A CN 108711651A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese zinc Chemical compound [Mn].[Zn] WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of resource utilization of old and useless battery and utilizes technique, includes the following steps：It carries out any one of the lithium battery electric core waste material handled by waste lithium cell battery core, the positive/negative plate waste material handled by waste and old positive/negative plate or scrap dry battery to be crushed and wash vibrosieve several times, obtain the oversize-slurry of pole piece metal mixture and screenings-containing positive and negative anodes active material, screenings progress press filtration is obtained into wet-milling, it is sorted after oversize is dried, obtains metal recovery material.Technical solution using the present invention can at least realize waste lithium cell, recycle pole piece or scrap efficiently separating for metal and positive and negative anodes active material in pole piece and dry cell, relative to existing battery recycling treatment technology, the cost recovery of enterprise can be significantly decreased, and improves organic efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power battery recycling treatment, in particular to a resource recycling process of waste batteries and a corresponding equipment system.
Background
The waste batteries contain a large amount of heavy metals, waste acid, waste alkali and other electrolyte solutions, and if the waste batteries are discarded at will, the waste batteries can cause serious damage to the land, water sources and the like. The recycling of the waste batteries can prevent pollution on one hand and recycle useful components in the waste batteries on the other hand, thereby saving resources.
The waste batteries are various in types, such as lithium ion batteries, dry batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and the like, and different types of batteries have different internal structures and different materials for forming the batteries, for example, the lithium ion batteries generally comprise a shell, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and an organic electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode material comprises a positive electrode metal sheet and an active substance attached to the positive electrode metal sheet, and the active substance is generally lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate or nickel cobalt lithium manganate; the negative electrode material includes a negative electrode metal sheet and a negative electrode active material, which is generally graphite or carbon having a nearly graphite structure, attached to the negative electrode metal sheet. Dry cells generally include a housing material, a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode material is manganese, graphite rod, or the like. The negative electrode material is a zinc sheet and the like. For different types of waste batteries, the waste batteries are generally recycled by firstly classifying and collecting and then classifying and processing.
Chinese patent CN201310001960.5 discloses a method for comprehensively recycling valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out discharge air drying and crushing on the waste lithium ion batteries, and then obtaining an electric core containing a metal shell through gravity separation. Carrying out crushing magnetic separation and sorting on the electric core to obtain steel shell fragments, and screening the crushed powder of the rest electric cores to obtain oversize materials: metal chips, plastic, membranes and undersize: positive and negative electrode materials, current collectors, and the like. Reselecting oversize materials to recover diaphragm materials, then carrying out vortex separation to recover copper and aluminum, cleaning undersize materials, then screening, collecting a part of aluminum again, leaching the undersize materials by adopting sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide and selectively adsorbing to separate graphite raw materials and lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese.
Chinese patent CN201110357507.9 discloses a method for industrially recovering zinc-manganese waste dry batteries, which comprises (1) primary shredding and secondary shredding of the batteries; (2) drying, screening, recovering part of black carbon powder, and magnetically separating to recover ferrous metal; (3) crushing the broken fragments of the batteries in a third stage; (4) screening and recovering residual black powder, and separating metal powder such as plastic and zinc by winnowing.
For enterprises engaged in waste battery recovery processing, a plurality of recovery processing lines are arranged to process different types of waste batteries, and more production costs such as fields, equipment, manpower and the like are required to be invested, so that the development of the waste battery recovery industry is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a resource recycling process and a resource recycling equipment system of waste batteries, which can use various products, and can reduce the investment cost of enterprises while ensuring the recycling efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention can be realized by the following technical measures:
a resource recycling process of waste batteries comprises the following steps:
crushing any one of lithium battery cell waste obtained by processing waste lithium battery cells, positive and negative pole piece waste obtained by processing waste positive and negative pole pieces or waste dry batteries for a plurality of times, washing, vibrating and screening to obtain oversize products, a pole piece metal mixture and undersize products, slurry containing positive and negative active substances, carrying out filter pressing on the undersize products to obtain wet powder, drying the oversize products and then sorting to obtain a metal reclaimed material; wherein:
the process of processing the waste lithium battery cell into the lithium battery cell waste comprises the following steps:
discharging the battery cell, namely soaking the waste lithium battery cell in a saline solution for 10-12 hours to fully discharge;
cleaning and drying the battery cell, cleaning the battery cell subjected to discharge treatment by using clear water, removing salt water, and then drying;
breaking and cutting the battery cell, and splitting a shell of the cleaned and dried battery cell;
pyrolyzing the battery core, namely performing high-temperature treatment on the broken and cut battery core to decompose organic matters in the battery core to obtain waste materials of the battery core of the lithium battery;
the process for treating the waste positive and negative pole pieces into the positive and negative pole piece waste materials comprises the following steps:
cutting the pole pieces, namely cutting the waste positive and negative pole pieces to realize primary crushing;
and (3) pyrolyzing the pole pieces, namely performing high-temperature pyrolysis treatment on the preliminarily crushed positive and negative pole pieces to decompose organic matters on the pole piece materials.
Preferably, the crushing comprises at least two stages of crushing processes connected in series, and the crushed materials with the diameter of 1-2 cm are obtained by the crushing of the last stage; the crushing comprises at least one wet crushing.
Preferably, the water wash vibratory screening comprises at least two stages of water wash vibratory screening in series.
Preferably, in the cell breaking process, the cell is longitudinally cut up and down.
Preferably, the pyrolysis temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 3-4 hours.
Preferably, after the oversize pole piece metal mixture is dried and before sorting, screening the oversize pole piece metal mixture, and recycling a part of the positive and negative electrode active material powder again.
The utility model provides a resource recycling system of old and useless battery, is including carrying out material transmission in proper order:
a cell loading device,
A discharging device for discharging the battery cell,
A cleaning device for cleaning the discharged battery cell,
A first drying device used for drying the cleaned battery cell,
A breaking and cutting device for cutting the dried battery cell,
A pyrolysis device for carrying out high-temperature treatment on the raw material to remove organic matters,
A crushing and screening system used for crushing, washing and screening the pyrolyzed raw materials to separate the positive and negative electrode powder and the pole piece metal mixture,
A filter pressing device for filter pressing the undersize material slurry obtained by washing and screening,
A second drying device for drying the oversize material pole piece metal mixture obtained by washing and screening, a vibrating screen for screening the dried pole piece metal mixture, and
the metal sorting device is used for sorting the metal mixture of the pole pieces of the oversize products of the vibrating screen;
the inlet end of the pyrolysis device is also connected with a pole piece shearing machine for primarily crushing the waste pole pieces, and the pole piece shearing machine is connected with a pole piece feeding device; the inlet end of the crushing and screening system is also connected with a dry battery feeding device.
Preferably, the inlet end and the outlet end of the crushing and screening system are respectively a crushing device and a water washing and screening device, and the crushing and screening system comprises at least two stages of crushing devices and at least two stages of water washing and screening devices.
Preferably, the outlet end of the first drying device is connected with a first receiving hopper, and the outlet end of the first receiving hopper is connected with the inlet end of the breaking device through a feeding and discharging robot.
Preferably, two cutting knives with opposite knife edges are arranged at the discharge port of the breaking and cutting device, and the knife edges are parallel to the movement direction of the battery core.
Preferably, the screen underflow outlet of the crushing and screening system is connected with a slurry temporary storage tank, and the slurry temporary storage tank is connected with a filter pressing device through a liquid suction pipeline.
Preferably, the discharge device comprises a discharge groove and a cell conveying rail moving in the discharge groove, an inlet end of the cell conveying rail is connected with the cell loading device, and an outlet end of the cell conveying rail is connected with the cleaning device.
Preferably, a second drying device and a vibrating screen are connected between the outlet end of the crushing and screening system and the metal sorting device.
Preferably, the sorting unit includes magnetic separation device and with the eddy current sorter that magnetic separation device links to each other, magnetic material exit linkage iron material storage device of magnetic separation device, the eddy current sorter connects copper material and aluminium material storage device.
Preferably, the crushing and screening system comprises a first crushing device, a second crushing device, a third crushing device, a fourth crushing device, a first washing vibrating screen and a second washing vibrating screen. The inlet end of the first crushing device is connected with the outlet end of the pyrolysis device, the inlet end of the fourth crushing device is connected with the dry battery feeding device, the oversize material outlet end of the second washing vibrating screen is connected with the second drying device, and the undersize material outlet end is connected with the filter pressing device.
Preferably, when the third crushing device is a wet crushing device, the crushing and screening system is connected from front to back: first breaker, second breaker, first washing shale shaker, third breaker, second washing shale shaker, fourth breaker connects first washing shale shaker simultaneously.
Preferably, when the three-stage crushing is dry crushing, the crushing and screening system is connected from front to back: first breaker, second breaker, third breaker, first washing shale shaker, second washing shale shaker, fourth breaker connects third breaker simultaneously.
Preferably, the solvent used in the multistage wet crushing and water washing screening is water.
The invention provides equipment and a process which are safe and environment-friendly through process optimization and can meet the requirement of recycling treatment of various waste battery materials through simple switching.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by means of the attached drawings, the examples of which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
FIG. 1 is a process route diagram of the resource recycling process of waste batteries according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a resource recycling system of waste batteries according to the present invention.
The figures in the drawings are labeled as:
001, a battery cell feeding device; 002, a discharge device; 003, cleaning the device; 004, a first drying device; 005, breaking and cutting device; 006, pyrolysis plant; 007, a filter pressing device; 008, a second drying device; 009, vibrating screen; 010, a first crushing device; 011, a second crushing device; 012, a first receiving hopper; 013, a slurry temporary storage tank; 014, a third crushing device; 015, a fourth crushing device; 016, a first washing vibrating screen; 017, second washing vibrating screen; 018, a dry battery feeding device; 019, a magnetic separation device; 020, eddy current separator; 021, cutting knife; 022, a feeding and discharging robot; 023, pole piece shearer; 024, a pole piece feeding device; 025, a material conveying device; 026, suction line; 027, iron storage devices; 028, an aluminum storage device; 029 and a copper material storage device.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, specific embodiments thereof will be described further below.
The resource recovery equipment adopted by the invention comprises:
a battery cell loading device 001,
A discharging device 002 for discharging the battery core,
A cleaning device 003 for cleaning the discharged battery cell,
A first drying device 004 for drying the cleaned battery cell,
A breaking and cutting device 005 for cutting the dried battery cell,
A pyrolysis apparatus 006 for performing a high temperature treatment on the raw material to remove organic matters,
A crushing and screening system used for crushing, washing and screening the pyrolyzed raw materials to separate positive and negative electrode active substances from a pole piece metal mixture,
A filter pressing device 007 for filter pressing the undersize material slurry obtained by washing and screening,
A second drying device 008 used for drying the oversize pole piece metal mixture obtained by washing and screening,
A vibrating screen 009 for screening the dried pole piece metal mixture, an
The metal sorting device is used for sorting the oversize material pole piece metal mixture of the vibrating screen 009;
the inlet end of the pyrolysis device 006 is connected with a pole piece shearing machine 023 for primarily crushing waste pole pieces, and the pole piece shearing machine 023 is connected with a pole piece feeding device 024;
broken screening system includes first breaker 010, second breaker 011, third breaker 014, fourth breaker 015, first washing shale shaker 016 and second washing shale shaker 017, the exit end of pyrolysis device 006 is connected to the entry end of first breaker 010, dry battery loading attachment 018 is connected to the entry end of fourth breaker 015, second drying device 008 is connected to the oversize thing exit end of second washing shale shaker 017, and filter pressing device 007 is connected to the undersize thing exit end.
When the third crushing device 014 is a wet crushing device, the connection manner of the crushing and screening system is from front to back: the device comprises a first crushing device 010, a second crushing device 011, a first washing vibrating screen 016, a third crushing device 014 and a second washing vibrating screen 017, wherein a fourth crushing device 015 is connected with the first washing vibrating screen 016; when the three-stage crushing is dry crushing, the connection mode of the crushing and screening system is from front to back: first breaker 010, second breaker 011, third breaker 014, first washing shale shaker 016, second washing shale shaker 017, fourth breaker 015 connects third breaker 014 simultaneously.
The sorting device includes a magnetic separator 019 for separating iron and a vortex separator 020 for separating nonferrous metals.
Example 1
The resource recovery of the lithium battery cell is carried out by adopting the equipment:
and (3) feeding the battery core obtained by disassembling the power battery into a saline tank of a discharging device 002 through a battery core feeding device 001, and soaking for 10 hours to fully discharge. And (3) sequentially passing the battery cell subjected to the discharge treatment through a cleaning device 003 and a drying device to remove saline carried by the battery cell, and drying. The cleaned and dried battery cell is conveyed to the first receiving hopper 012 by the material conveying device 025 and conveyed to the breaking and cutting device 005 by the feeding and discharging robot 022, the outlet of the breaking and cutting device 005 is provided with a cutting knife 021 with an upper knife edge and a lower knife edge which are opposite, when the battery cell passes through the outlet along the axial direction, the battery cell is respectively cut along the longitudinal direction by the upper knife edge and the lower knife edge, the shell of the battery cell is cut open, and the internal diaphragm is exposed. The broken battery core is sent into the pyrolysis device 006, the inside turnover mechanism that takes of the pyrolysis device 006, and keeps 500 ~ 600 ℃ of high temperature, makes the battery be heated evenly, and high temperature treatment makes the inside diaphragm of battery core and organic binder etc. decompose, obtains the lithium cell electricity core waste material including metal pole piece and positive negative pole inorganic active material. The obtained waste materials of the lithium battery cell are crushed and screened through a crushing and screening system, the crushing and screening system comprises a first crushing device 010, a wet second crushing device 011, a first washing vibrating screen 016, a wet third crushing device 014 and a second washing vibrating screen 017 which are sequentially connected in series, the wet third crushing device 014 finally obtains pole piece metal mixture with the diameter of about 1-2 cm and slurry containing positive and negative electrode active substances, undersize slurry obtained by screening through the first washing vibrating screen 016 and the second washing vibrating screen 017 is stored in a slurry temporary storage groove 013, the slurry in the two slurry temporary storage grooves 013 is sent to a filter pressing device 007 through a temporary storage pipeline 026, filter pressing is carried out to obtain filter cakes, and the filter cakes are convenient to transport and store for further recovery and treatment. Second washing shale shaker 017 oversize thing pole piece metal mixture is dried through second drying device 008, and the positive negative pole powder that partly do not completely separate is retrieved once more to rethread dry shale shaker 009, finally obtains separating comparatively complete pole piece metal mixture, pole piece metal mixture loops through magnetic separation device 019 and eddy current sorter 020, and the iron material is sent to iron material storage device 027 via material transmission device to the magnetic separation, and the aluminium material and the copper material that the operation obtained are selected separately to the eddy current store in aluminium material storage device 028 and copper material storage device 029 respectively.
Example 2
The positive and negative pole pieces are recycled by adopting the equipment:
waste positive and negative pole pieces and the like scrapped in the disassembly recovery or production process are firstly subjected to primary crushing through a pole piece shearing machine 023 due to large volume, on one hand, the large pole pieces are reduced in volume through the shearing action, on the other hand, positive and negative active substances mixed in the pole pieces are also subjected to primary separation, the sheared pole piece waste is sent into a pyrolysis device 006, and then, through the same process conditions and equipment as the lithium battery cell resource recovery, a positive and negative active substance filter cake and a metal reclaimed material are obtained through separation.
Example 3
The dry battery is recycled by adopting the equipment:
waste dry batteries are sent to a fourth crushing device 015 through a dry battery feeding device 018, the fourth crushing device 015 is connected with a first washing vibrating screen 016 through a material conveying device 025, and subsequent recovery treatment is carried out according to the process and conditions for recycling the lithium battery cell and the positive and negative electrode plates, so that the positive and negative electrode active substance wet powder and the metal reclaimed material are finally obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A resource recycling process of waste batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
crushing any one of lithium battery cell waste obtained by processing waste lithium battery cells, positive and negative pole piece waste obtained by processing waste positive and negative pole pieces or waste dry batteries for a plurality of times, washing, vibrating and screening to obtain oversize products, a pole piece metal mixture and undersize products, slurry containing positive and negative active substances, carrying out filter pressing on the undersize products to obtain wet powder, drying the oversize products and then sorting to obtain a metal reclaimed material; wherein,
the process of processing the waste lithium battery cell into the lithium battery cell waste comprises the following steps:
discharging the battery cell, namely soaking the waste lithium battery cell in a saline solution for 10-12 hours to fully discharge;
cleaning and drying the battery cell, cleaning the battery cell subjected to discharge treatment by using clear water, removing salt water, and then drying;
breaking and cutting the battery cell, and splitting a shell of the cleaned and dried battery cell;
pyrolyzing the battery core, namely performing high-temperature treatment on the broken and cut battery core to decompose organic matters in the battery core to obtain waste materials of the battery core of the lithium battery;
the process for treating the waste positive and negative pole pieces into the positive and negative pole piece waste materials comprises the following steps:
cutting the pole pieces, namely cutting the waste positive and negative pole pieces to realize primary crushing;
and (3) pyrolyzing the pole pieces, namely performing high-temperature pyrolysis treatment on the preliminarily crushed positive and negative pole pieces to decompose organic matters on the pole piece materials.
2. The resource recycling process of waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing comprises at least two stages of crushing processes, and the crushed materials with the diameter of 1-2 cm are obtained by the last stage of crushing.
3. The resource recycling process of waste batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that the crushing process comprises at least one wet crushing.
4. The resource recycling process of waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that the water washing vibratory screening comprises at least two stages of water washing vibratory screening.
5. The resource recycling process of waste batteries according to claim 1, wherein in the process of breaking and cutting the battery core, the battery core is cut vertically and vertically.
6. The waste battery recycling process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cell pyrolysis or the pole piece pyrolysis is 500-600 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 3-4 hours.
7. The resource recycling process of waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that after the oversize pole piece metal mixture is dried and before sorting, the oversize pole piece metal mixture is screened to recycle a part of the anode and cathode active material powder again.
8. The utility model provides a resource recycling system of old and useless battery which characterized in that, including carrying out material transmission in proper order:
a cell loading device,
A discharging device for discharging the battery cell,
A cleaning device for cleaning the discharged battery cell,
A first drying device used for drying the cleaned battery cell,
A breaking and cutting device for cutting the dried battery cell,
A pyrolysis device for carrying out high-temperature treatment on the raw material to remove organic matters,
A crushing and screening system used for crushing, washing and screening the pyrolyzed raw materials to separate positive and negative electrode active substances from a pole piece metal mixture,
A filter pressing device for filter pressing the undersize material slurry obtained by washing and screening,
A second drying device used for drying the oversize pole piece metal mixture obtained by water washing and screening,
A vibrating screen for screening the dried pole piece metal mixture, and
the metal sorting device is used for sorting the metal mixture of the pole pieces of the oversize products of the vibrating screen;
the inlet end of the pyrolysis device is also connected with a pole piece shearing machine for primarily crushing the waste pole pieces, and the pole piece shearing machine is connected with a pole piece feeding device; the inlet end of the crushing and screening system is also connected with a dry battery feeding device.
9. The resource recycling system of waste batteries according to claim 8, wherein the inlet end and the outlet end of the crushing and screening system are respectively a crushing device and a water washing and screening device, and the crushing and screening system comprises at least two stages of crushing devices and at least two stages of water washing and screening devices.
10. The resource recycling system of waste batteries according to claim 8, wherein the sorting device comprises a magnetic separation device for separating iron and an eddy current sorter for separating copper and aluminum.
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