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CN108706975A - 一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108706975A
CN108706975A CN201810316472.6A CN201810316472A CN108706975A CN 108706975 A CN108706975 A CN 108706975A CN 201810316472 A CN201810316472 A CN 201810316472A CN 108706975 A CN108706975 A CN 108706975A
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drill bit
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左文达
张梅
郭敏
刘磊
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法,包括主要原料为碳化硅和棕刚玉,辅料为钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石、水泥等,将碳化硅碾磨成颗粒(粒度0‑1mm,19‑21%或粒度1‑3mm,19‑21%),棕刚玉碾磨成颗粒(粒度0‑1mm,9‑11%或粒度1‑3mm,19‑21%),钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥的粒度均小于300目。该种制备的碳化硅钻头硬度高,耐磨性好,机械性能强,相比于一般的硬质合金钻头,碳化硅陶瓷钻头原料来源广、成本低、性能优良,适合应用于高炉炉前开铁口等恶劣工作环境中。

Description

一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备方法,具体为一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法,属于无机非金属材料的合成技术领域。
背景技术
近年来,随着我国钢铁产业的迅速发展,对高炉炼铁技术和设备均提出了更高的要求,高炉开口机和钻具是高炉炉前关键设备,其运行效果直接影响到高炉安全生产,而开口机钻具寿命短、成本高、效率低也一直是困扰我国钢铁冶炼行业的技术难题,相比目前应用广泛的硬质合金胎体、钎焊连接体系的钻头,工程陶瓷作为钻头的胎体材料更加廉价,耐磨和耐高温性能,抗弯、抗折性能也达到使用要求,硬度更强,且制备过程不涉及焊接技术,钻头一体化成型,整体性能更好,目前,世界上工业发达国家正用氮化硅、碳化硼以及碳化钛硅等陶瓷材料,替代硬质合金和氧化铝等材料作为抗磨材料,Si3N4-SiC及赛隆-碳化硅等各种陶瓷所需的原材料资源非常丰富,因此其生产成本仅是硬质合金的1/10,耐磨性却是硬质合金的2倍多(国外的资料是5倍),因此,无论是强度和耐磨性还是原料成本对比,利用碳化硅陶瓷材料替代现有的合金焊接件钻具,优势非常明显。
国内大多数高炉使用的钻头原料选材较受局限,制备工艺有待完善且钻头的硬度以及耐磨性需要进一步的增强,对于有用合金钢铸造的十字形钻头,有用白钢焊条焊接的合金片十字形、三翼形钻头,装配时,有些采用电弧焊,有些采用黄铜钎焊,有些采用氧乙炔焊,还有采用感应钎焊,因为钻头材料选择以及设计和装配工艺不合理,不能适应高炉开铁口作业,导致生产过程中钻头的消耗量很大。因此,针对上述问题提出一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于为了解决上述问题而提供一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的,一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)原料选取,主要原料为碳化硅和棕刚玉,辅料为钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石、水泥;
(2)将碳化硅碾磨成颗粒,棕刚玉碾磨成颗粒,钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥的粒度分别碾磨成颗粒;
(3)主要原料中分别取碳化硅质量的38-42%备用以及棕刚玉质量的28-32%备用,辅料中分别取金属铝质量的3-4%、三氧化二铝微粉质量的5-6%、钾长石质量的8-10%、软质粘土质量的5-6%、蓝晶石质量的5-6%以及水泥质量的2%备用;
(4)碳化硅、棕刚玉、钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥放进搅拌机内,并加入适量的水进行均匀搅拌混合,待混合完成后倒入模具中,并且通过振动器将模具内的混合原料夯实,同时形成钻头毛胚;
(5)钻头毛胚放入高温炉体内进行烧结进行升温保温,随后将炉体冷却到室温温度,再将烧结后模具内的成型钻头进行脱模取出,再将成型钻头进行砂边打磨得到成品。
优选的,所述碳化硅碾磨成颗粒为粒度0-1mm,19-21%或粒度1-3mm,19-21%,棕刚玉碾磨成颗粒为粒度0-1mm,9-11%或粒度1-3mm,19-21%,钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥的粒度均小于300目。
优选的,所述并将高温炉体内的温度以每小时30K-40K进行升温,升温时间为30-40小时,保温3-5小时。
优选的,所述碳化硅选用六方晶体的黑色碳化硅,且碳化硅、棕刚玉、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉以及水泥制备原料来源广、成本低。
本发明的有益效果是:该制备的碳化硅钻头硬度高,耐磨性好,机械性能强,相比于一般的硬质合金钻头,碳化硅陶瓷钻头原料来源广、成本低、性能优良,适合应用于高炉炉前开铁口等恶劣工作环境中。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一:
一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法,所述制备方法如下:
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)原料选取,主要原料为碳化硅和棕刚玉,辅料为钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石、水泥;
(2)将碳化硅碾磨成颗粒,棕刚玉碾磨成颗粒,钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥的粒度分别碾磨成颗粒;
(3)主要原料中分别取碳化硅质量的38%备用以及棕刚玉质量的32%备用,辅料中分别取金属铝质量的3%、三氧化二铝微粉质量的6%、钾长石质量的9%、软质粘土质量的5%、蓝晶石质量的5%以及水泥质量的2%备用;
(4)碳化硅、棕刚玉、钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥放进搅拌机内,并加入适量的水进行均匀搅拌混合,待混合完成后倒入模具中,并且通过振动器将模具内的混合原料夯实,同时形成钻头毛胚;
(5)钻头毛胚放入高温炉体内进行烧结进行升温保温,随后将炉体冷却到室温温度,再将烧结后模具内的成型钻头进行脱模取出,再将成型钻头进行砂边打磨得到成品。
进一步,所述碳化硅碾磨成颗粒为0-1mm,19-21%,棕刚玉碾磨成颗粒为0-1mm,9-11%,钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥的粒度均小于300目。
进一步,所述并将高温炉体内的温度以每小时30K进行升温,升温时间为40小时,保温3-5小时。
进一步,所述碳化硅选用六方晶体的黑色碳化硅,且碳化硅、棕刚玉、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉以及水泥制备原料来源广、成本低。
上述制备方法碳化硅钻头硬度高,耐磨性好,机械性能强。
实施例二:
一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法,所述制备方法如下:
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)原料选取,主要原料为碳化硅和棕刚玉,辅料为钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石、水泥;
(2)将碳化硅碾磨成颗粒,棕刚玉碾磨成颗粒,钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥的粒度分别碾磨成颗粒;
(3)主要原料中分别取碳化硅质量的42%备用以及棕刚玉质量的28%备用,辅料中分别取金属铝质量的4%、三氧化二铝微粉质量的5%、钾长石质量的9%、软质粘土质量的5%、蓝晶石质量的5%以及水泥质量的2%备用;
(4)碳化硅、棕刚玉、钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥放进搅拌机内,并加入适量的水进行均匀搅拌混合,待混合完成后倒入模具中,并且通过振动器将模具内的混合原料夯实,同时形成钻头毛胚;
(5)钻头毛胚放入高温炉体内进行烧结进行升温保温,随后将炉体冷却到室温温度,再将烧结后模具内的成型钻头进行脱模取出,再将成型钻头进行砂边打磨得到成品。
进一步,所述碳化硅碾磨成颗粒为1-3mm,19-21%,棕刚玉碾磨成颗粒为粒度1-3mm,19-21%,钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥的粒度均小于300目。
进一步,所述并将高温炉体内的温度以每小时40K进行升温,升温时间为30小时,保温5小时。
进一步,所述碳化硅选用六方晶体的黑色碳化硅,且碳化硅、棕刚玉、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉以及水泥制备原料来源广、成本低。
上述制备方法相比于一般的硬质合金钻头,碳化硅陶瓷钻头原料来源广、成本低、性能优良,适合应用于高炉炉前开铁口等恶劣工作环境中。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (4)

1.一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)原料选取,主要原料为碳化硅和棕刚玉,辅料为钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石、水泥;
(2)将碳化硅碾磨成颗粒,棕刚玉碾磨成颗粒,钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥的粒度分别碾磨成颗粒;
(3)主要原料中分别取碳化硅质量的38-42%备用以及棕刚玉质量的28-32%备用,辅料中分别取金属铝质量的3-4%、三氧化二铝微粉质量的5-6%、钾长石质量的8-10%、软质粘土质量的5-6%、蓝晶石质量的5-6%以及水泥质量的2%备用;
(4)碳化硅、棕刚玉、钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥放进搅拌机内,并加入适量的水进行均匀搅拌混合,待混合完成后倒入模具中,并且通过振动器将模具内的混合原料夯实,同时形成钻头毛胚;
(5)钻头毛胚放入高温炉体内进行烧结进行升温保温,随后将炉体冷却到室温温度,再将烧结后模具内的成型钻头进行脱模取出,再将成型钻头进行砂边打磨得到成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳化硅碾磨成颗粒为粒度0-1mm,19-21%或粒度1-3mm,19-21%,棕刚玉碾磨成颗粒为粒度0-1mm,9-11%或粒度1-3mm,19-21%,钾长石、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉、软质粘土、蓝晶石以及水泥的粒度均小于300目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述并将高温炉体内的温度以每小时30K-40K进行升温,升温时间为30-40小时,保温3-5小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高炉出铁用碳化硅复合陶瓷钻头的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳化硅选用六方晶体的黑色碳化硅,且碳化硅、棕刚玉、金属铝、三氧化二铝微粉以及水泥制备原料来源广、成本低。
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