CN108697803A - 透粘膜给药的药物组合物 - Google Patents
透粘膜给药的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108697803A CN108697803A CN201680063820.2A CN201680063820A CN108697803A CN 108697803 A CN108697803 A CN 108697803A CN 201680063820 A CN201680063820 A CN 201680063820A CN 108697803 A CN108697803 A CN 108697803A
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- sumatriptan
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Abstract
本发明涉及通过口腔粘膜对活性亲脂性化合物进行粘膜给药的药物组合物,该组合物包括亲脂性活性化合物、两种及两种以上水溶性聚合物形成的聚合物基质及快速溶解剂。至少有一种水溶性聚合物为两亲聚合物,且至少有一种是亲水聚合物或两亲聚合物,且该两新聚合物的亲水‑疏水平衡性不同于第一种两亲聚合物。另外,聚合物基质为非交联的,且两种或两种以上聚合物之间、以及聚合物与前述聚合物基质交织的亲脂性活性化合物之间不发生共价作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及口服给药,具体而言,涉及口腔粘膜给药的复方药物。
背景技术
现代治疗学包括对给药途径的考量以及用药物传递来评估疗效。在两种主要给药类别(即:局部给药与系统给药)中,系统给药方法侵入性较小,易用药,因而优先使用。系统给药允许药类化合物直接进入循环系统中,从而影响整个身体。而与之成为鲜明对比是局部用药,它一般只作用于局部。
两种常用的系统给药方法为:注射给药(包括:静脉和腹腔注射、注入)及经肠给药(包括:口服给药及胃肠道给药)。.透粘膜给药,尤其是口腔粘膜给药是系统给药的替代方法,它比注射法和经肠给药法更具优势。
首过效应,也称为首过代谢或系统前代谢,是口服给药过程中的一个严重问题。它与药物代谢有关,即药物在到达循环系统前其浓度大大削弱。所观察到的这种药物部分丢失的现象是由于药物被肝脏和肠壁吸收所导致。然而,由于口腔粘膜的血管化程度较高,通过口腔粘膜吸收的药物会绕过胃肠道及肝脏内的首过代谢而直接进入循环系统。因此,为了避免首过效应,并允许特定药物吸收后进入循环系统,可使用其它的给药方法,如:栓剂、静脉注射、肌肉注射、喷雾剂吸入、经皮、透粘膜和舌下给药。
鉴于上述情况,复方药物的透粘膜给药是一种极具吸引力的系统给药途径。它避免了系统性地传送新的、现有药物及复方药物时的首过效应及侵入性注射缺陷。此外,口腔粘膜成分易服用,并提高了患者的依从性。美国食品药品管理局(FDA)已批准了几种口服粘膜药品,如:阿斯那平、丁丙诺啡、麦角胺、芬太尼、海德金、硝酸异山梨酯、咪康唑、硝酸甘油、恩丹西酮、睾酮、唑吡坦、昂丹司琼,等。
以下是影响透粘膜给药的几种常见因素:生物利用度、吸收率、粘膜黏附(即:两种材料间、使其留在口腔中的粘附性,其中至少一种材料为粘膜表面)及药代动力学。这些因素取决于具体的药物,配方及剂量以及应用于口腔的具体部位。无论是口腔、舌下还是腭部,这些应用部位的口腔粘膜略有差异。因此,透粘膜给药模式取决于血管化率,表面积等因素。胞间通路(主要适用于亲水性药物)或胞内通路(主要适用于疏水性药物)都可调节粘膜渗透性。
因此,通过口腔粘膜(通常为舌下给药或通过脸颊内粘膜的口腔给药)的溶解、吸收,口腔粘膜或透粘膜给药绕过了胃肠道和肝脏内的首过代谢。与使用喷雾剂或贴剂等其它方式相比,透粘膜给药(舌下或口腔给药)可快速分解片剂或膜剂,并在患者依从性上要优于其它给药系统。
尽管存在许多优势,但复方药物的透粘膜给药仍存在一定局限。在M.J.Rathbone等人(eds)编辑的《口腔粘膜给药综述》一书中,Rathbone等人(2015)在其文章《口腔粘膜给药、治疗与药物释放科技的进展,2015,pp 17-28》中回顾了该领域近二十年的发展,并概述了以下科研成果:
(i)口腔比小肠的吸收表面积更小(~214cm2),因此,每次给药时所释放的药量很小(不超过10mg或20mg);
(ii)所有药物均可完全被唾液溶解吸收,但充足的亲脂性可通过亲脂性口腔粘膜扩散。
(iii)避免或掩盖了药的苦味;
(iv)唾液的PH值略偏酸性,因此,制剂的PH值必须在5-8之间;
(v)所有制剂必须是安全的,即不会对舌下、口腔及其它口腔粘膜组织造成刺激或损伤;
(vi)由于粘膜厚度为舌下区的几百微米至颊粘膜的500μm不等,因此药物的渗透性必须是可变的;
(vii)剂型可能会因唾液过多或随着口腔或舌头的动作而从给药部位移开,甚至会吞下药物,因此,要求具有粘膜粘附成分;
(viii)制剂的粘膜粘附性可延迟药物释放与吸收,因此不能快速起效。
上述局限与问题解释了为什么针对口腔给药的药物数量非常有限。因此,能克服上述局限性的新型透粘膜给药系统是一项长期需要。
发明内容
本发明描述了对活性亲脂性化合物进行口腔粘膜给药的药物组合物,该药物组合物包括:
(a)亲脂性活性化合物;
(b)由两种或多种水溶性聚合物形成的聚合物基质,
其中,
(i)所述两种或更多种水溶性聚合物中的至少一种是两亲聚合物,并且所述两种或更多种水溶性聚合物中的至少一种是亲水聚合物或具有不同于第一种两亲聚合物的疏水性-亲水平衡的两亲性聚合物;和
(ii)所述聚合物基质不是交联的,并且在所述两种或更多种聚合物之间以及所述聚合物和所述亲脂活性化合物之间不发生共价相互作用,所述聚合物和所述亲脂活性化合物与所述聚合物基质交织;和
(c)快速溶解剂。
本发明的药物组合物包含亲脂性活性化合物,该亲脂性活性化合物可选自镇痛药、抗炎剂、抗蠕虫药、抗心律失常药剂、抗菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗凝剂、抗抑郁剂、抗糖尿病药、抗癫痫药、抗真菌药、抗痛风药、抗高血压药、抗疟疾药、抗偏头痛药、抗毒蕈碱药、抗肿瘤药、化学药物、防止恶性细胞扩散药物、勃起功能障碍改善剂、免疫抑制剂、抗原虫剂、抗甲状腺剂、抗焦虑剂、镇静剂、催眠药、精神安定剂、β-阻断剂、心脏收缩剂、皮质类固醇、利尿剂、抗帕金森剂、胃肠剂、组胺受体拮抗剂、角质层分离药,脂质调节剂、抗心绞痛药、Cox-2抑制剂、白三烯抑制剂、大环内酯类、肌肉松弛剂、营养剂、阿片类镇痛剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、性激素、兴奋剂、肌肉松弛剂、抗骨质疏松剂、认知增强剂、抗尿失禁剂、抗良性前列腺肥大剂、必需脂肪酸、非必需脂肪酸及其混合物。
在特定实施例中,所述亲脂性活性化合物为乙酰胆碱、阿昔洛韦、阿苯达唑、沙丁胺醇、阿莫曲普坦、氨鲁米特、胺碘酮、氨氯地平,苯丙胺,两性霉素B、安普那韦、阿瑞吡坦、阿托伐他汀、阿托伐醌、阿奇霉素、氨曲南、巴氯芬、倍氯米松、倍他米松、比卡鲁胺、布地奈德、安非他酮、白消安、布替萘芬、骨化二醇、卡泊三醇、骨化三醇、喜树碱、坎地沙坦、大麻二醇、辣椒素、卡马西平、胡萝卜素、头孢克肟、头孢呋辛酯片、塞来昔布、西立伐他汀钠、西替利嗪,扑尔敏、胆钙化醇、西洛他唑、西米替丁、环丙沙星、西沙必利、克拉霉素、氯马斯汀、氯米芬、氯丙咪嗪、氯吡格雷、可待因、辅酶Q10、环苯扎平、环孢霉素,达那唑、丹曲林、右旋苯乙胺、双氯芬酸、双香醇、地高辛、脱氢表雄酮、双氢麦角胺、二氢速留醇、二红霉素、多奈哌齐、恩莫单抗、非那韦伦、乙基三普坦、依普沙坦、麦角钙酚、麦角胺、必需脂肪酸源、依托度酸、依托泊苷、法莫替丁、大麻二酚、芬太尼、非索非那定、非那雄胺、氟康唑、氟比洛芬、氟伐他汀、磷苯妥英、弗罗夫坦、呋喃唑酮、加巴喷丁、二甲苯氧庚酸、格列本脲、格列吡嗪、格列本脲、格列美脲、伊曲康唑、依维菌素、酮康唑、酮咯酸、拉莫三嗪、兰索拉唑、来氟米特、利多卡因、赖诺普利、洛哌丁胺、氯雷他定、洛伐他汀、左旋酪氨酸、叶黄素、番茄红素、甲羟孕酮、米非司酮、甲氟喹、甲地孕酮、美沙酮、甲氧沙林、甲硝唑、咪康唑、咪达唑仑、米格列醇、米诺地尔、米托蒽醌、孟鲁司特、吗啡、萘丁美酮、纳布啡、奈非那定、硝苯地平、尼尔地唑啶、尼鲁坦尼、呋喃妥因、尼扎替丁、奥美拉唑、奥普韦韦林、雌二醇、奥沙普秦、奥昔布宁、紫杉醇、帕立骨化醇、帕罗西汀、泮托拉唑、戊唑辛、吡格列酮、匹罗非汀、苯氧甲基青霉素、普伐他汀、氢化波尼松、普罗布考、黄体酮、丙泊酚、伪麻黄碱、吡斯的明、雷贝拉唑,雷洛昔芬、罗非昔布、瑞格列奈、利福布丁、利福喷汀、利美索龙、利托那韦、利扎曲坦、罗格列酮、沙奎那韦、舍曲林、西布曲明、西地那非、辛伐他汀、西罗莫司、螺内酯、舒马普坦、阿维曲坦、他克林、他克莫司、他莫昔芬、坦洛新、贝沙罗汀、他扎罗汀、替米沙坦、特比萘芬、特拉唑嗪、四氢大麻酚、噻加宾、噻氯匹定、替罗非班、替扎尼定、托吡酯、拓扑替康、托瑞米芬、曲马多、维甲酸、曲格列酮、曲伐沙星、缬沙坦、文拉法辛、维替泊芬、氨己烯酸、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、扎鲁司特、齐留通,佐米曲普坦、唑吡坦或唑吡酮及其药学上可接受的盐、异构体及混合物。
在一个具体的实施方案中,亲脂性活性化合物是选自四氢大麻酚(THC)和大麻二酚(CBD)的大麻素;选自阿莫曲坦,依立曲坦,罗曲坦,那拉曲坦,利扎曲坦,舒马曲坦,苏维曲坦和佐米曲坦;芬太尼盐;利多卡因盐;硫酸吗啡;奥昔布宁盐;喷他佐辛盐;西地那非盐和曲马多盐。
在另一特定实施例中,该药物组合物包括选自甘露醇、甜菊糖苷及其混合物的快速溶解剂。该实施例的药物组合物包含碱形式的亲脂性活性化合物,此外还包含KH4PO4等缓冲剂,将其加入至快速溶解剂中可将该组合物的PH值调至8以下,最好是调节至6.5-7.5的中性生理PH值范围内。这与现有技术中用盐形式的亲脂性活性化合物来改善溶解性相反。
本发明实施例的药物组合物包含两性聚合物,该两性聚合物选自聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、PEO衍生物、泊洛沙姆、泊洛沙胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙甲纤维素醋酸酯琥珀酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇(PEG)共聚物、PEO/聚丙二醇共聚物、PEG改性淀粉、乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物、聚丙烯酸共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸共聚物、植物蛋白和蛋白质水解产物组成的组。
在另一个实施例中,透粘膜药物组合物包含亲水性聚合物,该亲水性聚合物选自淀粉、可溶性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠(NaCMC)、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖和角叉菜胶组成的组。
在另一方面,本申请提供了制备实施方案的组合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
i)将两种或两种以上聚合物、快速溶解剂及亲脂性活性化合物溶于水或是水与一种或一种以上有机溶剂组成的混合物中,制成透明均匀溶液;
ii)干燥处理该透明均匀溶液(最好用喷雾干燥法)形成干粉。
在特定实施例中,第一步获得的两种及两种以上聚合物的透明均匀溶液是通过将亲脂性活性化合物作为固体碱或溶解盐添加至一种及一种以上有机溶剂后所得到的聚合物与快速溶解剂的水溶液。
实施方案的药物组合物还可包含一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或两者。在另一个实施例中,该药物组合物可以以粉末、简单的粉末混合物、粉末微球、包衣粉末微球、分散剂脂质体、及其组合形式制备。也可制成用于口服给药的剂型,如:胶囊、片剂、微球、颗粒、丸剂、小颗粒、粉末、小袋剂、锭剂、盘剂、膜剂、口服混悬剂及喷雾剂。
某实施例的药物组合物可通过舌下或口腔粘膜进行固体剂型给药。
附图及以下描述展示了一个或多个实施例的细节。所述技术的其它特征和优势将通过描述及权利要求书附图来展示。
附图说明
结合附图来看下述详细描述,可更全面的理解和领悟本发明实施例。
图1显示了实施例中(见例3)TransmucosalTM制剂的舒马曲坦API(西药原料药)(三角形)与非制剂舒马曲坦(西药原料药)(方形)在唾液中的溶解曲线。
图2显示了Franz扩散法试验,该试验测试了悬浮于0.5ml人造唾液中、浓度为7.5mg/ml的三种舒马曲坦样本在人体口腔组织的体外渗透性。
(1)非制剂舒马曲坦(方形)
(2)鼻腔喷雾剂,含舒马曲坦API(三角形),
(3)实施例的透粘膜制剂(见例3)(圆形)
图3显示了活性剂量为75mg的舒马曲坦碱性扁方形舌下片剂。
图4显示了人造唾液中活性剂量为25mg(菱形)和75mg(方形)的舒马曲坦碱性扁方形舌下片剂的溶解曲线。
图5比较了实施例中剂量为20mg的CBD制剂的大麻二酚API在200ml禁食态模拟态肠液(FaSSIF)中的(见例13)(三角形)以及非制剂大麻二酚(菱形)在唾液中的溶解曲线。
图6显示了实施例中制剂阿瑞匹坦API(Sapt-121-16)(见例16,上谱)和非制剂阿瑞匹坦(下谱)的X射线衍射图谱。
图7显示了实施例中制剂阿瑞匹坦API(Sapt-121-16)(见例16)(方形)与市售颗粒制剂阿瑞匹坦API的溶解曲线,其中,在FDA批准的2.2%十二烷基硫酸钠培养基中阿瑞匹坦以纳米晶形式(菱形)存在。
图8显示了实施例中制剂阿瑞匹坦API(Sapt-121-16)在禁食态模拟态肠液(FaSSIF)(见例16)(方形)与市售颗粒制剂阿瑞匹坦API的溶解曲线,其中,阿瑞匹坦以纳米晶形式(菱形)存在。
图9显示了交叉临床实验中,服用舒马曲坦舌下片剂与后,舒马曲坦API(三名志愿者的平均血浆舒马普坦值)的药代动力学曲线
图10显示了交叉临床实验中,服用舒马曲坦舌下片剂与后,舒马曲坦API(每个志愿者的单独曲线)的药代动力学曲线。
具体实施方式
下面将描述本申请的各个方面。为了解释清楚,阐述了具体的配置和细节以便大家透彻理解本申请。然而,对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明可以在没有本文所阐述的具体细节的情况下实施。此外,为了不模糊大家理解本申请,一些众所周知的特性可能会被省略或简化。
在权利要求中使用的术语“包括”不应被解释为限于其后列出的组件和步骤;它并不排除其他组件或步骤。它应该被解释为指定所述特征、整体、步骤或组件的存在,但并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征,整体,步骤或组件或其组合。因此,表述“包含x和z的组合物”的范围不应限于仅由组分x和z组成的组合物。
本发明涉及透粘膜药物组合物,特别是口服粘膜药物组合物,其通过使用由申请人开发并在WO 2009/040818和US 9,254,268('268)中描述的技术与使用快速溶解剂和可选择性调节的pH值和掩味剂。然而,本申请的一个实施方案的组合物赋予药物通过粘膜腔递送到血液中的能力,与'268的成分相对比。研究证明,'268的成分已经在胃肠腔中达到较好的生物吸收,而且并不会直接用作跨粘膜递送系统。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种通过口腔粘膜透粘膜给予活性亲脂性化合物的药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
(a)亲脂性活性化合物;
(b)由两种或多种水溶性聚合物形成的聚合物基质,
其中,
(i)所述两种或更多种水溶性聚合物中的至少一种是两亲聚合物,并且所述两种或更多种水溶性聚合物中的至少一种是亲水聚合物或具有不同于第一种两亲聚合物的疏水性-亲水平衡的两亲性聚合物;和
(ii)所述聚合物基质不是交联的,并且在所述两种或更多种聚合物之间以及所述聚合物和所述亲脂活性化合物之间不发生共价相互作用,所述聚合物和所述亲脂活性化合物与所述聚合物基质交织;和
(c)快速溶解剂。
在另一个实施方案中,亲脂性活性化合物可以以非离子化形式递送。如果亲脂性活性化合物具有碱性或酸性,则实施方案的组合物应含有pH调节剂和缓冲剂。
亲脂性活性化合物可选自镇痛药、抗炎剂、抗蠕虫药、抗心律失常药、抗菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗凝集剂、抗痛风剂、抗糖尿病剂、抗癫痫药、抗偏头痛剂、抗痛风剂、抗高血压药、抗疟疾药、抗偏头痛药、抗痛风剂、抗肿瘤剂、化疗药物、抗炎剂、勃起功能障碍改善剂、免疫抑制剂、抗原生动物剂、抗甲状腺剂、剂、镇静剂、催眠剂、神经安定药。β-阻断剂、心脏正性肌力药物、皮质类固醇、利尿剂、抗高血压药、胃肠剂、组胺受体拮抗剂、溶角蛋白剂、脂调节剂、抗心绞痛剂、COX-2抑制剂、白细胞三烯抑制剂、大环内酯类、肌肉松弛剂、营养剂、阿片样镇痛药、蛋白酶抑制剂、性激素、兴奋剂、肌肉松弛剂、抗骨质疏松剂、抗肥胖剂、认知增强剂、抗尿失禁剂、抗良性前列腺肥大剂、必需脂肪酸、非必需脂肪酸及其混合物。
在某些实施方案中,所述亲脂性活性化合物可以是乙酰胱氨酸,阿昔洛韦,阿苯达唑,沙丁胺醇,阿莫曲普坦,氨鲁米特,胺碘酮,氨氯地平,苯丙胺,两性霉素B,安普那韦,阿瑞吡坦,阿托伐他汀,阿托伐醌,阿奇霉素,氨曲南,巴氯芬,倍氯米松,倍他米松,比卡鲁胺,布地奈德,安非他酮,白消安,布替萘芬,骨化二醇,卡泊三醇,骨化三醇,喜树碱,坎地沙坦,大麻二酚,辣椒素,卡巴咪嗪,胡萝卜素,头孢克肟,头孢呋辛酯,塞来昔布,西立伐他汀,西替利嗪,氯苯吡胺,维生素D3,西洛他唑,西咪替丁,环丙沙星,环孢菌素,达那唑,丹曲林,地塞米松,双氯芬酸,双香豆素,地高辛,脱氢表雄酮,二氢麦角胺,二氢刺甾醇,地红霉素,达必平,恩莫单抗,依法韦仑,依来曲普坦,依普沙坦,依托泊苷,法莫替丁,大麻二酚,芬太尼,非索非那定,非那雄胺,氟康唑,氟比洛芬,氟伐他汀,依托咪酯,伊立替康,酮康唑,酮咯酸,拉莫三嗪,兰索拉唑,来氟米特,利多卡因,赖诺普利,洛哌丁胺,氯雷他定,洛伐他汀,L-茶氨酸,叶黄素,番茄红素,米非司酮,米非司酮,甲氧沙林,甲硝唑,咪康唑,咪达唑仑,米格列醇,米诺地尔,米托蒽醌,孟鲁司特,吗啡,萘丁美酮,纳布啡,那拉曲坦,奈非那韦,硝苯地平,尼可地平,尼鲁他尼,呋喃妥因,尼扎替丁,奥美拉唑,雌二醇,奥沙普秦,奥昔布宁,紫杉醇,旁卡西醇,帕罗西汀,瑞格列汀,利福布丁,利福喷丁,利美索龙,利托那韦,利扎曲坦,罗格列酮,沙奎那韦,舍曲林,舍曲林,舍曲林,西布曲明,西地那非,辛伐他汀,西罗莫司,螺内酯,舒马曲坦,磺马曲坦,他克林,他克莫司,他莫昔芬,坦洛新,蓓萨罗丁,他扎罗汀,替米沙坦,替尼泊苷,特比萘芬,特拉唑嗪,四氢大麻醇,噻加宾,噻氯匹定,替罗非班,替托尼定,托吡酯,拓扑替康,托瑞米芬,曲马多,维甲酸,曲格列酮,曲伐沙星,泛癸利酮,缬沙坦,文拉法辛,维替泊芬,氨己烯酸,维生素A,维生素D,维生素E,维生素K,扎鲁司特,齐留通,佐米曲普坦,唑吡坦或佐匹克隆及其药学上可接受的盐,异构体以及它们的混合物。
在一个具体的实施方案中,亲脂性活性化合物是选自四氢大麻酚(THC)和大麻二酚(CBD)的大麻素;选自阿莫曲坦,依立曲坦,罗曲坦,那拉曲坦,利扎曲坦,舒马曲坦,苏维曲坦和佐米曲坦;芬太尼盐;利多卡因盐;硫酸吗啡;奥昔布宁盐;喷他佐辛盐;西地那非盐和曲马多盐。
根据本申请的实施例,可以使用本领域已知的任何快速溶解试剂。在某些实施方案中,快速溶解剂是甘露醇、硬脂醇、PVP、EDTA或其混合物。快速溶解可以用粘合剂、pH调节缓冲剂和掩味添加剂来进行。
在实施方式的药物组合物包含基础形式的亲脂性活性化合物的情况下,其可以进一步包含缓冲剂,例如KH2PO4,其被添加到快速溶解试剂中以将组合物的pH值调节至pH低于8,优选至中性生理pH为6.5-7.5,从而允许药物通过口腔粘膜给药。这与现有技术中用盐形式的亲脂性活性化合物来改善溶解性相反。这在使用活性亲脂性化合物作为游离碱或游离酸的情况下是必需的。使用非离子化的活性亲脂性化合物或盐形式避免了添加缓冲剂的需要。
在其他另一个实施方案中,两亲聚合物可以是聚环氧乙烷(PEO),PEO衍生物,泊洛沙姆(优选泊洛沙姆407),泊洛沙胺,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),羟丙基纤维素,羟丙甲纤维素,羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯,醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯,聚丙烯酸酯,聚甲基丙烯酸酯,聚乙二醇(PEG)共聚物,PEO/聚丙二醇共聚物,PEG改性淀粉,乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物,聚丙烯酸共聚物,聚甲基丙烯酸共聚物,植物蛋白和蛋白质水解产物。
在又一个实施方案中,亲水性聚合物可以是淀粉,可溶性淀粉,羧甲基纤维素钠(NaCMC),羟乙基纤维素,聚乙烯醇,海藻酸钠,壳聚糖和角叉菜胶。
在一个示例性实施方案中,可以使用下列聚合物组合:
1)两种聚合物形成聚合物基体,其中一种聚合物是两亲聚合物,优选泊洛沙407,另一种聚合物是亲水性聚合物,优选NaCMC;
2)三种聚合物形成聚合物基体,两种聚合物是两亲聚合物,优选泊洛沙407和PVP,另一种聚合物是亲水性聚合物,优选NaCMC;或
3)三种聚合物形成聚合物基质,其中一种聚合物是两亲聚合物,优选泊洛沙407,另一种聚合物是亲水聚合物,优选NaCMC和可溶性淀粉。
在另一示例性实施方式中,本申请的药物组合物选自:
1)舒马普坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC和甘露醇;
2)舒马普坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC、甘露醇和KH2PO4;
3)舒马普坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC、可溶性淀粉和甘露醇;
4)舒马普坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC、可溶性淀粉、甘露醇、甜菊双糖苷和KH2PO4;
5)大麻脂、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC和甘露醇;
6)阿瑞匹坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC和甘露醇;
7)四氢大麻酚、D-α-生育酚、聚乙二醇、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC、可溶性淀粉和甜菊双糖苷;以及
8)泼尼松龙、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC和甘露醇;和
9)胰岛素、EDTA、泊洛沙姆407和NaCMC。
在另一方面,本申请提供了制备实施方案的组合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
I)将两种或两种以上聚合物、快速溶解剂及亲脂性活性化合物溶于水或是水与一种或一种以上有机溶剂组成的混合物中,制成透明均匀溶液;
ii)干燥处理该透明均匀溶液(最好用喷雾干燥法)形成干粉。
聚合物-亲脂性药物透明和均质溶液可按所使用的聚合物以各种方式制备。亲脂性药物可以溶解在与水混溶的至少一种有机溶剂中,并且当将含有亲脂性药物的有机溶液添加到聚合物溶液中时不会导致聚合物沉淀。此类溶剂的实例包括但不限于乙酸、乙腈、丙酮、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、1,4-二噁烷、乙醇、甲酸、甲醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、甲基乙基酮、2-甲基-1-丙醇、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、1-戊醇、N-丙醇、2-丙醇和四氢呋喃。在某些实施方案中,有机溶剂是N-丙醇、乙醇、1-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮或乙腈,或N-丙醇和丙酮的混合物,或乙醇和水。
在另一个实施方案中,亲脂性活性化合物以固体形式加入到聚合物的水溶液中(无溶剂制备)。当亲脂性活性化合物在缓冲聚合物溶液中具有足够的溶解度时,这通常是可能的。例如,存在于碱形式的亲脂性活性化合物在缓冲聚合物溶液中具有足够的溶解度。否则,它需要在有机溶剂中溶解。因此,步骤(i)的澄清和均匀的溶液可以通过将亲脂性活性化合物加入固体形式,或溶解在一种或多种有机溶剂中,得到聚合物的水溶液和快速溶解剂而获得。可以根据本申请的实施例使用任何已知的用于干燥溶液的常规方法,例如喷雾干燥、在真空下加热蒸发和冷冻干燥。在优选的具体实施方案中,粉末组合物是通过喷雾干燥方法制备的。
实施方案的药物组合物还可包含一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或两者。在某些实施方案中,药物组合物还可包含崩解剂,如交联淀粉、交联羧甲基纤维素钠或交联淀粉,其例如加入片剂以诱导破碎,当片剂与水性介质接触时。在其它实施方式中,药物组合物还可以包括选自甜味剂、精油和普通风味剂的味道掩蔽剂,例如三氯蔗糖、Stiventol、薄荷醇和任选的醛的组合,以掩盖亲脂活性化合物的苦味试验。如果加入崩解剂,实施例的药物组合物还可以包括压片粘合剂和润滑剂,例如微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁。
在又一个实施方案中,药物组合物可以以粉末、简单粉末混合物、粉末微球、包衣粉末微球、脂质体分散体及其组合的形式制备。也可制成用于口服给药的剂型,如:胶囊、片剂、微球、颗粒、丸剂、小颗粒、粉末、小袋剂、锭剂、盘剂、膜剂、口服混悬剂及喷雾剂。实施例的药物组合物可以舌下或颊粘膜固体剂型给药。
在本申请中描述的独特的两亲-亲水聚合物-药物基质的组合在药物在口腔内的吸收方面提供了足够的延迟。结果,亲脂性药物在唾液中达到了非常快的最大浓度,这显著增加了其提供最大治疗功效的渗透性。这是非常令人惊讶的发现,特别是由于实施例的组合物含有羧甲基纤维素钠和淀粉,这对于它们的粘膜粘附和溶胀性能是公知的,并且通常提供药物的延长和缓慢释放。
本发明的口腔黏膜组合物可用于许多临床适应症,例如治疗偏头痛。非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)和曲普坦类被用作偏头痛发作的第一线,以减少疼痛和恢复功能。曲坦-型偏头痛药物,通过5-羟色胺受体作用,在偏头痛发作过程中收缩血管并减轻偏头痛相关症状,如疼痛。然而,递送途径对于三PTAN的作用开始是非常重要的。例如,鼻内喷雾通常在10-15分钟内作用,因此是最快速和有效的治疗,但是许多患者不喜欢他们的味道,或者可以具有改变药物有效性的鼻窦炎。口腔崩解的三PTAN具有与口服片剂相似的作用和功效,并且在伴有恶心的偏头痛发作的患者中具有特别的优点。麦角胺,血清素受体特异性血管收缩剂,是另一种小剂量服用的抗偏头痛药物,但不幸的是,它的口服生物利用度很低。
需要至少5%的全身吸收以提供任何益处。本发明允许这样的吸收速率。许多其他外标签处方药物,包括β受体阻滞剂,如心得安;例如加布他宁、丙戊丙戊丙戊丙戊二丙戊胺等。阿弥陀林等抗抑郁药;抗炎化合物,如类固醇、NSAID、利多卡因及其衍生物;和钙通道阻断剂,如类似的类似物,用于预防偏头痛发作,并适合作为本申请的药物组合物的活性化合物的候选物。
本发明的递送系统还可用于将药物化合物如奥昔布宁、托特罗定、托溴铵、索利那新和达非那新等药物化合物经粘膜递送至身体的其它部分,例如用于治疗过度活跃的膀胱。使用经粘膜的奥昔布宁导致从第一通过肝脏代谢中逃逸并将奥昔布宁转化为N-去乙基己氧昔布宁。
本申请的经粘膜组合物的几个优点包括避免不利的胃肠道(GI)环境,绕过第一传递效应(肝脏代谢),具有连接到相对高的渗透性的高的血管形成率,具有高的细胞转换率,并且使得能够使用有效的低剂量药物。这可用于易酶的药物,例如肽,例如胰岛素或生长激素。
重新分级第1-PASS效应,类固醇(如泼尼松、泼尼松龙、可的松、皮质醇和曲安奈德)、雄激素类固醇(如甲基睾酮、睾酮和氟睾酮)、雌激素类固醇和孕激素类固醇(如PROGESTERONIS)是口服给药时,首次通过代谢的药物的例子。如上所述,该实施方案的药物组合物包含例如上述类固醇和用于透过口腔粘膜经粘膜给药所述类固醇能够绕过首过代谢。
一个实施方案的药物组合物也可用于某些应用中,其中活性化合物通过粘膜(例如接种)被递送至全身暴露。该病例中的示例性免疫试剂包括免疫球蛋白、单克隆抗体试剂、抗蛇毒剂、用于主动免疫的试剂、变应原提取物、免疫试剂和抗风湿剂。
实施方案的药物组合物可以将亲脂性活性化合物如止吐药阿瑞匹坦和Granisabsatz以及各种化疗药物递送到患者的循环系统,即使患者由于他/她的年龄、食管炎、CNS病症、化疗引起的恶心呕吐等而具有一定的吞咽困难。许多患有神经变性疾病的人(例如,服用抗帕金森病的患者,如双哌利登、卡多巴、卡多巴、罗匹尼罗、拉西坦、普拉克索、恩卡帕酮、苯甲酰胺、溴隐亭、司他吉兰、非索非那定、托卡酮、三己基酚和药用大麻素,或抗痴呆和抗阿尔茨海默药,例如美金刚、多奈哌齐、肉冻、卡巴拉汀和他克林)也将受益于本发明的显著更柔顺的制剂。此外,应当注意,与本申请的制剂一起施用的经粘膜质子泵抑制剂(PPI)可有效地控制胃内pH。对于不能吞咽固体剂量制剂的那些患者,这可以是静脉内或鼻内给药的替代方案。
当亲脂性活性化合物必须非常快速地递送时,可以给患者施用实施方案的药物组合物。快速起效的非限制性实例,或按需需要的药物是抗疼痛、抗精神病药、抗精神病药、抗癫痫发作、心脏保护、抗中风、止吐药、抗麻醉药物和抗-点药物。具有治疗功效的药物化合物的实例是由于快速起效或按需使用的药物是抗精神病药,例如氟苯嗪、咪鲜胺、奋乃静、碳酸锂、柠檬酸锂、硫代达嗪、莫林酮、三氟哌拉嗪、氟氯噻嗪、三氟哒嗪、氯氮平、氯氮平、氟哌啶醇、洛沙平、美司达嗪、奥氮平、氟哌啶、齐拉西酮、利培酮、氯普司特、匹莫司特、美司达嗪和硫代辛。
在一个实施方案的药物组合物中使用的镇痛药物是例如埃托啡、二氟尼柳、阿司匹林、布洛芬、洛芬-型化合物、吗啡、氢吗啡、左啡烷、氢吗啡酮、羟吗啡酮、羟考酮、氢吗啡酮、辉石、纳曲酮、乐伐他烷、芬太尼、布雷马佐辛、美替丁、曲马朵和对乙酰氨基酚。在一个实施方案的药物组合物中配制的抗组胺药例如为阿伐斯汀,阿司咪唑,依巴斯汀,诺尔阿司咪唑,溴苯那敏,西替利嗪,氯马斯汀,非索非那定,苯海拉明,法莫替丁,氯苯甲嗪,尼扎替丁,嘧啶胺和异丙嗪。包括在一个实施方案的药物组合物中的抗哮喘药物是茶碱、麻黄碱、二丙酸盐、肾上腺素和倍氯米松。抗凝剂为肝素、双羟香豆素和华法林。在一个实施方式的药物组合物中使用的精神激励剂是帕格列烯、异烟酰胺、烟酰胺、苯二嗪、丙咪嗪和透甲酰基亚胺。磺酰脲为普中酮、氯硝西泮、戊二钠、甲磷酰胺、二苯脲、烯缩松、乙二唑、苯乙基脲、丙戊酸钠、乙磺酰亚胺、地西泮、英英、利托吡酯、托吡酯、缩苯脲酸、替加滨乙拉西坦、拉莫三嗪、劳拉西泮、奥卡西平、二钾氯氮卓、加巴喷丁和唑尼沙胺。在一个实施方式的药物组合物中配制的抗痉挛药物是肌肉收缩剂,例如阿托品、丁胺、地塞米松、氧酚、罂粟碱和前列腺素。
在一个实施方案的药物组合物中使用的肌肉松弛剂是阿库溴铵、阿洛司琼、氨茶碱、巴氯芬、卡异丙酚、氯苯那敏、普啶醇(Pridioxin)、氯苯那敏、氯唑嗪酮、氯哒嗪酮、胆甾醇、十溴代胺、氯唑嗪酮、氯代哌酮、乙平均胺、加兰他林、美他司酮、罂粟碱、替替尼定、匹考溴铵、泛库溴铵、罂粟碱、替替尼定、匹考溴铵、联库溴铵、妥尔哌拉嗪、妥布林碱、琥珀酰胆碱-氯、维库溴铵、联屈隆、安定、环苯扎林甲氧苄醇、甲酚甘油醚、甲氧羰基和三己基苯酰。
在一个实施方案的药物组合物中引入的拟交感神经药物是清蛋白、肾上腺素、安非他明麻黄碱和去甲肾上腺素。在一个实施方案的药物组合物中配制的心血管药物是丙氨酰胺、硝酸甘油、β-阻断剂,例如卡维他汀、频洛尔、普萘洛尔、普洛尔、美托洛尔、艾司洛尔、奥普洛尔、噻吗洛尔、阿替洛尔、阿普洛尔、阿西洛尔和α-肾上腺素能受体,例如特拉唑嗪、多沙唑嗪、盐酸可乐定、哌唑嗪和阿哌唑嗪。可以配制成实施例的药物组合物的其它救生药物在WHO的基本药物的模型列表中给出,例如胰高血糖素激素。
本发明的透粘膜组合物可用于解决重大未满足的医疗需求,例如治疗糖尿病,化疗引起的恶心,突破性疼痛以及急性精神病和神经疾病等。为了治疗糖尿病,组合物可以含有经粘膜胰岛素以克服口服剂型胰岛素的主要缺点,即胃肠道吸收的固有变异性,以产生补充剂量,这将是胰岛素注射的替代方案。因此,患者可通过口服递送本发明的经粘膜胰岛素有效地控制他或她的葡萄糖水平。
一个实施方案的药物组合物用于通过口腔粘膜透粘膜施用活性亲脂性化合物具有以下属性:
1)对粘膜表面的控制粘附性;
2)提高了药物在唾液中的溶解度和高溶解速率;
3)释放足够的残留时间用于粘膜吸收的药物;
4)以非离子化亲脂形式递送药物,以便通过最有效的反细胞途径渗透一系列屏障到达循环系统;
5)改善渗透性性质,这与高溶解速率和足够的残留时间一起转化为较早和较高的药物暴露和较低递送剂量的更快的吸收,而不是口服片剂;因此,观察到快速起效;
6)早期暴露于鼻喷剂的相似度,但舌下粘膜形式呈现较高的初始峰,与鼻内制剂相比延长了暴露量。
7)提供相对高剂量的药物的能力,以便提供重要的特征:快速起效和治疗效果延长。前者是经粘膜吸收的结果,后者是吞服药物胃肠吸收的结果;
8)提高了药物的生物利用度(本发明的75mg舌下片显示了类似于100mg商业口服片剂的药代动力学)。
亲脂性和亲水性药物可以有效地用于反式粘膜递送。亲水性化合物通过细胞间途径渗入口腔黏膜的上皮屏障,而亲脂性化合物则被反式-细胞机制所吸收。以下方程(1)和(2)显示了通过口腔粘膜和其它因素的药物流量之间的关系:
细胞内递送(1):
跨细胞递送(2):
其中,
J–药物流量
D–药物扩散系数
E–细胞间/跨细胞途径的面积分数
C–供体药物浓度
K–药物分配系数
h–路径长度
申请人在WO2009/040818中开发的技术使得可以提高药物的溶解速率及其在各种产品中的水溶性。以下Noyes-Whitney方程3)定义了药物的溶解速率:
Noyes-Whitney方程(3):
其中,
dW/dt–固体化合物(药物)的溶解速率
A–固体化合物的表面积
C–溶剂中药物的浓度
Cs–固体化合物周围扩散层中的药物浓度
D–扩散系数
L–扩散层厚度
Noyes-Whitney方程(3)中出现的几个参数可以通过制定开发最大化。例如,可以通过将渗透增强剂引入制剂中来增加扩散系数D。制剂的快速崩解和药物的高溶解速率是口腔黏膜递送的关键因素。在唾液C中达到高浓度的药物,从而加速药物流量,通过减少药物颗粒尺寸成为可能。事实上,通过减小颗粒尺寸的减小,可以极大地增加溶解速率。增加药物溶出速率对于亲脂性和亲水性药物吸收都是有益的;然而,药物在唾液中溶解度的增加是亲脂性API渗透的关键因素。
已知结晶溶质的溶解度(在任何溶剂中)至少部分地取决于晶体的某些性质。可归因于溶质结晶度的溶解度的降低由Hilderand方程(4)给出:
Hildebrand公式(4):
其中,
M–固体化合物(药物)的摩尔分数溶解度,定义如下:
固体化合物的Tm和T-熔点和目标温度(均以°K表示)
ΔSf-固体化合物的SF-熵
因此,随着固体化合物的熔点的降低,药物的溶解度可以指数地增加。
所获得的实施方案的药物组合物的性质是意外的。申请人所获得和在WO2009/040818中描述的固体分散体仅仅稍微延迟了所制备的剂型的溶解。WO2009/040818中示例的粉末和颗粒溶解在15分钟以上,并且片剂溶解在60分钟以上。相反,在颗粒中配制的本申请的实施例的药物组合物在2-3分钟内达到完全溶解,而片剂中的制剂完全溶解在30分钟内。然而,舌下片剂在施用后5-7分钟内崩解。这种相对高的溶解速率被转化成较短的Tmax值大约30分钟(参见实施例20)。图9和10)。
其它获得的实施例药物组合物的重要性质,这是意外的,是改善药物渗透性的。之前,申请人成功地实现了仅可溶性增强(细节参见WO2009/040818)。根据本申请的实施例,将第三亲水聚合物结合到亲脂性活性化合物-聚合物基质中,与快速溶解剂和缓冲剂一起令人惊奇地不仅增加了活性化合物的溶解速率,而且增强了通过口腔粘膜膜的渗透性(参见下面的实施例中的实施例6和8)。
本申请的实施方案的药物组合物相对于申请人在WO 2009/040818中描述的先前开发的技术的组合物的优越性可以通过以下方式来证明:体外弗兰茨细胞实验和体内药代动力学研究(见实施例部分)。实施方案的药物组合物包含由亲脂性药物-聚合物复合物组成的粉末,并且还可包含一种或多种药学上可接受的惰性载体或赋形剂或两者,例如味道掩蔽剂、渗透促进剂、粘合剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、填充剂、助流剂、润滑剂、悬浮剂、甜味剂、精油、调味剂、缓冲剂、芯芯剂、润湿剂和泡腾剂。本发明的组合物在根据FDA药物产品的溶解方法进行的试验中表现出快速溶解。对于具有良好渗透性的亲脂性药物,其中溶解度是实现良好生物利用度的主要威慑物,溶解试验表明溶解度和其中的生物利用度。
实施例的药物组合物的给药导致亲脂性药物的快速溶解、立即释放和改善的生物利用度。本文所用的术语“生物利用度”是指“亲脂性药物在给药后可用于目标组织的程度。一个实施方案的亲脂性药物组合物的合适的生物利用度理想地表明,与未经配制的亲脂性药物或给药未经配制的亲脂性药物后获得的生物利用度相比,所述药物组合物的施用导致生物利用度得到改善(或至少相同)含有相同量的亲脂性药物的市售产品。术语“未配制”的亲脂性药物是指用作原始结晶粉末的亲脂性化合物。
本文所用术语“渗透性”是指药物通过口腔粘膜(口腔和舌下)以及通过胃肠粘膜的渗透性。与未配制的亲脂性药物和相同药物的商业制剂相比,本申请的实施例的药物组合物表现出溶解度差的亲脂性药物通过模型人口腔组织的优良渗透性(参见下面的实施例部分)。通过最初旨在改善溶解速率的成分的基质提高渗透性的实验观察是一个令人惊讶的发现。
实例
在以下实例中,除文中特别引用有其单位的情况之外,使用术语“比”之处皆指重量比。
材料
舒马曲坦(来自印度Manus Aktteva);一种含有20mg舒马曲坦作为半硫酸盐的鼻用喷雾(来自葛兰素史克公司);(125mg阿瑞匹坦,默克公司);来自美国药典(USP,)的舒马曲坦标准版;大麻二酚(来自英国阿姆里有限公司);四氢舒马曲坦(来自THC制药);泊咯沙姆407和Kollidone CL(来自德国BASF);羧甲基纤维素钠NaCMC( CMC-7L2P,来自亚什兰公司的阿奎纶);改性淀粉(来自美国Ingredion);Stevinol(Rebaten 97,来自塞比克公司);甘露醇和硬脂酸镁(来自默克公司);薄荷醇(来自安徽银丰制药);草莓和香蕉香精(来自奎斯特国际印度有限公司);氯化钠和PBS(来自以色列生物产业);阿瑞匹坦,氢化波尼松,胰岛素,磷酸一钾和磷酸二钾以及PVP(来自以色列西格玛公司);乳糖(来自美国阿尔法化工);二氧化硅(来自德国赢创工业);正丙醇和丙酮(以色列生物实验室)。
方法
含有活性物质和聚合物的液体中间体是使用不同尺寸的玻璃器皿、磁板、蠕动泵和管道系统制备的。喷雾干燥法是使用瑞士步琦有限公司的小型喷雾干燥仪B-290进行的。用Dynamic Exim有限公司的小型压片机执行片剂压制。用Dynamic Exim干式制粒机执行颗粒剂制备。使用配备有1L和250ml容器的制药公司测试模型DT70的浆装置,根据用于制剂的USP溶解法<711>和FDA溶解法来执行溶解测试。使用戴安公司的HPLC执行量化。将适量制备好的颗粒剂或片剂以及对照粉末或片剂以75rpm的旋转速度溶于37℃的250ml人工唾液中。根据2011年Marques等人于Dissolution Technologies杂志18,15-28报道的SS5溶液配方制备模拟唾液。根据USP分解方法<701>执行片剂分解测试。
使用标准DSC设备(如来自托利多的示差扫描热量计、模型DSC 820、铝坩埚标准版40 l ME-27331、托利多平衡仪MT-15、密封压制机、坩埚处理机组ME-119091和托利多STARe软件系统)研究组成成分的热性能。样本(5-10mg)以10℃/min的加热速度从25℃加热至100℃。
使用具有变温控制的创世纪IIIθ-θ衍射仪(日本理学株式会社)执行X-射线衍射测量。发电机设定为:40kV,40mA.检测器为固态模块D/tex-25或闪烁计数器。使用Jade 8或9分析程序(加拿大MDI)执行数据分析。所有计算皆用德国柏林邦材料检验研究院W.Kraus和G.Nolze开发的Windows版本2.4程序的PowderCell来执行。结构方案和细化由使用SHELX的直接法来进行。
使用动态光散射(DLS)来测量纳米分散体的粒度。该方法运行于Malvern Zen3600,Zetasizer-nano系列。通过在25-30℃下将喷雾干燥的粉末悬浮于水中(0.075-0.1%)来制备样本。首先,将水加至适量粉末,混合物静置15分钟。接着,将悬浮液以300rpm磁力搅拌4分钟,并且将1ml的悬浮液转移到一个透明小容器以备测量。在25-30℃下进行一系列的至少5次重复的测量。由经验证的HPLC-U方法使用具有光电二极管阵列(PDA)检测器和Chromeleon版本6.70程序包的Summit DI 6009 and Ultimate 3000Dionex(德国)HPLC系统测定配方中活性化合物的浓度。
以下执行渗透率研究。从MatTek集团(亚什兰,马萨诸塞州)获得屏障膜,EpiOralTM表示高度分化三维培养人体口腔组织等效物。将样本安装在垂直的Franz扩散池中(PermeGear公司,宾夕法尼亚州伯利恒)。这些展现出0.64cm2的扩散可用的表面面积和5.1mL的受体室容量。受体室注满了以600rpm搅拌的等压磷酸盐缓冲盐水(0.155M和pH7.4)。通过使用恒温水泵(Freed Electric,以色列海法)使每个受体室中的流体保持在37±0.5℃,该恒温水泵通过包围每个主腔室的护套来使水循环。在实验之前使生物膜在Franz池中静置1小时以便促进其水合作用。此后,将500-μL等分试样7.5mg/ml于人工唾液中的舒马曲坦溶液/分散液放置于每个供体室。供体室用封口膜覆盖以防蒸发。接着在3,6,9,12,20,40和60分钟时收集300μL的受体溶液样本,并且用300μL磷酸盐缓冲剂替代,置于冰上并且在HPLC或LCMS分析之前储存于-20℃。每个渗透实验进行四次复制操作。
实例1:舒马曲坦与泊咯沙姆407和NaCMC的制剂
药物溶液:舒马曲坦(1.0g)在25℃于300rpm的搅拌下溶于17g正丙醇和8g丙酮的混合物中。
聚合物溶液:泊咯沙姆407(2.0g)、NaCMC(1.0g)和甘露醇(0.5g)在57℃于300rpm的搅拌下溶于50ml的水中。
在55℃于300rpm的搅拌下将药物溶液以2ml/min的喂料速率添加至聚合物溶液。使用具有105℃进风温度和62℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得的清透均匀的热(50-55℃)溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而获得粉末。
实例2:舒马曲坦与泊咯沙姆407、NaCMC以及改性淀粉的制剂
药物溶液:舒马曲坦(1.0g)在25℃于300rpm的搅拌下溶于17g正丙醇和8g丙酮的混合物中。
聚合物溶液:泊咯沙姆407(2.0g)、NaCMC(0.5g)、改性淀粉(0.5g)和甘露醇(0.5g)在57℃于300rpm的搅拌下溶于50ml的水中。
在55℃于300rpm的搅拌下将药物溶液以2ml/min的喂料速率添加至聚合物溶液。使用具有105℃进风温度和62℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得的清透均匀的热(50-55℃)溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而获得粉末。
实例3:舒马曲坦与泊咯沙姆407、NaCMC、改性淀粉以及磷酸一钾的制剂
药物溶液:舒马曲坦(1.0g)在25℃于300rpm的搅拌下溶于17g正丙醇和8g丙酮的混合物中。
聚合物溶液:泊咯沙姆407(2.0g)、NaCMC(0.5g)、改性淀粉(0.5g)、甘露醇(0.5g)、斯替维醇(1.0g)和KH2PO4(1.5g)在57℃于300rpm的搅拌下溶于50ml的水中。
在55℃于300rpm的搅拌下将药物溶液以2ml/min的喂料速率添加至聚合物溶液。使用具有105℃进风温度和56℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得的清透均匀的热(50-55℃)溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而获得粉末。
实例4:舒马曲坦与泊咯沙姆407、NaCMC、改性淀粉以及磷酸一钾的制剂的无溶剂制备
泊咯沙姆407(2.0g)、NaCMC(0.5g)、改性淀粉(0.5g)、甘露醇(0.5g)、斯替维醇(1.0g)和KH2PO4(1.5g)在57℃于300rpm的搅拌下溶于50ml的水中。在55℃于300rpm的搅拌下将舒马曲坦(1g)添加至聚合物溶液。使用具有115℃进风温度和54℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得的清透淡黄色均匀的热(50-55℃)溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而获得粉末。
实例5:舒马曲坦制剂的pH测量
将100mg实例1和实例4的制剂溶于5ml去离子(DI)水中,并且针对所获得的溶液测量pH。实例1中所获得的制剂溶液的pH为10.1,且实例4中所获得的制剂溶液的pH为7.1。该结果证明需要pH调整以及如实例3中所进行的向制剂添加缓冲剂(KH2PO4)
实例6:实例1-3的组成成分的溶出率
单纯舒马曲坦和实例1-3的制剂粉末在人工唾液中经溶解测试。第一组实验中的载药量为2.5mg/ml。结果概括于表1中。
表1载药量2.5mg/ml下的舒马曲坦溶解
为了模拟实际的剂量给药,测试API加载为10mg/ml的药物溶解。结果概括于表2和图1中,图1显示实施例的转化粘液质制剂(三角形)与单纯舒马曲坦于唾液中(正方形)的舒马曲坦API的溶出曲线。
表2载药量10mg/ml下的舒马曲坦溶解
表2和图1清晰地展示实例3的组成成分相比单纯舒马曲坦的优良溶解性。
实例7:舒马曲坦制剂的热性能和结构特性
为了测定本发明的组成成分中舒马曲坦的热性能,通过方法部分所描述的差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定喷雾干燥粉末的温度及熔化焓。将这些特性与起始商用单纯舒马曲坦的热分析图相比较。将舒马曲坦熔化焓归一化到每一组成成分的药物鉴定中并且以焦耳每克舒马曲坦给定。该结果概括于表3中。
表3.舒马曲坦制剂的DSC
样本 | Tm(℃) | ΔHm(J/gFF) |
单纯舒马曲坦 | 176 | 450 |
实例1: | 158 | 55 |
实例2: | 157 | 28 |
实例3: | 152 | 6 |
实例4: | 146 | 5 |
如由表3可见,单纯结晶舒马曲坦在450J/g的熔化焓下展示出约176℃的吸热峰。相比之下,根据本发明将舒马曲坦引入聚合物-舒马曲坦复合体以及其与聚合物和其他成分的相互作用导致药物融合峰值的明显降低。实例1和实例2中所描述的组成成分对应地展示出8-16倍折减,并且实例3和实例4的制剂中的药物相比大部分起始舒马曲坦展示出75-91倍的焓。更具体地,DSC数据说明针对实例1中所描述的固态分散体舒马曲坦焓的6倍折减。最大程度的相互作用体现为舒马曲坦与泊咯沙姆407、NaCMC、淀粉和KH2PO4之比为2:4:1:1:1.5(实例3和实例4),其中仅观测了药物的残余峰。本发明的组成成分的向温曲线还指出舒马曲坦与聚合物和弱酸的强相互作用。实例1-4中的熔融温度从176℃降至146℃。
XRD分析显示原材料结晶舒马曲坦在2θ的大部分特征峰7.3°、14.6°、17.4°、18.7°和19.0°在本发明的组成成分中得以保持。
实例8:舒马曲坦透过人体口腔膜的渗透率
使用方法部分中所描述的EpiOralTM口腔组织测试从本发明的组成成分(实例3)释放的API(原形)的单纯舒马曲坦和商用制剂的渗透率。EpiOralTM口腔组织由常规人源性上皮细胞组成,所述细胞已经培养来形成人体口腔表型的多层高度分化模型。舒马曲坦(STP)渗透率结果概括于表4和图2中,图2显示用于测试浓度为7.5mg/ml的悬浮于0.5ml人工唾液中的三种舒马曲坦样本透过人体口腔组织的体外渗透率的Franz扩散池实验
(1)非制剂舒马曲坦(方形)
(2)含有舒马曲坦API(三角形)的鼻用喷雾和
(3)实施例的舌下腺制剂(参见实例3)(圆形)。
表4。渗透性试验
以上的数据清晰地展现出从本发明的组成成分释放的舒马曲坦相比原材料STP或商用STP制剂具有更佳的透过口腔膜的通量率。事实上,在不使用渗透促进剂的情况下,本发明的组成成分中的舒马曲坦扩散系数有所增长。此观测是令人惊讶并且完全出乎意料的。
实例9:具有高的舒马曲坦载入量的制剂的制备
泊咯沙姆407(2.8g)、NaCMC(1.0g)、改性淀粉(2.9g)、Avicel PH 101(0.6g)、rebaten(3.0g)在57℃于300rpm的搅拌下溶于100ml的水中。舒马曲坦(11.5g)和KH2PO4(7.0g)在55℃于300rpm的搅拌下溶于100ml的水中并且添加至聚合物溶液。使用具有145℃进风温度和65℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得的清透淡黄色均匀的热(50-55℃)溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而获得粉末。
实例10:舌下片剂与有效剂量25、50和75mg舒马曲坦的制备
首先使实例4中所描述的本发明的组成成分与表5中第1部分中所列的赋形剂混合,接着将第2部分的赋形剂添加至该混合物,混合在一起并且压制为图3中所示的片剂。这些片剂为平坦的矩形形式,以为适应下舌腔,并且在需要转化粘液质递药的舌下具有相当短的分解和溶解时间(5-7min)。将掩味剂(即,甜味剂)(三氯蔗糖、rebaten)、香精(香草精)和薄荷醇添加至片剂合成物中以便掩盖舒马曲坦的苦味。
表5.片剂成分
实例11:舌下舒马曲坦片剂的溶解
每一剂量中6个片剂在缓冲pH 6.8(人工唾液)、旋转速度100rpm及温度37℃经溶解测试。结果概括于表6和图4中,图4显示舒马曲坦扁方舌下片与有效剂量25mg(菱形)和75mg(正方形)人工唾液的溶出曲线。
表6。舒马曲坦舌下片溶解
实例12:舒马曲坦舌下颗粒的制备
使用小型片剂冲压机和模具将实例4中所描述的组成地方性压缩为尺寸为1mm的颗粒。所得颗粒在1-2分钟内溶于人工唾液中。
实例13:大麻二酚与泊咯沙姆407、NaCMC和淀粉的制剂
药物溶液:在25℃于300rpm的搅拌下将大麻二酚(1.0g)溶于25g正丙醇中。
聚合物溶液:在57℃于300rpm的搅拌下将泊咯沙姆407(2.0g)、NaCMC(0.5g)、淀粉(0.5g)和甘露醇(0.5g)溶于50ml水中。
在55℃于300rpm的搅拌下将药物溶液以2ml/min的喂料速率添加至聚合物溶液。使用具有105℃进风温度和62℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得的清透均匀的热(50-55℃)溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而获得粉末。
实例14:从大麻二酚制剂获得的水分散液的粒度
实例13中所描述的产生的粉末已如方法部分中描述般悬浮于去离子水中。将实例13的包括大麻二酚-聚合物制剂的粉末转化为具有纳米级粒度的胶态分散液。该结果概括于表7中。
表7.实例13的大麻二酚制剂的粒度测量
实例15:大麻二酚合成物的溶出率
单纯大麻二酚(CBD)和本发明(实例13)的合成物在200ml的禁食状态模拟肠液(FaSSIF)中经溶解测试。载药量为20mg。所得结果概括于表7和图5中,图5显示来自实施例(参见实例13)的SoluCBDTM制剂的大麻二酚API(三角形)与唾液中的单纯大麻二酚(菱形)的溶出曲线。
表8.大麻二酚合成物的溶出曲线
时间 | 单纯CBD | 实例13: |
0 | 0 | 0 |
10 | 1.7 | 71.1 |
20 | 2.7 | 78.6 |
30 | 3.8 | 84.8 |
45 | 5.2 | 86.5 |
60 | 6.3 | 86.3 |
90 | 8.2 | 89.7 |
如由实例14和实例15可见,高表面面积和与聚合物的相互作用速度释放并且增加活性化合物的饱和溶解度。合成物(实例14)的FaSSIF的溶出率比单纯CBD化合物的溶出率高11倍。
实例16:阿瑞匹坦与泊咯沙姆407、NaCMC和PVP的制剂
药物溶液:在50℃于300rpm的搅拌下将阿瑞匹坦(1.4g)溶于80g正丙醇中。
聚合物溶液:在50℃于300rpm的搅拌下将泊咯沙姆(2.0g)、NaCMC(1.4g)和PVP(0.14g)溶于50ml水中。
在55℃于300rpm的搅拌下将药物溶液以2ml/min的喂料速率添加至聚合物溶液。使用具有108℃进风温度和58℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得的清透均匀的热(50-55℃)溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而获得结晶粉末。图6显示来自实施例的制剂的阿瑞匹坦API(上频谱)和单纯阿瑞匹坦(下频谱)的XRD(X射线)衍射频谱,证明本制剂中阿瑞匹坦的晶体性质。
实例17:阿瑞匹坦制剂的热性能
通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定用作单纯化合物和喷雾干燥粉末的阿瑞匹坦的温度及熔化焓。本发明的组成成分中阿瑞匹坦的熔化温度为230.3℃,并且焓为54.9J/g。这些值基本上低于单纯阿瑞匹坦的值(254.3℃ and 109.2J/g)。
实例18:阿瑞匹坦溶出率
将从本申请的实施例的粉末状制剂释放的阿瑞匹坦的溶出率与商用制剂的溶出率进行比较,其中阿瑞匹坦呈现为纳米晶体形态。图7显示来自实施例的制剂的阿瑞匹坦API(参见实例16)(正方形)与来自商用颗粒制剂的阿瑞匹坦API的溶出曲线,其中阿瑞匹坦呈现为纳米晶体形态(菱形)。所使用的溶解条件类似于由FDA提出的条件。图8显示来自实施例的制剂在禁食状态模拟态肠液(FaSSIF)的阿瑞匹坦API(参见实例16)(正方形)与来自商用颗粒制剂的阿瑞匹坦API的溶出曲线,其中阿瑞匹坦呈现为纳米晶体形态(菱形)。来自实施例的合成物的阿瑞匹坦的释放率类似于于2.2%月桂酸硫酸钠中的商业纳米制剂(参见图7)。然而,发现来自实施例的制剂的阿瑞匹坦的释放率高于FaSSIF(参见图8),从而证实相比商用制剂提高了药物溶解度。
实例19:四氢大麻酚的口腔粘膜制剂
药物溶液:在30℃于300rpm的搅拌下将四氢大麻酚(THC)(1.0g)和D-生育酚聚乙二醇(1g)抗氧化剂溶解于8g乙醇中。
聚合物溶液:在57℃于300rpm的搅拌下将泊咯沙姆407(2.0g)、NaCMC(1.0g)、可溶性淀粉(1.0g)和甜菊醇(1.0g)的混合物溶于40ml水中。将0.5g微晶纤维素添加至所获得的干净溶液中。
在45℃温度下于300rpm的搅拌下将药物溶液以2ml/min的喂料速率添加至聚合物溶液。使用具有105℃进风温度和62℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得的清透均匀的溶液自热(50-55℃)溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而获得粉末。
实例20:从THC制剂获得的水分散液的粒度
实例19中所描述的产生的粉末已如方法部分中描述般悬浮于去离子水中。将实例19的包括THC-聚合物制剂的粉末转化为具有纳米级粒度的胶态分散液。该结果概括于表9中。
表9.THC制剂的粒度测量结果
实例21:生物可用性药动学研究,比较健康志愿受试者体内的舒马曲坦转化粘液质舌下片与商用舒马曲坦口含片
在3个禁食状态的健康志愿受试者体内以每种药物单一剂量来进行随机化的双向交叉对比生物可用性研究。第一次给药后一周,志愿受试者根据预定的随机化表接受替代治疗。在下一种产品给药之前保持周期间7天的清洗。每一周期中于0、5、15、30、45、60、90和120分钟时收集血样本,以便表示药物药动学曲线:Tmax、Cmax和AUCt(浓度-时间曲线自0到确定的时间t的面积,参数在提及血浆浓度水平时用作人体的药物接触指数,并且很大程度上依赖于进入体循环中的药物量)。通过LC-MS/MS方法对这些样本进行舒马曲坦含量分析。志愿受试者报告,在5-7分钟内75mg的舒马曲坦舌下片在舌下分解。下面在表10中展示测试所获得的药动学参数和参考产品。
表10.患者体内的舒马曲坦药动学参数
三个志愿受试者的平均药动学曲线和测试给药之后每个志愿受试者的药动学曲线以及参考产品分别呈现在图9和10中。具体地,图9显示在舒马曲坦舌下片给药后舒马曲坦(三个志愿受试者的血浆舒马曲坦平均值)与交叉临床试验中的药动学曲线。图10显示在舒马曲坦舌下片给药后舒马曲坦(每个志愿受试者的独立曲线)与交叉临床试验中的药动学曲线
如由表10和图10可见,舒马曲坦舌下片和产品的Tmax和Cmax相似。试验药物的AUC0-2h比参考药物的高124%,这表示相比于舒马曲坦舌下片具有相似或更佳的生物可用性。有趣的是,如图9和10中所见的每个志愿受试者的平均舒马曲坦血浆值和独立值分别展示从给药起前30分钟内在舌下片给药后舒马曲坦浓度的即时增加,这在给药后不存在。血浆舒马曲坦浓度的即时增加暗示快速透粘膜吸收,这仅在转化粘液质片剂给药后观察到。随后跟随着Cmax的最初增长,体现了肠道吸收,这在转化粘液质和口服制剂中可见。
在转化粘液质片剂之后血浆浓度的即时增加类似于鼻腔制剂(Obaidi等人,Headache 2013),然而相比鼻腔给药具有更高的舒马曲坦浓度,即在15-30分钟之间,舒马曲坦浓度在转化粘液质给药后达到平均18ng/ml,而鼻腔制剂在此时间点达到10ng/ml。因归因于血浓度的快速增加,经报告鼻腔制剂更快起效(Fuseau等人药物处置2002),这些结果暗示舒马曲坦舌下片舒缓头痛的起效迅速。
实例22:舒马曲坦转化粘液质舌下片的抗偏头痛效果
一个患有慢性偏头痛的49岁女性患者长期使用20mg鼻腔喷雾和100-mg口含片。一个患有慢性偏头痛的49岁女性患者长期使用20mg鼻腔喷雾和100-mg口含片。患者抱怨片剂起效迟缓并且鼻腔成本高昂并且抗痛效果不够稳健,因为在给药2小时后,二次疼痛频繁出现。患者在有疼痛痉挛预兆后的偏头痛后期服用75mg本申请的实施例的舒马曲坦舌下片。
报告的结果:患者报告,片剂在7分钟时溶解于舌下,并且在15分钟内疼痛得以缓解。不会出现二次疼痛。
实例23:交叉生物可用性研究设计,比较健康志愿受试者体内的THC/CBD舌下片与商用THC/CBD口腔黏膜喷雾
20个健康志愿受试者将在禁食条件下随机接受等剂量的商用口腔黏膜喷雾或实施例的CBD/THC口腔黏膜舌下片剂。首次给药10天后,志愿受试者将接受替代治疗。将在每次预剂量时和在给药后0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、3、4、6、8、12、24、36和48小时收集血样本。在观察中,通过收集所有样本,志愿受试者将在给药后留在临床单位。
实例24:氢化波尼松与泊咯沙姆407、NaCMC和甘露醇的制剂
药物溶液:在300rpm的搅拌下将氢化波尼松(1.0g)溶于20.4g乙醇和16.4g丙酮的混合物中。
聚合物溶液:在45℃于300rpm的搅拌下将NaCMC(1.0g)、甘露醇(0.5g)以及泊咯沙姆407(2.0g)溶于水(50g)中。
在45℃于300rpm的搅拌下将药物溶液以10ml/min的喂料速率添加至聚合物溶液使用具有92℃进风温度和64℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得的透明溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而产生散粒粉末。相比原材料,制得的粉末的溶解度增加了1.5倍。
实例25:胰岛素与EDTA、泊咯沙姆407和NaCMC的制剂
在45℃温度下于300rpm的搅拌下将NaCMC(600mg)、泊咯沙姆407(10mg)和EDTA(1200mg)溶于水(30g)中。胰岛素粉末(96mg)分散于溶液中,加热至38℃并且与9.8g乙醇混合10min。使用具有81℃进风温度和57℃出风温度的步琦小型喷雾干燥仪对所得乳白色溶液进行喷雾干燥,从而产生散粒粉末。将所产生的粉末悬浮于去离子水中并且测量粒度分布。所得粒度平均为566nm。
实例26:胰岛素透过人体口腔膜的渗透性的研究设计
将使用方法部分中所描述的EpiOralTM口腔组织来测试原材料Zn胰岛素和从本发明(实例24)的纳米颗粒组成成分释放的API(原形)的渗透性EpiOralTM口腔组织由常规人源性上皮细胞组成,所述细胞已经培养来形成人体口腔表型的多层高度分化模型。将在0、3、9、12、15、20、40和60min测试渗透的胰岛素的试验。
尽管本文中已说明并描述本申请的某些特征,许多修改、替代、变化和等效物对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。因此,应理解,所附权利要求书意欲在本申请的实际精神范围内涵盖所有此类修改和变化。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于经粘膜和口腔粘膜给药的活性亲脂性化合物药物组合物,所述组合物包括:
(a)亲脂性活性化合物;
(b)由两种或多种水溶性聚合物形成的聚合物基质,
其中,
(i)所述两种或更多种水溶性聚合物中的至少一种是两亲聚合物,并且所述两种或更多种水溶性聚合物中的至少一种是亲水聚合物或具有不同于第一种两亲聚合物的疏水性-亲水平衡的两亲性聚合物;和
(ii)所述聚合物基质不是交联的,并且在所述两种或更多种聚合物之间以及所述聚合物和所述亲脂活性化合物之间不发生共价相互作用,所述聚合物和所述亲脂活性化合物与所述聚合物基质交织;和
(c)快速溶解剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述亲脂性活性化合物选自镇痛剂、抗炎剂、抗蠕虫剂、抗心律失常剂、抗菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗凝血剂、抗抑郁剂、抗癫痫药、抗真菌药、抗痛风药、抗高血压药、抗疟药、抗偏头痛药、抗毒蕈碱药、抗肿瘤药、化疗药、抗增殖剂、勃起功能障碍改善剂、免疫抑制剂、抗原生动物药、抗甲状腺剂、抗焦虑剂、镇静剂、催眠药、神经松弛剂、β受体阻滞剂、心肌收缩剂、皮质类固醇、利尿剂、抗帕金森病药、胃肠剂、组胺受体拮抗剂、角质层分离剂、血管调节剂、抗心绞痛药、Cox-2抑制剂、白三烯抑制剂、大环内酯类、肌肉松弛剂、营养剂、阿片类镇痛剂、蛋白酶抑制剂、性激素、兴奋剂、肌肉松弛剂、抗骨质疏松剂、抗肥胖剂、认知增强剂、抗尿失禁剂、抗良性前列腺肥大剂、必需脂肪酸、非必需脂肪酸及其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述亲脂性活性化合物选自乙酰胆碱、阿昔洛韦、阿苯达唑、沙丁胺醇、阿莫曲普坦、氨鲁米特、胺碘酮、氨氯地平、安非他明、两性霉素B、安普那韦、阿瑞吡坦、阿托伐他汀、阿托伐醌、阿奇霉素、、倍氯米松、贝那普利、苯佐那酯、倍他米松、比卡他尼、布地奈德、安非他酮、白消安、布替萘芬、骨化二醇、钙泊三醇、骨化三醇、喜树碱、坎地沙坦、大麻二酚、辣椒素、卡马西平、胡萝卜素、头孢克肟、头孢呋辛酯片、塞来普布、西立伐他汀、西替利嗪、扑尔敏、氯卡西醇、西洛他唑、西咪替丁、桂利嗪、环丙沙星、西沙必利、克拉霉素、氯马斯汀、克罗米酚、氯米帕明、氯吡格雷、可待因、辅酶Q10、环苯扎林、环孢菌素、达那唑、丹曲林、地塞米松、双氯芬酸、双香豆素、地高辛、脱氢表雄酮、双氢速甾醇、地红霉素、多奈哌齐、恩莫单抗、依法韦仑、依来曲普坦、依普罗沙坦、钙化醇、麦角胺、必需脂肪酸来源、依托度酸、依托泊苷、法莫替丁、大麻二酚、芬太尼、非索非那定、非那雄胺、氟康唑、氟比洛芬、氟伐他汀、磷苯妥英、曲罗坦、fuirazolidone、加巴喷丁吉非罗齐、格列本脲、格列吡嗪、格列本脲、格列美脲、灰黄霉素、卤泛群、氢化可的松、布洛芬、茚地那韦、厄贝沙坦、伊立替康、硝酸异山梨酯、异维A酸、伊曲康唑、依维菌素、酮康唑、酮咯酸、拉莫三嗪、兰索拉唑、来氟米特、利多卡因、赖诺普利、洛哌丁胺、氯雷他定、左旋甲状腺素、叶黄素、番茄红素、甲羟孕酮、米非司酮、甲氟喹、甲地孕酮、美沙酮、甲氧沙林、甲硝唑、咪康唑、咪达唑仑、米格列醇、米诺地尔、米托蒽醌、孟鲁司特、吗啡、萘丁美酮、纳布啡、那拉曲坦、奈非那韦、硝苯地平、呋喃妥因、尼扎替丁、奥美拉唑、oprevelkin、雌二醇、奥沙普秦罗哌卡因、瑞格列奈、利福布丁、利福喷汀、利美索龙、ritanovir、利福昔明、利福昔明、利福喷丁、利福喷丁、利福布汀、帕罗西汀、利塞曲坦、罗格列酮、沙奎那韦、舍曲林、西布曲明、西地那非、西地那非、西伐他汀、西罗莫司、螺内酯、舒马曲坦、svitriptan、他克林、他克莫司、他莫昔芬、坦洛新、蓓萨罗丁、他扎罗汀、替米沙坦、替尼泊苷、特比萘芬、特拉唑嗪、四氢大麻酚、托吡酯、拓扑替康、托瑞米芬、曲马多、维甲酸、曲格列酮、曲伐沙星、可接受的盐、异构体及其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述亲脂性活性化合物是选自四氢大麻酚(THC)和大麻二酚(CBD)的大麻素;或选自阿莫曲普坦、依来曲普坦、法罗曲普坦、那拉曲坦、利扎曲普坦、舒马曲坦、斯维普坦、佐米曲普坦、芬太尼、吗啡、oxibutonine、曲马多、阿瑞匹坦、睾酮、泼尼松龙、西地那非、奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑、泮托拉唑和胰高血糖素的曲普坦药物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述快速溶解剂为甘露醇、stevinol、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)或其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其进一步包含一种或多种可供选择的且药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、添加剂或其组合,其中所述添加剂选自缓冲剂或pH调节剂、味道掩蔽剂和崩解剂,并且其中所述味道掩蔽剂选自甜味剂、精油和普通风味剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其中独立地所述缓冲剂是KH2PO4,所述崩解剂是交联淀粉、交联羧甲基纤维素钠或交联淀粉,并且所述味道掩蔽剂是三氯蔗糖、锑醇、薄荷醇和任选的香草醛的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述两亲聚合物选自聚环氧乙烷(PEO)、PEO衍生物、泊洛沙姆、泊洛沙胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素、邻苯二甲酸羟丙甲纤维素、琥珀酸羟丙甲纤维素、聚丙烯酸酯、乙二醇(PEG)共聚物、PEO/聚丙二醇共聚物、PEG改性淀粉、乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物、聚丙烯酸共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸共聚物、植物蛋白和蛋白质水解产物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述亲水性聚合物选自淀粉、可溶性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠(NaCMC)、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖和角叉菜胶。
10.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中
(i)两种聚合物形成聚合物基质,其中一种聚合物是两亲聚合物,另一种为亲水聚合物;
(ii)三种聚合物形成聚合物基质,其中两种聚合物是两亲聚合物,另一种聚合物是亲水聚合物;或者
(iii)三种聚合物形成聚合物基质,其中一种聚合物是两亲聚合物,另外两种是亲水聚合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的药物组合物,其中所述两亲聚合物是泊洛沙姆407或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),且所述亲水聚合物是羧甲基纤维素钠(NaCMC)或可溶性淀粉。
12.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其具有以下含量:
(i)舒马普坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC和甘露醇;
(ii)舒马曲坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC、可溶性淀粉和甘露糖醇;
(iii)大麻二酚、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC和甘露糖醇;
(iv)阿瑞匹坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC和甘露醇;
(v)四氢大麻酚、D-α-生育酚、聚乙二醇、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC、可溶性淀粉和stevinol;
(vi)泼尼松龙、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC和甘露醇;或者
(vii)胰岛素、EDTA、泊洛沙姆407和NaCMC。
13.根据权利要求6的药物组合物,其具有以下含量:
(i)舒马普坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC、甘露醇和KH2PO4;或
(ii)舒马普坦、泊洛沙姆407、NaCMC、可溶性淀粉、甘露醇、steinol和KH2PO4。
14.根据权利要求1所述的组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
i)将所述两种或多种聚合物以及所述亲脂活性化合物或者水与一种或多种有机溶剂的混合物中,以制备一种澄清且均匀的混合溶液;和
ii)干燥所获得的澄清和均匀的溶液,优选通过喷雾干燥,从而形成干粉。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,步骤(i)中所述的澄清且均匀的溶液是通过将溶解在一种或多种有机溶剂中的亲脂活性化合物加入一种聚合物的水溶液和快速溶解剂中获得的,其中所述一种有机溶剂与水混溶,并且当将含有所述亲脂活性化合物的所得有机溶液添加到所述聚合物溶液中时不引起所述聚合物的沉淀。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述有机溶剂是乙酸、乙腈、丙酮、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、1,4-二噁烷、乙醇、甲酸、甲醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、甲基乙基酮、2-甲基-1-丙醇、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、1-戊醇、N-丙醇、2-丙醇、四氢呋喃、N-丙醇和丙酮的混合物、或乙醇和水的混合物。
17.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述根据舌下或颊粘膜固体剂型制备而成的药物混合物选自胶囊、片剂、珠、颗粒、丸剂、颗粒、颗粒、粉末、丸剂、小袋、锭剂、盘、膜、口服混悬剂和气溶胶。
18.权利要求17的药物组合物,其中所述舌下或颊粘膜固体剂型是片剂。
19.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述亲脂性活性化合物在与水性介质接触时处于可溶形式或胶体分散体形式。
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EP3368084A4 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
US20170119660A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
EP3368084A1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
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