CN108602436B - 用于电动车辆用的感应式充电线圈的线缆的辗压保护 - Google Patents
用于电动车辆用的感应式充电线圈的线缆的辗压保护 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于感应式充电系统的初级线圈单元(1),其中,所述初级线圈单元包括初级线圈(2)、控制单元、壳体和供电线缆(3),其中,所述初级线圈包括用于供电线缆的线缆通道(4),所述线缆通道能与壳体连接,以便建立线缆‑壳体‑连接,并且所述控制单元设置用于电监控所述线缆‑壳体‑连接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于感应式充电系统的初级线圈单元,其中,所述初级线圈单元包括初级线圈、控制单元、壳体和供电线缆。
背景技术
本发明处于给车辆的可充电电池进行感应式充电的领域。车辆、特别是具有电驱动装置的车辆包括用于储存电能的可充电电池。用于给车辆的电池自动地、无线缆地、感应式充电的方案在于,通过磁感应,以桥接车辆的底部自由空间的方式将电能从车辆外部的地面传递至车辆的底部,以便给电池充电。车辆包括在车辆底部区域中的所谓的次级线圈,初级线圈单元处于车辆的外部,车辆应以次级线圈相对于初级线圈单元定位以用于充电。初级线圈单元也可以被称作基础单元或者地面单元,因为初级线圈单元以适当的方式与地基、例如停车场连接,例如参见文献DE102007033654A1。
仅当为了充电将次级线圈相对于初级线圈单元精确定位、亦即精确度为几个厘米的范围内时,才能达到高的充电效率。根据文献DE1020122016660A1,车辆的使用者在停放时通过技术方法辅助支持,以便达到精确的定位。
在简单的感应式充电系统中对于使用者能实现将初级线圈单元本身例如安装在家庭范围内的停放位置中。在现有技术中描述了初级线圈单元的机械式地面固定的各种可能性,例如参见DE102013221648A1。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,提供一种经改进的用于感应式充电系统的初级线圈单元,其中,所述初级线圈单元包括初级线圈、控制单元、初级线圈的壳体和用于初级线圈的供电线缆。特别是应能实现初级线圈单元的可靠的家庭安装。
该任务通过根据本发明所述的用于感应式充电系统的初级线圈单元来解决。按照本发明,初级线圈包括用于供电线缆的线缆通道,并且供电线缆与初级线圈的连接仅在供电线缆在线缆通道的内部延伸时才是可能的,其中,所述线缆通道能与壳体连接,以便建立线缆-壳体-连接,并且其中,所述控制单元设置用于电监控所述线缆-壳体-连接。在初级线圈单元已安装的情况下初级线圈的供电线缆延伸在线缆通道中,该线缆通道安装在初级线圈单元的壳体上。在线缆通道正确地安装在壳体上以及供电线缆正确地安装在初级线圈上的情况下,供电线缆仅能在线缆通道的内部延伸。这通过如下方式得到保证:通过通道“收缩软管状地”围住线缆,否则供电线缆不可能连接在线缆通道上。因此如果线缆没有被通道围住,则要么通道不能固定在壳体上要么线缆不能固定在初级线圈上。通过控制单元能电气地检测通道-壳体-连接。这可以通过如下方式进行:初级线圈的控制电子机构通过开关检测,通道是否夹在初级线圈上。备选于开关地可以在通道上使用具有磁性元件的霍尔元件,以用于感知已连接的通道。附加地可以由控制单元检测线缆与初级线圈的连接。
按照本发明的一种优选的变形方案,感应式充电系统包括这种初级线圈单元和次级线圈,所述次级线圈能集成到车辆中。
因此,按照本发明的初级线圈单元可以是感应式充电系统的组成部分,所述感应式充电系统还包括次级线圈,该次级线圈能集成到车辆中。
此外有利的是,所述车辆配备有这种感应式充电系统的次级线圈,并且所述车辆或者所述感应式充电系统包括确定器件,通过该确定器件能确定初级线圈单元相对于次级线圈在空间上的相对位置。
用于确定位置的确定器件可以是无线电天线系统,该无线电天线系统按照三角测量法的原理工作。例如车辆或者次级线圈可以包括两个发射天线,这两个发射天线分别发射定义了的电磁定位信号。两个接收器可处于初级线圈的区域中,以便探测例如相应发射的信号的磁场矢量的强度和方向。借助于所探测到的场强能确定初级线圈相对于次级线圈的相对位置。
按照本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式,为了将能量感应式地从初级线圈向次级线圈传递,车辆能相对于初级线圈单元定位在预先给定的充电位置中,在该充电位置中车辆的纵向方向基本上平行于线缆通道的定向设置并且线缆通道的长度至少大于次级线圈在车辆的纵向方向上相对于距离次级线圈最近的车轴的间距。
这意味着,在车辆的预先给定的充电位置中,线缆通道沿x方向相对于车辆占据确定的最小长度。线缆在通道的内部至少以这个长度远离初级线圈单元。
按照本发明的另一种变形方案,为了由车辆到达充电位置,通过确定器件能确定初级线圈单元相对于次级线圈在空间上的相对位置,其中,车辆包括显示器件并且在初级线圈相对于次级线圈占据这样的在空间上的相对位置,即,从该位置出发仅能通过带有不止一次移动的机动操纵到达充电位置时,通过所述显示器件进行显示。
由此确保有效地保护线缆通道并且进而保护供电线缆免遭车辆的车轮辗过。此外,通过线缆通道的长度与在相关车辆的底部区域中次级线圈的位置的关系确保,供电线缆的敞露的、不处于线缆通道中的部分同样得到保护免遭辗过。基于线缆通道的长度,供电线缆从线缆通道出来由线缆通道的背离初级线圈的一侧如此远地远离车轴,使得仅当线缆在通道的外部朝向初级线圈被“引回”时才可能被辗过。此外,通过确定次级线圈相对于初级线圈的位置在车辆接近到充电位置时,当不能以一次移动、亦即以一次唯一的操纵在向前行驶中在转向运动的情况下到达充电位置时,能向使用者进行显示。这应防止车辆使用者在初级线圈单元的区域中的调车并且利用引入对初级线圈的反复驶近确保提前调车。在初级线圈的区域中的调车隐藏着增大辗过线缆通道的风险和/或辗过敞露的、从线缆通道出来而敞露的线缆端部的风险。
总体上,线缆通道的长度与在车辆的底部区域中次级线圈的集成结构空间的关系以及预定的充电位置与在向前行驶中以一次移动对占据充电位置的辅助支持相结合防止如下可能性:线缆通道本身或者供电线缆的从线缆通道出来的、背离初级线圈的端部被车辆的车轮辗过。按照这种方式极为有效地降低初级线圈单元的磨损并且提高初级线圈单元的功能可靠性。
本发明基于以下所阐述的考虑:在给PHEV车辆和BEV车辆感应式充电时,看来可以实施如下的感应式充电系统,在该感应式充电系统中,由在地面上的初级线圈向在车辆的底部上的次级线圈感应式地传递能量。为了在小的充电功率的范围内成本优化地实现这种系统,存在如下解决方案,这些解决方案能使完全的初级侧的操控电子机构集成到初级线圈中。这能通过家庭常见的电流插头将系统简单地连接到插座上。由此,安装成本是非常低的。充电地点的更换、例如在使用者搬家或者车辆卖给另一个使用者的情况下也能以初级侧的最小迁移耗费实现。
因为无需电工技术的基础知识以用于在家庭常见的电源上安装初级侧,因此能针对性地实现在没有电工技术的专业人员情况下的安装或者说由非电工技术专业人员的安装。当通过非专业人员安装初级侧时,并不无问题地保证每个安全性方面都被严格地注意。因此,例如可能会这样铺设连接线缆,使得在驶入和驶出停车位时对连接线缆的定期辗压导致线缆的损坏。这导致线缆的过早磨损。在极端情况下也可能会对于逗留在连接线缆区域中的用户或者其他人产生电击的危险。这与充电与否无关。
设想确保安全铺设连接线缆的措施。将防辗压的线缆通道安装到初级线圈上。所述结构这样构造,使得连接线缆必须通过通道引导。此外,传感器监控是否连接有通道。如果不存在通道,则禁止充电并且在初级线圈上或者在车辆中的相应故障显示表明不正确的安装。附加地为了辅助支持驶近充电地点、亦即装配有初级线圈的地方,并且为了监控车辆相对于初级线圈的相对位置而实施相对位置确定,该相对位置确定在到达目标位置之前几米已经投入使用。通过感应式充电系统的这种位置确定,在驶近停放位置时监控,是否避开连接线缆可能被辗压的区域。初级线圈包含关于充电线缆定位的信息并且车辆包含关于在车辆上的次级线圈的位置的信息。由此能确定这样的区域,该区域在停放过程中可能导致线缆或者说线缆通道的辗压。这显示给驾驶者并且可选地接下去禁止充电。由此,在初级线圈投入运行之前强制要求用户正确安装具有连接线缆的初级线圈。
两个措施以组合方式确保可由非电工技术专业人员安装的感应式充电系统的正确安装和正确运行。由此实现系统的低磨损以及对于用户和第三方来说防危险的安装。
附图说明
以下借助附图描述本发明的优选的实施例。由此得出本发明的其它细节、优选的实施方式和进一步改进方案。图1示意性地详细示出感应式充电系统和由车辆对充电位置的占据。
具体实施方式
图1示出感应式充电系统的初级线圈单元1。所述初级线圈单元包括初级线圈2、初级线圈的壳体以及用于初级线圈的供电线缆3。初级线圈单元适合于由用户安装在家庭范围内。例如考虑家庭车库或者家庭停放位置的地面区域。通过初级线圈单元的结构和初级线圈单元的使用,应能实现对于感应充电运行而言专业且可靠的安装。
这通过线缆通道4实现。供电线缆应通过线缆通道引导。供电线缆的一个端部朝向初级线圈,另一个端部具有插头9,该插头可以构造为用于230伏保险插座10的保险插头。
此外,初级线圈单元具有控制装置。通过控制装置能监控,线缆通道是否与壳体连接。这能通过监控电路进行,当线缆通道没有按照规定地与壳体连接时,则该监控电路中断。在该状态下感应式充电系统的充电运行被控制单元阻止。充电运行本来仅在供电线缆与初级线圈连接时才是可能的。在按照规定在线缆通道与壳体之间建立连接的情况下,供电线缆与初级线圈的连接仅在线缆在线缆通道的内部延伸时才是可能的。在线缆在通道的外部延伸时,所述线缆肯定会被线缆通道-壳体-连接挤压或者说由于线缆的厚度和线缆通道-壳体-连接的配合精度,这种挤压不可能不损坏线缆。
线缆通道在按照规定的安装中指向方向x'。该线缆通道具有长度d'。
在车辆6中,次级线圈5集成在底部区域中。初级线圈单元和次级线圈构成感应式充电系统,利用该感应式充电系统能无接触地给车辆的高伏电池充电。
为了感应式的充电,车辆必须相对于初级线圈单元占据这样的充电位置,在该充电位置中,次级线圈和初级线圈尽可能在x方向和y方向上没有错位的情况下对置。在此,x方向表示车辆的纵轴线并且y方向表示车辆的横轴线。
车辆具有无线电发射器或者无线电接收器,该无线电发射器或者无线电接收器与初级线圈单元的无线电接收器或者无线电发射器通信。通过所述无线电系统能在车辆的控制仪与初级线圈单元的控制单元之间交换数据。特别是借助于无线电系统进行车辆的位置确定并且进而进行次级线圈相对于初级线圈单元的位置确定。所述位置确定能在车辆接近于初级线圈单元期间实时进行。详细地,通过三角测量法进行所述位置确定,其方式为,在接收部位处在方向和强度方面测量电磁场矢量,并且借助于该测量来计算发射器和接收器的相对位置。该计算由车辆的控制仪实施。位置确定作为主要的输入参量用于计算在向前行驶中由当前确定的车辆位置到充电位置中的行驶轨迹8。充电位置通过以箭头标记的轨迹的终点给出。
行驶轨迹能通过显示器件7显示给车辆驾驶者。此外,在控制仪中存储车辆的转弯特性。控制仪借助于该转弯特性确定车辆是否能遵循轨迹。如果车辆无法行驶该轨迹,则这同样显示给驾驶者,例如利用在仪表板中的提示。同时要求驾驶者将车辆远离初级线圈单元并且引入向充电位置的重新驶近。
由此防止使用者在初级线圈单元的区域中也许甚至必须进行多次调车操纵,以便到达充电位置。
由此防止在占据充电位置时线缆通道或者甚至从线缆通道的背离初级线圈的端部出来的线缆不必要地被车辆辗过。利用简单的器件能由非专业人员安装的初级线圈单元(在所述初级线圈单元中在安装状态下不同的组件自由地放置在地面区域中),按照所述方式得到极为有效的使用寿命延长并且在运行时确保高的系统安全性。供电线缆特别是通过如下方式得到保护以防被辗过:次级线圈朝向前轴的间距d(通过平行于y方向的由虚线示出)小于线缆通道的长度d'。因此,在已占据充电位置的情况下供电线缆的敞露的部分通过线缆通道如此远地远离初级线圈,使得线缆必须沿着线缆通道并且在线缆通道外部向初级线圈引回,才能到达由车辆的边缘可达到的区域中。
Claims (5)
1.用于感应式充电系统的初级线圈单元(1),其中,所述初级线圈单元包括初级线圈(2)、控制单元、初级线圈的壳体和用于初级线圈的供电线缆(3),
其特征在于,
所述初级线圈单元包括用于供电线缆的线缆通道(4),并且供电线缆与初级线圈的连接仅在供电线缆在线缆通道的内部延伸时才是可能的;
所述线缆通道能与壳体连接,以便建立线缆-壳体-连接;并且
所述控制单元设置用于电监控所述线缆-壳体-连接。
2.感应式充电系统,其包括根据权利要求1所述的初级线圈单元和次级线圈(5),所述次级线圈能集成到车辆(6)中。
3.具有根据权利要求2所述的感应式充电系统的次级线圈的车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆或者所述感应式充电系统包括确定器件,通过该确定器件能确定初级线圈单元相对于次级线圈在空间上的相对位置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆,其特征在于,
-为了感应式地从初级线圈向次级线圈传输能量,所述车辆能相对于初级线圈单元定位在预先给定的充电位置中,
-在充电位置中,所述车辆的纵向方向基本上平行于线缆通道的定向地设置,以及
-线缆通道的长度至少大于次级线圈在车辆的纵向方向上相对于距离该次级线圈最近的车轴的间距。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆,
其特征在于,为了由车辆到达充电位置,确定器件确定初级线圈单元相对于次级线圈在空间上的相对位置,
-所述车辆包括显示器件,以及
在初级线圈相对于次级线圈占据这样的在空间上的相对位置,即,从该相对位置出发仅能通过带有不止一次移动的机动操纵到达充电位置时,通过所述显示器件进行显示。
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