CN108594221A - Vortex electromagnetic wave generation and optimization method based on concentric ring array - Google Patents
Vortex electromagnetic wave generation and optimization method based on concentric ring array Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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Abstract
The invention provides a vortex electromagnetic wave generating and optimizing method based on a concentric ring array, which is based on a multilayer ring array and realizes the aim of generating and optimizing vortex electromagnetic waves by designing a single antenna unit radiation directional diagram, the radius of a ring, the number of rings, the amplitude and the phase of an excitation signal and the like, namely vortex electromagnetic wave beams carrying different orbital angular momentum mode numbers are consistent in direction and have lower side lobe levels. The vortex electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum is generated by utilizing the concentric circular ring array, has distorted phase wavefront, can improve the information modulation dimensionality of the electromagnetic wave, and can promote the improvement of the comprehensive detection capability of the radar when applied to target detection. By optimizing the antenna array configuration, the antenna units and the excitation signals, the invention can enable the generated vortex electromagnetic waves to have higher irradiation efficiency, enhance the anti-interference capability of the vortex electromagnetic waves applied in target detection and provide technical support for the design of a radar system based on the vortex electromagnetic waves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radar target acquisition and radar system technical field, more particularly to it is a kind of based on electromagnetism be vortexed
New system radar design method.
Background technology
Vortex electromagnetic wave is presented helical structure, can modulate institute on it because carrying orbital angular momentum, phase front
Information is needed, the information for enhancing electromagnetic wave is transmitted and acquisition capability.In addition to the classical informations modulation methods such as time domain, frequency domain and polarizing field
Formula, phase front modulation are combined with radar detection, have expedited the emergence of the birth that electromagnetism vortex is imaged this new technology.
In electromagnetism vortex imaging technique, it is a basis and important, different generation that vortex electromagnetic wave, which is led to the problem of,
Method generally corresponds to different imaging models, and the quality for radiating field quality will also directly affect the reconstruction property of target image.
According to electromagnetism vortex image-forming principle (Kang Liu, Yongqiang Cheng, Zhaocheng Yang, Hongqiang Wang,
Yuliang Qin,Xiang Li.Orbital-angular-momentum-based electromagnetic vortex
imaging[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2015,14:711-714.),
The vortex electromagnetic wave of different orbital angular momentum pattern counts is needed to be traversed in imaging process to obtain higher azimuth resolution,
It require that：The vortex electromagnetic wave beam for carrying different orbital angular momentum pattern counts is directed toward unanimously, and with lower secondary lobe electricity
It is flat.Currently, vortex electromagnetic wave production method can be summarized as three classes：When aerial array, i.e., by array configuration and feed
The design of network generates the vortex electromagnetic wave for carrying different orbital angular momentum pattern counts, and wherein Homogeneous Circular array is a kind of allusion quotation
The array configuration of type；Second is that orbital angular momentum antenna, by generating AD HOC to the design of antenna configuration, feeding classification
Vortex electromagnetic wave, including screw type phase tablet, parabolic shape shaped aerial etc.；Third, super surface/Super-material antenna, utilizes
Super surface or Meta Materials realize the modulation to each point electromagnetic radiation phase and amplitude in space.
Towards electromagnetism vortex imaging applications demand, the vortex electromagnetic wave producing method based on aerial array, because of its modulation spirit
The preferred manner living conveniently, with existing phased array system compatibility generated as radar imagery mesoscale eddies electromagnetic wave the features such as strong.
Therefore how to allow generation to meet the multi-modal vortex electromagnetic wave of electromagnetism vortex imaging demand is that the technology of a urgent need to resolve is asked
Topic.
Invention content
The present invention proposes a kind of vortex electromagnetic wave based on donut array and generates and optimization method, using concentric
Circle ring array generates the multi-modal vortex electromagnetic wave for meeting electromagnetism vortex imaging demand.
The present invention is based on multilayer circle ring arrays, by individual antenna unit antenna pattern, annular radii and annulus number
The designs such as mesh, pumping signal amplitude and phase realize that vortex electromagnetic wave generates the target with optimization, that is, carry different track angles
The vortex electromagnetic wave beam of Momentum Model number is directed toward consistent and has lower sidelobe level.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the specific technical solution that the present invention uses is as shown in Figure 1, specifically include following step
Suddenly：
The first step, the design of donut array configuration；
Donut array is formed by multiple concentrics and by the annulus of equidistantly distributed except interior, in each layer of annulus
The antenna polarization direction for being evenly distributed with mutiple antennas unit and all antenna elements requires unanimously.Antenna in each annulus
Element number uniform increments from the inside to the outside.
Second step, pattern function derive；
Derive the antenna pattern function expression of donut array, each layer of circle wherein in donut array
Ring is all made of incrementally phase excitation mode, and each layer of annulus pumping signal range value is parameter to be optimized.
Third walks, object function definition；
The mesh of vortex electromagnetic wave optimization is defined according to desired major lobe of directional diagram orientation angle value and highest sidelobe level value
Scalar functions.
Wherein：Desired major lobe of directional diagram angle, θdesValue is according to donut array outermost layer radius amaxWith generation
Maximum orbital angular momentum pattern count lmaxIt determines, meets relational expression θdes=arcsin [(1.0509lmax+1.1562)/
(kamax)], wherein k indicates wave number；Desired highest sidelobe level value determines by radar imagery application demand, usually can-
Any one value is taken in 15dB to -20dB ranges.
4th step, pumping signal optimization are solved every according to the object function of third step definition using genetic algorithm optimization
One layer of annulus pumping signal range value.
Further, antenna element of the present invention is a kind of planar horn antenna, and material is metallic aluminium.One
Kind of planar horn antenna, including radiating antenna and the waveguide that is connected with radiating antenna, the radiating antenna is cuboid,
The wherein described one end of radiating antenna far from waveguide is set as the square framework of opening, and radiating antenna is in one end of waveguide
Portion is equipped with the rectangle cavity with square framework unicom, the cavity perforation in the internal cavities and radiating antenna of the waveguide.
The waveguide is cuboid.Planar horn antenna provided by the invention has many advantages, such as that size is small, high gain, applies in whirlpool
Rotation electromagnetic wave can obtain lower sidelobe level value in generating.Wherein radiating antenna entirety length, width and height size is respectively 17mm
× 25mm × 25mm, radiating antenna internal cavity length, width and height size are respectively 8mm × 16.9mm × 9mm, waveguide length, width and height size
Respectively 30mm × 22mm × 10mm (as shown in Figure 3).
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The present invention generates the vortex electromagnetic wave for carrying orbital angular momentum, vortex electromagnetic wave tool using donut array
Have the phase front of distortion, can be promoted electromagnetic wave information modulation dimension, in target acquisition application radar can be promoted to integrate
The promotion of detectivity.By the optimization to aerial array configuration, antenna element and pumping signal, the present invention can make production
Raw vortex electromagnetic wave has higher illumination efficiency, and enhances its anti-interference ability applied in target acquisition, to be based on
The radar system design of vortex electromagnetic wave provides technical support.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of donut array configuration schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of antenna element；
In figure：1, radiating antenna；2, waveguide；3, square framework；4, rectangle cavity；
Fig. 4 is the coverage diagram figure of antenna element shown in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is pumping signal range value optimum results；
Fig. 6 be optimization after antenna pattern with pitch angle situation of change.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make technical scheme of the present invention and advantage be more clearly understood, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used for explaining the present invention, and do not have to
It is of the invention in limiting.
The first step, the design of donut array configuration
Donut array is formed by multiple concentrics and by the annulus of equidistantly distributed except interior, in each layer of annulus
The antenna polarization direction for being evenly distributed with mutiple antennas unit and all antenna elements requires unanimously.Antenna in each annulus
Element number uniform increments from the inside to the outside.Donut array configuration schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
Annulus number in donut array is set as H layers, and H is by the vortex electromagnetic wave maximum track angle that needs to generate
Momentum Model number lmaxIt determines, H=lmax.According to working signal frequency, set on same layer annulus between two neighboring antenna element
Away from for operating signal wavelengths λ；H layers of annular radii size are set as ah=h λ, h=1,2 ..., H；According to annular radii and day
Line spacing, h layers of antenna element number, which are calculated, isWhereinIndicate downward round numbers.
Antenna element of the present invention is a kind of planar horn antenna that size is smaller, and material is metallic aluminium.One
Kind of planar horn antenna, including radiating antenna 1 and the waveguide 2 that is connected with radiating antenna 1, the radiating antenna 1 is cuboid
Shape, wherein the one end of the radiating antenna 1 far from waveguide 2 is set as the square framework 3 of opening, radiating antenna 1 is close to waveguide 2
One end be internally provided with the rectangle cavity 4 with square 3 unicom of framework, internal cavities and the radiating antenna 1 of the waveguide 2
Interior cavity perforation.The waveguide 2 is cuboid.Planar horn antenna provided by the invention has small, high gain of size etc.
Advantage, lower sidelobe level value can be obtained in the generation of vortex electromagnetic wave by applying.It is main for antenna element in the present embodiment
Running parameter is set as：Centre frequency 10GHz, the whole length, width and height size of radiating antenna 1 is respectively 17mm × 25mm × 25mm,
1 internal cavity length, width and height size of radiating antenna is respectively 8mm × 16.9mm × 9mm, and 2 length, width and height size of waveguide is respectively 30mm
× 22mm × 10mm (as shown in Figure 3), 67 ° of gain 8dB, H surface wave beam width, 60 ° of E surface waves beam width, corresponding directional diagram letter
Number indicates that θ and φ distinguish representation space pitch angle and azimuth with f (θ, φ).The structural schematic diagram of antenna element such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, Fig. 4 is the coverage diagram figure of antenna element shown in Fig. 3.
Second step, antenna element excitation signal phase is set as φ successively on h layers of annulushn=2 π l (n-1)/Nh, n=
1,2,…,Nh, wherein NhIndicate that antenna number of unit on h layers of annulus, l indicate orbital angular momentum pattern count, pumping signal width
Degree is denoted as Ih, then antenna pattern F (θ, the φ) expression formula for obtaining donut array is
Wherein each layer of annulus pumping signal range value IhFor parameter to be optimized, Jl(kahSin θ) indicate l rank Bezier
Function, k are wave number.
Third walks, object function definition
For radiation pattern synthesis and optimization, it is usually considered as multidimensional nonlinear optimization problem.In optimization process
In, fitness function is object function, and the quality of construction will directly affect optimum results and efficiency.
In the present invention, it is defined according to desired major lobe of directional diagram orientation angle value and desired highest sidelobe level value
The object function of vortex electromagnetic wave optimization.Vortex electromagnetic wave generates the object function F of optimizationfitnessIt is defined as
Wherein θ0And θdesThe main lobe orientation angle value calculated and desired major lobe of directional diagram angle are indicated respectively.α1And α2For
Weight coefficient, the present invention in α1=1, α2=0.2.SLLmaxAnd SLLdesIndicate respectively calculate maximum side petal and it is desired most
High sidelobe level value.Desired major lobe of directional diagram angle, θdesValue is according to donut array outermost layer radius amaxWith generation
Maximum orbital angular momentum pattern count lmaxIt determines, meets relational expression θdes=arcsin [(1.0509lmax+1.1562)/
(kamax)], wherein k indicates wave number；Desired highest sidelobe level value SLLdesIt is determined by radar imagery application demand, usually may be used
Any one value is taken in -15dB to -20dB ranges.
4th step, pumping signal optimization are solved every according to the object function of third step definition using genetic algorithm optimization
One layer of annulus pumping signal range value.
With pumping signal range value IhIt is obtained after calculating antenna pattern F (θ, φ) based on formula (1) for parameter to be optimized
To main lobe orientation angle value and highest sidelobe level value, swashed by the continuous iteration update of genetic algorithm after being substituted into formula (2)
Encourage signal amplitude value.Based on genetic algorithm to pumping signal range value IhIt optimizes, it is simple to make system realize, using " two
Value " optimization method, i.e. pumping signal amplitude value are " 0 " or " 1 ", and specific value is determined by result after optimizing, in the present invention
Specific value condition see Fig. 5.Antenna element excitation signal frequency is set as f=10GHz, two neighboring day on same annulus
Line cell distance is λ, and annulus number is H=10, on each layer of annulus the number of antenna element be followed successively by N=7,13,19,26,
32、38、44、 51、57、63.The maximum orbital angular momentum pattern count of generation is set as lmax=10, the desired major lobe of directional diagram
It is oriented to θdes=11 °.
Fig. 5 gives the corresponding donut array of vortex electromagnetic wave for generating and carrying different orbital angular momentum pattern counts
Pumping signal range coefficient, wherein " 0 " indicates no excitation, " 1 " indicates all array element constant amplitude excitations in this layer of annulus.Fig. 6 is provided
Antenna pattern after optimization with pitching angle theta situation of change.The result shows that the vortex for carrying different topology lotus number
Electromagnetic wave, beam main lobe direction is almost consistent, and sidelobe level is less than -16 dB, this optimum results is for radar detection
It is very useful.
In conclusion although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, however, it is not to limit the invention, appoints
What those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when can make it is various change and retouch, therefore
Protection scope of the present invention is subject to the range defined depending on claims.
Claims (10)
1. the vortex electromagnetic wave based on donut array generates and optimization method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The first step, the design of donut array configuration；
Donut array is formed by multiple concentrics and by the annulus of equidistantly distributed except interior, is uniformly divided in each layer of annulus
The antenna polarization direction for being furnished with mutiple antennas unit and all antenna elements requires unanimously；Antenna element quantity in each annulus
Uniform increments from the inside to the outside；
Second step, pattern function derive；
The antenna pattern function expression of donut array is derived, each layer of annulus wherein in donut array is adopted
With incrementally phase excitation mode, each layer of annulus pumping signal range value is parameter to be optimized；
Third walks, object function definition；
According to desired major lobe of directional diagram orientation angle value θdesThe target of vortex electromagnetic wave optimization is defined with highest sidelobe level value
Function；
4th step, pumping signal optimization solve each layer of circle according to the object function of third step definition using genetic algorithm optimization
Ring pumping signal range value.
2. the vortex electromagnetic wave according to claim 1 based on donut array generates and optimization method, feature exist
In：In the first step, the annulus number in donut array is set as H layers, and H is by the vortex electromagnetic wave maximum track that needs to generate
Angular momentum pattern count lmaxIt determines, H=lmax；
According to working signal frequency, two neighboring antenna element spacing is set on same layer annulus as operating signal wavelengths λ；H
Layer annular radii size is set as ah=h λ, h=1,2 ..., H；According to annular radii and antenna spacing, h layers of day are calculated
Line unit number isWhereinIndicate downward round numbers.
3. the vortex electromagnetic wave according to claim 1 based on donut array generates and optimization method, feature exist
In：Antenna element is a kind of planar horn antenna, and material is metallic aluminium；It includes radiating antenna and is connected with radiating antenna
Waveguide, the radiating antenna be cuboid, wherein the one end of the radiating antenna far from waveguide be set as opening square
Framework, radiating antenna are internally provided with the rectangle cavity with square framework unicom close to one end of waveguide, the waveguide it is interior
Portion's cavity is penetrated through with the cavity in radiating antenna.
4. the vortex electromagnetic wave according to claim 3 based on donut array generates and optimization method, feature exist
In：Its material of antenna element is metallic aluminium.
5. the vortex electromagnetic wave according to claim 3 based on donut array generates and optimization method, feature exist
In：The waveguide is cuboid.
6. the vortex electromagnetic wave according to claim 5 based on donut array generates and optimization method, feature exist
In：Radiating antenna entirety length, width and height size is respectively 17mm × 25mm × 25mm, radiating antenna internal cavity length, width and height size point
Not Wei 8mm × 16.9mm × 9mm, waveguide length, width and height size is respectively 30mm × 22mm × 10mm.
7. the vortex electromagnetic wave according to claim 6 based on donut array generates and optimization method, feature exist
In：Its centre frequency of antenna element 10GHz；67 ° of gain 8dB, H surface wave beam width, 60 ° of E surface waves beam width.
8. the vortex electromagnetic wave based on donut array according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7 generates and optimization
Method, it is characterised in that：In second step, antenna element excitation signal phase is set as φ successively on h layers of annulushn=2 π l (n-
1)/Nh, n=1,2 ..., Nh, wherein NhIt indicates that antenna number of unit on h layers of annulus, l indicate orbital angular momentum pattern count, swashs
It encourages signal amplitude and is denoted as Ih, then antenna pattern F (θ, the φ) expression formula for obtaining donut array is
Wherein each layer of annulus pumping signal range value IhFor parameter to be optimized, Jl(kahSin θ) indicate l rank Bessel functions,
K is wave number.
9. the vortex electromagnetic wave according to claim 8 based on donut array generates and optimization method, feature exist
In：In third step, vortex electromagnetic wave generates the object function F of optimizationfitnessIt is defined as
Wherein θ0And θdesThe main lobe orientation angle value calculated and desired major lobe of directional diagram angle are indicated respectively；α1And α2For weight
Coefficient takes α1=1, α2=0.2；SLLmaxAnd SLLdesThe maximum side petal calculated and desired highest sidelobe level are indicated respectively
Value；Desired major lobe of directional diagram angle, θdesValue is according to donut array outermost layer radius amaxWith the maximum track angular motion of generation
Measure pattern count lmaxIt determines, meets relational expression θdes=arcsin [(1.0509lmax+1.1562)/(kamax)], wherein k indicates wave
Number；Desired highest sidelobe level value SLLdesIt is determined by radar imagery application demand.
10. the vortex electromagnetic wave according to claim 9 based on donut array generates and optimization method, feature exist
In：In third step, desired highest sidelobe level value SLLdesValue range is -15dB to -20dB.
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| CN109541594A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Stripe SAR three-dimensional imaging method based on vortex electromagnetic waves |
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| CN110501707A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-26 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Electromagnetic vortex imaging method based on orbital angular momentum bimodal multiplexing |
| CN110501707B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-07-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Electromagnetic vortex imaging method based on orbital angular momentum bimodal multiplexing |
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Application publication date: 20180928 |