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CN108586353B - 一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108586353B
CN108586353B CN201810621351.2A CN201810621351A CN108586353B CN 108586353 B CN108586353 B CN 108586353B CN 201810621351 A CN201810621351 A CN 201810621351A CN 108586353 B CN108586353 B CN 108586353B
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唐本忠
赵祖金
陈斌
秦安军
胡蓉蓉
王志明
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

本发明属于有机发光材料技术领域,公开了一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用。基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料的结构式为式I,其中,R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立的为氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基;R1、R2各自优选为取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基;R3、R4各自优选为烷基。本发明还公开了发光材料的制备方法。本发明的有机发光材料具有光谱可调、量子产率高、热稳定性好等特点,其在有机发光二极管、有机场效应晶体管、有机太阳能电池、荧光传感器和生物检测等领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值。

Description

一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和在有机光电器件中的应用。
背景技术
随着有机电子产业的兴起和蓬勃发展,有机光电材料在有机电致发光二极管、有机太阳能电池、有机场效应晶体管、有机激光器和化学传感器等领域得到广泛应用,由于其重要的科学研究价值和广阔的商业应用前景,目前已成为材料科学中一个快速增长的领域。探索和开发性能更优(发光效率高,发射波长可调)的有机发光材料是摆在科研人员面前的紧迫任务。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是为了提供一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料,该类材料具有合成简单、产率较高、机理明确、便于衍生化合物的制备等优点。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料的应用。本发明的有机发光材料在有机光电器件(有机发光二极管、有机分子导线、有机电致发光器件、有机场效应晶体管和有机太阳能电池)、荧光传感器和/或生物检测等领域得到广泛的应用。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料,其结构式为式I:
Figure BDA0001698140750000011
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立的为氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基;R1~R4相同或者不同。
所述烷基为具有1~20个碳原子的直链、支链烷基,所述环烷基为具有3~20个碳原子的环烷基;烷基中取代和环烷基中的取代独立地指一个或多个碳原子被氧原子、烯基、炔基、芳基、羰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基或酯基取代;或者一个或多个氢原子被氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子取代。
R1、R2各自独立的优选为取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基。R3、R4各自独立的优选为烷基。
所述取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基为下述式a~u中的一种:
Figure BDA0001698140750000021
其中,式a中n为大于等于1的整数,其他结构的n为自然数(包括0),同一结构或不同结构中R′相同或不同,R′为氢、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基。
所述烷基为具有1~20个碳原子的直链、支链烷基,所述环烷基为具有3~20个碳原子的环烷基;烷基中取代和环烷基中的取代独立地指一个或多个碳原子被氧原子、烯基、炔基、芳基、羰基、羟基、氨基、羧基、氰基、硝基或酯基取代,或者一个或多个氢原子被氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、芳基、杂芳基取代。
取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基为苯基、联苯基、咔唑苯基(与N连接的苯基失去一个氢形成的基团)、咔唑基、稠噻吩基(并噻吩失去一个氢形成的基团)、吩噁嗪基(吩噁嗪失去一个氢形成的基团)、噻吩并环戊二烯基(二噻吩并环戊二烯失去一个氢形成的基团)、萘氨基苯基(N-苯基-1-萘胺中NH失去氢所形成的基团)、二吡啶胺基(2,2′-二吡啶胺失去一个氢形成的基团)、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基(苯并三唑失去一个氢所形成的基团)、米基硼
Figure BDA0001698140750000031
三苯基氧化膦基(化合物中一苯环上失去一个氢形成的基团)、二苯胺基、三苯胺基(化合物中一苯环失去氢所形成的基团)、二苯并噻吩基、苯并双噻吩基、9,10-二氢-9,9-二甲基吖啶基、9,10-二氢-9,9-二苯基吖啶基或10-H-螺[吖啶-9,9’-芴]基。
本发明的基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料的结构式式I的R1~R4中有取代基为取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基时,取代或未取代的芳基或杂芳基还可以为二苯并噻吩基,9,10-二氢-9,9-二甲基吖啶基、9,10-二氢-9,9-二苯基吖啶基或10-H-螺[吖啶-9,9’-芴]基。
所述基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
当有机发光材料为对称化合物材料时,
(S1)将蒽与烷基化试剂进行傅氏烷基化反应,获得烷基取代的蒽;
(S2)将蒽或烷基取代的蒽与液溴进行溴化反应,获得二溴取代的化合物;
(S3)将二溴取代的化合物与芳基硼酸或硼酸酯进行Suzuki交叉偶联反应,得到有机发光材料;芳基硼酸或硼酸酯中芳基与上述式I中R1或R2相同;
所述烷基取代的蒽的结构式为式II,所述二溴取代的化合物的结构式为式III:
Figure BDA0001698140750000041
式II和式III中R3、R4独立的为取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基;所述烷基为具有1~20个碳原子的直链、支链烷基,所述环烷基为具有3~20个碳原子的环烷基;R3、R4相同或不同;
当有机发光材料为非对称化合物材料时,
(P1)将二溴取代的化合物与芳基硼酸或硼酸酯进行Suzuki交叉偶联反应,获得芳基溴代化合物;芳基硼酸或硼酸酯的结构为Ar1(B(OH)2),Ar1与上述式I中R1或R2相同;
(P2)将芳基溴代化合物与芳基硼酸或硼酸酯进行Suzuki交叉偶联反应,获得有机发光材料;芳基硼酸或硼酸酯的结构为Ar2(B(OH)2),Ar2与上述式I中R1或R2相同且Ar1与Ar2不同;
芳基溴代化合物的结构式为式Ⅳ:
Figure BDA0001698140750000042
R3、R4独立的为取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基;所述烷基为具有1~20个碳原子的直链、支链烷基,所述环烷基为具有3~20个碳原子的环烷基;R3、R4相同或不同。
步骤(P1)中二溴取代的化合物与芳基硼酸或硼酸酯的摩尔比为(1~2):1,优选为1:1;
步骤(P2)中芳基溴代化合物与芳基硼酸或硼酸酯的摩尔比为1:(1~2)。
步骤(P1)和步骤(P2)中反应在溶剂中进行,溶剂为甲苯、乙醇与水;反应所需的催化剂为四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾。
步骤(S1)中傅氏烷基化反应的条件为:加热回流;步骤(S2)中溴化反应的温度为常温或室温,以有机溶剂为介质;步骤(S3)中Suzuki交叉偶联反应的条件为:温度105~115℃,溶剂为甲苯、乙醇与水,二溴取代的化合物与芳基硼酸或硼酸酯的摩尔比为1:(2~3)。
所述基于蒽及其衍生物的发光材料在有机光电器件(有机发光二极管、有机分子导线、有机电致发光器件、有机场效应晶体管和有机太阳能电池)、荧光传感器和/或生物检测领域的应用。
本发明以四苯基乙烯和苯并咪唑基取代的叔丁基蒽化合物(TPE-TAPBI)作为发光层制备了一类有机电致发光器件,并详细分析了器件的光电性质数据。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明的有机发光材料具有高量子产率、高热稳定性等特性;而且本发明的发光材料是基于蒽及其衍生物单元的系列分子,合成简单、结构新颖;
(2)本发明的有机发光材料,能通过改变芳基单元的结构来实现其吸收与发射光谱的调节;
(3)本发明能极大地丰富有机发光材料的种类,并且本发明中的有机发光材料光电性能优异,在有机发光二极管、有机场效应晶体管和有机太阳能电池、荧光传感器和生物检测等领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。实施例中所用药品和试剂可在化学药品公司购得,或可通过本领域内已公开方法制备获得。
实施例1
一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料TPE-TAPBI的制备:
Figure BDA0001698140750000061
合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0001698140750000062
(1)中间体2的合成
向装有蒽(4.45g,25mmol)的反应瓶中,加入25mL的三氟乙酸(TFA),并将叔丁醇(8.5ml,88.8mmol)逐滴加入反应瓶中,滴加完毕后加热回流反应12h,反应后将反应液倒入冷水中淬灭,然后用石油醚和乙酸乙酯进行重结晶,得到白色固体产物(中间体2),产率78%;
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):8.32(s,2H),7.93(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.86(d,J=1.7Hz,2H),7.54(dd,J=8.9,1.9Hz,2H),1.44(s,18H).
(2)中间体3的合成
将中间体2(1.45g,5mmol)加入反应瓶中,用二氯甲烷溶解,对反应瓶进行冰水浴,将液溴(0.256mL,5mmol)逐滴加入反应瓶中,滴加完毕后室温搅拌反应2h,将反应液用饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液进行还原,然后萃取、洗涤、合并有机相,用甲苯进行重结晶得到白色固体产物(中间体3),产率90%;
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):8.50(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),8.45(d,J=1.6Hz,2H),7.71(dd,J=9.2,1.9Hz,2H),1.49(s,18H).
(3)中间体4的合成
将中间体3(0.89g,2mmol)、四苯基乙烯硼酸(0.75g,2mmol)、四(三苯基磷)钯(0.16g,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(0.55g,4mmol)加入反应瓶中,抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下注入溶剂(甲苯:乙醇:水=8:1:1(体积比)),注入完毕后110℃反应回流12h,萃取、浓缩、做粉,用柱层层析法分离提纯得到白色固体产物(中间体4),反应产率43%。
(4)TPE-TAPBI的合成
将中间体4(0.55g,0.7mmol)、[3-(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯基]硼酸(化合物5)(0.37g,1.05mmol)、四(三苯基磷)钯(0.05g,0.03mmol)、碳酸钾(0.21g,1.4mmol)加入反应瓶中,抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下注入溶剂(甲苯:乙醇:水=8:1:1),注入完毕后110℃反应回流12h,萃取、浓缩、做粉,用柱层层析法分离提纯得到白色固体产物,反应产率81%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CD2Cl2),δ(TMS,ppm):7.92(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.62–7.57(m,5H),7.54(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.50–7.45(m,4H),7.44–7.40(m,4H),7.35–7.34(m,2H),7.30–7.26(m,2H),7.24–7.11(m,17H),1.30(s,9H),1.27(s,9H).13C NMR(125MHz,CD2Cl2),δ(TMS,ppm):153.03,147.75,147.61,144.57,144.54,144.53,143.72,141.96,141.61,141.40,137.99,137.84,137.74,137.18,135.86,132.00,131.94,131.91,131.30,130.59,130.20,130.07,129.93,129.30,129.09,128.97,128.46,128.38,128.37,128.14,127.24,127.16,127.14,126.84,125.27,125.07,124.03,123.63,121.84,121.40,120.25,111.22,35.53,35.51,31.28,31.18.HRMS(C67H56N2):m/z 888.4467(M+,calcd888.4443).
实施例2
一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料TPE–TACaz的制备
Figure BDA0001698140750000071
合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0001698140750000081
(1)同实施例1;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)TPE-TACaz的合成:
将中间体4(0.55g,0.7mmol)、4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯硼酸(化合物5)(0.31g,1.05mmol)、四(三苯基磷)钯(0.05g,0.03mmol)、碳酸钾(0.21g,1.4mmol)加入反应瓶中,抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下注入溶剂(甲苯:乙醇:水=8:1:1),注入完毕后110℃反应回流12h,萃取、浓缩、做粉,用柱层层析法分离提纯得到白色固体产物,反应产率83%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CD2Cl2),δ(TMS,ppm):8.23(s,1H),8.21(s,1H),7.84–7.81(m,3H),7.72–7.69(m,3H),7.65–7.63(m,4H),7.55–7.49(m,4H)7.37–7.30(m,4H),7.25–7.13(m,17H),1.34(s,1H),1.32(s,1H).13C NMR(125MHz,CD2Cl2),δ(TMS,ppm):147.90,147.69,144.59,144.56,143.76,141.96,141.67,139.31,137.86,137.42,137.25,135.93,133.57,132.05,132.03,131.97,131.34,130.29,130.14,129.22,128.50,128.42,128.40,127.65,127.28,127.22,127.20,126.97,126.73,125.38,125.22,124.06,121.93,121.49,120.99,120.68,110.54,35.59,35.56,31.32,31.14.
实施例3
一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料TPE-TADCaz的制备
Figure BDA0001698140750000091
合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0001698140750000092
(1)同实施例1;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)TPE-TADCaz的合成:
将中间体4(0.55g,0.7mmol)、4-[3,5-二(9H-咔唑-9-基)]苯硼酸(0.47g,1.05mmol)、四(三苯基磷)钯(0.05g,0.03mmol)、碳酸钾(0.21g,1.4mmol)加入反应瓶中,抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下注入溶剂(甲苯:乙醇:水=8:1:1),注入完毕后110℃反应回流12h,萃取、浓缩、做粉,用柱层层析法分离提纯得到白色固体产物,反应产率78%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CD2Cl2),δ(TMS,ppm):8.16–8.14(m,4H),8.05–8.04(m,1H),7.95–7.92(m,1H),7.85–7.82(m,3H),7.72–7.70(m,4H),7.65–7.60(m,3H),7.53–7.50(m,1H),7.46–7.43(m,4H),7.31–7.27(m,6H),7.22–7.10(m,17H),1.39(s,9H),1.31(s,9H).13C NMR(125MHz,CD2Cl2),δ(TMS,ppm):148.48,147.83,144.55,144.52,141.98,141.55,141.30,140.05,137.62,132.03,132.01,131.95,131.27,129.18,129.16,128.48,128.40,128.38,127.27,127.18,126.87,125.87,125.33,124.27,121.07,121.03,110.46,35.68,35.60,31.29.
实施例4
一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料TriPE-TAPBI的制备
Figure BDA0001698140750000101
合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0001698140750000102
(1)同实施例1;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)TriPE-TAPBI的合成
将中间体4(1.21g,1.9mmol)、[3-(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯基]硼酸(化合物5)(0.92g,2.85mmol)、四(三苯基磷)钯(0.11g,0.09mmol)、碳酸钾(0.53g,3.8mmol)加入反应瓶中,抽换氮气三次,在氮气保护下注入溶剂(甲苯:乙醇:水=8:1:1),注入完毕后110℃反应回流12h,萃取、浓缩、做粉,用柱层层析法分离提纯得到白色固体产物,反应产率74%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CD2Cl2),δ(TMS,ppm):7.91(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.64–7.56(m,5H),7.54–7.50(m,1H),7.50(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),7.48–7.39(m,9H),7.39–7.30(m,10H),7.29–7.28(m,2H),7.23–7.22(m,2H),7.19(s,1H),1.29(s,9H),1.26(s,9H).13C NMR(125MHz,CD2Cl2),δ(TMS,ppm):153.10,147.77,147.66,144.18,143.82,143.72,141.35,141.18,138.23,138.05,137.79,137.39,137.08,135.94,132.00,131.58,131.17,130.59,130.20,130.16,130.11,129.97,129.83,129.35,129.27,129.07,129.01,128.93,128.71,128.32,128.24,128.15,127.14,126.89,125.28,125.09,124.00,123.59,121.77,121.45,120.31,111.21,35.51,31.21,31.20.HRMS(C61H52N2):m/z 812.4168(M+,calcd812.4130).
实施例5
基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料TPE-TAPBI的OLEDs器件性能:
利用实施例1制备得到的一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料TPE-TAPBI(固态量子产率=64.2%)作为发光层,制备了非掺杂OLED器件,并对其光电性能进行测试表征。
器件结构:ITO/HATCN(5nm)/NPB(40nm)/TcTa(5nm)/TPE-TAPBI(20nm)/TmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(非掺杂OLED器件结构)。
通过对器件进行光电性能测试,基于TPE-TAPBI的非掺杂器件的最大亮度为3973cd/m2,启动电压为3V;基于TPE-TAPBI的非掺杂器件的最大电流效率为7.21cd/A,外量子效率为5.73%。
其具体器件性能数据如表1所示。
表1:一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料TPE-TAPBI的OLEDs器件性能
最大亮度 启动电压 最大电流效率 外量子效率 T<sub>g</sub>/T<sub>d</sub>
3973cd/m<sup>2</sup> 3V 7.21cd/A 5.73% 163/240℃
上述结果表明,本发明中通过将一种基于蒽及其衍生物接上不同的修饰基团,可以得到一类结构新颖、合成简单、利于修饰的发光材料,且这类材料可以成功运用在有机电致发光材料当中。当然,在荧光传感器和生物检测领域中也具有巨大的运用前景。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料,其特征在于:其结构式为式I:
Figure FDA0002472092440000011
R1为以下芳基;
Figure FDA0002472092440000012
R2为以下基团:
Figure FDA0002472092440000013
R3、R4各自为烷基;R3与R4相同;所述烷基为具有1~20个碳原子的直链、支链烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
当有机发光材料为非对称化合物材料时,
(P1)将二溴取代的化合物与芳基硼酸或硼酸酯进行Suzuki交叉偶联反应,获得芳基溴代化合物;芳基硼酸或硼酸酯的结构为Ar1(B(OH)2),Ar1与式I中R1相同;二溴取代的化合物的结构式为式III;
Figure FDA0002472092440000021
(P2)将芳基溴代化合物与芳基硼酸或硼酸酯进行Suzuki交叉偶联反应,获得有机发光材料;芳基硼酸或硼酸酯的结构为Ar2(B(OH)2),Ar2与式I中R2相同且Ar1与Ar2不同;
芳基溴代化合物的结构式为式Ⅳ:
Figure FDA0002472092440000022
R3、R4各自为烷基;R3与R4相同;所述烷基为具有1~20个碳原子的直链、支链烷基。
3.根据权利要求1所述基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料在有机光电器件和/或荧光传感器的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:所述有机光电器件为有机发光二极管、有机分子导线、有机电致发光器件、有机场效应晶体管和/或有机太阳能电池。
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