CN108572160B - Refractometer for measuring refractive index distribution - Google Patents
Refractometer for measuring refractive index distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN108572160B CN108572160B CN201710148080.9A CN201710148080A CN108572160B CN 108572160 B CN108572160 B CN 108572160B CN 201710148080 A CN201710148080 A CN 201710148080A CN 108572160 B CN108572160 B CN 108572160B
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
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Abstract
The invention discloses a refractometer for measuring refractive index distribution, which belongs to the field of measurement and optics and comprises a light source unit, a light path adjusting unit, a detection unit and an image acquisition and processing unit, wherein the light source unit is used for generating parallel light, the light path adjusting unit is used for adjusting the size of a parallel light beam according to a set measurement range and is also used for adjusting the direction of the parallel light beam so as to enable the light beam to be vertically incident to the detection unit, the detection unit comprises a prism and a lens array, the lens array is attached to one side surface of the prism and is used for receiving the parallel light beam from the light path adjusting unit, the bottom surface of the prism is attached to the interface of an object to be measured, and the image acquisition and processing unit is used for receiving light spots emergent from the other side surface of the prism and is also used for carrying out image processing on the light spots. The device has simple and compact structure, can measure the refractive index distribution and has higher measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measurement and optics, and particularly relates to a refractive index measurement device for measuring refractive index distribution.
Background
The refractive index is a physical property of a substance, is a common process control index in food production, and can be used for identifying the composition of food, determining the concentration of the food and judging the purity degree and quality of the food by measuring the refractive index of liquid food. Meanwhile, in the medical aspect, the refractive index of the biological tissue is measured, and whether canceration occurs or not can be judged. In the field of optical communication, measuring the refractive index distribution of an optical fiber has important application to transmission analysis of light in the optical fiber. In semiconductor devices, the refractive index profile is also an important parameter.
The measurement of the refractive index is an important technology, and a plurality of technologies are available at present based on the law of refraction to realize the measurement of the refractive index. Common methods include a deflection angle method, an auto-collimation method and a critical angle method, wherein the deflection angle method has high precision, the critical angle method is most widely applied, and the most representative instrument is Abbe refractive index. However, these techniques have problems that the measurement accuracy is not high enough, and the measurement method is troublesome. In addition, the conventional devices generally measure only the refractive index of a homogeneous liquid, and cannot measure the refractive index of a liquid if the liquid is not homogeneous.
Therefore, it is required to develop a refractometer which has high measurement accuracy, is simple in measurement method, and can perform refractive index distribution measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a refractometer for refractive index distribution measurement, which aims to measure the refractive index of a substance with non-uniform refractive index distribution by using parallel light incident into a detection unit, thereby solving the technical problem that the refractive index distribution cannot be measured in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a refractometer for refractive index distribution measurement, comprising:
a light source unit for generating parallel light,
a light path adjusting unit for adjusting the size of the parallel light beam according to a set measuring range and adjusting the direction of the parallel light beam to make the light beam vertically incident to the detecting unit,
the detection unit comprises a prism and a lens array, the lens array is attached to one side surface of the prism and used for receiving the parallel light beams from the light path adjusting unit, the bottom surface of the prism is attached to the interface of the object to be detected,
and the image acquisition and processing unit is used for receiving the light spots emitted from the other side surface of the prism and also used for carrying out image processing on the light spots so as to obtain the refractive index of the object to be detected.
In the above inventive concept, the prism and the material with uneven refractive index distribution directly contact to form an interface, when the light is reflected by the interface, the positions of the points reaching the interface are different, and because the refractive index distribution of the material is uneven, the reflectivity of the light obtained by passing through the positions of different points is different, thereby measuring the refractive index.
Further, the lens array comprises a plurality of lenses which are identical in specification and tangent in edge to form an array arrangement.
Furthermore, the lens array comprises a plurality of lenses which have the same specification and are arranged in an array mode with edges at set intervals.
Further, the lens array comprises at least two lenses with the same specification.
Further, the light source unit comprises a parallel light source and a beam expanding lens group, and the parallel light source and the beam expanding lens group are coaxially arranged.
Further, the beam expanding lens group is a galilean system or a kepler system.
In the conception of the invention, the beam expanding lens group is adopted to expand the diameter of the laser, reduce the divergence angle of the laser beam, be beneficial to widening the measuring range of the invention and improve the precision.
Further, the optical path adjusting unit includes a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror, and the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror are arranged in parallel. The light path adjusting unit adjusts the incident angle and reflection of the light beam to adjust the measurement range of the device and improve the accuracy.
Further, the image collecting and processing unit comprises a lens group, an array sensor and an image processing computer, wherein the lens group is used for receiving the light spots emitted from the other side surface of the prism and transmitting the light spots to the array sensor, the array sensor is used for converting the light spots into image signals and transmitting the image signals to the image processing computer, and the image processing computer is used for processing the image signals to obtain the refractive index distribution of the object to be measured.
In the above inventive concept, the prism and the object or the substance to be measured form different reflection interfaces, and since the refractive index distribution of the substance is not uniform, the light is incident on different refractive index positions, and the reflected light intensities corresponding to the same incident angle are different. The lens array in the detection unit is an array formed by lenses with the same focal length, plays a role in focusing parallel light beams, and can obtain a series of diffuse spots when the parallel light is transmitted in a light path due to the convergence effect, namely, the light spot distribution, namely, the relative light intensity distribution of the light spots can be measured. The lens group and the array sensor are used for image processing, the lens group and the array sensor are used for drawing the light spots emitted from the detection unit, and then an image processing computer is used for calculating and processing the image to obtain the relative light intensity of the light spot distribution, so that the refractive index distribution condition corresponding to the substance is obtained.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the lens array makes incident parallel light incident to pass through an interface formed by the substances to be measured to form a series of light spots, the light spots enter the lens group and the array sensor, then image processing is carried out to obtain the refractive index distribution of the substances to be measured, and the core component (referred to as a detection unit) of the light path ensures that the device can measure the substances with uneven refractive index distribution in real time to obtain the refractive index distribution map, and the measurement result is accurate. In addition, the device has a compact and simple structure, the material to be measured can be placed on the bottom surface of the prism during measurement, and the material to be measured is convenient to place.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring a refractive index distribution of a liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a light source unit and an optical path adjusting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a detection unit in which a prism is attached to an interface of an object to be detected in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the lens array in the detection unit for focusing the light beam according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a graph of Fresnel reflection curve versus incident angle for different refractive indices;
FIG. 5(b) is a partial view of the Fresnel reflectivity curve and a graph of the refractive index positions corresponding to the three positions.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-light source unit 2-optical path adjusting unit 3-lens array
4-prism 5-object to be measured or substance to be measured 6-image acquisition processing unit
21-first mirror 22-second mirror
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring refractive index distribution of liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic middle light path diagram of a light source unit and a light path adjusting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic light path diagram of a prism attached to an interface of an object to be measured in a detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic light path diagram of a lens array focusing a light beam in a detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be known from the above four diagrams that the device according to the present invention includes a light source unit 1, a light path adjusting unit 2, a detection unit, and an image collecting and processing unit 6, wherein the light source unit 1 is configured to generate parallel light, the light path adjusting unit 2 is configured to adjust a size of the parallel light beam according to a set measurement range, the light path adjusting unit 2 is further configured to adjust a direction of the parallel light, the refractive index distribution of the substance to be detected is uneven, so that emergent light spots are obtained, and the image acquisition and processing unit 6 is used for receiving the emergent light spots and analyzing the light intensity of the light spots to obtain the refractive index distribution of the object to be detected.
The light source unit comprises a parallel light source and a beam expanding lens group, and the parallel light source and the beam expanding lens group are coaxially arranged. The beam expanding lens group is a Galileo system or a Kepler system. The optical path adjusting unit includes a first reflecting mirror 21 and a second reflecting mirror 22, and the first reflecting mirror 21 and the second reflecting mirror 22 are disposed in parallel. The size of the parallel light beam can be adjusted by adjusting the angles of the first reflecting mirror 21 and the second reflecting mirror 22, and likewise, the direction of the parallel light beam can be adjusted so that the light beam is perpendicularly incident to the detection unit. Here, three or more mirrors arranged in parallel may also be provided according to the actual engineering requirements, but in principle, two mirrors arranged in parallel to each other can be adjusted in the X-direction and the Y-direction, which can fulfill the function of adjustment. The detection unit comprises a prism 4 and a lens array 3, wherein the lens array is attached to one side face of the prism, the lens array is used for receiving parallel light beams from the light path adjusting unit, and the bottom face of the prism is attached to the interface of an object to be detected 5.
In an embodiment of the invention, the lens array includes a plurality of lenses with the same specification and edges tangent to form an array arrangement, or the lens array includes a plurality of lenses with the same specification and edges separated by a set distance to form an array arrangement.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the lens array comprises at least two lenses of the same specification. The lens array may also include at least four microlenses with the same specification to form an array surface, and the lens array may also be formed in a column or a row.
The image acquisition and processing unit comprises a lens group, an array sensor and an image processing computer, wherein the lens group is used for receiving light spots emitted from the other side surface of the prism and transmitting the light spots to the array sensor, the array sensor is used for converting the light spots into image signals and transmitting the image signals to the image processing computer, and the image processing computer is used for processing the image signals to obtain the refractive index distribution of the object to be measured.
The detection module is composed of a lens array, a reflecting prism and a substance to be detected, wherein the upper side of the reflecting prism is contacted with the substance to be detected to form a reflecting interface, the lens array is contacted with one side of the reflecting prism to form an incident interface of light, and the other side of the reflecting prism is a light emergent interface. When parallel light rays are incident to the lens array, the lens array is an array formed by lenses with the same focal length, and plays a focusing role on the parallel light beams, so that a series of diffuse spot distributions, namely light spot distributions, can be obtained when the incident light beams are output at the emergent interface of the detection module. The light spots emitted by the lens group and the array sensor are imaged to obtain a relative light spot intensity distribution graph, then the image is calculated and processed by a CPU of an image processing computer to obtain relative light intensity values of different light spots, each light spot corresponds to the position of a converged light beam on a reflection interface, each interface position corresponds to different refraction distributions of a substance, and a corresponding refractive index distribution measurement result is obtained.
The working principle of the material refractive index distribution measurement is as follows:
parallel light emitted by the light source unit enters the detection unit through the light path adjusting device of the reflector, and due to the existence of the lens array, the parallel light is emitted to the lens array at different angles when being reflected due to the convergence effect of the lens array, so that the parallel light becomes a series of dispersed spots when being received by the lens group and the array sensor, wherein the reflection interface consists of the upper surface of the prism and a substance to be measured, the reflectivity is different due to the uneven distribution of the refractive index, the light intensity of the obtained dispersed spots is different, and the measurement is realized by analyzing the refractive index of the liquid to be measured through the light intensity.
The device of the invention ensures the measurement accuracy by using the convergence of the lens array to the parallel light, because the analysis light spot light intensity of the invention is related to the position of the corresponding incident beam on the interface, the smaller the position range is, the higher the measurement accuracy is. When parallel light rays enter the reflection interface, the emergent light angles are different due to the difference of incident angles, and the position range of the incident light rays corresponding to the same light spot on the reflection interface can be greatly reduced through the convergence effect of the lens array, so that the refractive index precision of liquid at the corresponding position is ensured by analyzing the light intensity.
The invention utilizes the principle of measuring the refractive index by the reflectivity, when light beams are reflected by an interface, the reflected light intensity is related to the reflectivity, and the reflectivity is deduced by a Fresnel formula:
intensity of the outgoing beam
Wherein, theta1And theta2Angle of incidence and angle of refraction, n1And n2Is the refractive index of the prism and the liquid to be measured, theta is the included angle of the emergent light and the s light, I0Is the intensity of the incident light. When light is transmitted, the light is polarized, that is, the light is an electromagnetic wave, an electric field and a magnetic field exist in the direction perpendicular to the light, the electric field can propagate along various directions, and we define that the direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the paper surface and inwards to be s light, and p light is parallel to the paper surface.
In the invention, for example, the included angle is 45 degrees, and the incident light beam is taken as a parallel light beam in the actual measurement process, so that the corresponding positions of different light spots are adoptedThe included angles of the corresponding incident lights are the same, and the light intensity of the initial incident light is the same, so the only variable in the invention is the refractive index, the prism is made of uniform material, n1Are identical, i.e. n2Causes a difference in reflectivity and thus a difference in the intensity of the emitted light, obviously n2Is composed of the refractive index distribution of the substance to be measured, so that the present invention realizes n2I.e. the measurement of the refractive index profile of a substance.
In order to verify the accuracy of the present invention, the accuracy of the measurement result is further explained by using a reflectivity curve and light transmission, which is specifically as follows:
the relation between different Fresnel reflectivity and incident angle is obtained through experiments, for the invention, three different positions are taken as explanation, namely the positions a, b and c, due to the convergence effect of the lens array on the light beams, the same position corresponds to a plurality of light beams with different incident angles, and the corresponding incident angles at different positions are the same, so that the condition of the control variable method is ensured.
FIG. 5(a) is a Fresnel reflection curve obtained by using materials with different refractive indexes, wherein the refractive index of the glass is 1.52, and the incidence angle range is designed to be below the critical angle, so that total reflection does not occur. For convenience of explanation, fig. 5(b) is a partial enlarged view of the reflectivity curve of fig. 5(a) at an incident angle of 55 degrees to 60 degrees, wherein positions a, b and c are marked corresponding to positions on the curve of fig. 5(b), and the distribution of the light spots at the three positions is the integral value of the positions corresponding to the fresnel curve, so that the light spot measurement method is the integral value of multiple sets of data, and the accuracy of the measurement of the invention is ensured.
In the invention, the light spot patterns under different refractive indexes can be obtained by utilizing the reflection principle, and the refractive index distribution of the substance is calculated by utilizing the corresponding relation between the Fresnel reflection formula and the refractive index.
The invention can be used for measuring the refractive index distribution of the material on line in real time, when measuring different materials, only different materials to be measured need to be replaced on the device, the lens group and the array sensor are used for drawing, and the refractive index distribution curve can be obtained through the analysis of an image processing computer, thereby being convenient and fast.
According to the refractometer for measuring the refractive index distribution, the reflectivity of light beams incident at the same incident angle under different refractive index distribution interfaces is different, so that the refractive index distribution is measured, namely the refractive index distribution is measured ingeniously by using the relation between the reflectivity and the light intensity.
The refractive index distribution is measured through the light intensity distribution of the light spots, the measuring process is simple, after the device is completed, the measuring result can be obtained only by quickly drawing the light spots and performing software calculation and analysis, the operation is simple and quick, and the measurement of the refractive index of the inhomogeneous material is realized. Secondly, the light intensity of the light spot on the air interface is used as a reference to obtain the refractive index of the substance, the precision is obviously improved, and finally, the light spot distribution is calculated through computer software, so that the measurement precision is also ensured.
The device for measuring the material refractive index distribution can detect the condition of the material refractive index distribution in real time, and has the characteristics of high precision, long service life and strong anti-interference capability.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A refractometer for refractive index distribution measurement, characterized by comprising:
a light source unit (1) for generating parallel light,
an optical path adjusting unit (2) for adjusting the size of the parallel light beam according to a set measuring range and adjusting the direction of the parallel light beam to make the beam vertically incident to the detecting unit,
the detection unit comprises a prism (4) and a lens array (3), the lens array is attached to one side surface of the prism, the lens array is used for receiving the parallel light beams from the light path adjusting unit, the bottom surface of the prism is attached to the interface of an object to be detected (5),
and the image acquisition and processing unit (6) is used for receiving the light spots emitted from the other side surface of the prism and carrying out image processing on the light spots so as to obtain the refractive index of the object to be detected.
2. The refractometer for refractive index profile measurement according to claim 1, wherein said lens array comprises a plurality of lenses of the same size and having edges tangent to form an array.
3. The refractometer for refractive index distribution measurement according to claim 1, wherein said lens array comprises a plurality of lenses of the same size and having edges spaced at a set distance to form an array arrangement.
4. A refractometer for refractive index distribution measurement according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said lens array includes at least two lenses of the same specification.
5. The refractometer for refractive index distribution measurement according to claim 1, wherein said light source unit includes a parallel light source and a beam expanding lens group, said parallel light source and said beam expanding lens group being coaxially disposed.
6. The refractometer for refractive index distribution measurement according to claim 5, wherein said beam expanding lens group is a Galileo system or a Kepler system.
7. The refractometer for refractive index distribution measurement according to claim 5, wherein the optical path adjusting unit includes a first mirror (21) and a second mirror (22), and the first mirror (21) and the second mirror (22) are arranged in parallel.
8. The refractometer for refractive index distribution measurement according to claim 1, wherein the image acquisition and processing unit includes a lens group for receiving the light spot emitted from the other side surface of the prism and for transmitting the light spot to the array sensor, an array sensor for converting the light spot into an image signal and transmitting the image signal to the image processing computer, and an image processing computer for processing the image signal to obtain the refractive index distribution of the object to be measured.
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| CN111796295B (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2023-12-12 | 深圳奥锐达科技有限公司 | Collector, manufacturing method of collector and distance measuring system |
| JP2024534260A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2024-09-18 | 深▲せん▼市流数科技有限公司 | Refractometer and method for detecting refractive index |
| CN117423600B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-04-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Fluorocarbon plasma group space distribution monitoring device and method |
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