CN108554427B - 一种In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于光催化领域,具体涉及一种新型In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂及其制备方法。In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂由In2O3和BiOI组成,其中先由水热法制备In2O3,再将其分散于BiOI的合成中得到In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂。本发明的制备方法工艺简单、易于操控、成本低廉。光催化降解实验表明,本发明所制备的光催化剂对罗丹明B表现出优异的光催化降解效果,尤其是In2O3所占质量比为5%时,其降解效果最好,120min对罗丹明B的降解达到95.9%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米复合材料和光催化技术领域,涉及In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
目前,全球范围的环境污染和生态破坏,使人们对清洁能源的需求和环境污染的治理修复给予了极大的关注。特别是在有机染料方面,其废水排放总量高居工业行业的第3位,已经成为生态破坏的重要污染源。而染料废水一直有着组成复杂、颜色深、化学稳定性高和不易生物降解等特点,一直是工业污水处理中亟待解决的问题。而半导体光催化作为高效节能绿色环保技术,所需成本较低,通过吸收太阳光作为能量输入,可以简便的将一系列难降解的有机污染物降解为可生物降解的化合物或毒性较小的物质,在降解有机污染物方面有着广阔的发展前景。因此,与传统的污水处理技术相比具有较大的优势,从而受到国内外学者的广泛关注。
光催化剂是光催化技术发展的核心材料,随着光催化技术的不断发展,人们对光催化剂的研究集中于两个方面:一是对传统半导体材料TiO2进行改性处理,通过金属和非金属掺杂和半导体复合等方法提高其在紫外区的光催化活性或者拓宽其光谱吸收范围至可见光区;二是研究开发新型光催化材料,并不断提升其光催化活性。而由于TiO2存在在吸收光谱窄、光生载流子分离效率低等本质缺点,因此,应用方法二具有更广阔的研究意义和应用价值。
通过研究发现,铋系材料具有较好的光催化性能,而其中碘氧化铋(BiOI)具有较小的禁带宽度,并且在可见光下有着很好的吸收,是一种有着广阔研究前景的半导体材料,将其与其它半导体复合形成异质结,在光催化反应中能够抑制光生电子和空穴的复合,提高量子效率,从而使得其光催化效果得到明显提升。
目前,还没有In2O3/BiOI复合半导体应用于降解有机污染物的研究报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种简单有效的沉积法制备In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂,实现对有机染料罗丹明B的降解,并获得比单体BiOI更好的光催化效果,同时调节In2O3和 BiOI的比例得到最佳的配比,再通过光催化降解常见的有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)考察其光催化活性。
本发明通过以下步骤实现:
将In2O3分散于硝酸铋的醇溶液中,超声至分散均匀,再向其中加入碘化钾,搅拌混合反应,反应结束后静置,离心洗涤,干燥,得到In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂。
所述氧化铟的制备方法如下,将InCl3溶于去离子水中,向其中再加入葡萄糖和尿素,转入反应釜中180℃水热反应8h,反应结束后,将沉淀离心、洗涤、烘干,再转入马弗炉中500℃下煅烧2h,得到氧化铟。
所述硝酸铋与碘化钾的摩尔比为1:1,In2O3的用量为In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂质量的1~8%。
所述硝酸铋的醇溶液中,所述醇为乙二醇。
所述搅拌混合反应的反应温度为常温,反应时间为4-8h。
本发明制得的In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂,由In2O3和BiOI结合组成,其中,In2O3的质量百分含量为1~8%,BiOI的质量百分为92~99%。
将本发明制得的In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂用于光催化降解罗丹明B。
当In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂中氧化铟的质量百分含量为5%时,In2O3/BiOI复合光催化剂在可见光条件下反应120min后罗丹明B的降解率达到95.9%。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明通过将In2O3与BiOI复合,构建了新型的具有异质结构的复合光催化剂,制备方法工艺简单、易于操控、成本低廉;
(2)本发明制备的In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂,具有良好的可见光吸收性能;
(3)本发明制备的In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂可见光催化活性相比In2O3和BiOI都有明显的提升。在氙灯的照射下,120min对罗丹明B降解可达到95.9%;
(4)本发明制备的In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂具有异质结构,加快了光生载流子的分离,减小了光生电子-空穴对的复合几率,提高了光催化活性,可进一步用于多种染料和有机污染物的光催化降解反应中,具有较好的工业应用前景。
附图说明
图1为所制备的In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂、In2O3和BiOI的XRD图;
图2为制备的In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂的固态紫外-可见吸收光谱图;
图3为所制备的In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂的扫描电镜图;a是BiOI的扫描电镜图, b是In2O3扫描电镜图,c图是BiOI和In2O3复合物的扫描电镜图;
图4为所制备的In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂的可见光催化降解罗丹明B的时间-降解率关系图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但这些实施例并不限制本发明保护范围。
实施例1
将2mmol InCl3分散于30mL去离子水中,再往其中加入3.5g葡萄糖和3.5g尿素,搅拌 1h,搅拌结束后将混合液转入反应釜中,在180℃下保持8h。反应结束后,待冷却至室温后,将沉淀用去离子水和无水乙醇各洗涤三次,而后置于鼓风干燥箱中60℃干燥12h。再将所得样品转入马弗炉中,500℃下煅烧2h,得到In2O3。
将1mmol Bi(NO3)3·5H2O加入20mL乙二醇中,超声溶解30min,再将复合光催化剂质量比1%的In2O3加入其中,超声至分散均匀。再将1mmol KI加入上述溶液中,置于磁力搅拌器上搅拌4h。搅拌结束后静置2h,除去上清液,将沉淀用去离子水和无水乙醇各离心洗涤三次,然后样品烘干,样品记为IOI-1。
实施例2
将2mmol InCl3分散于30mL去离子水中,再往其中加入3.5g葡萄糖和3.5g尿素,搅拌 1h,搅拌结束后将混合液转入反应釜中,在180℃下保持8h。反应结束后,待冷却至室温后,将沉淀用去离子水和无水乙醇各洗涤三次,而后置于鼓风干燥箱中60℃干燥12h。再将所得样品转入马弗炉中,500℃下煅烧2h,得到In2O3。
将1mmol Bi(NO3)3·5H2O加入20mL乙二醇中,超声溶解30min,再将复合光催化剂质量比5%的In2O3加入其中,超声至分散均匀。再将1mmol KI加入上述溶液中,置于磁力搅拌器上搅拌4h。搅拌结束后静置2h,除去上清液,将沉淀用去离子水和无水乙醇各离心洗涤三次,然后样品烘干,样品记为IOI-5。
实施例3
将2mmol InCl3分散于30mL去离子水中,再往其中加入3.5g葡萄糖和3.5g尿素,搅拌1h,搅拌结束后将混合液转入反应釜中,在180℃下保持8h。反应结束后,待冷却至室温后,将沉淀用去离子水和无水乙醇各洗涤三次,而后置于鼓风干燥箱中60℃干燥12h。再将所得样品转入马弗炉中,500℃下煅烧2h,得到In2O3。
将1mmol Bi(NO3)3·5H2O加入20mL乙二醇中,超声溶解30min,再将复合光催化剂质量比8%的In2O3加入其中,超声至分散均匀。再将1mmol KI加入上述溶液中,置于磁力搅拌器上搅拌8h。搅拌结束后静置2h,除去上清液,将沉淀用去离子水和无水乙醇各离心洗涤三次,然后样品烘干,样品记为IOI-8。
图1为实施例所制备出的In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂的XRD图,从图中可以看出,复合后的样品同时具有BiOI和In2O3的特征峰,说明成功的制备出了In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂。
如图2所示,是In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂的固态紫外-可见吸收光谱图,从图中可以看出,复合后的半导体光催化剂对可见光的吸收强度明显得到提升。
如图3所示,a图是BiOI的扫描电镜图,可以看出所得BiOI为片状自组装成的微球,b 图为棒状的In2O3,c图是BiOI和In2O3两者复合的扫描电镜图,从图中可以看出两者均一的附着在一起。
图4是样品所进行的光催化降解实验,所用的罗丹明B溶液浓度为20mg/L,称取In2O3/BiOI复合半导体光催化剂100mg,置于光催化反应器中,向其中加入100mL罗丹明B,超声5min分散均匀,再置于黑暗环境下搅拌30min,打开氙灯之后每隔20min取一次样品,用于紫外-可见吸光度的测量。从图中,可以看出,复合后的In2O3/BiOI光催化剂明显提升了In2O3和BiOI的光催化活性,其中In2O3所占质量比为5%时,120min对罗丹明B的降解达到95.9%。
Claims (7)
1.一种In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:将In2O3分散于硝酸铋的醇溶液中,超声至分散均匀,再向其中加入碘化钾,搅拌混合反应,反应结束后静置,离心洗涤,干燥,得到In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂;
其中,所述氧化铟的制备方法如下,将InCl3溶于去离子水中,向其中再加入葡萄糖和尿素,转入反应釜中180℃水热反应8h,反应结束后,将沉淀离心、洗涤、烘干,再转入马弗炉中500℃下煅烧2h,得到棒状氧化铟。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,硝酸铋与碘化钾的摩尔比为1:1,In2O3的用量为In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂质量的1~8%。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,硝酸铋的醇溶液中,所述醇为乙二醇。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,
搅拌混合反应的反应温度为常温,反应时间为4-8h。
5.一种In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂,其特征在于,是通过权利要求1~4任一项所述制备方法制得的,由In2O3和BiOI结合组成,其中,In2O3的质量百分含量为1~8%,BiOI的质量百分为92~99%。
6.将权利要求5所述的In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂用于光催化降解罗丹明B的用途。
7.如权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,In2O3/BiOI半导体复合光催化剂中氧化铟的质量百分含量为5%时, In2O3/BiOI复合光催化剂在可见光条件下反应120min后罗丹明B的降解率达到95.9%。
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