CN108547257B

CN108547257B - Protection pad for preventing water and soil loss of bank slope and river ecological bank slope protection system

Info

Publication number: CN108547257B
Application number: CN201810427413.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴茵; 周晓清; 尹衍栋; 熊伟
Original assignee: Chongqing Newaytech Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Newaytech Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-05-07
Filing date: 2018-05-07
Publication date: 2023-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2038-05-07
Also published as: CN108547257A

Abstract

The invention discloses a protection pad for preventing water and soil loss of a bank slope and a river ecological bank slope protection system, wherein the protection pad is formed by weaving warp yarns and weft yarns which are perpendicular to each other, the protection pad comprises a plurality of regularly arranged structural units, each structural unit is in a quadrangular pyramid shape, adjacent structural units are mutually connected through corresponding bottom edges, pyramid vertexes of each structural unit are supporting parts which are abutted against the surface of the bank slope, and bottom edges of each structural unit are buffer parts which are relatively far away from the surface of the bank slope. The protection pad for preventing water and soil loss of the bank slope can improve the attachment capability of vegetation on the surface of the bank slope, protect the bank slope from being corroded by water power, and ensure that the engineering durability of the protection pad can reach more than 50 years.

Description

Protection pad for preventing water and soil loss of bank slope and river ecological bank slope protection system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of river ecological restoration, in particular to a protection pad for preventing water and soil loss of a bank slope and a river protection system.

Background

Rain runoff, river and lake waves and traveling waves formed by rainfall erode the bank slope, so that water and soil loss is caused, and the water and soil loss can have adverse effects on water quality, such as nutrient salt and pesticide pollutants are conveyed to a water body, fish spawning is destroyed, and aquatic habitat is damaged.

In the prior art, hard erosion control technologies, such as concrete blocks, rock grouting facing or gabions, are generally used for preventing soil from being eroded, and although these measures can bear huge hydraulic power, the measures are generally expensive in cost and are unfavorable for ecological restoration and water quality purification by adopting ecological measures.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a protection pad for preventing water and soil loss of a bank slope and a river protection system, which can effectively protect the bank slope of a river and prevent water and soil loss.

The utility model provides a protection pad for preventing bank slope soil erosion and water loss, the protection pad is woven by mutually perpendicular warp and weft and forms, the protection pad includes a plurality of regular structural unit of arranging, and each structural unit is quadrangular pyramid, and adjacent structural unit links up each other through the base that corresponds, and the pyramid summit of each structural unit is the supporting part that leans on mutually with bank slope surface, and the base of each structural unit is the buffer portion that keeps away from bank slope surface relatively.

Because of the shape of the woven structure, each structural element is not strictly quadrangular, allowing a small bending deformation at the edges, and the faces of the pyramid are not strictly planar, allowing a small bending deformation.

Adjacent structural units are mutually connected through corresponding bottom edges, the protection pad is provided with a fluctuation structure relative to the surface of the bank slope, the fluctuation structure comprises wave troughs relatively close to the surface of the bank slope and wave crests relatively far away from the surface of the bank slope, the supporting parts are used as the wave troughs, and the buffer parts are wave crests.

Except the mutually staggered weaving structures, other fixing structures do not exist between each warp and each weft, and when the warp and each weft are subjected to hydraulic impact or other external force impact, the warp and each weft can mutually slide to generate deformation so as to offset impact force.

In the weaving process of the protection pad, the tension of the warp and the weft is controlled, or the thread taking-up mechanism is utilized to form the rectangular pyramid structure of each structural unit, so that no additional heat is required to be applied.

After the buffer parts of the adjacent structural units are connected with each other, a buffer cavity is formed between the buffer parts and the surface of the bank slope, and when the bank slope is impacted by hydraulic impact or other external force, the impact force of water can be partially counteracted through deformation of the buffer parts, so that the effect of protecting the bank slope is achieved.

Except that the protection pad can resist the impact of water power and other external forces, the net structure woven by warps and wefts can form a protection effect on vegetation and soil, is favorable for enhancing the development of nutrient roots and nutrient stems, improves the attachment capacity of natural vegetation, and resists stronger water power impact on stable slopes, river banks and river channels.

The net structure woven by the warp and the weft not only can reduce the flow rate of water and reduce the scouring action on plant roots, but also can remove particle pollutants through the actions of precipitation, soil infiltration and the like, so that the attractiveness of the bank slope is maintained.

The protection pad can prevent the erosion of water power to shore slope soil, stabilizes soil simultaneously, can be used to rainwater detention pond, cistern, small-size open channel, drainage ditch, river bank, coast and runoff conveying system. The protection pad can also be used for modifying the existing hard facing system, can improve aesthetic effect besides improving water quality, and is particularly suitable for soil-barren areas.

The distance between the buffer part and the support part determines the distance between the buffer part and the surface of the bank slope, and influences the buffer performance to a certain extent, and in order to ensure the impact effect of external force such as the abutting water power, preferably, the distance between the buffer part and the support part is 5-10 mm in the thickness direction of the protection pad.

Preferably, each structural unit is woven from at least 20 warp yarns and at least 20 weft yarns.

The number of the warp threads and the weft threads of each structural unit determines the grid density of each structural unit to a certain extent, and each structural unit needs to maintain certain supporting strength to resist the impact of external force, and meanwhile, each warp thread and each weft thread has certain shape recovery capability after the external force is withdrawn.

Preferably, the structural units are continuously arranged along the extending directions of the warp and the weft, respectively, and the warp and the weft are interwoven with each other at the edge line part of the rectangular pyramid.

Each structural unit is respectively arranged along a straight line on the warp and the weft, and the warp and the weft are mutually interwoven at the edge line part of the rectangular pyramid so as to form and support the rectangular pyramid structure.

In the case of knitting, each warp yarn is usually one fiber, each weft yarn is one fiber, and in a special case, two or more fibers may be used in parallel as one warp yarn or one weft yarn, for example, warp yarn and weft yarn which need to pass through the apex of a pyramid.

The warp and weft are natural or synthetic fibers, and in order to ensure the service life of the protection pad, preferably, the warp and weft are non-degradable synthetic fibers. Further preferably, the warp and the weft each adopt at least one of polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, nylon fiber and polyester fiber. Most preferably, the warp and weft are polypropylene fibers.

The warp and weft may be made of the same fiber or different fibers.

In order to secure durability of the protective pad, it is preferable that a flame retardant and an ultraviolet stabilizer are added to each of the warp and weft.

The protective pad has high tensile modulus and ultraviolet degradation resistance, and is inert to chemical substances in soil. The protection pad is different from a temporarily used anti-erosion product, can permanently protect plant seeds and soil on the surface of a bank slope, improves germination rate, and assists in establishing permanent vegetation.

The protection pad is suitable for being used under various climatic conditions, can be applied to most places needing long-time erosion control, and can be used for assisting in building natural vegetation even in arid, semiarid and high-altitude areas with limited nutrient growth and slow or difficult vegetation building.

The protection pad is required to have a certain strength, preferably, the protection pad has a longitudinal tensile strength of not less than 58KN/m and a transverse tensile strength of not less than 45KN/m.

The longitudinal and transverse directions are relative concepts, i.e. the tensile strength in one direction is not less than 58KN/m and the tensile strength in the other direction is not less than 45KN/m. In actual use, the transverse direction (i.e., the direction of lesser tensile strength) is parallel to the horizontal plane.

Preferably, the warp threads and the weft threads are separated from one another on the pyramid sides of the individual structural units.

The fact that the warp threads and the weft threads are separated from each other on the side surface of the pyramid with respect to the bottom surface of the pyramid means that the warp threads and the weft threads extend independently from each other on the side surface of the pyramid without a structure of being staggered up and down with respect to each other.

Preferably, the diameters of the warp and weft are each 0.4mm to 1.0mm. Further preferably, the diameters of the warp and weft are each 0.4mm to 0.8mm. The diameters of the warp and the weft are respectively 0.5 mm-0.6 mm.

The diameters of the warp and weft may be the same or different, preferably the diameters of the warp and weft are the same.

The bank slope described in the present invention does not strictly refer to river banks and reservoir banks, and is used to refer generally to a slope land adjacent to water and possibly impacted by water power. The protection pad is fixed on the surface of the bank slope by selecting a proper anchoring device according to the specific soil property and slope conditions of the site.

The invention also provides a river ecological bank slope protection system, which comprises a reverse filter pad and the protection pad which are sequentially paved on the bank slope, and the protection pad and the reverse filter pad are fixed on the bank slope through an anchoring device. The reverse filter pad is woven by polypropylene fibers, and has water permeability and non-clogging property after long-term use.

The protection pad for preventing water and soil loss of the bank slope can improve the attachment capability of vegetation on the surface of the bank slope, protect the bank slope from being corroded by water power, and ensure that the engineering durability of the protection pad can reach more than 50 years.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a protective mat for preventing soil erosion of a bank slope according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structural unit of the protection mat for preventing water and soil loss on a bank slope according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of warp or weft in the protection pad for preventing soil erosion of a bank slope according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;

fig. 4a is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 4;

fig. 4B is an enlarged view of the portion B in fig. 4;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an anchoring device in the river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of an anchor head of an anchor device in a river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of an anchor head of an anchor device in a river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;

FIG. 8a is a schematic view of a carrier plate of an anchor device in a river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;

FIG. 8b is a schematic view of another angle of the bearing plate of the anchoring device in the river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;

fig. 9a to 9d are flowcharts of operation when the anchoring device in the river ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention is used.

In the figure: 1. an anchor head; 1a, an anchor head body; 1b, connecting plates; 1c, wing plates; 1d, a channel; 1e, connecting holes; 1f, a guide groove; 2. an anchor cable; 3. a carrying plate; 3a, a frame; 3b, spokes; 3c, anti-skid convex points; 4. a locking device; 4a, locking blocks; 4b, a guide channel; 4c, a base; 4d, a spring; 4e, a top cover; 4f, a limiting part; 5. an anchor cable channel; 6. a guide rod; 7a, grooves; 7b, grooves; 8. an anchoring device; 9. a protective pad; 10. and a reverse filter pad.

Detailed Description

The protection pad for preventing water and soil loss of the bank slope and the river ecological bank slope protection system are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the protection pad for preventing water and soil loss of a bank slope is formed by weaving warp yarns and weft yarns which are perpendicular to each other, and comprises a plurality of regularly arranged structural units.

As shown in fig. 1, each structural unit is in a quadrangular pyramid shape, five points A, B, C, D, E in the drawing are endpoints of one structural unit, wherein a plane formed by A, B, C, D is a bottom surface of a quadrangular pyramid (the bottom surface can be rectangular or square), a point E is a pyramid vertex of the quadrangular pyramid, the point E is not located on the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid, in a use state, the point E abuts against a bank slope surface to serve as a supporting part, the point A, B, C, D is relatively far away from the bank slope surface, and sides AB, BC, CD and DA serve as buffering parts.

The side faces of the rectangular pyramid are woven by warps and wefts, and the bottom face of the rectangular pyramid is free of a solid warp and weft woven structure, and is limited by the space positions of the side faces of the rectangular pyramid.

The distance between the point E and the bottom surface of the rectangular pyramid is the distance between the buffer part and the supporting part, and the distance between the buffer part and the supporting part is 5-10 mm.

Each structural unit is continuously arranged along the extension direction of the warp and the weft, and adjacent structural units are mutually connected through corresponding bottom edges.

The warp and the weft are respectively woven by polypropylene fibers, and a flame retardant and an ultraviolet stabilizer are added in the polypropylene fibers. Polyethylene fibers, nylon fibers, or polyester fibers may also be used for the warp and weft.

The longitudinal tensile strength of the protection pad is not less than 58KN/m, and the transverse tensile strength is not less than 45KN/m.

The woven structure of one of the structural elements is shown in fig. 2, where the broken lines are not the structure of the protective pad, but merely by way of reference to facilitate understanding of the structural elements. A. The five points B, C, D, E are the end points of one structural unit, wherein the plane formed by A, B, C, D is the bottom surface of a rectangular pyramid, and the intersection point E of the line AC (i.e. the line connecting the points A and C) and the line BD (i.e. the line connecting the points B and D) is the pyramid vertex of the rectangular pyramid.

The warp threads and the weft threads are separated from each other on the prismatic sides of the structural unit, and the warp threads and the weft threads are interwoven with each other at the ridge line parts of the rectangular pyramid, i.e. on the lines AC and BD.

The interweaving of the warp and the weft means that the warp and the weft change the up-down relationship at least once at the ridge (the warp covers the weft, the warp is above and the weft is below), for example, on one of the pyramid sides, the warp is above the weft, on the adjacent pyramid side (the adjacent pyramid sides refer to two pyramid sides sharing one ridge), the warp is below the weft, and the number of times the warp and the weft change the up-down relationship at the ridge is an odd number. In this embodiment, the number of times of changing the vertical relationship between the warp and the weft is 3, that is, in the point BCE area, the warp is located above the weft, and in the ridge BE, the warp is located below the weft with respect to the weft, respectively.

In the area surrounded by the points B, F (the vertices of the rectangular pyramid of the adjacent structural units) and C, E, the warp distance in the EF direction is relatively short, so that the weft extending in the BC direction is raised relatively to form the side surface of the rectangular pyramid, that is, EF and BC are different-plane straight lines, and the distance between the EF and BC is the distance between the buffer part and the support part.

The structure of the protection pad can also be understood from another angle, as shown in fig. 3, the warp threads and the weft threads perpendicular to each other in the protection pad are all arranged in a wavy structure with undulation as shown in fig. 3 (each circle represents a cross section of one warp thread or weft thread, the number of circles is only schematic, and does not represent the actual number, namely, the distance H between the peaks and valleys of the warp threads and the weft threads, namely, the distance between the supporting part and the buffer part, namely, the thickness of the protection pad), and the warp threads and the weft threads are interwoven at the mutually intersected parts, namely, the edge line parts of the rectangular pyramid.

Each structural unit is formed by weaving 20 warps and 20 wefts, and the diameters of the warps and the wefts are respectively 0.5-0.6 mm.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 4, 4a and 4b, the river ecological bank slope protection system comprises a reverse filter pad 10 and a protection pad 9 which are sequentially paved on a river bank slope, and the protection pad 9 and the reverse filter pad 10 are fixed on the bank slope by using an anchoring device 8.

Two grooves extending along the horizontal direction are arranged on the river bank slope, wherein the groove 7a is positioned below the lowest water level L, the groove 7b is positioned above the highest water level H, and the upper and lower edges of the reverse filter pad 10 and the protection pad 9 extend into the corresponding grooves and are fixed at the bottoms of the grooves through the anchoring devices 8. The distance between two adjacent anchoring devices 8 is 0.8 m-1.0 m.

The structure of the protection pad 9 adopts the structure described in embodiment 1, and the structure of the anchoring device 8 is as shown in fig. 5, including: the anchor head 1 embedded in the soil body, the bearing plate 3 abutted against the protection pad 9 and the anchor cable 2 connected between the anchor head 1 and the bearing plate 3.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the anchor head 1 includes an anchor head body 1a, and a connection plate 1b connected to the anchor head body 1 a.

The anchor head body 1a is approximately rod-shaped, a channel 1d extending along the axis of the rod body is arranged in the anchor head body 1a, one end of the anchor head body 1a is opened, the other end is closed, the channel 1d is closed, and the penetrating end is formed by gradual convergence.

As shown in fig. 6, the end of the penetrating end is substantially tapered, and three guide grooves 1f for reducing resistance are provided in parallel with each other on the penetrating end, each of the guide grooves 1f extending in the axial direction of the anchor head body 1 a. The end face of the anchor head body 1a remote from the piercing end is arranged obliquely with respect to the axis of the anchor head body 1 a.

As shown in fig. 6, the plane of the connecting plate 1b is parallel to the axial direction of the anchor head body 1a, a connecting hole 1e is arranged on the connecting plate 1b, and the connecting hole 1e is positioned in the middle of the anchor head body 1 a. The connecting plate 1b and the anchor head body 1a are of an integrated structure.

The anchor cable 2 is a flexible anchor cable 2, and the end part of the anchor cable 2 penetrates through the connecting hole 1e and is knotted, namely, the anchor cable 2 and the connecting plate 1b are fixedly connected in a winding and knotting mode.

As another embodiment of the anchor head 1, as shown in fig. 7, two wings 1c for applying force to soil are fixed on the anchor head body 1a, the wings 1c are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the anchor head body 1a, the edges of the wings 1c are smooth, and the wings 1c are parallel to the axis of the anchor head body 1 a. The anchor head body 1a, the connecting plate 1b and the wing plate 1c are of an integrated structure.

As shown in fig. 8a and 8b, the carrying plate 3 includes a regular hexagonal frame 3a and spokes 3b connecting the vertices and the center of the regular hexagon, and a triangular hollow area is defined between each spoke 3b and the corresponding frame 3 a.

As shown in fig. 8b, four anti-slip bumps 3c are provided on one side of each spoke 3b, which is abutted against the protection pad 9, and the anti-slip bumps 3c are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the spoke 3 b.

As shown in fig. 8a and 8b, a locking device 4 is fixed in the middle of the carrier plate 3, and as shown in fig. 5, the locking device 4 includes: the anchor cable 2 is fixed by the support fixed in the middle of the bearing plate 3, the guide channel 4b arranged in the support, the locking block 4a which is positioned in the guide channel 4b and acts with the anchor cable 2, and the spring 4d which is positioned in the guide channel 4b and applies acting force to the locking block 4a to fix the anchor cable 2.

The support is equipped with the anchor rope passageway 5 of intercommunication each other with loading board 3, and direction passageway 4b is linked together with anchor rope passageway 5, and from loading board 3 keep away from protection pad 9 one side to lean on protection pad 9 one side (i.e. the arrow in the figure indicates the direction), and direction passageway 4b is close to anchor rope passageway 5 gradually and communicates with anchor rope passageway 5, and the one end that direction passageway 4b and anchor rope passageway 5 communicate is equipped with the spacing portion 4f that blocks latch segment 4 a.

The support comprises a base 4c and a top cover 4e, the base 4c and the bearing plate 3 are of an integrated structure, and the top cover 4e and the base 4c are matched to enclose a guide channel 4b. The base 4c is located on the side of the bearing plate 3 facing the protection pad 9, and the top cover 4e is settled on the side of the bearing plate 3 away from the protection pad 9.

The locking block 4a is spherical, one end of the spring 4d is fixedly connected with the top cover 4e, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the locking block 4 a.

The anchor cable 2, the anchor head 1 and the bearing plate 3 are all made of durable and corrosion-resistant materials.

The construction process of the anchoring device 8 is as shown in fig. 9a to 9 d:

(1) The guide rod 6 is inserted into a channel 1d of the anchor head body 1a, the anchor head 1 is inserted into the underground design depth by adopting a vibration driving method, and the anchor head 1 sequentially penetrates through the protection pad 9, the reverse filtering pad 10 and the soil body;

(2) The guide rod 6 is taken out, the anchor rope 2 passes through the bearing plate 3 and the anchor rope channel 5 in the locking device 4, the anchor rope 2 is tensioned by a tensioner, and the anchor head 1 rotates in the soil body along the arrow shown in figure 9 c;

(3) After the anchor cable 2 is tensioned, the redundant length of the anchor cable 2 is sheared, the operation is completed, and the anchor head 1 and the bearing plate 3 are pulled to be close to each other by the tensioning force of the anchor cable 2 so as to clamp and fix the protection pad 9 and the reverse filtering pad 10 and stabilize the soil body.

Modifications and variations of the above embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, but some modifications and changes of the invention should be also included in the scope of the claims of the invention. In addition, although specific terms are used in the present specification, these terms are for convenience of description only and do not limit the present invention in any way.

Claims

1. The protection pad is formed by weaving warp yarns and weft yarns which are perpendicular to each other, and is characterized by comprising a plurality of structural units which are regularly arranged, wherein each structural unit is in a quadrangular pyramid shape, adjacent structural units are mutually connected through corresponding bottom edges, pyramid vertexes of each structural unit are supporting parts which are abutted against the surface of the bank slope, and the bottom edges of each structural unit are buffer parts which are relatively far away from the surface of the bank slope;

the warp and the weft adopt at least one of polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, nylon fiber and polyester fiber respectively.

2. The protective pad for preventing soil erosion of a bank slope according to claim 1, wherein the buffer portion is spaced from the support portion by a distance of 5 to 10mm in a thickness direction of the protective pad.

3. The protective mat for preventing soil erosion of a landslide of claim 1 wherein each structural unit is woven from at least 20 warp yarns and at least 20 weft yarns.

4. The protective pad for preventing soil erosion of a bank slope according to claim 1, wherein each of the structural units is continuously arranged along the extending direction of the warp and the weft, respectively, the warp and the weft being interwoven with each other at the ridge portion of the rectangular pyramid.

5. The protective mat for preventing soil erosion of a bank slope as set forth in claim 1 wherein said warp and weft are each added with a flame retardant and an ultraviolet stabilizer.

6. The protective mat for preventing water and soil loss on a bank slope according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal tensile strength of the protective mat is not less than 58KN/m and the transverse tensile strength is not less than 45KN/m.

7. A protective mat for preventing soil erosion of a bank slope as in claim 1 wherein the warp and weft threads are separated from each other on the pyramid sides of each structural unit.

8. The protective pad for preventing soil erosion of a bank slope as set forth in claim 1 wherein the warp and weft each have a diameter of 0.4mm to 1.0mm.