CN108539417B - Circular polarization orbit angular momentum reflective array antenna - Google Patents
Circular polarization orbit angular momentum reflective array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108539417B CN108539417B CN201810384904.7A CN201810384904A CN108539417B CN 108539417 B CN108539417 B CN 108539417B CN 201810384904 A CN201810384904 A CN 201810384904A CN 108539417 B CN108539417 B CN 108539417B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
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Abstract
The invention provides a circularly polarized orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna, which is used for improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna and comprises a feed source antenna unit and a reflector, wherein the feed source antenna unit adopts a circularly polarized antenna, the radiation direction of the feed source antenna unit faces to one side of each dielectric material plate printed with a radiation patch on the reflector, and the feed source antenna unit is relatively fixed with the reflector; the reflector comprises NxN radiation units which are periodically and equidistantly arranged, N is larger than or equal to 2, each radiation unit comprises a dielectric material plate, a radiation patch printed on one side surface of the dielectric material plate and a metal floor printed on the other side surface of the dielectric material plate, the phase of each radiation unit is determined by an orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna phase compensation formula, the compensation of each phase is realized by a rotating unit method, each radiation patch comprises two concentric annular patches, a pair of rectangular gaps is respectively arranged on one axis of each annular patch through the center of a circle, and the control of an antenna phase shift curve is realized by adjusting the radius of the outer annular patch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a circularly polarized orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna which can be used in the technical field of wireless communication.
Background
According to the classical electrodynamic theory, electromagnetic radiation can carry energy and angular momentum, the spin angular momentum SAM describing the polarization state and the orbit angular momentum OAM describing the spiral phase structure jointly form the angular momentum, and the electromagnetic wave carrying the orbit angular momentum is called vortex electromagnetic wave. OAM multiplexing is a frequency-sharing spectrum resource technology in a frequency public mode, different orbital angular momentum and transmission information are modulated on the same carrier frequency, the spectrum utilization efficiency is greatly improved, and the problem of spectrum resource shortage in the field of wireless communication can be solved.
Because the environment of the antenna application becomes complicated, the traditional linear polarization antenna can not meet the communication requirement sometimes, compared with the prior art, the circularly polarized antenna can receive the linear polarization wave in any polarization direction, and simultaneously the signal transmitted by the traditional linear polarization antenna can also be received by the linear polarization antenna in any polarization direction, and has the rotation direction orthogonality, and particularly, the circularly polarized antenna is widely applied to the radio fields of aerospace vehicles, polarization diversity of wireless communication and radar, global positioning and the like.
At present, in combination with the research progress of orbital angular momentum in the related field, there are two main ways of generating and transmitting orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic waves, namely a spiral parabolic antenna and an array antenna, wherein the spiral parabolic antenna and the array antenna generate orbital angular momentum radio beams in any mode by adjusting the distance between two ends of a parabolic opening; the latter generates the desired orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic wave by controlling the phase difference of the array element radiation field. However, the OAM spiral parabolic antenna also has obvious disadvantages, such as high cost and difficult fabrication, and the spiral parabolic antenna structure adopted in the experiment is a single structure, not suitable for continuous phase control; the radius of the dipole array antenna is as high as several meters to dozens of meters, expected modal values can be generated only by extremely small errors during array arrangement, requirements on applicable places and conditions are strict, and application value in an actual communication system is not high. For the microstrip reflective array antenna, the vortex electromagnetic wave has the phase wavefront which continuously changes in a spiral form, the orbital angular momentum antenna has continuous phase change, the reflective array can be subjected to random phase matching, the generated electromagnetic wave can have any phase wavefront, and therefore the vortex electromagnetic wave can be conveniently generated, and the vortex electromagnetic wave can be efficiently generated by the reflective array antenna by redesigning the phase distribution of the reflective array.
The traditional orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna meets a phase compensation formula of the orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna by designing the phase of a reflecting unit in the reflective array antenna, and the traditional orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna is produced by the formulaA vortex electromagnetic wave with a continuously changing phase front in a spiral form. For example, patent application with application publication No. CN 105680162 a entitled "orbital angular momentum multi-beam generation method" discloses an orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna, in which coordinates (0, 0, 0.4) meter of a feed antenna unit are set, that is, 0 of an x axis, 0 of a y axis, 0.4 of a z axis, the total number N of reflective units is 20, the distance between the centers of two adjacent reflective array units is 20 mm, and the beam radiation direction is the same as that of the reflective array antenna
And then according to the geometric position, the working frequency and the required orbital angular momentum mode, calculating a required compensation phase matrix of each reflecting unit by using a phase compensation formula of the orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic wave reflecting array, adopting a simple rectangular radiation patch, and then compensating the required phase by changing the size of each reflecting array unit to generate a plurality of orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic wave beams with vortex wave fronts in the set direction. The invention generates multi-mode orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic waves by controlling the phase compensation of the reflective array unit, but because the radiation patch has a simple structure and adopts a variable-size mode to compensate the phase, only linearly polarized orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic waves can be realized, and the anti-interference capability is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a circularly polarized orbital angular momentum antenna which is used for generating vortex electromagnetic waves with the characteristics of circular polarization and orbital angular momentum and improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna.
A circular polarization orbit angular momentum reflective array antenna comprises a feed source antenna unit 1 and a reflector 2; the reflector 2 comprises NxN radiation units 21 which are periodically arranged at equal intervals, N is more than or equal to 2, each radiation unit 21 comprises a dielectric material plate 212, a radiation patch 211 printed on one side surface of the dielectric material plate 212 and a metal floor 213 printed on the other side surface of the dielectric material plate, the phase of each radiation unit 21 is determined by an orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna phase compensation formula, and the compensation of each phase is realized by a rotating unit method; the radiation direction of the feed source antenna unit 1 faces to one side of each dielectric material plate 212 printed with the radiation patch 211 on the reflector 2, and is relatively fixed with the reflector 2; the feed source antenna unit 1 adopts a circularly polarized antenna; the radiation patches 211 comprise two concentric circular patches, each circular patch is provided with a pair of rectangular gaps on an axis passing through the circle center, and the control of an antenna phase shift curve is realized by adjusting the radius of the outer circular patch.
In the circular polarization orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna, the phase compensation formula of the orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna is as follows:
wherein k is0Is free space beam, d is the distance between the phase center of the feed source antenna unit and the radiation patch, x and y are the coordinate positions of each radiation unit on the coordinate axis of the feed source antenna unit, theta, respectively, with the geometric center of the reflector as the origin, the side printed with the radiation patch as the xoy plane, and the z axis pointing to0Is the angle of the reflected beam with the positive y-axis,
is the included angle between the reflected beam and the positive direction of the z axis, and l is the mode number of the orbital angular momentum.
In the circular polarization orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna, the dielectric material plate 212 is a square plate, and the geometric center of the square plate is coaxial with the geometric center of the radiating patch 211.
The feed antenna unit 1 is a horn antenna, the phase center of the feed antenna unit 1 is located on a normal line passing through the geometric center of the reflector 2, the radiation direction of the feed antenna unit is perpendicular to each radiation patch 211, and the distance from the phase center of the feed antenna unit 1 to the center of one side of each dielectric material plate 212 printed with the radiation patch 211 on the reflector 2 is greater than half of the side length of the reflector 2.
The circular polarization orbit angular momentum reflective array antenna comprises the radiation patches 211, wherein the axes of the rectangular gaps on the inner circular patch and the outer circular patch are perpendicular to each other, and the widths of the two circular patches and the widths of the rectangular gaps on the patches are equal.
In the circular polarization orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna, the pair of rectangular slots on each circular patch of the radiating patch 211 is symmetrical to the axis perpendicular to the axis of the pair of rectangular slots.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the radiation patch comprises two concentric circular ring patches, a pair of rectangular gaps is respectively arranged on an axis of each circular ring patch passing through the center of a circle, the radius of the outer circular ring patch is adjusted, so that the phase change curves of the polarization electric fields of the radiation patch along the x axis and the y axis keep about 180-degree reflection phase difference in a wide frequency band at two sides of central frequency, the phase of each radiation unit is determined by an orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna phase compensation formula, the phase compensation is realized by a rotation unit method, and vortex electromagnetic waves with the characteristics of orbital angular momentum and circular polarization are generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation unit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a radiation patch of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a phase compensation profile for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing simulation results of reflected phase shifts of x and y linearly polarized waves in two orthogonal directions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional radiation pattern of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an electric field phase distribution diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
referring to fig. 1, the circular polarization orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna provided by the invention comprises a feed antenna unit 1 and a reflector 2, wherein the reflector 2 comprises 11 × 11 periodic equidistantly arranged radiating elements 21, the overall size of the radiating elements is 110mm × 110mm × 8mm, the radiating elements 21 comprise a dielectric material plate 212, and a radiating patch 211 printed on one side surface of the dielectric material plate 212 and a metal floor 213 printed on the other side surface of the dielectric material plate 212, wherein the dielectric material plate 212 is a square plate, and the geometric center of the square plate is coaxial with the geometric center of the radiating patch 211.
The feed source antenna unit 1 adopts a circular horn antenna, in order to radiate circularly polarized wave beams, an opening surface of a circular waveguide is gradually expanded, the opening radius is 15mm, the phase center of the feed source antenna unit is positioned on a normal line passing through the geometric center of the reflector 2, the radiation direction is vertical to the radiation patch 211, the focal length ratio is selected to be 1, namely, the distance from the phase center of the feed source antenna unit 1 to the center of one side of each dielectric material plate 212 printed with the radiation patch 211 on the reflector 2 is equal to the side length 110mm of the reflector 2, as the horn antenna belongs to a high-gain antenna, and the radiation directional diagram is strong, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves can be effectively radiated, and as the feed source antenna unit 1 of the reflective array antenna, the overall gain of the.
For the reflective array antenna, the phase of each reflective array unit can be designed at will to generate a radiation beam in any direction, no additional power division network is needed, unnecessary loss in a feed network is avoided, complexity of the antenna is reduced, and due to the freedom of phase design of the reflective array antenna, the reflective array antenna can produce any phase wavefront, and the compensation phase required by each radiation unit 21 can be determined by a phase compensation formula of the reflective array antenna, and the expression is as follows:
wherein k is0D represents the distance from the phase center of the feed antenna unit to the radiation patch, x and y are respectively the origin of the geometric center of the reflector, and the free space beam number is printedOne side with the radiation patch is an xoy surface, and the z axis points to the coordinate position theta of each radiation unit on the coordinate axis of the feed source antenna unit0Is the angle of the reflected beam with the positive y-axis,
is the angle of the reflected beam with the positive z-axis.
Because vortex electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum with different mode numbers are perpendicular to each other, the vortex electromagnetic waves with different mode numbers are not influenced mutually, the utilization rate of frequency spectrum resources and the system capacity can be improved, and vortex electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum are generated, and extra vortex electromagnetic waves need to be added into common electromagnetic waves
l represents the mode number of orbital angular momentum, generates spiral electric field phase distribution, and has certain divergence effect at the central position of the vortex electromagnetic wave.
Due to the adoption of the circularly polarized feed antenna unit 1, in order to successfully receive circularly polarized radiation beams and converge the beams to generate the required circularly polarized orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic waves, the phase of each radiation unit 21 and the radiation patch 211 need to be designed. The phase compensation of the radiation unit 21 can be determined by the orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna phase compensation formula, which is expressed as:
in order to generate a vortex electromagnetic wave which carries the orbital angular momentum mode number l 2 and is perpendicular to the reflector 2 and directed to the feed antenna unit 1, d 110mm, k is selected0＝3.2×109rad/m，
θ0The specific phase distribution of each radiation unit 21 at 10GHz is calculated according to the orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna phase compensation formula as shown in fig. 4.
The radiation patch 211 comprises two concentric ring patches, each ring patch is provided with a pair of rectangular gaps on an axis passing through the center of a circle, the axes at the rectangular gaps on the inner ring patch and the outer ring patch are perpendicular to each other, the widths of the two ring patches are equal to the widths of the rectangular gaps on the patches, the length of each rectangular gap is 1mm, the width of each rectangular gap is 0.5mm, the interval d1 between the two concentric rings is 1.2mm, and the pair of rectangular gaps on each ring patch are symmetrical to the axis perpendicular to the axis at which the pair of rectangular gaps are located, and the specific structure is as shown in fig. 3.
The invention uses the rotary unit method to compensate the phase of each radiation unit 21, adjusts the radius of the outer ring patch, realizes the control of the antenna phase shift curve, selects the radius R2 of the outer ring to be 3.8mm, ensures the reflection phase shift of x and y two orthogonal direction linear polarization waves to keep the reflection phase difference of about 180 degrees in the wide frequency band at the two sides of the central frequency, and the phase of the radiation unit 21 required to be compensated
The following relationship exists with its rotation angle ψ:
i.e. the phase compensation required by the cell is 2 times its rotation angle.
According to the basic design idea of the rotary unit method: the size of the radiation unit 21 is kept unchanged, and the reflection phase required by the radiation unit 21 at different positions can be compensated only by rotating the radiation patches 211 printed on the dielectric material plates 212 on the reflector 2 by half of the phase compensation required according to the phase distribution condition of the vortex electromagnetic wave with the mode number l equal to 2 calculated in fig. 4, so that the circularly polarized vortex electromagnetic wave with high gain and orbital angular momentum is generated, and the anti-interference capability of the antenna is effectively improved.
The effect of the invention can be further explained by combining the simulation result:
1. emulated content
1.1 simulation calculation of the reflected phase shift of the x and y two orthogonal direction linear polarized waves in the above embodiment was performed by using commercial simulation software HFSS _13.0, and the result is shown in fig. 5.
1.2 the two-dimensional radiation pattern at 10GHz in the above example was calculated by simulation using commercial simulation software HFSS — 13.0, the result of which is shown in fig. 6.
1.3 the three-dimensional radiation pattern at 10GHz in the above example was calculated by simulation using commercial simulation software HFSS — 13.0, the result of which is shown in fig. 7.
1.4 simulation calculation was performed on the electric field phase distribution at 10GHz in the above-described embodiment using commercial simulation software HFSS-13.0, and the result is shown in FIG. 8.
2. Simulation result
Referring to fig. 5, in the embodiment, the phase difference of the polarized electric fields of the antenna along the x axis and the y axis is kept at about 180 degrees within 8 GHz-12 GHz in the frequency band, which meets the basic requirement of designing the circular polarized reflective array antenna by the rotating unit method.
Referring to fig. 6, in the embodiment, the left-hand circularly polarized gain of the antenna at 10GHz is greater than that of the right-hand circularly polarized wave within 3dB of the wave width, and a certain hollow phenomenon occurs around 0 °, and the electromagnetic wave radiated by the reflective array is left-hand circularly polarized vortex electromagnetic wave.
Referring to fig. 7, the antenna in the embodiment has a three-dimensional radiation pattern of 10GHz, the maximum gain reaches 16dB, and a hollow phenomenon occurs at the central position due to the divergent characteristic of the vortex electromagnetic wave.
Referring to fig. 8, the antenna in the embodiment has a spiral symmetrical distribution of electric field phase at 10 GHz.
The simulation results show that the antenna has ideal circularly polarized radiation directional diagram and electric field phase distribution, and meets the design requirements of the orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna.
Claims (5)
1. A circularly polarized orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna comprises a feed source antenna unit (1) and a reflector (2); the reflector (2) comprises NxN radiation units (21) which are periodically and equidistantly arranged, N is larger than or equal to 2, each radiation unit (21) comprises a dielectric material plate (212), a radiation patch (211) printed on one side surface of the dielectric material plate (212) and a metal floor (213) printed on the other side surface of the dielectric material plate, the phase of each radiation unit (21) is determined by an orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna phase compensation formula, and the compensation of each phase is realized by a rotating unit method; the radiation direction of the feed source antenna unit (1) faces to one side of each dielectric material plate (212) printed with a radiation patch (211) on the reflector (2), and the feed source antenna unit and the reflector (2) are relatively fixed; the method is characterized in that: the feed source antenna unit (1) adopts a circularly polarized antenna; the radiation patch (211) comprises two concentric circular patches, each circular patch is provided with a pair of rectangular gaps on one axis passing through the center of a circle, and the control of an antenna phase shift curve is realized by adjusting the radius of an outer circular patch;
the phase compensation formula of the orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna is as follows:
wherein k is0Is free space wave number, d is the distance from the phase center of the feed source antenna unit to the center of the radiation patch, x and y are respectively the coordinate position of each radiation unit on the coordinate axis of the feed source antenna unit, theta, using the geometric center of the reflector as the origin, using the side printed with the radiation patch as the xoy surface, and the positive direction of the z axis0Is the angle of the reflected beam with the positive y-axis,
is the included angle between the reflected wave beam and the positive direction of the z axis, and l is the mode number of the orbital angular momentum;
the specific implementation method of the phase compensation of the radiation unit (21) comprises the following steps: according to the basic design idea of the rotating unit method, the size of the radiating unit (21) is kept unchanged, and the reflecting phase required by the radiating unit (21) at different positions can be compensated by rotating the radiating patch (211) printed on each dielectric material plate (212) on the reflector (2) by half of the phase compensation required according to the phase distribution condition of the vortex electromagnetic wave of the mode number l.
2. The circularly polarized orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric material plate (212) is a square plate having a geometric center coaxial with a geometric center of the radiating patch (211).
3. The circular polarization orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the feed antenna unit (1) is a horn antenna, the phase center of the feed antenna unit is located on a normal line passing through the geometric center of the reflector (2), the radiation direction of the feed antenna unit is perpendicular to the radiation patches (211), and the distance from the phase center of the feed antenna unit (1) to the center of one side of the reflector (2) on which the radiation patches (211) are printed on the dielectric material plates (212) is greater than half of the side length of the reflector (2).
4. The circularly polarized orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiating patches (211) have the inner circular patches and the outer circular patches with rectangular slots perpendicular to each other, and the widths of the two circular patches and the widths of the rectangular slots on the patches are equal.
5. The circularly polarized orbital angular momentum reflective array antenna according to claim 4, wherein the pair of rectangular slots of each of the radiating patches (211) is symmetrical to an axis perpendicular to the axis of the pair of rectangular slots.
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| CN116111360B (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-09-26 | 西安电子科技大学 | Design method of double circularly polarized orbital angular momentum independently controllable super-surface array |
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| ES2384836B1 (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2013-05-20 | Fundacio Privada Centre Tecnologic De Telecomunicacions De Catalunya | REFLECTARRAY TYPE ANTENNA SYSTEM. |
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| CN103730739B (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-12-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Rotary unit type dual-frequency circularly-polarizedreflective reflective array antenna |
| CN105140655B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-03-23 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | A kind of reflective array antenna based on phase delay line style reflector element |
| CN204966687U (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2016-01-13 | 宁夏大学 | Multimode OAM vortex electromagnetic wave microstrip array antenna |
| CN107645062A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2018-01-30 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of single-layer dual-frequency circularly-polarizedreflective reflective array antenna using graphene unit |
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