CN108516937B - 一种可见光引发需氧Salan-铜催化剂制备手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种可见光引发需氧Salan-铜催化剂制备手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- YNHJECZULSZAQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylporphyrin Chemical group C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC(N2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3N2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 YNHJECZULSZAQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- SBTSVTLGWRLWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) triflate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F SBTSVTLGWRLWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodospiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(C(=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) perchlorate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N eosin Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(Br)C(=O)C(Br)=C2OC2=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C21 YQGOJNYOYNNSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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- VDOINBMNOYWSMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-hydroxy-3-oxo-1h-indene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)OC)(O)CC2=C1 VDOINBMNOYWSMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTHHZARBOQNQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-oxo-1H-indene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)OC)(O)CC2=C1 KTHHZARBOQNQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBKCOFSJGXNOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-oxo-1,2-dihydroindene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)OC)CC2=C1 YBKCOFSJGXNOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPYXQEDLHPAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-1H-indene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)OC)(O)CC2=C1 KPYXQEDLHPAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVLQXSFYKRSER-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-bromo-3-oxo-1,2-dihydroindene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)OC)CC2=C1 HQVLQXSFYKRSER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFLBGGRSUUUGSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 6-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-1h-indene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)OC)(O)CC2=C1 VFLBGGRSUUUGSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJYFQVWOJMRKDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 6-bromo-3-oxo-1,2-dihydroindene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)OC)CC2=C1 HJYFQVWOJMRKDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCNGKAPNQHDQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 6-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-1h-indene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)OC)(O)CC2=C1 NCNGKAPNQHDQBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWLDPANGSGQCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 6-methoxy-3-oxo-1,2-dihydroindene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C(=O)OC)CC2=C1 QWLDPANGSGQCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSUWVBSZCOIYGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-1H-indene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound BrC1=C2CC(C(C2=CC=C1)=O)(C(=O)OC)O WSUWVBSZCOIYGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QIPCFWIEKYXBNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-methoxy-3-oxo-1,2-dihydroindene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound O=C1C(C(=O)OC)CC2=C1C=CC=C2OC QIPCFWIEKYXBNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/31—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
- C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
- C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C2602/08—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种可见光引发需氧Salan‑铜催化剂制备手性α‑羟基‑β‑酮酸酯化合物的方法,属于光催化不对称合成技术领域。该方法是在芳烃类溶剂中,可见光照射光敏剂激发氧气为活泼的单线态氧,单线态氧进攻被手性Salan‑铜催化剂活化的β‑酮酸酯化合物进行不对称催化氧化反应,制备得到具有光学活性的α‑羟基‑β‑酮酸酯化合物。本发明使用了易于合成、价格低、性质稳定的Salan‑铜催化剂,可有效的制备手性α‑羟基‑β‑酮酸酯化合物,得到非常高的收率和很好的对映选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化不对称合成技术领域,以氧气或空气为氧化剂或者最终氧原子来源,在可见光照射下激发成具有反应活性的单线态氧,利用(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基二胺衍生物为配体,三氟甲磺酸铜为中心金属的配合物为催化剂,制备手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物的方法。
背景技术
一些具有光学活性的α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物是重要的结构单元,广泛的存在于天然产物,作为中间体用于制备药物、农药和精细化工品。制备手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物最理想、简便、快捷的方法就是对映选择性的催化氧化β-酮酸酯化合物。Davis在1981年首次报道了使用Davis试剂获得手性ɑ-羟基-β-二羰基化合物的方法(TetrahedronLett.1981,22,4385-4388),但是该方法操作繁琐,反应条件较为苛刻,使用过量的手性氧化剂,成本较高,不适合生产应用。
近年来,科研工作者们报道了大量的不对称合成手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物的方法,包括1)有机催化;2)金属配合物。对于有机催化,专利WO 03/040083及文献J.Org.Chem.2004,69,8165-8167公开了用金鸡纳生物碱及其衍生物为有机催化剂,有机过氧化物为氧化剂,制备手性α-羟基-β-二羰基化合物的一种方法,其中氧化产物收率一般为80-90%,对应选择性一般为50-80%ee。发明人课题组自主开发的芳氧氨基醇类催化剂(Tetrahedron.2012,38,7973–7977),二萜类生物碱高乌甲素(Synlett.2009,16,2659–2662)也有较好的催化效果,然而,这些方法反应时间长,对映选择性不是十分理想。另外金属配合物方面,文献(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.2004,101,5810–5814)首次报道了酒石酸衍生的手性配体与四价Ti配位的金属络合物;近些年Feng课题组报道的酒石酸衍生物与Mg配位的络合物为催化剂(Adv.Synth.Catal.2013,355,1924–1930);Che报道的salen配体与Fe形成的配合物为催化剂(Chem.Commun.2014,50,7870-7873)也能获得一些较好的结果。但是,这些方法应用的氧化剂一般为结构复杂的氮杂氧杂环丙烷。这些因素限制了上述两类方法的应用。对于制备手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物,仍然需要改进更加经济环保的制备方法。而近年来,氧气或者空气作为氧化剂或最终氧原子来源的方法得到了发展,尤其是利用可见光活化氧气从而催化氧化有机反应更是得到了化学家们的重视。发明人课题组自主开发有机催化剂金鸡纳碱衍生物与四苯基卟啉光敏剂协同作用(Chem.Asian J.2012,7,2019-2023),肖文精课题组利用Box-Ni催化剂和光敏剂催化氧化反应(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,63-66)。然而,这些方法对反应物的范围有局限,限制了它们的广泛应用。因此,本发明在能源和环境保护方面提供了一个更加可持续的制备手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种以氧气或者是空气为氧化剂或者最终氧原子来源的可见光催化β-酮酸酯化合物不对称α-羟基化反应方法。手性(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基二胺衍生物为配体(Salan)的铜配合物为催化剂,在可见光照射下光敏剂四苯基卟啉激发氧气为活泼的单线态氧与β-酮酸酯化合物(Ⅲ)相互作用,进行不对称α-羟基化反应,制备α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物(Ⅳ)的方法。
本发明的技术方案:
一种可见光引发需氧Salan-铜催化剂制备手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物的方法,步骤如下:在芳烃类溶剂中,可见光照射光敏剂激发氧气为单线态氧,单线态氧进攻被手性Salan-铜催化剂活化的β-酮酸酯化合物进行不对称催化氧化反应,制备得到具有光学活性的α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物。
所述的手性Salan-铜催化剂为(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基二胺衍生物Salan-铜催化剂,结构如式I:
其中,配合物为氯化铜、高氯酸铜、乙酸铜、乙酰丙酮铜或三氟甲磺酸铜;配体如式II:
其中,(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基二胺为连接链;R’和R”为卤素、NO2、氰基、C2-C8烷基、C5-C6环烷基、C2-C8烷氧基、金刚烷基、苯环基、五元芳杂环、六元芳杂环或1-萘基,R’和R”相同或不同。
所述光敏剂为四苯基卟啉、四苯基卟啉铜、酞菁、酞菁铜、曙红E、曙红Y、孟加拉玫瑰红、苯乙酮或二苯甲酮。
所述β-酮酸酯化合物如式Ⅲ:
其中,R1、R2和R3为氢原子、卤素、烷基或烷氧基,R1、R2和R3相同或不同;R4为烷基、环烷基、芳环或苄基;n取1或2。
所述α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物如式Ⅳ:
其中,R1、R2和R3为氢原子、卤素、烷基或烷氧基,R1、R2和R3相同或不同;R4为烷基、环烷基、芳环或苄基;n取1或2;“*”表示化合物的手性中心。
所述的光敏剂为四苯基卟啉:
所述不对称催化氧化反应的温度为-40~100℃;手性Salan-铜催化剂与β-酮酸酯化合物的摩尔比是0.001~2:1;光敏剂与β-酮酸酯化合物的摩尔比是0.01~0.1:1;可见光为波长为370~700nm。
进一步的,所述不对称催化氧化反应的温度为-40~25℃;手性Salan-铜催化剂与β-酮酸酯化合物的摩尔比是0.05~0.2:1;光敏剂与β-酮酸酯化合物的摩尔比是0.05~0.1:1。
所述的芳烃类溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲苯、三氟甲基苯、三氯甲基苯或四氢萘。
本发明的有益效果:本发明不用任何有机、无机氧化剂,使用了可持续、环境友好的空气作为氧化剂,取之不竭的可见光或者太阳光作为光源,以及易于合成、价格低、性质稳定的Salan-铜催化剂,可有效的制备手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物,反应高效转化,转化率达80%以上,立体选择性高于80%,最高96%ee,操作简单,成本低,适合工业化。
具体实施方式
下面结合技术方案详细叙述本发明的具体实施例。
实施例1制备(2S)-5-氯-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式IV,其中R1,R3为H,R2为Cl,R4为Me)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入5-氯-2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式Ⅲ,其中R1,R3为H,R2为Cl,R4为Me,0.04496g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。5-氯-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯得到94%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为96%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.73(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.42(dd,J=8.2,1.6Hz,1H),3.96(s,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.70(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.23(d,J=17.4Hz,1H)。
实施例2制备(2S)-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式IV,其中R1,R2,R3为H,R4为Me)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式Ⅲ,其中R1,R2,R3为H,R4为Me,0.03802g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯得到89%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为89%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.81(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.67(td,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),7.50(dt,J=7.7,1.2Hz,1H),7.47–7.40(m,1H),3.96(s,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.74(d,J=17.3Hz,1H),3.26(d,J=17.3Hz,1H)。
实施例3制备(2S)5-溴-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式IV,其中其中R1,R3为H,R2为Br,R4为Me)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入5-溴-2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式Ⅲ,其中R1,R3为H,R2为Br,R4为Me,0.05382g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。5-溴-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯得到91%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为93%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.92(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=8.1,1.9Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=8.1,Hz,1H),3.95(s,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.67(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.19(d,J=17.4Hz,1H)。
实施例4制备(2S)4-溴-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式IV,其中R2,R3为H,R1为Br,R4为Me)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入4-溴-2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式Ⅲ,其中R2,R3为H,R1为Br,R4为Me,0.05382g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。4-溴-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯得到87%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为58%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.84(dd,J=7.8,1.0Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.8,1.0Hz,1H),7.35(dd,J=7.8,1.0Hz,1H),4.00(s,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.68(d,J=17.8Hz,1H),3.18(d,J=17.8Hz,1H)。
实施例5制备(2S)6-溴-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式IV,其中R1,R2为H,R3为Br,R4为Me)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入6-溴-2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式Ⅲ,其中R1,R2为H,R3为Br,R4为Me,0.05382g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。6-溴-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯得到85%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为84%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.92(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=8.2,2.0Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.97(s,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.67(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.19(d,J=17.4Hz,1H)。
实施例6制备(2S)4-甲氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式IV,其中R2,R3为H,R1为OMe,R4为Me)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入4-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式Ⅲ,其中R2,R3为H,R1为OMe,R4为Me,0.04404g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。4-甲氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯得到91%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为96%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.43–7.37(m,2H),7.11(dd,J=6.9,1.9Hz,1H),3.93(s,1H),3.92(s,3H),3.74(s,3H),3.66(d,J=17.7Hz,1H),3.11(d,J=17.7Hz,1H)。
实施例7制备(2S)5-甲氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式IV,其中R1,R2为H,R2为OMe,R4为Me)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入5-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式Ⅲ,其中R2,R3为H,R1为OMe,R4为Me,0.04404g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。5-甲氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯得到91%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为96%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.74(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.96(dd,J=8.6,2.3Hz,1H),6.91(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),3.92(s,3H),3.91(s,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.68(d,J=17.2Hz,1H),3.20(d,J=17.2Hz,1H)。
实施例8制备(2S)4-乙氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式IV,其中R2,R3为H,R1为OEt,R4为Me)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入4-乙氧基-2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯(式Ⅲ,其中R2,R3为H,R1为OEt,R4为Me,0.04685g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。4-乙氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯得到90%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为86%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.40–7.35(m,2H),7.09(dd,J=5.6,3.3Hz,1H),4.13(q,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.91(s,1H),3.74(s,3H),3.67(d,J=17.7Hz,1H),3.12(d,J=17.7Hz,1H),1.47(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
实施例9制备(2S)4-甲氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸乙酯(式IV,其中R2,R3为H,R1为OMe,R4为Et)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入4-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸乙酯(式Ⅲ,其中R2,R3为H,R1为OMe,R4为乙酯,0.04685g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。4-甲氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸甲酯乙酯得到89%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为90%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.43–7.37(m,2H),7.11(dd,J=6.7,2.1Hz,1H),4.22(qd,J=7.1,3.2Hz,2H),3.96(s,1H),3.92(s,3H),3.64(d,J=17.7Hz,1H),3.11(d,J=17.7Hz,1H),1.19(t,J=7.1Hz,2H)。
实施例10制备(2S)4-甲氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸异丙酯(式IV,其中R2,R3为H,R1为OMe,R4为iPr)
6,6'-((((1S,2S)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanediyl))-bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-buty lphenol)(式II,0.01428g,0.022mmol)与三氟甲磺酸铜(0.00724g,0.02mmol)溶于1mL甲苯中。在50℃下搅拌30分钟后,将其放入-15℃中降温。降温之后向此甲苯溶液中加入4-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1-氧代-1H-茚-2-羧酸异丙酯(式Ⅲ,其中R2,R3为H,R1为OMe,R4为iPr,0.04965g,0.2mmol)和四苯基卟啉(0.00308g,0.005mmol),用5W可见光LED灯照射反应体系,并使此甲苯溶液与空气接触,反应15小时后柱层析分离纯化。4-甲氧基-2-羟基-1-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-羧酸异丙酯得到90%收率,且S-对映异构体的ee值为93%。1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.43–7.36(m,2H),7.10(dd,J=6.9,2.0Hz,1H),5.08(hept,J=6.3Hz,1H),3.98(s,1H),3.92(s,3H),3.61(d,J=17.6Hz,1H),3.10(d,J=17.6Hz,1H),1.21(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),1.14(d,J=6.3Hz,3H)。
Claims (5)
1.一种可见光引发需氧Salan-铜催化剂制备手性α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物的方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:在芳烃类溶剂中,可见光照射光敏剂激发氧气为单线态氧,单线态氧进攻被手性Salan-铜催化剂活化的β-酮酸酯化合物进行不对称催化氧化反应,制备得到具有光学活性的α-羟基-β-酮酸酯化合物;
所述的手性Salan-铜催化剂为(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基二胺衍生物Salan-铜催化剂,结构如式I:
其中,配合物为氯化铜、高氯酸铜、乙酸铜、乙酰丙酮铜或三氟甲磺酸铜;配体如式II:
其中,(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基二胺为连接链;R’和R”为卤素、NO2、氰基、C2-C8烷基、C5-C6环烷基、C2-C8烷氧基、金刚烷基、苯环基、五元芳杂环、六元芳杂环或1-萘基,R’和R”相同或不同;
所述β-酮酸酯化合物如式Ⅲ:
其中,R1、R2和R3为氢原子、卤素、烷基或烷氧基,R1、R2和R3相同或不同;R4为烷基、环烷基、芳环或苄基;n取1或2;
所述光敏剂为四苯基卟啉、四苯基卟啉铜、酞菁、酞菁铜、曙红E、曙红Y、孟加拉玫瑰红、苯乙酮或二苯甲酮。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述不对称催化氧化反应的温度为-40~100℃;手性Salan-铜催化剂与β-酮酸酯化合物的摩尔比是0.001~2:1;光敏剂与β-酮酸酯化合物的摩尔比是0.01~0.1:1;可见光为波长为370~700nm。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的芳烃类溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲苯、三氟甲基苯、三氯甲基苯或四氢萘。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述不对称催化氧化反应的温度为-40~25℃;手性Salan-铜催化剂与β-酮酸酯化合物的摩尔比是0.05~0.2:1;光敏剂与β-酮酸酯化合物的摩尔比是0.05~0.1:1。
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