CN108507885B - Rubber fruit crushing force testing device - Google Patents
Rubber fruit crushing force testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108507885B CN108507885B CN201810297349.4A CN201810297349A CN108507885B CN 108507885 B CN108507885 B CN 108507885B CN 201810297349 A CN201810297349 A CN 201810297349A CN 108507885 B CN108507885 B CN 108507885B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
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- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical property testing devices, and particularly relates to a rubber fruit breaking force testing device. A sample positioning device, a shell breaking device and a crushing force measuring device of the rubber fruit crushing force testing device are installed on a rack, the sample positioning device is arranged on a base table surface of the rack, the shell breaking device is arranged on the sample positioning device and is in up-and-down sliding connection with a support of the rack, the crushing force measuring device is connected with the shell breaking device, and the crushing force measuring device measures the crushing force by utilizing the mechanical balance and pulley block principle. The invention solves the problem of mechanical measurement of rubber fruit samples with irregular shapes, can measure the crushing force of shearing, extruding and stabbing of shells of rubber fruits, and accurately measure the dynamic data of the crushing force of the rubber fruits, and the data provide technical reference for the design and manufacture of a rubber fruit shelling machine, improve the shelling quality of the rubber fruits and increase the economic benefit of the utilization of the rubber fruits. The invention is suitable for testing the dynamic data of the breaking force of the rubber fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical property testing devices, and particularly relates to a rubber fruit breaking force testing device.
Background
Rubber trees are planted only for tapping in the past, but by-product rubber fruits of the rubber trees are ignored, the rubber fruits only can naturally fall off and are rotten in the field. The rubber fruit has great economic potential, and the kernel of the rubber fruit can be used for preparing industrial fuel and soap. The shells of the rubberfruits can be used for manufacturing very beautiful furniture. The potential economic value of the rubber fruits is huge. In order to change the waste rubber fruits into valuable, the rubber fruits must be hulled. At present, the research on the aspect of shelling of rubber fruits at home and abroad is mainly to crush and shell the fruits by extrusion, but the extrusion type rubber fruit shelling has the problems of low shelling rate, low integrity rate of kernels of the shelled rubber fruits and the like. These problems directly affect the economic efficiency. Therefore, how to improve the shelling rate of the ruby fruits and the integrity rate of husks and kernels after shelling is a problem to be solved.
The shape of the rubber cone is irregular ellipsoid. At present, the shelling technology of the rubber fruits is rarely researched in China. The existing rubber fruit shelling machine adopts crushing shelling, and due to the working principle of the machine, when the applied crushing force is small, the shelling crushing rate of the rubber fruits is low, and when the crushing force is large, the completeness rate of shelled kernels is low, so that the economic benefit is reduced. The accurate measurement of the breaking force of the broken shells of the rubber fruits is a key problem for effectively improving the completeness rate of kernels and shells after shelling, so that the research on the breaking force of the broken shells of the rubber fruits is very important.
The existing mechanical testing machines are complex in operation, expensive, large in occupied area and not easy to measure rubber fruit samples with irregular shapes, and if the measured samples need to be subjected to special treatment, the experimental results are influenced, and the measurement is not facilitated.
In summary, there is a need for a breaking force testing device capable of measuring shearing breaking force, squeezing breaking force and prick breaking force of rubber fruits and other fruit shells with shells.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing rubber fruit huller and the requirement of a device for measuring the breaking force of rubber fruit by shearing, extruding and stabbing for rubber fruit and other shells with shells, and provides a rubber fruit breaking force testing device. Meanwhile, the method can also play a guiding role in developing a shell and kernel separation machine of other fruits.
The technical scheme is that the rubber fruit crushing force testing device comprises a rack, a sample positioning device, a crushing device and a crushing force measuring device, wherein the sample positioning device, the crushing device and the crushing force measuring device are installed on the rack, the sample positioning device is arranged on a base table-board 101 of a base 1 of the rack, the crushing device is arranged on the sample positioning device and is in up-and-down sliding connection with a support 2 of the rack, and the crushing force measuring device is connected with the crushing device;
the rack comprises a base 1 and a support 2, a base table-board 101 of the base 1 is a horizontal rectangular plane, the support 2 comprises 6 upright posts 201, 2 longitudinal beams 202, a cross beam I203, a cross beam II 204 and a cross beam III 205, the cross section of the upright post 201 is circular, the cross sections of the cross beam I203, the cross beam II 204 and the cross beam III 205 are square, 4 upright posts 201 are vertically and respectively fixedly connected at four corners of the base table- board 101, 2 upright posts 201 are respectively and symmetrically fixedly connected at the middle parts of two long sides of the base table- board 101, 2 longitudinal beams 202 are respectively and horizontally and fixedly connected at the upper ends of 3 upright posts 201 at the left and right sides, the cross beam I203 is horizontally and fixedly connected at the upper ends of the left and right upright posts 201 at the rear part, the cross beam II 204 is horizontally and fixedly connected at the upper ends of the left and right upright posts 201 at the;
the sample positioning device is a clamp sample positioning device consisting of a platform 8 and a sample positioning clamp, or a circular platform sample positioning device consisting of a platform 8 and an extrusion test circular ring sample platform 13;
in the platform 8, the horizontal plane of the platform bottom plate 801 is rectangular, the long edge of the platform bottom plate 801 is parallel to the long edge of the base table-board 101, and is fixed on the base table-board 101 by taking the connection line of the midpoint of the short edge of the base table-board 101 as a symmetry axis, the connection line of the midpoint of the long edge of the platform bottom plate 801 is right below the cross beam ii 204, 2 platform side plates 803 are mutually parallel, respectively vertically and symmetrically fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the platform bottom plate 801, the two ends of the platform top plate 802 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper ends of the front platform side plate 803 and the;
in the fixture sample positioning device, a sample positioning fixture is arranged on the upper plane of a platform top plate 802 of a platform 8, the sample positioning fixture is composed of a fixture frame 9, a clamping plate 10, an adjusting screw 11 and a sample cushion block 12, the fixture frame 9 is composed of a fixture frame bottom plate 901 and 2 fixture frame side plates 902, the fixture frame bottom plate 901 is horizontally arranged, the horizontal plane of the fixture frame bottom plate 901 is rectangular, the long side of the fixture frame bottom plate 901 is parallel to the long side of the platform top plate 802, and is fixed on the upper plane of the platform top plate 802 by taking the connecting line of the middle points of the short sides of the platform top plate 802 as a symmetry axis, the 2 fixture frame side plates 902 are opposite and are vertically fixedly connected with the fixture frame bottom plate 901 at two ends of the fixture frame bottom plate 901, the middle parts of the 2 fixture frame side plates 902 opposite to the plane are respectively provided with a fixture adjusting threaded hole 903, the two fixture adjusting threaded holes, the 2 clamping plates 10 are respectively vertically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the sample cushion block 12 between the two clamp frame side plates 902, 2 adjusting screws 11 respectively penetrate through the clamp frame side plates 902 from the outer sides of the clamp frame side plates 902 through being in threaded connection with clamp adjusting threaded holes 903 and are pressed on the clamping plates 10, and the sample cushion block 12 is positioned at the central position of the sample positioning clamp; when a sample is tested, the rubber fruit sample 22 is placed on the sample cushion block 12, the two adjusting screws 11 are adjusted, and the rubber fruit sample 22 is clamped by the two clamping plates 10 to meet the requirement of sample positioning;
in the circular truncated cone sample positioning device, an extrusion test circular ring sample table 13 is arranged on the upper plane of a platform top plate 802 of a platform 8, the extrusion test circular ring sample table 13 is composed of a circular ring sample table bottom plate 1301 and an extrusion area circular ring 1302, the circular ring sample table bottom plate 1301 is horizontally arranged, the horizontal plane of the circular ring sample table bottom plate 1301 is rectangular, the long side of the circular ring sample table bottom plate 1301 is parallel to the long side of the platform top plate 802, the circular ring sample table bottom plate is fixed on the upper plane of the platform top plate 802 by taking the midpoint connecting line of the short sides of the platform top plate 802 as a symmetry axis, the extrusion area circular ring 1302 is fixedly connected to the circular ring sample table bottom plate 1301, and the axis of the extrusion area circular ring 1302 is perpendicular to the circular ring sample table bottom plate 1301 and penetrates through the center; when a sample is tested, the rubber fruit sample 22 is placed in the extrusion area ring 1302 of the extrusion test ring sample table 13 to meet the requirement of sample positioning;
the shell breaking device is a knife-cutting shell breaking device consisting of a sliding cross beam 3, a pressurizing head 4, a knife rest 5, a locking nut 6 and a plate-type cutter, or is a cone piercing shell breaking device consisting of the sliding cross beam 3, the pressurizing head 4 and a cone piercing cutter 25, or is an extrusion shell breaking device consisting of the sliding cross beam 3, the pressurizing head 4 and an extrusion cutter 24;
the crossbeam body 301 of the sliding crossbeam 3 is a cuboid, 2 sliding guide pipes 302 are symmetrically and respectively fixedly connected to two ends of the crossbeam body 301, two planes of the crossbeam body 301 vertical to the axis of the sliding guide pipes 302 are respectively an upper plane of the crossbeam body and a lower plane of the crossbeam body, a U-shaped hook 303 is fixedly connected to the central part of the upper plane of the crossbeam body, a pressurizing head mounting screw hole 304 is arranged at the center of the lower plane of the crossbeam body, the U-shaped hook 303 of the sliding crossbeam 3 is upward, and 2 sliding guide pipes 302 are respectively sleeved on a left upright column 201 and a right upright column 201 in the middle of the support 2 to form the sliding connection of the sliding crossbeam 3 and the support 2 in the up-down direction; the pressure head 4 is a cylinder, the upper end of the pressure head is provided with a pressure head screw rod 402, the lower end of the pressure head is provided with a pressure head threaded hole 401, the pressure head screw rod 402 and the pressure head threaded hole 401 are coaxial with the cylinder of the pressure head 4 and are in threaded connection with the pressure head mounting threaded hole 304 through the pressure head screw rod 402, and the pressure head 4 is vertically and downwards arranged on the sliding beam 3;
in the knife-cutting and shell-breaking device, a knife rest screw 501 is arranged at the upper part of a knife rest 5, the lower part of the knife rest is a cube, a vertically downward knife installation groove 502 is arranged on one group of opposite side surfaces of the cube along a central line of the bottom surface of the cube, two mutually parallel and symmetrically distributed knife fixing holes 503 are arranged on the other group of opposite side surfaces of the cube, the knife fixing holes 503 are through holes vertically penetrating through the knife installation groove 502 and are connected with a thread of a pressure head thread hole 401 through the knife rest screw 501, the knife rest 5 is vertically downward arranged on a pressure head 4, and a locking nut 6 is sleeved on the knife rest screw 501 to play roles of locking the connection of the knife rest 5 and the pressure head 4 and adjusting the direction of a knife; the plate type cutter is a flat cutter 7 or a V-shaped cutter 23, two cutter holes 701 are formed in the upper parts of the flat cutter 7 and the V-shaped cutter 23, the upper part of the flat cutter 7 or the upper part of the V-shaped cutter 23 are arranged in a cutter mounting groove 502, and the flat cutter 7 or the V-shaped cutter 23 is vertically and downwards fixedly connected to the cutter frame 5 through a bolt penetrating through the cutter mounting hole 503 and the cutter holes 701; the lower part of the flat cutter 7 is a linear cutting edge 702, and the lower part of the V-shaped cutter 23 is a V-shaped cutting edge 2301;
in the awl shell breaking device, an awl knife bar 2501 is arranged at the upper part of an awl knife tool 25, the awl knife bar 2501 is fixedly connected with an awl needle 2502 coaxially, a bolt is arranged at the upper end of the awl knife bar 2501, the awl knife tool 25 is connected with a thread of a pressure head threaded hole 401 through the bolt arranged at the upper end of the awl knife bar 2501, and the awl knife tool 25 is vertically and downwards installed on a pressure head 4;
in the extrusion shell breaking device, an extrusion rod 2401 is arranged at the upper part of an extrusion cutter 24, the lower end of the extrusion rod 2401 is fixedly connected with an extrusion disc 2402, the lower end of the extrusion rod 2401 is coaxial with the extrusion disc 2402, a bolt is arranged at the upper end of the extrusion rod 2401, the bolt at the upper end of the extrusion rod 2401 is connected with a thread of a pressure head threaded hole 401, and the extrusion cutter 24 is vertically and downwards arranged on a pressure head 4;
the crushing force measuring device consists of a cutter lifting system and a cutter pressing system, wherein the cutter lifting system comprises a group of pulley blocks II and a sliding balance weight water bucket 19 and is used for providing lifting force for lifting the cutter;
in the sliding balance counterweight water bucket 19, a sliding bearing rod 1902 is horizontally and fixedly connected to the bucket opening of a bucket body 1901 in a manner of coinciding with the diameter of the bucket body, 2 sliding rod conduits 1903 are respectively and fixedly connected to two ends of the sliding bearing rod 1902 in a manner of being vertical to the bucket opening, one lifting hole 1904 is a central hole of the sliding bearing rod on the sliding bearing rod 1902, and the other two lifting holes 1904 are respectively a left side hole of the sliding bearing rod and a right side hole of the sliding bearing rod which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central hole;
in the cutter lifting system, a pulley block II consists of 2 fixed pulleys III 17 and a steel wire rope II 21, the two fixed pulleys III 17 are respectively and fixedly connected with the central points of the lower planes of a cross beam II 204 and a cross beam III 205, one end of the steel wire rope II 21 is connected with a U-shaped hook 303 on a sliding cross beam 3, the steel wire rope II 21 is wound upwards on the fixed pulley III 17 on the cross beam II 204 and then is wound forwards on the fixed pulley III 17 on the cross beam III 205 and then downwards, the other end of the steel wire rope II 21 is connected with a central hole of a sliding bearing rod of a sliding balance counterweight water bucket 19, and 2 sliding rod guide pipes 1903 are respectively sleeved on a left upright column 201 and a right upright column 201 at the front part of a support 2 to form sliding connection of the sliding balance;
in the cutter pressing system, 2 sliding rod guide pipes 1903 of the sliding balance weight water bucket 19 are respectively sleeved on the left upright post 201 and the right upright post 201 at the rear part of the bracket 2 to form the sliding connection of the sliding balance weight water bucket 19 and the bracket 2 in the up-down direction; the pulley block I is composed of 1 movable pulley 14, 2 fixed pulleys I15, 1 fixed pulley II 16 and a steel wire rope I20, two groups of pulley blocks I are respectively arranged in planes which are symmetrical left and right and are vertical to the base table-board 101 on the left side and the right side of the platform 8, namely, the two movable pulleys 14 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the pressurizing head 4 and are inversely hung on the lower plane of the sliding cross beam 3, 2 fixed pulleys I15 are fixedly connected on the base table-board 101 in a front-back arrangement mode on the left side and the right side of the platform 8, the fixed pulleys I15 on the two sides are symmetrically arranged on each other, and the two fixed pulleys II 16 are symmetrically and respectively fixedly connected on the lower plane of the cross beam I203; on the left side of the platform 8, one end of a steel wire rope I20 is fixedly connected to a shell of a movable pulley 14, a wire rope I20 is wound on a fixed pulley I15 in front downwards, then wound on the movable pulley 14 upwards, then wound on a fixed pulley I15 behind downwards, then wound on a fixed pulley II 16 in inclined upwards and then wound downwards, the other end of the steel wire rope I20 is connected with the upper end of a dynamometer 18, and the lower end of the dynamometer 18 is connected with a left hole of a sliding bearing rod of a sliding balance weight water barrel 19; on the right side of the platform 8, one end of a steel wire rope I20 is fixedly connected to a shell of a movable pulley 14, the steel wire rope I20 is wound on a fixed pulley I15 in front downwards, then wound on the movable pulley 14 upwards, then wound on a fixed pulley I15 behind downwards, then wound on a fixed pulley II 16 in an inclined upwards and then wound downwards, the other end of the steel wire rope I20 is connected with the upper end of a dynamometer 18, and the lower end of the dynamometer 18 is connected with a right hole of a sliding bearing rod of a sliding balance weight water barrel 19;
the combination of the clamp sample positioning device and the knife-cutting shell-breaking device and the crushing force measuring device form a rubber fruit crushing force testing device for testing the shearing crushing force of the rubber fruit knife-cutting shell-breaking, and the cutting edge of the plate-type cutter is transversely arranged on the central position of the sample positioning clamp;
the combination of the clamp sample positioning device and the cone shell breaking device and the breaking force measuring device form a rubber fruit breaking force testing device for testing the cone shell breaking force of the cone shell breaking of the rubber fruit, and a cone prick needle 2502 of the cone prick cutter 25 is arranged on the central position of the sample positioning clamp;
the combination of the circular truncated cone sample positioning device and the extrusion shell breaking device and the crushing force measuring device form a rubber fruit crushing force testing device for testing the extrusion shell breaking and crushing force of rubber fruit, the extrusion disc 2402 of the extrusion cutter 24 is arranged on the extrusion area circular ring 1302 of the extrusion test circular ring sample table 13, and the extrusion disc 2402 is coaxial with the extrusion area circular ring 1302;
the crushing force measuring device measures the crushing force by utilizing the mechanical balance and pulley block principle. When the lifting force provided by the cutter lifting system is equal to the sum of the pulling force provided by the cutter pressing system and the gravity of the shell breaking device, the sliding beam 3 and the cutter thereof are in a balanced state, the cutter is static above the rubber fruit sample 22, and the rubber fruit sample 22 is not stressed;
the working principle of testing the breaking force of the rubber fruits is as follows:
firstly, adjusting the water quantity of two sliding balance weight buckets 19 in the crushing force measuring device to ensure that the sliding beam 3 and a cutter thereof are in a balanced state, the cutter is static above a rubber fruit sample 22, the rubber fruit sample 22 is not stressed, because the pulley blocks I on two sides are symmetrically arranged, initial readings given by two dynamometers 18 are both F0；
Then, water is injected into a sliding balance weight water bucket 19 in the cutter pressing system, the downward pulling force of the cutter pressing provided by the cutter pressing system is increased, the sliding cross beam 3 and the cutter thereof lose the balance state, and the cutter descends to contact a rubber fruit sample 22;
continuing to fill the sliding balance weight water barrel 19 in the cutter pressing system until the rubber fruit sample 22 is broken, stopping filling water, and recording readings F given by the two dynamometers 18 at the moment when the rubber fruit sample 22 is broken1The added value of the pulley blocks I on both sides to the pulling force of the cutter is G1Reading F given by two load cells 181With initial reading F0Calculating the breaking force G of the rubber fruit sample 22;
the breaking force G was calculated as follows:
G＝2G1
in the pulley block I, 3 sections of ropes are connected with a movable pulley,
G1＝3F
where F is an added value to the dynamometer reading,
F＝F1-F0
the formula for the breaking force G is:
G＝6(F1-F0)
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can measure the shearing breaking force, the squeezing breaking force and the prick breaking force of the rubber fruit and other fruit shells with shells. The mechanical measurement problem of the rubber fruit sample with irregular shape is solved through the sample positioning device, the shell breaking device and the crushing force measuring device, accurate dynamic data of the crushing force of the rubber fruit can be tested, the data provide technical reference for improvement of a rubber fruit shelling machine, the shelling quality of the rubber fruit can be improved, and the economic benefit of utilization of the rubber fruit is increased according to the rubber fruit shelling machine designed and manufactured according to the crushing force data of the rubber fruit obtained through testing. The invention is suitable for testing the dynamic data of the breaking force of the rubber fruits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing the breaking force of rubber fruits;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a frame structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a combined structure of a sample positioning and breaking device for testing the breaking force of the rubber fruit knife cutting and breaking combined by a clamp sample positioning device and a knife cutting and breaking device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a platform configuration;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a fixture mount;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample stage for extrusion testing of a circular ring;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a sliding beam;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a pressing head;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a tool holder configuration;
FIG. 10A is a schematic view of a flat cutting tool;
FIG. 10B is a schematic view of a V-shaped cutter;
FIG. 10C is a schematic view of a stabbing tool;
FIG. 10D is a schematic view of an extrusion tool;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a sliding balance weight bucket;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the pulley block I.
In the figure, 1-base, 101-base table, 2-support, 201-column, 202-longitudinal beam, 203-beam I, 204-beam II, 205-beam III, 3-sliding beam, 301-beam body, 302-sliding conduit, 303-U-shaped hook, 304-pressure head mounting screw hole, 4-pressure head, 401-pressure head threaded hole, 402-pressure head screw rod, 5-knife rest, 501-knife rest screw rod, 502-knife mounting groove, 503-knife fixing hole, 6-locking nut, 7-flat knife, 701-knife hole, 702-flat knife edge, 8-platform, 801-platform bottom plate, 802-platform top plate, 803-platform side plate, 9-clamp frame, 901-clamp frame bottom plate, 902-clamp frame side plate, 903-clamp adjusting threaded hole, 10-clamping plate, 11-adjusting screw, 12-sample cushion block, 13-extrusion test circular ring sample table, 1301-circular ring sample table bottom plate, 1302-extrusion region circular ring, 14-movable pulley, 15-fixed pulley I, 16-fixed pulley II, 17-fixed pulley III, 18-dynamometer, 19-sliding balance water bucket 19, 1901-bucket body, 1902-sliding bearing rod, 1903-sliding rod guide tube, 1904 hoisting hole, 20 steel wire rope I, 21 steel wire rope II, 22 rubber fruit sample, 23V-shaped cutter, 2301V-shaped blade, 24 extrusion cutter, 2401 extrusion rod, 2402 extrusion disc, 25 prick cutter, 2501 prick cutter bar, 2502 prick,
Detailed Description
The specific structure and operation of the invention are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing the breaking force of rubber fruits, the device for testing the breaking force of rubber fruits comprises a frame, a sample positioning device, a shell breaking device and a breaking force measuring device, the sample positioning device, the shell breaking device and the breaking force measuring device are installed on the frame, the sample positioning device is arranged on a base table-board 101 of a base 1 of the frame, the shell breaking device is arranged on the sample positioning device and is in up-and-down sliding connection with a support 2 of the frame, and the breaking force measuring device is connected with the shell breaking device.
As shown in the schematic structural diagram of the rack in fig. 2, the rack is composed of a base 1 and a support 2, and a base table 101 of the base 1 is a horizontal rectangular plane. The support 2 consists of 6 upright posts 201, 2 longitudinal beams 202, a cross beam I203, a cross beam II 204 and a cross beam III 205. The cross section of stand 201 is circular, crossbeam I203, crossbeam II 204 and III 205 cross sections of crossbeam are the square, 4 vertical rigid couplings of stand 201 respectively are in the four corners department of base mesa 101, 2 stand 201 symmetry rigid couplings are respectively at the middle part on two long limits of base mesa 101, 2 longerons 202 level rigid coupling is respectively at the upper end of 3 stand 201 of the left and right sides, the horizontal rigid coupling of crossbeam I203 is at the upper end of two stand 201 of the left and right sides at rear portion, the horizontal rigid coupling of crossbeam II 204 is at the upper end of two stand 201 of the left and right sides at the middle part, the horizontal rigid coupling of crossbeam III 205 is at the upper end of two stand 201 of the left and right.
The sample positioning device has 2 structures according to the test content requirement, wherein one structure is a clamp sample positioning device consisting of a platform 8 and a sample positioning clamp, and the other structure is a circular truncated cone sample positioning device consisting of a platform 8 and an extrusion test circular ring sample table 13. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample positioning and breaking device for testing the breaking force of the rubber fruit knife cutting by the combination of a clamp sample positioning device and a knife cutting and breaking device, wherein the sample positioning device is a clamp sample positioning device.
The structure of the platform 8 is shown in fig. 4, the horizontal plane of the platform bottom plate 801 is rectangular, the long edge of the platform bottom plate 801 is parallel to the long edge of the base table-board 101, and is fixed on the base table-board 101 by taking the connection line of the midpoint of the short edge of the base table-board 101 as a symmetry axis, the connection line of the midpoint of the long edge of the platform bottom plate 801 is right below the cross beam ii 204, 2 platform side plates 803 are parallel to each other, are respectively vertically and symmetrically fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the platform bottom plate 801, the two ends of the platform top plate 802 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper ends of the.
In the jig sample positioning device shown in fig. 3, a sample positioning jig is placed on the upper plane of a table top plate 802 of a table 8, and the sample positioning jig is composed of a jig frame 9, a clamping plate 10, an adjusting screw 11, and a sample pad 12. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a clamp frame structure, a clamp frame 9 is composed of a clamp frame bottom plate 901 and 2 clamp frame side plates 902, the clamp frame bottom plate 901 is horizontally arranged, the horizontal plane of the clamp frame bottom plate 901 is rectangular, the long edges of the clamp frame bottom plate 901 are parallel to the long edges of the platform top plate 802, and are fixed on the upper plane of the platform top plate 802 by taking the middle point connecting line of the short edges of the platform top plate 802 as a symmetry axis, the 2 clamp frame side plates 902 are opposite and vertically fixed at two ends of the clamp frame bottom plate 901 with the clamp frame bottom plate 901, and the middle parts of the 2 clamp frame side plates 902 opposite to the plane are respectively provided with a clamp adjusting. Two anchor clamps are adjusted the screw hole 903 and are coaxial, and sample cushion 12 is arranged in between two anchor clamps frame curb plates 902 for the square, and 2 splint 10 are vertical respectively between two anchor clamps frame curb plates 902 arrange sample cushion 12 front and back both sides in, and 2 adjusting screw 11 pass anchor clamps frame curb plate 902 top to splint 10 through adjusting screw hole 903 threaded connection with anchor clamps respectively from the anchor clamps frame curb plate 902 outside and go up sample cushion 12 and be in the central point that sample positioning jig put. When a sample is tested, the rubber fruit sample 22 is placed on the sample cushion block 12, the two adjusting screws 11 are adjusted, and the rubber fruit sample 22 is clamped by the two clamping plates 10 to meet the requirement of sample positioning.
In the circular truncated cone sample positioning device, an extrusion test circular ring sample table 13 is arranged on the upper plane of a platform top plate 802 of a platform 8. As shown in fig. 6, the pressing test ring sample stage 13 is composed of a ring sample stage base plate 1301 and a pressing area ring 1302. The circular sample table bottom plate 1301 is horizontally arranged, the horizontal plane of the circular sample table bottom plate 1301 is rectangular, the long edge of the circular sample table bottom plate 1301 is parallel to the long edge of the platform top plate 802, the long edge of the circular sample table bottom plate 1301 is fixed on the upper plane of the platform top plate 802 by taking the midpoint connecting line of the short edges of the platform top plate 802 as a symmetry axis, the extrusion area circular ring 1302 is fixedly connected onto the circular sample table bottom plate 1301, and the axis of the extrusion area circular ring 1302 is perpendicular to the circular sample table bottom plate 1301 and penetrates through the center of the circular sample table bottom plate 1301. When the sample is tested, the rubber fruit sample 22 is placed in the extrusion area ring 1302 of the extrusion test ring sample table 13, so that the requirement of sample positioning is met.
The shell breaking device has 3 structures according to the test content requirements, wherein the shell breaking device comprises a knife cutting shell breaking device consisting of a sliding beam 3, a pressurizing head 4, a knife rest 5, a locking nut 6 and a plate type cutter, a cone piercing shell breaking device consisting of the sliding beam 3, the pressurizing head 4 and a cone piercing cutter 25, and an extrusion shell breaking device consisting of the sliding beam 3, the pressurizing head 4 and an extrusion cutter 24.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample positioning and breaking device for testing the breaking force of the rubber fruit knife cutting by the combination of a clamp sample positioning device and a knife cutting and breaking device, wherein the breaking device is a knife cutting and breaking device.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the sliding beam. The crossbeam body 301 of sliding beam 3 is the cuboid, 2 sliding guide pipe 302 symmetry each other respectively the rigid coupling at the both ends of crossbeam body 301, two planes of crossbeam body 301 perpendicular with sliding guide pipe 302's axis are crossbeam body upper flat surface and crossbeam body lower flat surface respectively, U-shaped couple 303 rigid coupling is at the planar central point on the crossbeam body, at crossbeam body lower flat surface's center, there is a pressurization head installation screw 304, sliding beam 3's U-shaped couple 303 makes progress, 2 sliding guide pipe 302 overlaps respectively on two stands 201 about support 2 middle part, constitute sliding beam 3 and support 2 up-and-down direction's sliding connection.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the pressing head. The pressure head 4 is a cylinder, a pressure head screw 402 is arranged at the upper end of the pressure head 4, a pressure head threaded hole 401 is arranged at the lower end of the pressure head 4, the pressure head screw 402 and the pressure head threaded hole 401 are coaxial with the cylinder of the pressure head 4, and the pressure head 4 is vertically and downwards arranged on the sliding beam 3 through the threaded connection of the pressure head screw 402 and the pressure head mounting threaded hole 304.
In the knife shell breaking device, as shown in a schematic structural diagram of a knife rest in fig. 9, a screw 501 of the knife rest is arranged at the upper part of the knife rest 5, a cube is arranged at the lower part of the knife rest, a vertical downward knife mounting groove 502 is arranged on one group of opposite side surfaces of the cube along a central line of the bottom surface of the cube, two knife fixing holes 503 which are parallel to each other and distributed symmetrically are arranged on the other group of opposite side surfaces of the cube, the knife fixing holes 503 are through holes which vertically penetrate through the knife mounting groove 502 and are connected with a thread of a thread hole 401 of a pressure head through the screw 501 of the knife rest screw 501, the knife rest 5 is vertically and downwardly arranged on the pressure head 4, and a locking nut 6 is sleeved on the screw 501 of the knife rest to play roles. The plate-type cutter in the cutter shell breaking device is a flat cutter 7 or a V-shaped cutter 23. As shown in the plain cutter schematic view of fig. 10A and the V-cutter schematic view of fig. 10B, the upper portions of the plain cutter 7 and the V-cutter 23 each have two cutter holes 701, the upper portion of the plain cutter 7 or the V-cutter 23 is placed in the cutter-mounting groove 502, and the plain cutter 7 or the V-cutter 23 is vertically fixed downward to the tool post 5 by bolts passing through the cutter-mounting holes 503 and the cutter holes 701. The lower part of the flat cutter 7 is a straight cutting edge 702, and the lower part of the V-shaped cutter 23 is a V-shaped cutting edge 2301.
In the case of the awl-prick shell breaking apparatus, as shown in the schematic diagram of the awl-prick cutter shown in fig. 10C, an awl-prick cutter bar 2501 is provided at the upper part of the awl-prick cutter 25, the awl-prick cutter bar 2501 is coaxially and fixedly connected with an awl-prick needle 2502, and a bolt is provided at the upper end of the awl-prick cutter bar 2501. The stabbing cutter 25 is vertically installed downward on the pressure head 4 by the screw connection of the upper end bolt of the stabbing cutter bar 2501 and the pressure head screw hole 401.
In the extrusion crust breaking device, as shown in the schematic diagram of the extrusion cutter shown in fig. 10D, the upper part of the extrusion cutter 24 is an extrusion rod 2401, the lower end of the extrusion rod 2401 is fixedly connected with an extrusion disc 2402, the lower end of the extrusion rod 2401 is coaxial with the extrusion disc 2402, the upper end of the extrusion rod 2401 is a screw rod, the screw rod at the upper end of the extrusion rod 2401 is connected with the thread of the threaded hole 401 of the pressurizing head, and the extrusion cutter 24 is vertically and downwardly installed on the pressurizing head 4.
As shown in fig. 1, the crushing force measuring device is composed of a tool lifting system and a tool pressing system, the tool lifting system includes a set of pulley blocks ii and a sliding balance weight water bucket 19, and is used for providing lifting force for lifting the tool, and the tool pressing system includes two sets of pulley blocks i, another sliding balance weight water bucket 19 and two dynamometers 18, and is used for providing pressing force for pressing the tool.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a sliding balance weight water barrel 19, in the sliding balance weight water barrel 19, a sliding bearing rod 1902 is horizontally fixedly connected to a barrel mouth of a barrel body 1901 in a superposition manner with a barrel body diameter, 2 sliding rod conduits 1903 are respectively fixedly connected to two ends of the sliding bearing rod 1902 in a perpendicular manner with the barrel mouth, on the sliding bearing rod 1902, one hoisting hole 1904 is a central hole of the sliding bearing rod, and the other two hoisting holes 1904 are respectively a left hole of the sliding bearing rod and a right hole of the sliding bearing rod which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central hole.
In the tool lifting system, as shown in fig. 1, the pulley block ii is composed of 2 fixed pulleys iii 17 and a steel wire rope ii 21, the two fixed pulleys iii 17 are respectively and fixedly connected to the central points of the lower planes of the cross beam ii 204 and the cross beam iii 205, one end of the steel wire rope ii 21 is connected to a U-shaped hook 303 on the sliding cross beam 3 in the crust breaking device, the steel wire rope ii 21 is wound upward on the fixed pulley iii 17 on the cross beam ii 204, and then is wound forward on the fixed pulley iii 17 on the cross beam iii 205 and then downward, the other end of the steel wire rope ii 21 is connected to a central hole on a sliding bearing rod 1902 of the sliding balance weight water bucket 19, and 2 sliding rod guide pipes 1903 are respectively sleeved on the left and right upright posts 201 at the front part of the support 2 to form a sliding connection of the sliding.
In the tool pressing system, 2 sliding rod guide tubes 1903 of the sliding balance weight water bucket 19 are respectively sleeved on the left and right upright posts 201 at the rear part of the bracket 2 to form the sliding connection of the sliding balance weight water bucket 19 and the bracket 2 in the up-down direction. As shown in the schematic diagram of the pulley block i shown in fig. 12, the pulley block i is composed of 1 movable pulley 14, 2 fixed pulleys i 15, 1 fixed pulley ii 16 and a steel wire rope i 20, two groups of pulley blocks i are respectively arranged in planes which are symmetrical left and right and are perpendicular to each other and a base table 101 at the left and right sides of a platform 8, namely, the two movable pulleys 14 are symmetrically hung upside down on the lower plane of a sliding beam 3 at the two sides of a pressurizing head 4, the two fixed pulleys i 15 at each side are fixedly connected to the base table 101 in a front-back arrangement at the left and right sides of the platform 8, the fixed pulleys i 15 at the two sides are symmetrically arranged, and the two fixed pulleys ii 16 are symmetrically and respectively fixedly connected to the lower plane of a beam i 203; on the left side of the platform 8, one end of a steel wire rope I20 is fixedly connected to a shell of a movable pulley 14, a wire rope I20 is wound on a fixed pulley I15 in front downwards, then wound on the movable pulley 14 upwards, then wound on a fixed pulley I15 behind downwards, then wound on a fixed pulley II 16 in inclined upwards and then wound downwards, the other end of the steel wire rope I20 is connected with the upper end of a dynamometer 18, and the lower end of the dynamometer 18 is connected with a left hole of a sliding bearing rod of a sliding balance weight water barrel 19; on the right side of the platform 8, one end of a steel wire rope I20 is fixedly connected to a shell of the movable pulley 14, the steel wire rope I20 is wound on a fixed pulley I15 in front downwards, then wound on the movable pulley 14 upwards, then wound on a fixed pulley I15 behind downwards, then wound on a fixed pulley II 16 in an inclined upwards and then wound downwards, the other end of the steel wire rope I20 is connected with the upper end of a dynamometer 18, and the lower end of the dynamometer 18 is connected with the right hole of a sliding bearing rod of a sliding balance weight water barrel 19.
The combination of the clamp sample positioning device and the knife-cutting shell-breaking device and the crushing force measuring device form a rubber fruit crushing force testing device for testing the shearing crushing force of the rubber fruit knife-cutting shell-breaking, and the cutting edge of the plate-type cutter is transversely arranged on the central position of the sample positioning clamp.
The combination of the clamp sample positioning device and the cone shell breaking device and the breaking force measuring device form a rubber fruit breaking force testing device for testing the cone piercing breaking force of the rubber fruit cone piercing shell, and the cone piercing needle 2502 of the cone piercing cutter 25 is arranged on the central position of the sample positioning clamp.
The combination of the circular truncated cone sample positioning device and the extrusion shell breaking device and the crushing force measuring device form a rubber fruit crushing force testing device for testing the extrusion crushing force of the rubber fruit extrusion shell breaking, the extrusion disc 2402 of the extrusion cutter 24 is arranged on the extrusion area circular ring 1302 of the extrusion test circular ring sample table 13, and the extrusion disc 2402 is coaxial with the extrusion area circular ring 1302.
The crushing force measuring device measures the crushing force by utilizing the mechanical balance and pulley block principle. When the lifting force provided by the cutter lifting system is equal to the sum of the lower pulling force provided by the cutter pressing system and the gravity of the shell breaking device, the sliding beam 3 and the cutter thereof are in a balanced state, the cutter is static on the rubber fruit sample 22, and the rubber fruit sample 22 is not stressed.
The working process of the rubber fruit breaking force testing device is as follows:
taking the sample positioning and breaking device for testing the shearing and breaking force of the rubber fruit cutter cutting and breaking shell composed of the clamp sample positioning device and the cutter cutting and breaking device as an example, the plate-type cutter is a flat cutter 7.
1. All parts are installed according to the figure 1, two clamping plates 10 installed on a clamp frame 9 are adjusted in position under the action of adjusting screws 11, the positions of the two clamping plates 10 on the clamp frame 9 are adjusted before a test, a sample cushion block 12 is placed between 2 clamping plates 10, and a flat cutting edge 702 of a flat cutter 7 is ensured to be in the middle of the two clamping plates 10, namely the flat cutting edge 702 of the flat cutter 7 is transversely placed on the center position of a sample positioning clamp;
2. adjusting the water amount of two sliding balance weight buckets 19 in the crushing force measuring device to enable the sliding beam 3 and the cutter thereof to be in a balanced state, the cutter is static on a rubber fruit sample 22, the rubber fruit sample 22 is not stressed, and because the pulley blocks I on the two sides are symmetrically arranged, the initial readings given by the two dynamometers 18 are both F0；
3. Injecting water into a sliding balance weight water barrel 19 in a cutter pressing system, increasing the downward pulling force of the cutter pressing provided by the cutter pressing system, losing the balance state of the sliding beam 3 and the cutter thereof, and enabling the cutter to descend to contact a rubber fruit sample 22;
4. continuing to fill the sliding balance weight water tank 19 in the knife hold-down system until the rubber fruit sample 22 is broken and stopping filling, as shown in FIG. 12, G1The increase of the pulling force of the pulley block I on the tool is from the state of unbalance of the sliding beam 3 and the tool thereof from the state of balance until the rubber fruit sample 22 is broken, the F is from the state of unbalance of the sliding beam 3 and the tool thereof from the state of balance until the rubber fruit sample 22 is broken, the increase of the pulling force of the dynamometer 18 on the pulley block I is the increase of the reading of the dynamometer (F)1-F0) The readings F given by the two load cells 18 at the instant of breaking the shell of the rubber fruit sample 22 are recorded1The added value of the pulley blocks I on both sides to the pulling force of the cutter is G1Reading F given by two load cells 181With initial reading F0Calculating the breaking force G of the rubber fruit sample 22;
5. calculation formula G ═ 6 (F) using crushing force G1-F0) And calculating the breaking force of the rubber fruits.
The invention can measure the shearing breaking force, the squeezing breaking force and the prick breaking force of the rubber fruit and other fruit shells with shells. According to the invention, through the sample positioning device, the shell breaking device and the crushing force measuring device, the problem of mechanical measurement of rubber fruit samples with irregular shapes is solved, dynamic data of the crushing force of the rubber fruit are accurately tested, and the data provide technical reference for design and improvement of a rubber fruit shelling machine. The device has the advantages of simple structure, strong practicability and simple operation, and provides important theoretical basis and experimental basis for the design and development of the rubber fruit shelling processing equipment. The shelling machine for rubber fruits designed and manufactured according to the breaking force data of the rubber fruits obtained by the test of the invention can improve the shelling quality of the rubber fruits and increase the economic benefit of the comprehensive utilization of the rubber fruits. The invention is suitable for testing the dynamic data of the breaking force of the rubber fruits.
Claims (1)
1. A device for testing the crushing force of rubber fruits is characterized by comprising a rack, a sample positioning device, a shell crushing device and a crushing force measuring device, wherein the sample positioning device, the shell crushing device and the crushing force measuring device are installed on the rack;
the frame comprises base (1) and support (2), base mesa (101) of base (1) is the horizontally rectangle plane, support (2) comprises 6 stand columns (201), 2 longerons (202), crossbeam I (203), crossbeam II (204) and crossbeam III (205), the cross section of stand column (201) is circular, crossbeam I (203), crossbeam II (204) and crossbeam III (205) cross section are square, 4 stand columns (201) are respectively vertically fixedly connected at four corners of base mesa (101), 2 stand columns (201) are respectively symmetrically fixedly connected at the middle parts of two long edges of base mesa (101), 2 longerons (202) are respectively horizontally fixedly connected at the upper ends of 3 stand columns (201) on the left and right sides, the upper ends of two stand columns (201) on the left and right sides of the horizontal fixedly connected at the rear part of crossbeam I (203), crossbeam II (204) is horizontally fixedly connected at the upper ends of two stand columns (201) on the left and right sides of the middle part, the cross beam III (205) is horizontally and fixedly connected to the upper ends of the left and right upright posts (201) at the front part;
the sample positioning device is a clamp sample positioning device consisting of a platform (8) and a sample positioning clamp, or a circular platform sample positioning device consisting of a platform (8) and an extrusion test circular ring sample platform;
in the platform (8), the horizontal plane of a platform bottom plate (801) is rectangular, the long edge of the platform bottom plate (801) is parallel to the long edge of a base table board (101), and the long edge of the platform bottom plate (801) is fixed on the base table board (101) by taking the connecting line of the middle points of the short edges of the base table board (101) as a symmetry axis, the connecting line of the middle points of the long edges of the platform bottom plate (801) is right below a cross beam II (204), 2 platform side plates (803) are mutually parallel and are respectively vertically and symmetrically fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the platform bottom plate (801), the two ends of a platform top plate (802) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper ends of the front platform side plate;
in the clamp sample positioning device, a sample positioning clamp is arranged on the upper plane of a platform top plate (802) of a platform (8), the sample positioning clamp consists of a clamp frame (9), a clamping plate (10), an adjusting screw (11) and a sample cushion block (12), the clamp frame (9) consists of a clamp frame bottom plate (901) and 2 clamp frame side plates (902), the clamp frame bottom plate (901) is horizontally arranged, the horizontal plane of the clamp frame bottom plate (901) is rectangular, the long edges of the clamp frame bottom plate (901) are parallel to the long edges of the platform top plate (802), the long edges of the platform top plate (802) are fixed on the upper plane of the platform top plate (802) by taking the connecting line of the middle points of the short edges of the platform top plate (802) as a symmetry axis, the 2 clamp frame side plates (902) are opposite to each other and are vertically fixedly connected with the clamp frame bottom plate (901) at two ends of the clamp frame bottom plate (901), and the middle parts of the 2 clamp, the two clamp adjusting threaded holes (903) are coaxial, the sample cushion block (12) is a cube and is arranged between the two clamp frame side plates (902), 2 clamping plates (10) are respectively and vertically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the sample cushion block (12) between the two clamp frame side plates (902), 2 adjusting screws (11) respectively penetrate through the clamp frame side plates (902) from the outer sides of the clamp frame side plates (902) through being in threaded connection with the clamp adjusting threaded holes (903) to be ejected onto the clamping plates (10), and the sample cushion block (12) is positioned at the central position of the sample positioning clamp; when a sample is tested, the rubber fruit sample (22) is placed on the sample cushion block (12), two adjusting screws (11) are adjusted, and the rubber fruit sample (22) is clamped by two clamping plates (10) to meet the requirement of sample positioning;
in the circular truncated cone sample positioning device, an extrusion test circular ring sample table is arranged on the upper plane of a platform top plate (802) of a platform (8), the extrusion test circular ring sample table is composed of a circular ring sample table bottom plate (1301) and an extrusion area circular ring (1302), the circular ring sample table bottom plate (1301) is horizontally arranged, the horizontal plane of the circular ring sample table bottom plate (1301) is rectangular, the long edge of the circular ring sample table bottom plate (1301) is parallel to the long edge of the platform top plate (802), the middle point connecting line of the short edges of the platform top plate (802) is used as a symmetry axis to be fixed on the upper plane of the platform top plate (802), the extrusion area circular ring (1302) is fixedly connected onto the circular ring sample table bottom plate (1301), and the axis of the extrusion area circular ring (1302) is perpendicular to the circular ring sample table bottom plate (1301) and penetrates through the center of the circular ring sample table bottom plate (1301); when a sample is tested, the rubber fruit sample (22) is placed in an extrusion area circular ring (1302) of an extrusion test circular ring sample table to meet the requirement of sample positioning;
the shell breaking device is a knife-cutting shell breaking device consisting of a sliding cross beam (3), a pressurizing head (4), a knife rest (5), a locking nut (6) and a plate-type cutter, or a cone piercing shell breaking device consisting of the sliding cross beam (3), the pressurizing head (4) and a cone piercing cutter (25), or an extrusion shell breaking device consisting of the sliding cross beam (3), the pressurizing head (4) and an extrusion cutter (24);
the crossbeam body (301) of the sliding beam (3) is a cuboid, 2 sliding guide pipes (302) are symmetrically and respectively fixedly connected to two ends of the crossbeam body (301), two planes of the crossbeam body (301) vertical to the axis of the sliding guide pipes (302) are respectively an upper plane of the crossbeam body and a lower plane of the crossbeam body, a U-shaped hook (303) is fixedly connected to the central part of the upper plane of the crossbeam body, a pressurizing head mounting screw hole (304) is arranged at the center of the lower plane of the crossbeam body, the U-shaped hook (303) of the sliding beam (3) faces upwards, and the 2 sliding guide pipes (302) are respectively sleeved on a left upright column (201) and a right upright column (201) in the middle of the support (2) to form sliding connection between the sliding beam (3) and the support (2) in the up-down direction; the pressurizing head (4) is a cylinder, a pressurizing head screw rod (402) is arranged at the upper end of the pressurizing head (4), a pressurizing head threaded hole (401) is arranged at the lower end of the pressurizing head, the pressurizing head screw rod (402) and the pressurizing head threaded hole (401) are coaxial with the cylinder of the pressurizing head (4), the pressurizing head screw rod (402) is in threaded connection with a pressurizing head mounting threaded hole (304), and the pressurizing head (4) is vertically and downwards mounted on the sliding beam (3);
in the shell cutting and breaking device, a cutter frame screw rod (501) is arranged at the upper part of a cutter frame (5), the lower part of the cutter frame is a cube, a vertically downward cutter mounting groove (502) is arranged on one group of opposite side surfaces of the cube along a central line of the bottom surface of the cube, two cutter fixing holes (503) which are parallel to each other and symmetrically distributed are arranged on the other group of opposite side surfaces of the cube, the cutter fixing holes (503) are through holes which vertically penetrate through the cutter mounting groove (502), the cutter frame screw rod (501) is in threaded connection with a pressure head threaded hole (401), the cutter frame (5) is vertically downward arranged on a pressure head (4), and a locking nut (6) is sleeved on the cutter frame screw rod (501) to play roles in locking the connection of the cutter frame (5) and the pressure head (4) and adjusting the direction of; the plate type cutter is a flat cutter (7) or a V-shaped cutter (23), two cutter holes (701) are formed in the upper portions of the flat cutter (7) and the V-shaped cutter (23), the upper portions of the flat cutter (7) or the V-shaped cutter (23) are placed in a cutter mounting groove (502), and the flat cutter (7) or the V-shaped cutter (23) is vertically and downwards fixedly connected to a cutter frame (5) through a bolt penetrating through the cutter mounting hole 503 and the cutter holes (701); the lower part of the flat cutter (7) is a linear flat cutting edge (702), and the lower part of the V-shaped cutter (23) is a V-shaped cutting edge (2301);
in the stabbing shell breaking device, a stabbing cutter bar (2501) is arranged at the upper part of a stabbing cutter (25), the stabbing cutter bar (2501) is coaxially and fixedly connected with a stabbing needle (2502), a bolt is arranged at the upper end of the stabbing cutter bar (2501), the upper end of the stabbing cutter bar (2501) is in threaded connection with a pressure head threaded hole (401) through the bolt, and the stabbing cutter (25) is vertically and downwards arranged on a pressure head (4);
in the extrusion shell breaking device, an extrusion rod (2401) is arranged at the upper part of an extrusion cutter (24), the lower end of the extrusion rod (2401) is fixedly connected with an extrusion disc (2402), the lower end of the extrusion rod (2401) is coaxial with the extrusion disc (2402), the upper end of the extrusion rod (2401) is a bolt, the upper end of the extrusion rod (2401) is in threaded connection with a threaded hole (401) of a pressurizing head through the bolt at the upper end of the extrusion rod (2401), and the extrusion cutter (24) is vertically and downwardly installed on the pressurizing head (4);
the crushing force measuring device consists of a cutter lifting system and a cutter pressing system, wherein the cutter lifting system comprises a group of pulley blocks II and a sliding balance weight water bucket (19) and is used for providing lifting force for lifting the cutter, and the cutter pressing system comprises two groups of pulley blocks I, another sliding balance weight water bucket (19) and two dynamometers (18) and is used for providing pressing force for pressing the cutter;
in the sliding balance counterweight water bucket (19), a sliding bearing rod (1902) is horizontally and fixedly connected to the bucket opening of a bucket body (1901) in a manner of coinciding with the diameter of the bucket body, 2 sliding rod guide pipes (1903) are vertically and respectively and fixedly connected to two ends of the sliding bearing rod (1902) with the bucket opening, one hoisting hole (1904) is a central hole of the sliding bearing rod on the sliding bearing rod (1902), and the other two hoisting holes (1904) are respectively a left side hole of the sliding bearing rod and a right side hole of the sliding bearing rod which are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central hole;
in the cutter lifting system, a pulley block II consists of 2 fixed pulleys III (17) and a steel wire rope II (21), the two fixed pulleys III (17) are fixedly connected to the central points of the lower planes of a cross beam II (204) and a cross beam III (205) respectively, one end of the steel wire rope II (21) is connected with a U-shaped hook (303) on a sliding cross beam (3), the steel wire rope II (21) is wound upwards on the fixed pulley III (17) on the cross beam II (204), then is wound forwards on the fixed pulley III (17) on the cross beam III (205) and then is downwards, the other end of the steel wire rope II (21) is connected with a sliding bearing rod central hole of a sliding balance weight water barrel (19), and 2 sliding rod guide pipes (1903) are sleeved on a left upright post and a right upright post (201) on the front portion of a support (2) respectively to form sliding connection of the sliding balance weight water barrel (19) and the support (;
in the cutter pressing system, 2 sliding rod guide pipes (1930) of a sliding balance weight water barrel (19) are respectively sleeved on a left upright post (201) and a right upright post (201) at the rear part of a support (2) to form sliding connection of the sliding balance weight water barrel (19) and the support (2) in the up-down direction; the pulley block I consists of 1 movable pulley (14), 2 fixed pulleys I (15), 1 fixed pulley II (16) and a steel wire rope I (20), two groups of pulley blocks I are respectively arranged in planes which are mutually bilaterally symmetrical and vertical to the base table board (101) on the left side and the right side of the platform (8), namely, the two movable pulleys (14) are mutually symmetrical and respectively hung on the lower plane of the sliding cross beam (3) on the two sides of the pressurizing head (4), 2 fixed pulleys I (15) are arranged on each side of the left side and the right side of the platform (8) and fixedly connected to the base table board (101) in front and back, the fixed pulleys I (15) on the two sides are mutually symmetrically arranged, and the two fixed pulleys II (16) are mutually symmetrically and respectively fixedly connected to the lower plane of the cross beam I (203); on the left side of the platform (8), one end of a steel wire rope I (20) is fixedly connected to a shell of a movable pulley (14), the steel wire rope I (20) is wound downwards on a fixed pulley I (15) in front, then wound upwards on the movable pulley (14), then wound downwards on a fixed pulley I (15) behind, then wound upwards on a fixed pulley II (16) in an inclined manner and then wound downwards, the other end of the steel wire rope I (20) is connected with the upper end of a dynamometer (18), and the lower end of the dynamometer (18) is connected with a left hole of a sliding bearing rod of a sliding balance weight water barrel (19); on the right side of the platform (8), one end of a steel wire rope I (20) is fixedly connected to a shell of a movable pulley (14), the steel wire rope I (20) is wound downwards on a fixed pulley I (15) in front, then is wound upwards on the movable pulley (14), then is wound downwards on a fixed pulley I (15) behind, then is wound upwards obliquely on a fixed pulley II (16) and then is wound downwards, the other end of the steel wire rope I (20) is connected with the upper end of a dynamometer (18), and the lower end of the dynamometer (18) is connected with the right hole of a sliding bearing rod of a sliding balance counterweight water barrel (19);
the combination of the clamp sample positioning device and the knife-cutting shell-breaking device and the crushing force measuring device form a rubber fruit crushing force testing device for testing the shearing crushing force of the rubber fruit knife-cutting shell-breaking, and the cutting edge of the plate-type cutter is transversely arranged on the central position of the sample positioning clamp;
the combination of the clamp sample positioning device and the cone puncture shell-breaking device and the crushing force measuring device form a rubber fruit crushing force testing device for testing the cone puncture crushing force of the rubber fruit cone puncture shell, and a cone puncture needle (2502) of a cone puncture cutter (25) is arranged above the central position of the sample positioning clamp;
the combination of the circular truncated cone sample positioning device and the extrusion shell breaking device and the crushing force measuring device form a rubber fruit crushing force testing device for testing the extrusion crushing force of the rubber fruit extrusion shell breaking, an extrusion disc (2402) of an extrusion cutter (24) is arranged on an extrusion area ring (1302) of an extrusion test circular ring sample table, and the extrusion disc (2402) is coaxial with the extrusion area ring (1302).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810297349.4A CN108507885B (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2018-04-03 | Rubber fruit crushing force testing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810297349.4A CN108507885B (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2018-04-03 | Rubber fruit crushing force testing device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108507885A CN108507885A (en) | 2018-09-07 |
| CN108507885B true CN108507885B (en) | 2020-08-04 |
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| FI120763B (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2010-02-26 | Kone Corp | A method of measuring the load in an elevator and an elevator |
| CN203475901U (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-03-12 | 潍坊大洋自动泊车设备有限公司 | Lifting transverse-moving type stereoscopic parking equipment with underground layer and two overground layers |
| CN104799398B (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2016-08-17 | 海南大学 | Double rollers shearing rubber fruit hulling machine |
| CN106153478B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2019-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of impact type consolidation object intensity measuring device and its method |
| CN205941201U (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2017-02-08 | 苏州电器科学研究院股份有限公司 | Tensile testing machine of three orientations |
| CN106370530B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2020-04-17 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Straw crushing characteristic test device and method thereof |
| CN106644714A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-10 | 中船华南船舶机械有限公司 | Heavy-load testing device |
| CN207163808U (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-03-30 | 东莞市源胜建设工程质量检测有限公司 | Drop hammer impact testing machine |
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