CN108506057B - Cogeneration system for cutting off steam inlet of low-pressure cylinder and adjusting method - Google Patents
Cogeneration system for cutting off steam inlet of low-pressure cylinder and adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108506057B CN108506057B CN201810171002.5A CN201810171002A CN108506057B CN 108506057 B CN108506057 B CN 108506057B CN 201810171002 A CN201810171002 A CN 201810171002A CN 108506057 B CN108506057 B CN 108506057B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cogeneration system for cutting off steam admission of a low-pressure cylinder and an adjusting method. When the low-pressure cylinder is cut off, not only the low-pressure cylinder needs to be effectively cooled, but also the danger that the cut-off of the low-pressure cylinder is likely to cause the cylinder to be closed is considered. In the invention, the following components are added: the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is connected with the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through a communicating pipe and a cooling steam pipe; the communicating pipe is provided with a back pressure butterfly valve and a condensation butterfly valve; the cooling steam pipe is provided with a temperature and pressure reducing device and a steam-water separating device; the drain of the low-heating heater is connected in turn; the heat supply network drain is connected with the water supply inlet pipe and the drain outlet pipe of the third low-heating heater. The invention realizes the effective cooling of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the cascade utilization of low and medium temperature heat, and the exhaust of the exhaust steam of the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is realized by arranging the water supply recycling and the quick-opening steam guide bypass, thereby preventing the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine from being closed and improving the safety of system operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cogeneration, and particularly relates to a cogeneration system for cutting off steam inlet of a low-pressure cylinder and an adjusting method.
Background
At present, the policy in China gradually pays attention to popularization of new energy sources, and reduces the proportion of thermal power generating units. For thermal power plants, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is usually directly discharged through an air cooling or water cooling mode, which causes huge cold end loss. For example, the energy utilization rate of a 300MW subcritical pure condensing unit is about 38%, wherein the cold end loss is about 45%, the energy utilization rate of the unit is improved to 60% after steam extraction and heat supply are adopted, but 20% of condensed low-temperature waste heat is discharged, and the heat is difficult to directly utilize due to low grade. Meanwhile, as the power grid is used for absorbing new energy and power, the requirements on the thermal power flexibility of the coal motor unit are continuously enhanced, and the coal motor unit needs to realize ultralow-load operation to meet the peak regulation requirement of the power grid, so that the coal-fired thermoelectric unit is extremely challenged.
At present, the 'steam turbine extraction condensing back system and the adjusting method thereof' of the Chinese patent with the application number of 201710193938.3 can realize that the low-pressure cylinder does not put into operation without replacing a rotor, and the technology can not only furthest increase the external heat supply quantity, but also realize the low-load power generation of a unit with high benefit. When the steam inlet of the low-pressure cylinder is cut off, a practical cooling technology and a rear cylinder water spraying effective control technology are needed, and effective cooling is implemented on the low-pressure cylinder; and the risk that the cylinder is closed by the middle pressure cylinder is possibly caused by cutting off the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder is also considered. In addition, when the low-pressure cylinder is cut off and steam enters, the heat recovery system of the low-pressure cylinder does not enter steam any more, so that the economical efficiency and the safety of the operation of the heat recovery system of the low-pressure cylinder are ensured, and the method is one of key technologies for realizing the operation of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine without steam entering.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above situation, the invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, and provides a cogeneration system and an adjusting method which are reasonable in design and reliable in performance and are used for cutting off the steam inlet of a low-pressure cylinder.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme: a cogeneration system for cutting off low pressure cylinder steam admission, characterized in that: the device comprises a steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder, a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, a condenser, a condensate pump, a shaft seal heater, a first low-heating heater, a second low-heating heater, a third low-heating heater, a drainage pump, a temperature and pressure reducing device, a steam-water separation device, a flow measuring device, a heat supply network heater and a rear cylinder water spraying device; the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is connected with the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through a communicating pipe, and a back pressure butterfly valve and a condensation butterfly valve are sequentially arranged on the communicating pipe along the steam flow direction; the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is also connected with the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through a cooling steam pipe, and a first stop valve, a temperature and pressure reducing device, a steam-water separation device, a flow measuring device, a first regulating valve and a second stop valve are sequentially arranged on the cooling steam pipe along the steam flow direction; the temperature and pressure reducing device is connected with a temperature reducing water pipe; the separation water outlet of the steam-water separation device is connected with the condenser through a separation water pipe; the steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is connected with a condenser; the condenser is connected with a boiler water supply pipe, and a condensate pump, a shaft seal heater, a first low-heating heater, a second low-heating heater and a third low-heating heater are sequentially arranged on the boiler water supply pipe along the water flowing direction; the steam inlet of the first low-pressure heating device is connected with the first steam extraction port of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through a first low-pressure steam extraction pipe, a second gate valve is arranged on the first low-pressure steam extraction pipe, and a steam outlet of the second gate valve is also connected with a shaft seal steam leakage pipe; the steam inlet of the second low-pressure heating device is connected with the second steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through a second low-pressure steam extraction pipe, and a first gate valve is arranged on the second low-pressure steam extraction pipe; the steam inlet of the third low-pressure heater is connected with the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through a third low-pressure steam extraction pipe; the steam inlet of the heat supply network heater is connected with the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine through a heating steam extraction pipe; the drain outlet of the third low-heating heater is connected with the drain inlet of the second low-heating heater through a third regenerative drain pipe; the drain outlet of the second low-heating heater is connected with the drain inlet of the first low-heating heater through a second regenerative drain pipe, and a fourth regulating valve is arranged on the second regenerative drain pipe; and the water drain outlet of the first low-temperature heating device is connected with the condenser through a first heat return water drain pipe.
Preferably, the drainage outlet of the heat supply network heater is connected with the water supply inlet of the third low-heating heater through a heating drainage pipe.
Preferably, the drainage outlet of the heat supply network heater is also connected with a third backheating drainage pipe of a third low-heating heater through a heating drainage pipe.
Preferably, the water drain outlet of the second low-heating heater is connected with the water supply outlet of the second low-heating heater through a second backheating water drain branch pipe, and a third regulating valve and a water drain pump are sequentially arranged on the second backheating water drain branch pipe along the water flowing direction.
Preferably, the water supply inlet of the second low-heating device is provided with a second regulating valve, the water supply inlet of the second regulating valve is also connected with the condenser through a water supply recycling pipe, and the water supply recycling pipe is provided with a fifth regulating valve.
Preferably, the back pressure butterfly valve is a valve without mechanical limit, and fluid is not leaked when the valve is fully closed; the back pressure butterfly valve has a quick-opening function; the extraction butterfly valve is a valve with mechanical limit, and fluid can still circulate when the valve is fully closed.
Preferably, the back pressure butterfly valve is provided with a quick-opening steam guide bypass, and the quick-opening butterfly valve is installed on the quick-opening steam guide bypass and has a quick-opening function.
Preferably, the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is further provided with a rear cylinder water spraying device, the rear cylinder water spraying device is connected with a water outlet of the condensate pump through a rear cylinder water spraying pipe, and a third stop valve and a sixth regulating valve are sequentially arranged on the rear cylinder water spraying pipe along the water flowing direction.
A method for regulating a cogeneration system for cutting off low pressure cylinder inlet steam as described above, characterized by: the adjusting method comprises the following steps: when the unit operates under the working condition of steam extraction and heat supply, the first stop valve and the second stop valve are closed, the cooling steam pipe is in a closed state, and the cooling steam system is not put into operation; at the moment, the back pressure butterfly valve is in a full-open state, and the opening degree of the extraction condensation butterfly valve is adjusted, so that the steam discharge amount of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine entering the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is adjusted; steam discharged from a middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine which does not enter a low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine enters a heat supply network heater and a third low-pressure heater respectively, and steam of the heat supply network heater is drained and conveyed to a water supply inlet of the third low-pressure heater or a third regenerative drain pipe; closing a fourth regulating valve and a fifth regulating valve, opening a first gate valve, a second regulating valve and a third regulating valve, wherein a water supply recycling pipe is in a closed state, low-pressure steam extraction of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine respectively enters a first low-pressure heater and a second low-pressure heater, shaft seal steam leakage is conveyed to the first low-pressure heater through a shaft seal steam leakage pipe, steam drainage of the third low-pressure heater is conveyed to a drainage inlet of the second low-pressure heater, steam drainage of the second low-pressure heater is conveyed to a water supply inlet of the third low-pressure heater through a drainage pump, and steam drainage of the first low-pressure heater is conveyed to a condenser; opening a third stop valve, and adjusting the opening of a sixth adjusting valve according to the exhaust steam temperature of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine so as to control the water spraying flow of the rear cylinder water spraying device; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is less than or equal to 45 ℃, the sixth regulating valve is in a closed state; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is more than or equal to 80 ℃, the sixth regulating valve is in a full-open state; when the exhaust steam temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is 45 ℃ less than T less than 80 ℃, the function between the opening degree f of the sixth regulating valve and the exhaust steam temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is as follows: f= (T-45)/(35×100%;
when the unit operates under the back pressure heat supply working condition, the first stop valve and the second stop valve are opened, the cooling steam pipe is in an open state, and the cooling steam system is put into operation; at the moment, the back pressure butterfly valve and the extraction condensing butterfly valve are in a fully closed state, exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine does not enter the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work, all exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine enters the heating network heater and the third low-pressure heater respectively, and steam of the heating network heater is delivered to a water supply inlet of the third low-pressure heater or a third regenerative hydrophobic pipe in a hydrophobic mode; meanwhile, the exhaust steam of a small steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder enters a cooling steam pipe, temperature and pressure are reduced through a temperature and pressure reducing device, then moisture in the reduced-temperature steam is removed through a steam-water separation device, the separated moisture is conveyed to a condenser through a separation water pipe, the separated steam directly enters a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder to cool the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder, the opening of a first regulating valve is regulated according to the measured value of a flow measuring device, and the cooling steam flow displayed by the flow measuring device is ensured to meet the cooling requirement of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder; closing the first gate valve and the second gate valve, wherein only shaft seal leakage steam is conveyed to the first low-heating device through a shaft seal leakage steam pipe, steam of the third low-heating device is conveyed to a drain inlet of the second low-heating device in a drain mode, closing the third regulating valve, opening the fourth regulating valve, steam of the second low-heating device is conveyed to a drain inlet of the first low-heating device in a drain mode, and steam of the first low-heating device is conveyed to the condenser in a drain mode; opening and adjusting the opening of the second regulating valve and the fifth regulating valve, and conveying part of the feed water output by the first low-pressure heater to the condenser through the feed water recirculation pipe; the back pressure butterfly valve has the quick-opening function, and when the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine can not be discharged in time, the quick-opening function of the back pressure butterfly valve can be utilized to realize the discharge of the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, so that the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is prevented from being closed. Opening a third stop valve, and adjusting the opening of a sixth adjusting valve according to the exhaust steam temperature of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine so as to control the water spraying flow of the rear cylinder water spraying device; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is less than or equal to 45 ℃, the sixth regulating valve is in a closed state; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is more than or equal to 80 ℃, the sixth regulating valve is in a full-open state; when the exhaust steam temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is 45 ℃ less than T less than 80 ℃, the function between the opening f of the sixth regulating valve and the exhaust steam temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is as follows: f= (T-45)/(35×100%). Wherein: the source of the temperature-reducing water of the temperature-reducing and pressure-reducing device can be desalted water, condensed water or boiler water.
Preferably, when the unit is switched between the steam extraction heat supply working condition and the back pressure heat supply working condition, a cooling steam pipe is firstly opened, warm water is not firstly thrown into a temperature and pressure reducing device, and a condensation butterfly valve is gradually closed to the minimum valve position of the unit during steam extraction heat supply; then the back pressure butterfly valve is gradually closed, the temperature and pressure reducing device is put into the temperature and pressure reducing water, and the temperature and pressure of the cooling steam are controlled through the temperature and pressure reducing device, so that the temperature of the cooling steam meets the cooling requirement of a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine; when the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine cannot be discharged in time, the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine can be discharged by utilizing the quick-opening steam guide bypass, and the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is prevented from being closed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: (1) The cooling device has reasonable design, simple structure and reliable performance, and can effectively cool the cooling steam firstly according to the pressure and the temperature of the cooling steam required by the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine; the temperature of the cooled steam is lower, so that the low-pressure cylinder can be better cooled; (2) By changing the connection mode of the heat network drainage and the heat recovery system, the cascade utilization of heat energy is realized, the condensate amount of the low-pressure heat recovery system is ensured when the low-pressure cylinder does not enter steam, and the operation safety of the low-pressure cylinder heat recovery system is improved; (3) The operation safety of the low-pressure cylinder heat recovery system is improved through the water supply recirculation of the low-pressure heat recovery system; (4) By utilizing a back pressure butterfly valve with a quick-opening function or setting a quick-opening steam guide bypass, the exhaust of steam exhausted by the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is realized, and the phenomenon of cylinder tightness of the middle pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a quick-opening steam-guiding bypass structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrophobic connection mode of a heat supply network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and not limited to the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a cogeneration system for cutting off steam intake of a low pressure cylinder comprises a turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 1, a turbine low pressure cylinder 2, a condenser 3, a condensate pump 4, a shaft seal heater 5, a first low heating heater 6, a second low heating heater 7, a third low heating heater 8, a drain pump 9, a temperature and pressure reducing device 10, a steam-water separation device 11, a flow measuring device 12, a heat supply network heater 13 and a rear cylinder water spraying device 14; the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine is connected with the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine through a communicating pipe 41, and a back pressure butterfly valve 21 and a condensation butterfly valve 22 are sequentially arranged on the communicating pipe 41 along the steam flowing direction; the back pressure butterfly valve 21 is a valve without mechanical limit, and fluid is not leaked when the valve is fully closed; the back pressure butterfly valve 21 has a quick-opening function; the extraction butterfly valve 22 is a valve with mechanical limit, and fluid can still circulate when the valve is fully closed; the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine is also connected with the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine through a cooling steam pipe 43, and a first stop valve 24, a temperature and pressure reducing device 10, a steam-water separation device 11, a flow measuring device 12, a first regulating valve 25 and a second stop valve 26 are sequentially arranged on the cooling steam pipe 43 along the steam flow direction; the temperature and pressure reducing device 10 is connected with a temperature reducing water pipe 44; the separated water outlet of the steam-water separation device 11 is connected with the condenser 3 through a separated water pipe 45; the steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is connected with a condenser 3; the condenser 3 is connected with a boiler water supply pipe 52, and a condensate pump 4, a shaft seal heater 5, a first low-heating heater 6, a second low-heating heater 7 and a third low-heating heater 8 are sequentially arranged on the boiler water supply pipe 52 along the water flowing direction; the steam inlet of the first low-pressure heater 6 is connected with the first steam extraction port of the low-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine through a first low-pressure steam extraction pipe 47, a second gate valve 28 is arranged on the first low-pressure steam extraction pipe 47, and a steam outlet of the second gate valve 28 is also connected with a shaft seal steam leakage pipe 48; the steam inlet of the second low-pressure heating device 7 is connected with the second steam extraction port of the low-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine through a second low-pressure steam extraction pipe 46, and a first gate valve 27 is arranged on the second low-pressure steam extraction pipe 46; the steam inlet of the third low-pressure heater 8 is connected with the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine through a third low-pressure steam extraction pipe 49; the steam inlet of the heat supply network heater 13 is connected with the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine through a heating steam extraction pipe 50, and the drainage outlet of the heat supply network heater 13 is connected with the water supply inlet of the third low-heating heater 8 through a heating drainage pipe 51; the drain outlet of the third low-heating heater 8 is connected with the drain inlet of the second low-heating heater 7 through a third regenerative drain pipe 53; the drain outlet of the second low-heating heater 7 is connected with the drain inlet of the first low-heating heater 6 through a second regenerative drain pipe 55, and a fourth regulating valve 31 is arranged on the second regenerative drain pipe 55; the drain outlet of the second low-heating heater 7 is also connected with the water supply outlet of the second low-heating heater 7 through a second regenerative drain branch pipe 54, and a third regulating valve 30 and a drain pump 9 are sequentially arranged on the second regenerative drain branch pipe 54 along the water flow direction; the drain outlet of the first low-heating device 6 is connected with the condenser 3 through a first heat return drain pipe 56; the water supply inlet of the second low-pressure heater 7 is provided with a second regulating valve 29, the water supply inlet of the second regulating valve 29 is connected with the condenser 3 through a water supply recycling pipe 57, and the water supply recycling pipe 57 is provided with a fifth regulating valve 32; the turbine low pressure cylinder 2 is further provided with a rear cylinder water spraying device 14, the rear cylinder water spraying device 14 is connected with a water outlet of the condensate pump 4 through a rear cylinder water spraying pipe 58, and a third stop valve 33 and a sixth regulating valve 34 are sequentially arranged on the rear cylinder water spraying pipe 58 along the water flowing direction.
Referring to fig. 2, the back pressure butterfly valve 21 is provided with a quick-opening steam guide bypass 42, and the quick-opening butterfly valve 23 is installed on the quick-opening steam guide bypass 42; the quick-opening butterfly valve 23 has a quick-opening function.
Referring to fig. 3, the drain outlet of the heat supply network heater 13 is also connected to a No. three regenerative drain pipe 53 of the No. three low-heating heater 8 through a heating drain pipe 51.
The adjusting method of the cogeneration system for cutting off the steam inlet of the low-pressure cylinder comprises the following steps of:
when the unit operates under the working condition of steam extraction and heat supply, the first stop valve 24 and the second stop valve 26 are closed, the cooling steam pipe 43 is in a closed state, and the cooling steam system is not put into operation;
at this time, the back pressure butterfly valve 21 is in a fully opened state, and the opening degree of the extraction butterfly valve 22 is adjusted, so that the steam discharge amount of the steam turbine medium pressure cylinder 1 entering the steam turbine low pressure cylinder 2 is adjusted; steam discharged from the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine which does not enter the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine enters the heat supply network heater 13 and the third low-pressure heater 8 respectively, and steam of the heat supply network heater 13 is subjected to drainage and is conveyed to a water supply inlet of the third low-pressure heater 8 or a third regenerative drainage pipe 53;
closing a fourth regulating valve 31 and a fifth regulating valve 32, opening a first gate valve 27, a second gate valve 28, a second regulating valve 29 and a third regulating valve 30, wherein a water supply recycling pipe 57 is in a closed state, low-adding steam extraction of a low-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine respectively enters a first low-adding heater 6 and a second low-adding heater 7, shaft seal steam leakage is conveyed to the first low-adding heater 6 through a shaft seal steam leakage pipe 48, steam of a third low-adding heater 8 is conveyed to a drain inlet of the second low-adding heater 7, steam of the second low-adding heater 7 is conveyed to a water supply inlet of the third low-adding heater 8 through a drain pump 9, and steam of the first low-adding heater 6 is conveyed to a condenser 3;
opening the third stop valve 33, and adjusting the opening of the sixth adjusting valve 34 according to the exhaust steam temperature of the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine, so as to control the water spraying flow of the rear cylinder water spraying device 14; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is less than or equal to 45 ℃, the sixth regulating valve 34 is in a closed state; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is more than or equal to 80 ℃, the sixth regulating valve 34 is in a full-open state; when the exhaust steam temperature T of the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is 45 ℃ < T < 80 ℃, the function between the opening degree f of the sixth regulating valve 34 and the exhaust steam temperature T of the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is: f= (T-45)/(35×100%).
When the unit operates under the back pressure heat supply working condition, the first stop valve 24 and the second stop valve 26 are opened, the cooling steam pipe is in an opened state, and the cooling steam system is put into operation;
at this time, the back pressure butterfly valve 21 and the extraction condensation butterfly valve 22 are in a fully closed state, the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine does not enter the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine for doing work, all the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine enters the heat supply network heater 13 and the third low heating heater 8 respectively, and the steam of the heat supply network heater 13 is delivered to the water supply inlet of the third low heating heater 8 or the third regenerative hydrophobic pipe 53 in a hydrophobic manner;
meanwhile, the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of a small steam turbine enters a cooling steam pipe 43, firstly, temperature and pressure reduction is carried out through a temperature and pressure reduction device 10, the temperature and pressure reduction water source of the temperature and pressure reduction device 10 can be desalted water, condensed water or boiler water supplement, then the moisture in the reduced steam is removed through a steam-water separation device 11, the separated moisture is conveyed to a condenser 3 through a separation water pipe 45, the separated steam directly enters a low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine, the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is cooled, the opening of a first regulating valve 25 is regulated according to the measured value of a flow measuring device 12, and the cooling steam flow displayed by the flow measuring device 12 is ensured to meet the cooling requirement of the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine;
closing the first gate valve 27 and the second gate valve 28, and only conveying shaft seal leakage steam to the first low-heating heater 6 through a shaft seal leakage steam pipe 48, wherein steam of the third low-heating heater 8 is conveyed to a drain inlet of the second low-heating heater 7 in a drain mode, closing the third regulating valve 30, opening the fourth regulating valve 31, conveying steam of the second low-heating heater 7 to the drain inlet of the first low-heating heater 6 in a drain mode, and conveying steam of the first low-heating heater 6 to the condenser 3 in a drain mode; opening and adjusting the opening of the second regulating valve 29 and the fifth regulating valve 32, and conveying part of the feed water output by the first low-pressure heater 6 to the condenser 3 through the feed water recirculation pipe 57;
the back pressure butterfly valve 21 has a quick opening function, when the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine cannot be timely discharged, the quick opening function of the back pressure butterfly valve 21 can be utilized to realize the discharge of the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine, and the phenomenon that the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine is closed is prevented;
opening the third stop valve 33, and adjusting the opening of the sixth adjusting valve 34 according to the exhaust steam temperature of the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine, so as to control the water spraying flow of the rear cylinder water spraying device 14; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is less than or equal to 45 ℃, the sixth regulating valve 34 is in a closed state; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is more than or equal to 80 ℃, the sixth regulating valve 34 is in a full-open state; when the exhaust temperature T of the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is 45 ℃ < T < 80 ℃, the function between the opening degree f of the sixth regulating valve 34 and the exhaust temperature T of the low pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine is: f= (T-45)/(35×100%).
In this embodiment, when the adjustment is performed between different working conditions, particularly when the unit switches between the steam extraction and heat supply working condition and the back pressure heat supply working condition, the cooling steam pipe 43 is opened first, the temperature and pressure reducing device 10 does not throw the temperature and pressure reducing water first, and the extraction and condensation butterfly valve 22 is closed gradually to the minimum valve position when the unit extracts steam and supplies heat; the back pressure butterfly valve 21 is gradually closed, the temperature and pressure reducing device 10 inputs the temperature and pressure reducing water, and the temperature and pressure of the cooling steam are controlled through the temperature and pressure reducing device 10, so that the temperature of the cooling steam meets the cooling requirement of the low-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine.
In addition, when the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine can not be discharged in time, the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine can be discharged by utilizing the quick-opening steam guide bypass 42, so that the middle pressure cylinder 1 of the steam turbine is prevented from being closed.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may vary from part to part, from name to name, etc., and the above description in the present specification is merely illustrative of the structure of the present invention. Equivalent or simple changes of the structure, characteristics and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions in a similar manner without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (7)
1. A cogeneration system for cutting off low pressure cylinder steam admission, characterized in that: the device comprises a steam turbine medium-pressure cylinder (1), a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (2), a condenser (3), a condensate pump (4), a shaft seal heater (5), a first low-heating heater (6), a second low-heating heater (7), a third low-heating heater (8), a drainage pump (9), a temperature and pressure reduction device (10), a steam-water separation device (11), a flow measuring device (12), a heat supply network heater (13) and a rear cylinder water spraying device (14); the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine is connected with the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine through a communicating pipe (41), and a back pressure butterfly valve (21) and a condensation butterfly valve (22) are sequentially arranged on the communicating pipe (41) along the steam flowing direction; the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine is also connected with the steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine through a cooling steam pipe (43), and a first stop valve (24), a temperature and pressure reducing device (10), a steam-water separation device (11), a flow measuring device (12), a first regulating valve (25) and a second stop valve (26) are sequentially arranged on the cooling steam pipe (43) along the steam flow direction; the temperature and pressure reducing device (10) is connected with a temperature reducing water pipe (44); the separated water outlet of the steam-water separation device (11) is connected with the condenser (3) through a separated water pipe (45); the steam outlet of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is connected with a condenser (3); the condenser (3) is connected with a boiler water supply pipe (52), and a condensate pump (4), a shaft seal heater (5), a first low-heating heater (6), a second low-heating heater (7) and a third low-heating heater (8) are sequentially arranged on the boiler water supply pipe (52) along the water flowing direction; the steam inlet of the first low-pressure heating device (6) is connected with the first steam extraction port of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine through a first low-pressure steam extraction pipe (47), a second gate valve (28) is arranged on the first low-pressure steam extraction pipe (47), and a steam outlet of the second gate valve (28) is also connected with a shaft seal steam leakage pipe (48); the steam inlet of the second low-pressure heating device (7) is connected with the second steam extraction port of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine through a second low-pressure steam extraction pipe (46), and a first gate valve (27) is arranged on the second low-pressure steam extraction pipe (46); the steam inlet of the third low-pressure heater (8) is connected with the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine through a third low-pressure steam extraction pipe (49); the steam inlet of the heat supply network heater (13) is connected with the steam outlet of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine through a heating steam extraction pipe (50); the water drain outlet of the third low-heating heater (8) is connected with the water drain inlet of the second low-heating heater (7) through a third heat return water drain pipe (53); the drain outlet of the second low-heating heater (7) is connected with the drain inlet of the first low-heating heater (6) through a second regenerative drain pipe (55), and a fourth regulating valve (31) is arranged on the second regenerative drain pipe (55); the water drain outlet of the first low-temperature heating device (6) is connected with the condenser (3) through a first heat return water drain pipe (56); the water drain outlet of the second low heating device (7) is connected with the water supply outlet of the second low heating device (7) through a second heat return water drain branch pipe (54), and a third regulating valve (30) and a water drain pump (9) are sequentially arranged on the second heat return water drain branch pipe (54) along the water flow direction; the water supply inlet of the second low-heating device (7) is provided with a second regulating valve (29), the water supply inlet of the second regulating valve (29) is also connected with the condenser (3) through a water supply recycling pipe (57), and a fifth regulating valve (32) is arranged on the water supply recycling pipe (57); the steam turbine low pressure cylinder (2) is also provided with a rear cylinder water spraying device (14), the rear cylinder water spraying device (14) is connected with a water outlet of the condensate pump (4) through a rear cylinder water spraying pipe (58), and a third stop valve (33) and a sixth regulating valve (34) are sequentially arranged on the rear cylinder water spraying pipe (58) along the water flowing direction.
2. The cogeneration system for cutting off low pressure cylinder inlet steam of claim 1, wherein: the drain outlet of the heat supply network heater (13) is connected with the water supply inlet of the third low-heating heater (8) through a heating drain pipe (51).
3. The cogeneration system for cutting off low pressure cylinder inlet steam of claim 1, wherein: the drain outlet of the heat supply network heater (13) is also connected with a third backheating drain pipe (53) of a third low-heating heater (8) through a heating drain pipe (51).
4. The cogeneration system for cutting off low pressure cylinder inlet steam of claim 1, wherein: the back pressure butterfly valve (21) is a valve without mechanical limit, and fluid is not leaked when the valve is fully closed; the back pressure butterfly valve (21) has a quick-opening function; the extraction butterfly valve (22) is a valve with mechanical limit, and fluid can still circulate when the valve is fully closed.
5. The cogeneration system for cutting off low pressure cylinder inlet steam of claim 1, wherein: the back pressure butterfly valve (21) is provided with a quick-opening steam guide bypass (42), the quick-opening butterfly valve (23) is arranged on the quick-opening steam guide bypass (42), and the quick-opening butterfly valve (23) has a quick-opening function.
6. A method for adjusting a cogeneration system for cutting off low pressure cylinder inlet steam according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by: the adjusting method comprises the following steps:
when the unit operates under the working condition of steam extraction and heat supply, the first stop valve (24) and the second stop valve (26) are closed, the cooling steam pipe (43) is in a closed state, and the cooling steam system is not put into operation; at the moment, the back pressure butterfly valve (21) is in a fully opened state, and the opening degree of the extraction condensation butterfly valve (22) is adjusted, so that the steam discharge amount of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine entering the low pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is adjusted; steam discharged from a middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine, which does not enter a low pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine, enters a heat supply network heater (13) and a third low-heating heater (8) respectively, and steam of the heat supply network heater (13) is subjected to drainage and is conveyed to a water supply inlet of the third low-heating heater (8) or a third regenerative drainage pipe (53); closing a fourth regulating valve (31) and a fifth regulating valve (32), opening a first gate valve (27), a second gate valve (28), a second regulating valve (29) and a third regulating valve (30), enabling a water supply recycling pipe (57) to be in a closed state, enabling low-pressure steam extraction of a low-pressure cylinder (2) of a steam turbine to enter a first low-pressure heater (6) and a second low-pressure heater (7) respectively, conveying shaft seal steam leakage to the first low-pressure heater (6) through a shaft seal steam leakage pipe (48), conveying steam drainage of the third low-pressure heater (8) to a drainage inlet of the second low-pressure heater (7), conveying steam drainage of the second low-pressure heater (7) to a water supply inlet of the third low-pressure heater (8) through a drainage pump (9), and conveying steam drainage of the first low-pressure heater (6) to a condenser (3); opening a third stop valve (33) to adjust the opening of a sixth regulating valve (34) according to the exhaust steam temperature of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine so as to control the water spraying flow of the rear cylinder water spraying device (14); when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is less than or equal to 45 ℃, the sixth regulating valve (34) is in a closed state; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is T not less than 80 ℃, the sixth regulating valve (34) is in a full-open state; when the exhaust steam temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is 45 ℃ less than T less than 80 ℃, the function between the opening degree f of the sixth regulating valve (34) and the exhaust steam temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is as follows: f= (T-45)/(35×100%;
when the unit operates under the back pressure heat supply working condition, a first stop valve (24) and a second stop valve (26) are opened, the cooling steam pipe is in an open state, and the cooling steam system is put into operation; at the moment, the back pressure butterfly valve (21) and the extraction condensation butterfly valve (22) are in a fully closed state, exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine does not enter the low pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine any more to do work, all the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine enters the heating network heater (13) and the third low heating heater (8) respectively, and steam of the heating network heater (13) is subjected to drainage and is conveyed to a water supply inlet of the third low heating heater (8) or a third regenerative drainage pipe (53); meanwhile, the exhaust steam of a small steam turbine medium pressure cylinder (1) enters a cooling steam pipe (43), the temperature and the pressure are reduced through a temperature and pressure reducing device (10), the temperature and pressure reducing water of the temperature and pressure reducing device (10) is demineralized water, condensed water or boiler water, then the moisture in the cooled steam is removed through a steam-water separation device (11), the separated moisture is conveyed to a condenser (3) through a separation water pipe (45), the separated steam directly enters a steam turbine low pressure cylinder (2) to cool the steam turbine low pressure cylinder (2), the opening degree of a first regulating valve (25) is regulated according to the measured value of a flow measuring device (12), and the cooling steam flow displayed by the flow measuring device (12) is ensured to meet the cooling requirement of the steam turbine low pressure cylinder (2); closing a first gate valve (27) and a second gate valve (28), conveying shaft seal leakage steam to a first low-heating heater (6) through a shaft seal leakage steam pipe (48), conveying steam of a third low-heating heater (8) to a drain inlet of a second low-heating heater (7), closing a third regulating valve (30), opening a fourth regulating valve (31), conveying steam of the second low-heating heater (7) to a drain inlet of the first low-heating heater (6), and conveying steam of the first low-heating heater (6) to a condenser (3); opening and adjusting the opening of a second regulating valve (29) and a fifth regulating valve (32), and conveying part of feed water output by a first low-pressure heater (6) to a condenser (3) through a feed water recycling pipe (57); the back pressure butterfly valve (21) has a quick opening function, when the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine cannot be discharged in time, the quick opening function of the back pressure butterfly valve (21) is utilized to realize the discharge of the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine, and the phenomenon that the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine is closed is prevented; opening a third stop valve (33) to adjust the opening of a sixth regulating valve (34) according to the exhaust steam temperature of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine so as to control the water spraying flow of the rear cylinder water spraying device (14); when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is less than or equal to 45 ℃, the sixth regulating valve (34) is in a closed state; when the exhaust temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is T not less than 80 ℃, the sixth regulating valve (34) is in a full-open state; when the exhaust steam temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is 45 ℃ less than T less than 80 ℃, the function between the opening degree f of the sixth regulating valve (34) and the exhaust steam temperature T of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine is as follows: f= (T-45)/(35×100%).
7. The method for adjusting a cogeneration system for removing low pressure cylinder steam admission of claim 6, wherein: when the unit is switched between the steam extraction heat supply working condition and the back pressure heat supply working condition, a cooling steam pipe (43) is firstly opened, warm water is not firstly added into the temperature and pressure reduction device (10), and a condensation butterfly valve (22) is gradually closed to the minimum valve position of the unit during steam extraction heat supply; then the back pressure butterfly valve (21) is gradually closed, the temperature and pressure reducing device (10) inputs the temperature and pressure reducing water, and the temperature and pressure of the cooling steam are controlled through the temperature and pressure reducing device (10), so that the temperature of the cooling steam meets the cooling requirement of the low-pressure cylinder (2) of the steam turbine; when the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine cannot be discharged in time, the exhaust steam of the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine is discharged by utilizing the quick-opening steam guide bypass (42), and the phenomenon that the middle pressure cylinder (1) of the steam turbine is closed is prevented.
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