CN108505190B - Method for preparing peach skin fabric base cloth by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers - Google Patents
Method for preparing peach skin fabric base cloth by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN108505190B CN108505190B CN201810374742.9A CN201810374742A CN108505190B CN 108505190 B CN108505190 B CN 108505190B CN 201810374742 A CN201810374742 A CN 201810374742A CN 108505190 B CN108505190 B CN 108505190B
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics
- D03D27/02—Woven pile fabrics wherein the pile is formed by warp or weft
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/04—Melting filament-forming substances
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/36—Matrix structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/10—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/02—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/02—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/06—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated alcohols, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, or of their acetals or ketals
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/02—Moisture-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/024—Moisture-responsive characteristics soluble
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing peach skin fabric by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, which is characterized in that the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers are woven or knitted into a peach skin texture structure, and the preparation of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps of (I), preparation of water-soluble PVA master batch, (II), preparation of sea-island fiber and after-treatment of the sea-island fiber. Compared with the traditional PVA, the invention not only ensures that the PVA sea component can be melt and compositely spun with PET with high melting point due to the reduction of the melting point, but also solves the problem that the PVA cannot be melt and compositely spun due to the decomposition of the PET when the traditional PVA meets high temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superfine fibers, in particular to a method for preparing peach skin fabric base cloth by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers.
Background
A peach skin product is a leather-like fabric developed after a synthetic chamois product, which is a thin fabric composed of ultra fine fibers. Peach skin is a novel thin napped fabric which is an ultra-fine fiber fabric, is stripped from a synthetic chamois, and is softer in texture because it is not subjected to a polyurethane wet process; because the velvet is shorter, the velvet can not be seen on the surface and the skin can be sensed, so that the hand feeling and the appearance are more exquisite and unique; the peach skin has soft and elegant luster, gives consumers a novel feeling compared with artificial chamois leather, and is suitable for the curious consumption psychology of people, so that people quickly get red in the international market.
The polyester superfine fiber is the peach skin fabric of raw materials, because it has the functions of moisture absorption, ventilation and water resistance, silky appearance and style, and the fabric is soft, rich in luster, smooth and glutinous hand feeling, etc., it is widely used in clothing (jacket, dress, etc.), bags, cases, shoes and hats, and furniture decoration.
The superfine fiber is attracted by people due to the properties of high coverage, soft hand feeling, comfortable wearing, soft luster, good adsorbability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of clothes, artificial leather, building materials, adsorption and filter materials and the like. The sea-island fiber is a short-term sea-island composite fiber, and it adopts composite spinning technology to respectively use 2 fiber-forming polymers as 'island' and 'sea' components, and makes melt spinning according to different mixing ratio, then utilizes the different solubilities of these 2 components to a certain chemical solvent to dissolve out the 'sea' component and leave the 'island' component, i.e. composite superfine fiber. Sea-island fibers are classified into a solvent-dissolving type (benzene weight reduction method) and a hydrolysis-peeling type (alkali weight reduction method) according to the type of sea-phase polymer and the post-processing process. The benzene reduction method utilizes organic solvents such as toluene and the like to dissolve and remove sea phase, and has the problems of recycling of the solvents, recovery of sea components, removal of trace solvents on superfine fibers and the like; the alkali decrement adopts hot alkali hydrolysis to strip sea phase, which avoids using organic solvent and reduces environmental pollution, but still has the problems of recycling hydrolysis products, treating waste alkali liquor and the like.
In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution of sea-island fibers in removing the sea phase from the source, the project is to apply water-soluble polymer chips to the sea phase of the sea-island fibers, and then dissolve the sea phase by using hot water to prepare the superfine fibers. Among them, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has excellent water solubility, mechanical properties, film forming properties, emulsifying properties, organic solvent resistance and the like, is widely applied to the fields of textile, paper making, wood processing, daily chemicals, medicine, sewage treatment and the like, and is a functional polymer material with wide application. In addition, PVA is considered to be a truly biodegradable synthetic polymer that can be completely degraded by a single microorganism or symbiotic population in nature to produce CO2And H2O, is one of the most potential environmentally friendly materials. Therefore, if PVA can be used as the water-soluble sea phase of the sea-island fiber, it is expected to thoroughly solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by benzene reduction and alkali reduction of the conventional sea-island fiber from the source. However, the melting point temperature of polyvinyl alcohol is lower than the decomposition temperature, and most of polyvinyl alcohol spinning adopts a wet spinning process. This process can only be used for monocomponent products, for example, a method of making sea-island fibers using polyvinyl alcohol monomers as disclosed in CN106702530AThe components are used to produce sea-island fibers, but cannot be used in composite spinning products. Therefore, polyvinyl alcohol must be modified to enable composite melt spinning.
However, PVA is a polyhydroxy polymer, and the melting point (200 ℃) and the decomposition temperature (200- & ltSUB & gt 220 ℃) of PVA are very close to each other due to the formation of strong intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds among hydroxyl groups, so that when the PVA is subjected to composite melt spinning with a thermoplastic material, the PVA is easily subjected to thermal decomposition due to heat conduction among melts and cannot be subjected to melt composite spinning, and therefore, the problem cannot be solved in the field of sea-island fiber composite melt spinning. The traditional sea-island fiber forming can only be solution spinning, for example, CN 105648576A discloses a PTFE/PVA sea-island fiber and its preparation method, which belongs to solution spinning, but can not realize composite melt spinning with island phase resin, which is a decisive factor for preventing PVA from being used in water-soluble sea phase of sea-island fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the method for preparing the polyester peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, which is characterized in that the polyester peach skin fabric obtained by the method is comfortable to wear, gives the surface characteristic of 'no fluff is seen and fluff is obtained by touching', is soft and light in touch, is bulky and fine, is smooth and elastic, and is thick and full, and can effectively solve the pollution problem caused by preparing the composite fibers by using an organic solvent during preparing the sea-island fibers by using the traditional PVA slices, realize the purpose of composite melt spinning with island phase resins, enhance the production continuity and reduce the manual labor intensity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing a peach skin fabric base fabric by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, wherein the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers are woven or knitted into a peach skin texture structure, and the preparation of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers comprises the following steps:
preparation of water-soluble PVA master batch
(1) Adding polyvinyl alcohol into a vacuum feeding machine according to the corresponding weight proportion, and starting the vacuum feeding machine; sequentially injecting a polyol or salt compound modifier, an antioxidant, a lubricant and deionized water into a vacuum feeding machine according to the proportion;
(2) starting a heating valve of the vacuum feeding machine, heating to 75-85 ℃, and mixing for 80-90 minutes by a vertical conical ribbon mixer;
(3) after mixing, feeding the mixture into a screw extruder for extrusion granulation, wherein the temperature of a first area of the screw extruder is 80-95 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 105-120 ℃; the temperature of a three area is 130-150 ℃; the temperature of the fourth area is 155-175 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 180-200 ℃, and continuous strand silk is obtained;
(4) the extruded strand wires are subjected to air cooling and then are cut into particles to obtain granular water-soluble PVA master batches;
(II) preparation of sea-island fiber
(5) Respectively carrying out melt extrusion on a terylene raw material as an island component and a water-soluble PVA master batch as a sea component through a screw extruder;
(6) respectively sending the two extruded and melted raw material melts into a melt pipeline for heating, wherein the temperature of the melt pipeline of the polyester raw material is set to be 290-295 ℃, the temperature of the melt pipeline of the PVA raw material is set to be 145-160 ℃, and the heat conduction temperature difference of the two raw material melts is set to be 30-32 ℃;
(7) respectively feeding the two raw material melts into a spinning manifold, extruding after accurately metering by a metering pump, distributing into a composite component in the spinning manifold, uniformly distributing the island component into the sea component through a distribution pipeline in the composite component, and spraying out from the same spinneret orifice to carry out composite spinning to obtain the sea-island type nascent fiber taking PET as the island component and PVA as the sea component;
(8) stretching and post-finishing the prepared island-in-sea nascent fiber to obtain an island-in-sea fiber filament, wherein the island phase component of each single fiber of the island-in-sea fiber filament accounts for 60-70% of the sectional area of the fiber, and the sea component accounts for 40-30% of the sectional area of the fiber;
(III) post-finishing of sea-island fibers
(9) And after the obtained sea-island fiber is cooled, dried, stretched, networked, oiled and the like, winding to obtain the final sea-island fiber finished product.
In the second step, the island component is accurately metered by the metering pump in the spinning box in the volume percentage range of 60-70%, and the sea component is accurately metered in the volume percentage range of 40-30%.
According to the method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, the hot water temperature is set to be 98-100 ℃, and the soaking time is 30 seconds-3 minutes.
According to the method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, the water-soluble PVA master batch is prepared by fusing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50-70 parts of polyvinyl alcohol;
15-25 parts of polyol or salt compound modifier;
3-7 parts of an antioxidant;
3-7 parts of a lubricant;
25-35 parts of deionized water;
the fusion method comprises the steps of dissolving a polyol or salt compound modifier in deionized water, uniformly mixing the dissolved polyol or salt compound modifier with an antioxidant, a lubricant and polyvinyl alcohol, and drying to obtain a modified PVA slice, wherein the melting point of the PVA slice is 180-190 ℃, the melting range is 175-195 ℃, and the thermal decomposition temperature is 210-220 ℃.
According to the method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, the water-soluble PVA master batch is prepared by fusing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60 parts of polyvinyl alcohol;
20 parts of polyol or salt compound modifier;
5 parts of an antioxidant;
5 parts of a lubricant;
30 parts of deionized water.
In the method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, the polyol or salt compound modifier is one or more of alcohol amine, polyethylene glycol, acetate or phosphate.
According to the method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, the antioxidant is an aniline antioxidant or a hindered phenol antioxidant.
In the method for preparing the base cloth of the peach skin fabric by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, the hindered phenol antioxidant is beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) or beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl).
In the method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, the lubricant is calcium stearate or polyfunctional fatty acid composite ester.
According to the method for preparing the polyester peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, the polyester peach skin fabric tissue structure is subjected to reduction treatment, and the polyester peach skin fabric is prepared by the working procedures of drying, softening, brushing, shearing, calendering, tentering, shaping, preshrinking and the like, wherein the reduction treatment comprises the following steps: the hot water temperature is set to be 40-100 ℃, the soaking time is 30 seconds-10 minutes, the sea component PVA in the sea-island fiber is completely dissolved, and the cluster island phase component superfine fiber peach skin fabric can be obtained
The method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers has the advantages that: the invention adopts small molecular compound or oligomer which has complementary structure with PVA and is environment-friendly to form strong hydrogen bond composition with PVA through molecular composition and plasticization, weakens the strong hydrogen bond in the PVA self molecule and among molecules, inhibits the crystallization, reduces the melting point, improves the thermal decomposition temperature, obtains a thermoplastic processing window more than 60 ℃, adds other processing aids to realize the thermoplastic processing of the PVA, extrudes and granulates through a screw rod to prepare the PVA slice which can be melt processed, provides key materials for preparing water-reducing sea-island fibers, and can prepare the peach skin fabric with soft hand feeling and fine appearance through water reduction and corresponding post processing after the fabric is prepared.
The peach skin fabric is woven by adopting a tatting or knitting technology, and the weight reduction treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature of hot water is set to be 40-100 ℃, the soaking time is 30 seconds-10 minutes, the sea component PVA in the sea-island fiber can be completely dissolved, and the peach skin fabric can be prepared through the working procedures of drying, softening, brushing, shearing, calendaring, tentering, shaping, preshrinking and the like. The modified polyvinyl alcohol is used as a water-soluble sea phase component of the sea-island fiber, and the PVA sea phase is dissolved by hot water, so that the problems of organic solvent pollution, hydrolysis product recycling and waste alkali liquor treatment and the like are solved. The problem of pollution caused by the fact that the traditional PVA slices are processed by organic solvents to prepare composite fibers is solved, the purpose of composite melt spinning with island phase resin is achieved, production continuity is enhanced, and labor intensity is reduced. The biodegradable PVA and the environment-friendly modifier are used as raw materials, the composite superfine fiber is prepared by adopting a melting processing method, high-temperature and high-pressure working procedures and equipment are not needed in the production process, the three wastes (waste water, waste gas and waste residue) emission is avoided, the environment is not influenced, and the requirement of clean production is met.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples;
example 1:
the embodiment of the invention relates to a method for preparing a peach skin fabric base fabric by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, wherein the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers are woven or knitted into a peach skin texture structure, and the preparation of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers comprises the following steps:
preparation of water-soluble PVA master batch
(1) Adding polyvinyl alcohol into a vacuum feeding machine according to the corresponding weight proportion, and starting the vacuum feeding machine; injecting alcohol amine, polyethylene glycol, aniline antioxidant, calcium stearate and deionized water into a vacuum feeding machine in sequence according to the proportion;
(2) starting a heating valve of the vacuum feeding machine, heating to 75 ℃, and mixing for 80 minutes by a vertical conical ribbon mixer;
(3) after mixing, feeding the mixture into a screw extruder for extrusion granulation, wherein the temperature of a first zone of the screw extruder is 80 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 105 ℃; the temperature of a three area is 130 ℃; the temperature of the four areas is 155 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 180 ℃, and continuous strand silk is obtained;
(4) the extruded strand wires are subjected to air cooling and then are cut into particles to obtain granular water-soluble PVA master batches;
(II) preparation of sea-island fiber
(5) Respectively carrying out melt extrusion on the PET raw material serving as the island component and the water-soluble PVA master batch serving as the sea component through a screw extruder; in the embodiment, a PVA master batch with the mark of 0899/B is selected, PET slices are pre-crystallized, the crystallization temperature is 125 ℃, and the time is 30 min. And (3) after crystallization, putting the crystal into a drying tower, wherein the drying temperature is 105 ℃, the drying time is 8 hours, the drying temperature of PVA0899/B is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 6 hours. PET enters the screw A, and the partition temperature is 230 ℃ in the first area, 250 ℃ in the second area, 260 ℃ in the third area, 270 ℃ in the fourth area and 280 ℃ in the fifth area. PVA0899/B enters a screw B, and the temperature of the zones is 105 ℃ in the first zone, 125 ℃ in the second zone, 140 ℃ in the third zone, 155 ℃ in the fourth zone and 165 ℃ in the fifth zone. The extrusion proportion of the screw A is 60 percent, and the extrusion proportion of the screw B is 40 percent.
(6) Respectively feeding the two extruded and melted raw material melts into a melt pipeline for heating; the heating temperature of the two is set to
When two raw material melts are respectively contacted with a distribution pipeline of a composite assembly in a spinning manifold, islands and sea are ensured to be formed, and the water-soluble PVA is not subjected to thermal decomposition to be standard; in this example, the melt pipe temperature of the PET raw material was set to 295 ℃, the melt pipe temperature of the PVA raw material was set to 145 ℃, and the heat conduction temperature difference between the island component and the sea component was set to 30 ℃; because the melting point of PET is 260 ℃, heat transfer inevitably occurs between PET and PVA at the moment when two raw material melts are contacted, PET transfers the temperature of 30 ℃ to PVA, and PVA is instantly heated to 180 ℃ from 145 ℃ so as to instantly melt to reach the spinning condition. Compared with the traditional PVA, the modified water-soluble PVA can be melted at 180 ℃ due to the reduction of the melting point, so that the melting point of the PVA can be ensured to be capable of melting and compounding spinning with PET with a high melting point, the melting point of the PVA is 210 ℃ higher than the conventional decomposition temperature, the PVA cannot be decomposed when reaching the melting point, and the problem that the traditional PVA cannot be melted and compounded spinning due to the decomposition of PET with high temperature is solved.
(7) Respectively feeding the two raw material melts into a spinning manifold, extruding after accurately metering by a metering pump, distributing into a composite component in the spinning manifold, uniformly distributing the island component into the sea component through a distribution pipeline in the composite component, and spraying out from the same spinneret orifice to carry out composite spinning to obtain the sea-island type nascent fiber taking PET as the island component and PVA as the sea component; in this example, the island component volume percentage range accurately measured by the metering pump in the spinning manifold was 60%, and the sea component volume percentage range was 40%. The spinning pressure is 10 MPa.
(8) And stretching and post-finishing the prepared sea-island nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber filament. The filament is immersed in hot water to dissolve the sea phase component PVA in the sea-island fiber, and then the cluster-shaped island phase component superfine fiber accounting for 60 percent of the volume percentage can be obtained. In the embodiment, the hot water temperature is set to 98 ℃, and the soaking time is 1 minute, so that the sea component PVA in the sea-island fiber can be completely dissolved;
(III) post-finishing of sea-island fibers
(9) And after the obtained sea-island fiber is subjected to the working procedures of cooling, drafting, oiling, drying, networking and the like, winding to obtain a final sea-island fiber finished product.
The water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fiber of the embodiment is prepared by taking PET as an island phase component and PVA as a nascent fiber formed by a sea phase component, stretching and heat setting the nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber, wherein the island phase component of the nascent fiber accounts for 60% of the cross-sectional area of the fiber, the sea component accounts for 40% of the cross-sectional area of the fiber, the fineness of the sea-island fiber is 1.5-15 dtex, the breaking strength is 2.0-6.2 cN/dtex, the breaking elongation is 7-10%, the single fiber fineness of the island component is below 0.8dtex, the PVA is a water-soluble PVA master batch, and the water-soluble PVA master batch is prepared by fusing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of polyvinyl alcohol; 15 parts of polyol or salt compound modifier; 3 parts of an antioxidant; 3 parts of a lubricant; 25 parts of deionized water; wherein the modifier of the polyalcohol or salt compound is alcohol amine or polyethylene glycol, the antioxidant is aniline antioxidant, and the lubricant is calcium stearate. The addition of an antioxidant aims to alleviate the problems of thermal degradation and yellowing of PVA, and the addition of a lubricant aims to improve the problems of poor flow and formability of PVA.
The fusion method comprises the steps of dissolving a polyol or salt compound modifier in deionized water, uniformly mixing the polyol or salt compound modifier with an antioxidant, a lubricant and polyvinyl alcohol, and drying to obtain modified PVA slices, wherein the melting point of the PVA slices is 180 ℃; the melting range is 175-195 ℃, and the thermal decomposition temperature is 210 ℃.
According to the invention, a better modified PVA system is preferably selected by adding the influence of the salt compound modifier A and the polyol modifier B on the melting point, the thermal decomposition temperature, the shearing rheological property, the spinnability and the like of four kinds of PVA (PVA 1799, PVA1099, PVA0899 and PVA 0599) with different polymerization degrees, so that the melt-processable water-soluble PVA resin slice is prepared, and the stable melt spinning of the water-soluble PVA resin slice is preliminarily realized.
PVA raw material preparation equipment:
the preparation of the modified PVA starting material is a solid-liquid mixing process. A horizontal ribbon mixer or a vertical conical ribbon mixer or the like can be used. In combination with earlier experimental practices and considering the difficulty and easiness in discharging mixed materials, the invention adopts a better vertical conical ribbon mixer and is provided with a necessary fog type liquid spraying device, a heating device and a vacuum feeding machine. The spiral ribbon of this equipment is in mixing process with the material constantly up promotion from the bottom, thereby the material intensive mixing is ensured on the material that fog formula hydrojet device can spray liquid in mixing evenly, heating device can promote PVA to the infiltration of modifier, absorb, improves the modification effect. The device parameters that may be selected are as follows:
technical parameters of RDS series vertical conical ribbon mixer
Model number m3RDS-6 RDS-8
Total volume, m36 8
Working volume, m33.6 4.8
Power, KW 22-3030-37
Modified PVA raw materials conveying equipment:
and material conveying equipment is configured on the slicing production line. The powder PVA is conveyed to the spiral belt mixer by the vacuum feeding machine, and the mixed PVA modified material is conveyed to the hopper of the single-screw machine by the spiral feeding machine, so that the production continuity is enhanced, and the manual labor intensity is reduced.
Modified PVA melt extrusion processing equipment:
mixing PVA and modifier, and pelletizing in a single screw extruder. The single screw extruder is mainly used for extruding thermoplastic plastics, consists of a transmission mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a machine barrel, a screw, a machine head, a mouth mold and the like, has the characteristics of simple structure and low price, has small shearing degradation to polymers, and is relatively simple in operation and process control. And (5) water-cooling and pelletizing the extruded strand.
Depending on the design throughput and the characteristics of the modified PVA, namely: the PVA film has certain water absorption or water solubility, melt particles are easy to adhere, a single screw extruder with the screw diameter of 120mm and the length-diameter ratio L/D of 20 and a water-cooling stretch rod are adopted for pelletizing to prepare PVA slices, and a gantry type pelletizer is selected as the pelletizer. The following table shows the main technical parameters of the single-screw extruder:
model XJWP-120
Screw diameter (mm) phi 120
Screw long diameter (L/D) 20:1
Screw maximum speed (r/min) 45
Motor Power (kw) 110
Maximum production energy (kg/h) 700
(IV) post-finishing of sea-island fibers
(10) Peach skin fabric weaving and weight reduction treatment
The peach skin fabric is woven by adopting a tatting technology, and the weight reduction treatment comprises the following steps: the temperature of hot water is set to be 40 ℃, the soaking time is 10 minutes, the sea component PVA in the sea-island fiber can be completely dissolved, and the peach skin fabric can be prepared through the working procedures of drying, softening, brushing, shearing, calendering, tentering, shaping, preshrinking and the like.
Example 2:
the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not described again, but the differences are as follows: a method for preparing a peach skin fabric base fabric by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, wherein the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers are woven or knitted into a peach skin texture structure, and the preparation of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers comprises the following steps:
preparation of water-soluble PVA master batch
(1) Adding polyvinyl alcohol into a vacuum feeding machine according to the corresponding weight proportion, and starting the vacuum feeding machine; sequentially injecting acetate or phosphate, beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), fatty acid compound ester with functional groups and deionized water into a vacuum feeding machine according to the mixture ratio;
(2) starting a heating valve of the vacuum feeding machine, heating to 80 ℃, and mixing for 85 minutes by a vertical conical ribbon mixer;
(3) after mixing, the mixture enters a screw extruder for extrusion granulation, and the temperature of a first area of the screw extruder is 87 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 112 ℃; the temperature of three areas is 140 ℃; the temperature of the fourth zone is 165 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 190 ℃, and continuous strand silk is obtained;
(4) the extruded strand wires are subjected to air cooling and then are cut into particles to obtain granular water-soluble PVA master batches;
(II) preparation of sea-island fiber
(5) Respectively carrying out melt extrusion on the PET raw material serving as the island component and the water-soluble PVA master batch serving as the sea component through a screw extruder; in the embodiment, a PVA master batch with the mark of 0899/B is selected, PET slices are pre-crystallized, the crystallization temperature is 127 ℃, and the time is 30 min. And (3) after crystallization, putting the crystal into a drying tower, wherein the drying temperature is 110 ℃, the drying time is 7 hours, the drying temperature of PVA0899/B is 108 ℃, and the drying time is 5 hours. PET enters the screw A, and the zone temperature is 233 ℃ in the first zone, 252 ℃ in the second zone, 263 ℃ in the third zone, 272 ℃ in the fourth zone and 283 ℃ in the fifth zone. PVA0899/B enters a screw B, and the temperature of the first zone is 108 ℃, the temperature of the second zone is 128 ℃, the temperature of the third zone is 143 ℃, the temperature of the fourth zone is 158 ℃ and the temperature of the fifth zone is 167 ℃. The extruding proportion of the screw A is 65 percent, and the extruding proportion of the screw B is 35 percent.
(6) Respectively feeding the two extruded and melted raw material melts into a melt pipeline for heating; the heating temperature of the two is set to
When the two raw material melts are respectively contacted with the distribution pipeline of the composite assembly in the spinning manifold, the island and the sea are ensured to be formed, and the water-soluble PVA is not subjected to thermal decomposition to be standard. In this example, the melt pipe temperature of the PET raw material was set to 292 ℃, the melt pipe temperature of the PVA raw material was set to 153 ℃, and the heat conduction temperature difference between the island component and the sea component was set to 32 ℃; because the melting point of PET is 260 ℃, heat transfer inevitably occurs between PET and PVA at the moment when two raw material melts are contacted, PET transfers the temperature of 32 ℃ to PVA, and PVA is instantly heated from 153 ℃ to 185 ℃ and is instantly melted to achieve the spinning condition. Compared with the traditional PVA, the modified water-soluble PVA can be melted at 185 ℃ due to the fact that the melting point is reduced, so that the PVA sea component can be ensured to be melted and compounded with PET with a high melting point, the melting point of the PVA is 215 ℃ higher than the conventional decomposition temperature, the PVA cannot be decomposed when the melting point is reached, and the problem that the traditional PVA cannot be melted and compounded with the PET with high temperature and is decomposed is solved.
(7) Respectively feeding the two raw material melts into a spinning manifold, extruding after accurately metering by a metering pump, distributing into a composite component in the spinning manifold, uniformly distributing the island component into the sea component through a distribution pipeline in the composite component, and spraying out from the same spinneret orifice to carry out composite spinning to obtain the sea-island type nascent fiber taking PET as the island component and PVA as the sea component; in this example, the island component volume percentage range accurately measured by the metering pump in the spinning manifold was 65%, and the sea component volume percentage range was 35%. The spinning pressure is 12 MPa.
(8) And stretching and post-finishing the prepared sea-island nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber filament. The filament is immersed in hot water to dissolve the sea phase component PVA in the sea-island fiber, and then the cluster-shaped island phase component superfine fiber accounting for 65 percent of the volume percentage can be obtained. In this embodiment, the temperature of the hot water is set to 99 ℃, and the soaking time is 45 seconds, so that the sea component PVA in the sea-island fiber can be completely dissolved.
(III) post-finishing of sea-island fibers
(9) And after the obtained sea-island fiber is cooled, dried, stretched, networked, oiled and the like, winding to obtain the final sea-island fiber finished product.
The polyester peach skin fabric is prepared by carrying out reduction treatment on the polyester peach skin tissue structure and carrying out the working procedures of drying, softening, brushing, shearing, calendering, tentering, shaping, preshrinking and the like, wherein the reduction treatment comprises the following steps: the hot water temperature is set to be 100 ℃, the soaking time is 30 seconds, and the sea component PVA in the sea-island fiber is completely dissolved, so that the cluster island phase component superfine fiber peach skin fabric can be obtained.
The water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fiber of the embodiment is prepared by taking PET as an island phase component and PVA as a nascent fiber formed by a sea phase component, stretching and heat setting the nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber, wherein the island phase component of the nascent fiber accounts for 65% of the cross-sectional area of the fiber, the sea component accounts for 35% of the cross-sectional area of the fiber, the fineness of the sea-island fiber is 1.5-15 dtex, the breaking strength is 2.0-6.2 cN/dtex, the breaking elongation is 7-10%, the single fiber fineness of the island component is below 0.8dtex, the PVA is a water-soluble PVA master batch, and the water-soluble PVA master batch is prepared by fusing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of polyvinyl alcohol; 20 parts of polyol or salt compound modifier; 5 parts of an antioxidant; 5 parts of a lubricant; 30 parts of deionized water. Wherein the modifier of the polyalcohol or salt compound is acetate or phosphate, the antioxidant is beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), and the lubricant is polyfunctional fatty acid composite ester. The addition of an antioxidant aims to alleviate the problems of thermal degradation and yellowing of PVA, and the addition of a lubricant aims to improve the problems of poor flow and formability of PVA.
The fusion method is that firstly, a polyol or salt compound modifier is dissolved in deionized water, then, the mixture is uniformly mixed with an antioxidant, a lubricant and polyvinyl alcohol, and a modified PVA slice is obtained after drying, wherein the melting point of the PVA slice is 185 ℃; the melting range is 175-195 ℃, and the thermal decomposition temperature is 215 ℃.
Example 3:
the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiments 1 and 2 are not described again, but the differences are as follows: a method for preparing a peach skin fabric base fabric by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers, wherein the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers are woven or knitted into a peach skin texture structure, and the preparation of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers comprises the following steps:
preparation of water-soluble PVA master batch
(1) Adding polyvinyl alcohol into a vacuum feeding machine according to the corresponding weight proportion, and starting the vacuum feeding machine; sequentially injecting polyethylene glycol, acetate, beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl), calcium stearate and deionized water into a vacuum feeding machine according to the mixture ratio;
(2) starting a heating valve of the vacuum feeding machine, heating to 85 ℃, and mixing for 90 minutes by a vertical conical ribbon mixer;
(3) after mixing, feeding the mixture into a screw extruder for extrusion granulation, wherein the temperature of a first zone of the screw extruder is 95 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 120 ℃; the temperature of three areas is 150 ℃; the temperature of the four areas is 175 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 200 ℃, and continuous strand silk is obtained;
(4) the extruded strand wires are subjected to air cooling and then are cut into particles to obtain granular water-soluble PVA master batches;
(II) preparation of sea-island fiber
(5) Respectively carrying out melt extrusion on the PET raw material serving as the island component and the water-soluble PVA master batch serving as the sea component through a screw extruder; in this example, a0899/B PVA master batch was selected, and PET chips were precrystallized at a crystallization temperature of 130 ℃ for 30 min. After crystallization, the mixture enters a drying tower, and the drying temperature is 115 ℃ and the drying time is 6 hours. PVA0899/B was dried at 110 ℃ for 4 hours. PET enters a screw A, and the zone temperature is 235 ℃ in a first zone, 255 ℃ in a second zone, 265 ℃ in a third zone, 275 ℃ in a fourth zone and 285 ℃ in a fifth zone. PVA0899/B enters a screw B, and the temperature of the zones is 110 ℃ in the first zone, 130 ℃ in the second zone, 145 ℃ in the third zone, 160 ℃ in the fourth zone and 170 ℃ in the fifth zone. The extruding proportion of the screw A is 65 percent, and the extruding proportion of the screw B is 35 percent.
(6) Respectively feeding the two extruded and melted raw material melts into a melt pipeline for heating; the heating temperature of the two is set to
When the two raw material melts are respectively contacted with the distribution pipeline of the composite assembly in the spinning manifold, the island and the sea are ensured to be formed, and the water-soluble PVA is not subjected to thermal decomposition to be standard. In this example, the melt pipe temperature of the PET raw material was set to 290 ℃, the melt pipe temperature of the PVA raw material was set to 160 ℃, and the heat transfer temperature difference between the island component and the sea component was set to 30 ℃; because the melting point of PET is 260 ℃, heat transfer inevitably occurs between PET and PVA at the moment when two raw material melts are contacted, PET transfers the temperature of 30 ℃ to PVA, and PVA is instantly heated from 160 ℃ to 190 ℃, so that the PVA is instantly melted to reach the spinning condition. Compared with the traditional PVA, the modified water-soluble PVA can be melted at 190 ℃ due to the reduced melting point, so that the melting point of the PVA can be ensured to be capable of melting and compounding spinning with PET with a high melting point, the melting point of the PVA is higher than the conventional decomposition temperature of 220 ℃, the PVA cannot be decomposed when reaching the melting point, and the problem that the traditional PVA can not be subjected to melting and compounding spinning due to the decomposition of PET with high temperature is solved.
(7) Respectively feeding the two raw material melts into a spinning manifold, extruding after accurately metering by a metering pump, distributing into a composite component in the spinning manifold, uniformly distributing the island component into the sea component through a distribution pipeline in the composite component, and spraying out from the same spinneret orifice to carry out composite spinning to obtain the sea-island type nascent fiber taking PET as the island component and PVA as the sea component; in this example, the island component volume percentage range accurately measured by the metering pump in the spinning manifold was 70%, and the sea component volume percentage range was 30%. The spinning pressure is 15 MPa.
(8) And stretching and post-finishing the prepared sea-island nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber filament. The filament is immersed in hot water to dissolve the sea phase component PVA in the sea-island fiber, and then the cluster-shaped island phase component superfine fiber accounting for 70 percent of the volume percentage can be obtained. In this embodiment, the temperature of the hot water is set to 100 ℃, and the soaking time is 30 seconds, so that the sea component PVA in the sea-island fiber can be completely dissolved.
(III) post-finishing of sea-island fibers
(9) And after the obtained sea-island fiber is cooled, dried, stretched, networked, oiled and the like, winding to obtain the final sea-island fiber finished product.
The water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fiber of the embodiment is prepared by taking PET as an island phase component and PVA as a nascent fiber formed by a sea phase component, stretching and heat setting the nascent fiber to obtain the sea-island fiber, wherein the island phase component of the nascent fiber accounts for 70% of the cross-sectional area of the fiber, the sea component accounts for 30% of the cross-sectional area of the fiber, the fineness of the sea-island fiber is 1.5-15 dtex, the breaking strength is 2.0-6.2 cN/dtex, the breaking elongation is 7-10%, the single fiber fineness of the island component is less than 0.8dtex, the PVA is a water-soluble PVA master batch, and the water-soluble PVA master batch is prepared by fusing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of polyvinyl alcohol; 25 parts of polyol or salt compound modifier; 7 parts of an antioxidant; 7 parts of a lubricant; 35 parts of deionized water;
wherein the modifier of the polyalcohol or salt compound is polyethylene glycol or acetate, the antioxidant is beta- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl), and the lubricant is calcium stearate. The addition of an antioxidant aims to alleviate the problems of thermal degradation and yellowing of PVA, and the addition of a lubricant aims to improve the problems of poor flow and formability of PVA.
The fusion method comprises the steps of dissolving a polyol or salt compound modifier in deionized water, uniformly mixing the polyol or salt compound modifier with an antioxidant, a lubricant and polyvinyl alcohol, and drying to obtain modified PVA slices, wherein the melting point of the PVA slices is 190 ℃; the melting range is 175-195 ℃ and the thermal decomposition temperature is 220 ℃.
Peach skin fabric weaving and weight reduction treatment
The peach skin fabric is woven by adopting a knitting technology, and the weight reduction treatment comprises the following steps: the hot water temperature is set to be 70 ℃, the soaking time is 6 minutes, the sea component PVA in the sea-island fiber can be completely dissolved, and the peach skin fabric can be prepared through the working procedures of drying, softening, brushing, shearing, calendering, tentering, shaping, preshrinking and the like.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing peach skin fabric base cloth by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps: the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fiber is woven into a polyester peach skin texture structure through tatting or knitting, the polyester peach skin texture structure is subjected to decrement treatment, and the polyester peach skin fabric is prepared through the procedures of drying, softening, brushing, shearing, calendering, tentering, shaping and preshrinking, wherein the decrement treatment comprises the following steps: the hot water temperature is set to be 40-100 ℃, the soaking time is 30 seconds-10 minutes, and the sea component PVA in the sea-island fiber is completely dissolved, so that the cluster island phase component superfine fiber peach skin fabric can be obtained; the preparation method of the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fiber comprises the following steps:
preparation of water-soluble PVA master batch
(1) Adding polyvinyl alcohol into a vacuum feeding machine according to the corresponding weight proportion, and starting the vacuum feeding machine; sequentially injecting a polyol or salt compound modifier, an antioxidant, a lubricant and deionized water into a vacuum feeding machine according to the proportion; the water-soluble PVA master batch is formed by fusing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50-70 parts of polyvinyl alcohol;
15-25 parts of polyol or salt compound modifier;
3-7 parts of an antioxidant;
3-7 parts of a lubricant;
25-35 parts of deionized water;
the fusion method comprises the steps of dissolving a polyol or salt compound modifier in deionized water, uniformly mixing the dissolved polyol or salt compound modifier with an antioxidant, a lubricant and polyvinyl alcohol, and drying to obtain a modified PVA slice, wherein the melting point of the PVA slice is 180-190 ℃, the melting range is 175-;
(2) starting a heating valve of the vacuum feeding machine, heating to 75-85 ℃, and mixing for 80-90 minutes by a vertical conical ribbon mixer;
(3) after mixing, feeding the mixture into a screw extruder for extrusion granulation, wherein the temperature of a first area of the screw extruder is 80-95 ℃; the temperature of the second zone is 105-120 ℃; the temperature of a three area is 130-150 ℃; the temperature of the fourth area is 155-175 ℃; the temperature of the fifth zone is 180-200 ℃, and continuous strand silk is obtained;
(4) the extruded strand wires are subjected to air cooling and then are cut into particles to obtain granular water-soluble PVA master batches;
(II) preparation of sea-island fiber
(5) Respectively carrying out melt extrusion on a terylene raw material as an island component and a water-soluble PVA master batch as a sea component through a screw extruder;
(6) respectively sending the two extruded and melted raw material melts into a melt pipeline for heating, wherein the temperature of the melt pipeline of the polyester raw material is set to be 290-295 ℃, the temperature of the melt pipeline of the PVA raw material is set to be 145-160 ℃, and the heat conduction temperature difference of the two raw material melts is set to be 30-32 ℃;
(7) respectively feeding the two raw material melts into a spinning manifold, extruding after accurately metering by a metering pump, distributing into a composite component in the spinning manifold, uniformly distributing the island component into the sea component through a distribution pipeline in the composite component, and spraying out from the same spinneret orifice to carry out composite spinning to obtain the sea-island type nascent fiber taking PET as the island component and PVA as the sea component;
(8) stretching and post-finishing the prepared island-in-sea nascent fiber to obtain an island-in-sea fiber filament, wherein the island phase component of each single fiber of the island-in-sea fiber filament accounts for 60-70% of the sectional area of the fiber, and the sea component accounts for 40-30% of the sectional area of the fiber;
(III) post-finishing of sea-island fibers
(9) Cooling, drying, drafting, networking and oiling the obtained sea-island fiber, and winding to obtain a final sea-island fiber finished product;
the modifier of the polyalcohol or the salt compound is one or more of alcohol amine, polyethylene glycol, acetate or phosphate.
2. The method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fiber as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the temperature of the hot water is set to be 98-100 ℃, and the soaking time is 30 seconds-3 minutes.
3. The method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fibers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble PVA master batch is prepared by fusing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60 parts of polyvinyl alcohol;
20 parts of polyol or salt compound modifier;
5 parts of an antioxidant;
5 parts of a lubricant;
30 parts of deionized water.
4. The method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fiber as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the antioxidant is aniline antioxidant or hindered phenol antioxidant.
5. The method for preparing the peach skin fabric base cloth by using the water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol sea-island fiber as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the lubricant is calcium stearate or polyfunctional fatty acid compound ester.
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| CN113480751B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-08-09 | 江南大学 | Spinnable polyvinyl alcohol master batch for sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115142173A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-10-04 | 南通帝人有限公司 | Sea-island fiber elastic fabric |
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