CN108495621A - 稳定适口的维生素c和锌含片组合物 - Google Patents
稳定适口的维生素c和锌含片组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108495621A CN108495621A CN201680079076.5A CN201680079076A CN108495621A CN 108495621 A CN108495621 A CN 108495621A CN 201680079076 A CN201680079076 A CN 201680079076A CN 108495621 A CN108495621 A CN 108495621A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- vitamin
- lozenge
- zinc
- sodium ascorbate
- tablet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 277
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000007916 tablet composition Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 claims description 56
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 claims description 54
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 54
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011746 zinc citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229940068475 zinc citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000006076 zinc citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006189 buccal tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940046011 buccal tablet Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
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- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WHMDKBIGKVEYHS-IYEMJOQQSA-L Zinc gluconate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O WHMDKBIGKVEYHS-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 239000011670 zinc gluconate Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 9
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 8
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 6
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- 235000019606 astringent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007910 chewable tablet Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229940047036 calcium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000010376 calcium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011692 calcium ascorbate Substances 0.000 description 4
- BLORRZQTHNGFTI-ZZMNMWMASA-L calcium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] BLORRZQTHNGFTI-ZZMNMWMASA-L 0.000 description 4
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- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含维生素C和锌的适口的含片,其中维生素C以高浓度存在,并且不易氧化和形成二氧化碳。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及包含维生素C和锌的适口的含片,其中维生素C以高浓度存在,并且不易氧化和形成二氧化碳。
背景技术
锌是最重要的矿质营养素之一。全球三分之一的人口被认为缺锌。缺锌与免疫功能受损有关。
维生素C是最广泛使用的免疫维生素。维生素C和锌结合形成一种制剂,以使其免疫功效互补。然而,将维生素C和锌结合是困难的,因为维生素C特别容易氧化,并且多价金属如锌增强了这种氧化。水分促进了这种氧化,导致斑点、发黑和二氧化碳的形成。
斑点/发黑是维生素C固体剂型的已知问题,但同样重要但不太受重视的问题是二氧化碳的形成,其导致普通单剂量包装如泡罩和铝箔膨胀。在多个单元包装在瓶子中的情况下,气体压力最终破坏保护衬里的密封,使来自外界的水分能够进入瓶子,从而导致更多的降解。
维生素C和锌的固体剂型包括胶囊、包衣片、泡腾片和含片。由于泡腾片的钠含量较高,所以含片更适合吞咽困难的儿童和老年人服用。然而,维生素C和锌含片很难做到适口。此外,由于含片不能被包衣,所以它们必须非常稳定,因为任何轻微的斑点/发黑是很明显的,使消费者无法接受。通过包衣来隐藏吞咽片剂的斑点/发黑相对容易,但是对于含片来说却是非常困难的,因为斑点/发黑即使对于有色片剂也是显而易见的。
含片可指模压含片,其为硬糖,或指压缩含片,其基本上以与压缩药物片剂相同的方式生产。模压含片更难制造,需要高达100℃以上的高制造温度,这可能导致维生素C的显著降解。因此,本发明限于压缩含片,我们将在下文中称为含片,其包括口分散片剂和咀嚼片剂。
维生素C和锌在稳定片剂中结合的困难在现有技术中是已知的。辛格拉和纳格拉斯(《药物开发与工业药学》第14卷,第10期,第1471-1479页,1988年)示出了显著的锌催化的维生素C氧化。作者表示,通过用乙基纤维素微胶囊化(凝聚相分离)维生素C,或者通过熔融造粒将维生素C包埋在硬脂酸或聚乙二醇基质中,可以减少/消除由于锌引起的这种降解。熔融造粒或微胶囊化可导致溶解失败,并且通常是复杂且昂贵的制造工艺,更适合于稳定昂贵的活性成分。
US 2014/0220151A1公开了维生素C与至少一种多价金属如锌的稳定制剂,其中片剂基本上不含流动结合水。流动结合水是指水合水,“基本上不含”的意思是小于组合物的0.3%w/w。US 2014/0220151A1应用于善存多维元素片(纽约州辉瑞/惠氏)。善存是一种包衣片剂,包含60mg维生素C、15mg锌、其他维生素和多价金属,其中维生素C小于片剂重量的5%。善存片使用氧化锌作为锌源。氧化锌不易被吸收,但根据US 2014/0220151A1推断,使用氧化锌的主要原因是为了减少流动结合水。除氧化锌之外的大多数锌盐都是吸湿的,在市场上以其稳定水合物的形式售卖。
上述现有技术参考文献显示,在锌的存在下稳定维生素C是多么困难。这些参考文献是关于可以包衣的吞咽片剂,所以适口性不是问题。在含片中,不仅产品必须非常稳定,因为不能利用包衣来掩盖斑点/发黑,而且片剂也必须适口。
根据US 6,316,008B1的教导,当维生素C与锌在含片中结合时,锌的臭味可持续24小时以上,通常比单独使用锌强几个数量级。US 6,316,008B1公开了通过将锌与单羧酸氨基酸组合可以改善适口性,其中维生素C是抗坏血酸镁或抗坏血酸酯。US 6,316,008B1的实施例是模压含片,其中维生素C和锌在104℃加入熔化的硬糖基质中。US 6,316,008B1没有公开生产过程中有多少维生素C被降解,也没有公开这种残留维生素C随时间的稳定性。
市售维生素C和锌含片通常是大片剂,其中片剂重量为1.5g至4g。这些片剂之所以大是因为添加了大量单糖甜味剂葡萄糖和果糖以及调味剂来稀释维生素C和锌,以改善适口性。如果不小心吞下这些大片剂,会有窒息的危险。
本发明涉及包含维生素C和锌的适口的含片,其中维生素C以高浓度存在,并且不易氧化和形成二氧化碳。本发明的组合物可以包含比US 2014/0220151A1教导的生产稳定片剂所需的限值明显更多的流动结合水。
发明内容
我们惊奇地发现,含有高浓度维生素C的稳定适口的维生素C和锌含片可以通过使用锌的柠檬酸盐或苹果酸盐、抗坏血酸钠或抗坏血酸和抗坏血酸钠的混合物(其中约65%至100%的维生素C来自抗坏血酸钠)以及甜味剂来制备;其中维生素C和锌没有微胶囊化、包衣或熔融造粒,并且其中制剂基本上不含单糖、有机酸和单羧酸氨基酸。本发明的组合物即使在流动结合水含量非常高的情况下也是稳定的。
附图说明
图1是表示锌盐为柠檬酸锌(实施例1)和氧化锌(实施例2)时,作为抗坏血酸钠中维生素C的百分比的函数的斑点/变色程度的曲线图。
图2是表示锌盐为柠檬酸锌(实施例1)和氧化锌(实施例2)时,作为抗坏血酸钠中维生素C百分比的函数的膨胀程度的曲线图。
具体实施方式
维生素C是抗坏血酸钠或抗坏血酸和抗坏血酸钠的混合物,其中至少约65%的维生素C来自抗坏血酸钠,更优选至少约70%,最优选至少约75%。在本发明中,维生素C没有微胶囊化、包衣或熔融造粒。
维生素C优选以至少约10%w/w,更优选至少约15%w/w,最优选至少约20%w/w的浓度存在。维生素C的量优选约50-250mg/片,更优选约75-200mg/片。抗坏血酸和抗坏血酸钠优选已经为颗粒形式以备压缩。这些可直接压缩的维生素C和抗坏血酸钠可以在市场上买到,包含约1-5%的粘合剂和通常低于0.15%w/w的含量非常低的水分。
用于本发明的锌化合物是柠檬酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸苹果酸盐混合盐及其组合。优选的锌盐是柠檬酸锌,优选市售的二水合物和三水合物形式。元素锌的量优选至少约3mg/片,更优选至少约5mg/片,最优选至少约10mg/片。在本发明中,锌没有微胶囊化、包衣或熔融造粒。
本发明的组合物基本上不含任何单糖、有机酸和单羧酸氨基酸。单糖包括但不限于葡萄糖、半乳糖和果糖。有机酸包括但不限于酒石酸、柠檬酸和苹果酸。单羧酸氨基酸包括US 6,316,008B1中公开的所有氨基酸。术语“基本上不含”应理解为单糖、有机酸或单羧酸氨基酸不存在或含量低,本发明的药物组合物仍然适口且不易氧化和形成二氧化碳。
本发明的甜味剂包括但不限于双糖如蔗糖和乳糖;糖醇如山梨醇、木糖醇、甘露醇、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇和异麦芽酮糖醇。这些甜味剂优选与强力甜味剂如三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜和糖精组合。优选的甜味剂是蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖醇及其混合物,与三氯蔗糖结合。蔗糖、乳糖和麦芽糖醇优选以其市售的可直接压缩等级使用。甜味剂的量优选至少约40%w/w,更优选至少约50%w/w,最优选至少约60%w/w。
优选地,本发明的含片仅包含维生素C和锌。然而,本发明的组合物可任选地包含其它维生素和矿物质。维生素包括但不限于维生素E、硫胺素(维生素B1)、核黄素(维生素B2)、烟酸(维生素B3)、吡哆醇(维生素B6)、叶酸、钴胺素(维生素B12)、泛酸(维生素B5)、生物素、维生素A(和维生素A前体)、维生素D、维生素K、其他复合维生素B、复合维生素B相关化合物(如胆碱和肌醇)以及类胡萝卜素(如叶黄素、番茄红素、玉米黄质和虾青素)。矿物质包括但不限于铁、碘、镁、硒、铜、钙、锰、硅、钼、钒、硼、镍、锡磷、铬、钴、氯化物和钾。在不影响稳定性和适口性的情况下确定哪些维生素和矿物质可以掺入本发明的组合物在本领域普通技术人员的能力范围内。
药物组合物还可包括药学上可接受的赋形剂,如粘合剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、助流剂和润滑剂。这些赋形剂的总量必须保持低水平,以降低它们对含片适口性的影响。这些赋形剂的总量优选小于约20%w/w,更优选小于约15%w/w,最优选小于约10%w/w。
可使用的粘合剂包括树胶,如阿拉伯树胶、瓜尔胶、藻酸、海藻酸钠;淀粉、卡波姆、糊精、明胶、乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、共聚维酮、预胶化淀粉、聚甲基丙烯酸酯等。粘合剂可以以组合物重量的约1%至约10%的量存在。粘合剂可以以两种方式掺入组合物中,例如,粘合剂可以与活性成分和其它赋形剂混合,然后通过加入造粒溶剂(湿法制粒)将混合物加工成颗粒,或者活性成分、粘合剂和赋形剂的混合物可以在没有溶剂的情况下干混或辊压(干法制粒)。
崩解剂可以选自淀粉、交联聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠和羧基乙酸淀粉钠。
稀释剂可以选自纤维素衍生材料,例如粉状纤维素、微晶纤维素、微细纤维素等;淀粉、预胶化淀粉等;葡萄糖结合剂、糊精、无机稀释剂如碳酸钙、硫酸钙、磷酸氢钙及其水合物、磷酸三钙及其水合物、碳酸镁、氧化镁或一种或多种这种稀释剂的混合物。
可使用的助流剂包括滑石、二氧化硅胶体、三硅酸镁、粉状纤维素、淀粉和磷酸三钙。助流剂可以以组合物的0.5%至3%w/w的量存在。
可使用的润滑剂包括硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、单硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸棕榈酸甘油酯、氢化蓖麻油、氢化植物油、矿物油、聚乙二醇、硬脂富马酸钠、硬脂酸和硬脂酸锌。润滑剂可以以组合物的约0.25%至约3%w/w的量存在。
本发明的含片的重量优选小于约1,200mg,更优选小于约800mg,最优选小于约600mg。
实施例1
根据表1制备含有来自柠檬酸锌的10mg元素锌和来自抗坏血酸和抗坏血酸钠的不同组合的105mg维生素C的咀嚼含片,每一批量为5kg。
抗坏血酸C-97(艾兰得中国)是用3%淀粉粒化以直接压缩的维生素C。抗坏血酸钠SA-99(艾兰得中国)是用1%淀粉粒化以直接压缩的抗坏血酸钠。这两种维生素C颗粒的水分含量小于0.15%w/w。(德国巴斯夫)是一种可直接压缩的乳糖,由93%乳糖一水合物、3.5%聚维酮K30(粘合剂)和3.5%交联聚维酮(崩解剂)组成。
表1(mg/片)
压片用颗粒的制备工艺为:(1)将着色剂与交联聚维酮预混,并通过具有#30筛网的粉碎机;(2)将二氧化硅胶体与部分可压缩糖(多米诺特色配料,美国)预混,并通过所述粉碎机;(3)将三氯蔗糖与部分可压缩糖预混并通过所述粉碎机;(4)将剩余的可压缩糖通过所述粉碎机;(5)将柠檬酸锌与通过#20钢网;(6)将抗坏血酸和/或抗坏血酸钠、所有粉碎成分、过筛成分和橙味剂在搅拌器中搅拌30分钟;(7)将硬脂酸镁过#30钢网进行筛分,加入所述弓形搅拌器,再搅拌5分钟。在压片机中使用11mm圆形冲头将颗粒压缩到6-12kp的硬度。
将片剂单独包装到铝箔中,并在80℃加速稳定性试验条件下储存5天,之后评价样品:
(1)与未处置样品相比,使用0至10的数值范围表示斑点/变色程度,其中+10表示严重斑点/变色。
(2)使用0到5的数值范围表示铝箔膨胀,其中+5表示严重膨胀。膨胀程度用来衡量由于维生素C氧化而释放的二氧化碳。
图1和2显示了加速稳定性试验的结果。柠檬酸锌存在下的不稳定性最高值发生在抗坏血酸钠中的维生素C约为50%时。当至少约65%的维生素C来自抗坏血酸钠时,稳定性得到改善。这是令人惊讶的,因为根据现有技术的教导,抗坏血酸比抗坏血酸钠更稳定(希亚特等人,《农业与食品化学》杂志,2010年,第58卷期,第3532-3540页)。
实施例2
根据表2制备含有来自氧化锌的10mg元素锌和来自抗坏血酸和抗坏血酸钠的不同组合的105mg维生素C的咀嚼含片,每一批量为5kg。片剂的制备基本上与实施例1相同。
表2(mg/片)
图1和2显示了加速稳定性试验的结果。类似于柠檬酸锌存在时的情况,氧化锌存在下的不稳定性最高值发生在抗坏血酸钠中的维生素C约为50%时。总的来说,当使用柠檬酸锌代替氧化锌时,制剂更稳定。这是令人惊讶的,因为氧化锌是不能溶解的,其不溶性比柠檬酸锌高300倍,因此只能释放更少的锌离子来催化维生素C的氧化。
实施例3
根据表3制备含有105mg维生素C(80%来自抗坏血酸钠)和10mg来自不同锌盐的元素锌的咀嚼含片。片剂的制备基本上与实施例1相同。
表3(mg/片)
比较上述片剂的口感。硫酸锌、乙酸锌和抗坏血酸锌都是可溶锌盐,口感极差,在所有实际应用中,不能单独用于生产本发明的适口的含片。口感描述包括烧焦的塑料味道、干、涩、鱼腥味、恶臭和持续数小时的金属味道。
只有柠檬酸锌和氧化锌提供了适口的片剂,在实验4中进一步检查其口感。
实施例4
根据表4制备含有105mg维生素C(100%来自抗坏血酸钠)和5-10mg来自不同锌盐的元素锌的咀嚼含片。片剂的制备基本上与实施例1相同。
表4(mg/片)
由于根据实验1,在锌存在下的最佳稳定性是在至少约65%的维生素C来自抗坏血酸钠时实现的,因此抗坏血酸钠的咸味是一个需要解决的相关口感问题。
实施例4E包含10mg来自葡萄糖酸锌的元素锌。在现有技术中,葡萄糖酸锌被描述为具有温和、微弱的口感。但在抗坏血酸钠存在下,锌的涩味非常突出。这与US 6,316,008B1一致,根据US 6,316,008B1的教导,葡萄糖酸锌由于口感差而不能与抗坏血酸或抗坏血酸钠结合。在US 6,316,008B1中,当葡萄糖酸锌与单羧酸氨基酸如甘氨酸结合,维生素C选自抗坏血酸镁和抗坏血酸酯时,获得适口的硬糖。实施例4E与实施例4A的口感比较显示出相似的咸味,表明葡萄糖酸锌不会降低抗坏血酸钠的咸味。
实施例4D包含10mg来自氧化锌的元素锌。因为氧化锌是不能溶解的,所以锌的味道不明显,与现有技术中描述的氧化锌的中性味道一致。实施例4D与实施例4A的口感比较显示出相似的咸味,表明氧化锌不会降低抗坏血酸钠的咸味。
然而,当柠檬酸锌加入抗坏血酸钠时,我们惊奇地发现:(1)柠檬酸锌能降低/消除抗坏血酸钠的咸味;(2)锌的金属味道降低/消除。具体地说,实施例4B没有实施例4A咸,柠檬酸锌含量较高的实施例4C不咸,锌的味道不明显。这与US 6,316,008B1的教导相反,根据US 6,316,008B1的教导,锌盐,包括柠檬酸锌,由于口感差而不能与抗坏血酸钠结合。
不希望受理论束缚,我们认为抗坏血酸钠咸味的减少是由于从微溶柠檬酸锌的有限溶解中释放出了非常少量的柠檬酸根离子。因此,本发明的范围包括微溶柠檬酸盐、苹果酸盐和锌的柠檬酸苹果酸盐混合盐。
实施例5
现有技术试图通过添加有机酸如柠檬酸和苹果酸来解决包含抗坏血酸钠的维生素C咀嚼片剂的咸味。实施例5显示向本发明的组合物中加入有机酸导致维生素C的严重氧化。
根据表5制备含有100mg维生素C(100%来自抗坏血酸钠)和5mg来自柠檬酸锌的元素锌的咀嚼含片。片剂的制备基本上与实施例1相同。
表5(mg/片)
实施例5A、5B和5C显示有机酸的加入显著增强片剂的斑点/变色。无糖制剂实施例5D、5E和5F显示类似的结果。在本发明的组合物中不需要使用用来改善现有技术制剂适口性的有机酸,因为在没有有机酸的情况下口感已经很好。事实上,在本发明的组合物中加入有机酸会引起显著的维生素C氧化。因此,本发明的组合物基本上不含有机酸。在不使用现有技术的市售产品中广泛使用的有机酸的情况下,根据本发明配制出适口稳定的维生素C和锌含片是令人惊讶的。
实施例6
现有技术试图通过添加大量单糖葡萄糖和果糖来稀释锌并以极高的甜度掩盖锌的味道,从而提高包含锌的维生素C咀嚼片剂的适口性。这种方法生产出来的片剂很大,可能造成窒息。实施例6显示向本发明的组合物中加入单糖导致维生素C的严重氧化。
根据表6制备含有105mg维生素C(80%来自抗坏血酸钠)和10mg来自柠檬酸锌的元素锌的咀嚼含片。片剂的制备基本上与实施例1相同。
表6(mg/片)
根据现有技术,单糖的使用导致维生素C的显著氧化。因此,本发明的组合物基本上不含单糖。在不使用现有技术的市售产品中广泛使用的单糖的情况下,根据本发明配制出适口稳定的维生素C和锌含片是令人惊讶的。
实施例7
抗坏血酸钙已在现有技术中用作维生素C的来源。在本发明的组合物中,抗坏血酸钙不能用于替代抗坏血酸钠。
根据表7制备含有105mg维生素C和5mg来自柠檬酸锌的元素锌的咀嚼含片。片剂的制备基本上与实施例1相同。
表7(mg/片)
本发明的实施例7A包含80%来自抗坏血酸钠的维生素C。实施例7B包含80%来自抗坏血酸钙的维生素C。实施例7A口感好,而实施例7B稍苦,具有可察觉的锌涩味。实施例7C包含100%来自抗坏血酸钙的维生素C,并且具有与实施例7B相同的口感。
实施例8
制备含有105mg维生素C和5-10mg来自柠檬酸锌的元素锌的根据本发明实施例的咀嚼含片。使用11.5mm的平面斜边圆冲头将600mg原料压片,直至硬度为8-14kp。
表8(mg/片)
以上三种制剂均具有可接受的口感:不咸,没有锌涩味。
将样品单独包装在铝箔中,在25℃和相对湿度为65%下储存24个月,在40℃和相对湿度为75%下储存6个月。在这些储存条件下,样品没有出现任何斑点/变色,包装没有膨胀,口感与原始样品相似。此外,维生素C的测定没有变化,证实没有发生显著氧化。片剂中来自锌盐和乳糖的流动结合水量为1.6-1.9%w/w。考虑到US 2014/0220151A1的公开内容,这是令人惊讶的,根据US 2014/0220151A1的教导,在多价金属存在下,流动结合水应当小于0.3%,以稳定维生素C。注意,US 2014/0220151A1中的组合物包含少于10%w/w的维生素C,而本发明的上述实施例包含17.5-23.3%的维生素C,由于维生素C含量高,因此更难稳定。
实施例9
制备含有105mg维生素C(100%来自抗坏血酸钠)和5-10mg来自柠檬酸锌的元素锌的根据本发明实施例的无糖咀嚼含片。
表9(mg/片)
以上三种制剂均具有可接受的口感:不咸,没有锌涩味。
将样品单独包装在铝箔中,在25℃和相对湿度为65%下储存24个月,在40℃和相对湿度为75%下储存6个月。在这些储存条件下,样品没有出现任何斑点/变色,包装没有膨胀,口感与原始样品相似。此外,维生素C的测定没有变化,证实没有发生显著氧化。片剂中来自锌盐的流动结合水量为0.31-0.61%w/w。考虑到US 2014/0220151A1的公开内容,这是令人惊讶的,根据US 2014/0220151A1的教导,在多价金属存在下,流动结合水应当小于0.3%,以稳定维生素C。注意,US 2014/0220151A1中的组合物包含少于10%w/w的维生素C,而本发明的上述实施例包含17.5-23.3%的维生素C,由于维生素C含量高,因此更难稳定。
实施例10
制备含有105mg维生素C和5-10mg来自柠檬酸锌的元素锌的根据本发明实施例的无糖咀嚼含片。
表10(mg/片)
以上三种制剂均具有可接受的口感:不咸,没有锌涩味。
将样品单独包装在铝箔中,在25℃和相对湿度为65%下储存24个月,在40℃和相对湿度为75%下储存6个月。在这些储存条件下,样品没有出现任何斑点/变色,包装没有膨胀,口感与原始样品相似。此外,维生素C的测定没有变化,证实没有发生显著氧化。片剂中来自锌盐的流动结合水量为0.46-0.61%w/w。考虑到US 2014/0220151A1的公开内容,这是令人惊讶的,根据US 2014/0220151A1的教导,在多价金属存在下,流动结合水应当小于0.3%,以稳定维生素C。注意,US 2014/0220151A1中的组合物包含少于10%w/w的维生素C,而本发明的上述实施例包含17.5-23.3%的维生素C,由于维生素C含量高,因此更难稳定。
对比实施例1-10
以下具有代表性的商用维生素C和锌含片(表11)是从亚马逊美国/英国在线购买的。这些含片大部分较大、不稳定且不适口。将这些含片重新包装在铝箔中,并在80℃下储存3天,以评估稳定性。根据我们的经验,具有不超过+2的斑点/变色分数和不超过+1的膨胀分数的产品将在25℃和相对湿度为65%下保持稳定两年,在40℃和相对湿度为75%下保持稳定六个月,具有良好的物理外观、化学稳定性、零或几乎可忽略的二氧化碳形成概率和优异的包装完整性。
对比实施例1:然萃维(美国然萃维产品股份有限公司)含片大(>1,200mg),维生素C浓度低,口感差,稳定性极差(+10斑点/变色,+5膨胀)。稳定性和口感差是由于使用了100%抗坏血酸、葡萄糖酸锌和果糖。
对比实施例2:健康源美(美国源美股份有限公司)含片大(>2,200mg),维生素C浓度很低,口感差,稳定性极差(+10斑点/变色,+5膨胀)。稳定性和口感差是由于使用了抗坏血酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌和果糖。
对比实施例3:普丽普莱(美国普丽普莱)维生素C浓度低,口感一般,稳定性差(+7斑点/变色,+3膨胀)。稳定性和口感差是由于使用了100%抗坏血酸和葡萄糖酸锌。
对比实施例4:拉格比(美国拉格比实验室)含片大(>1,200mg),维生素C浓度很低,口感一般,稳定性极差(+10斑点/变色,+4膨胀)。稳定性差是由于使用了100%抗坏血酸、果糖、柠檬酸和苹果酸。
对比实施例5:诺奥(美国诺奥食品股份有限公司)含片大(>2,800mg),维生素C浓度低,口感差,稳定性差(+10斑点/变色,+3膨胀)。这种制剂包含抗坏血酸和抗坏血酸钠的组合,但是抗坏血酸钠中维生素C的百分比无法确定,因为钠含量没有公开。但是,由于维生素C浓度很低,这种制剂不在本发明的范围内,另外,稳定性和口感差是由于使用了葡萄糖酸锌和果糖。
对比实施例6:乡间生活(美国乡间生活有限责任公司)含片大(>1,200mg),维生素C浓度很低,口感差,稳定性极差(+10斑点/变色,+4膨胀)。稳定性和口感差是由于使用了非最佳含量的抗坏血酸钠(38%的维生素C来自抗坏血酸钠)、葡萄糖酸锌、果糖、葡萄糖和柠檬酸。
对比实施例7:布鲁邦尼特营养品(美国矢车菊营养品公司)含片大(>1,200mg),维生素C浓度很低,口感一般,稳定性差(+7斑点/变色,+3膨胀)。稳定性和口感差是由于使用了非最佳含量的抗坏血酸钠(54%的维生素C来自抗坏血酸钠)、葡萄糖酸锌和葡萄糖。
对比实施例8:益满喜(美国辉瑞公司)含片很大(2,870mg),口感一般,但稳定性极差(+10斑点/变色,+5膨胀)。稳定性差和口感一般是由于使用了非最佳含量的抗坏血酸钠(54%的维生素C来自抗坏血酸钠)、氧化锌和葡萄糖。
对比实施例9:佳思敏维生素溶片(英国医药保健(欧洲)有限责任公司)由于使用了非最佳含量的抗坏血酸钠(30%的维生素C来自抗坏血酸钠)和蜂蜜(包含葡萄糖和果糖),导致稳定性差(+6斑点/变色,+2膨胀)。
对比实施例10:力度伸儿童(拜耳,瑞士)由于使用100%抗坏血酸,稳定性极差(+10斑点/变色,+5膨胀)。
总之,基于现有技术的制剂大部分口感差、维生素C含量非常低并且较大,但更重要的是,几乎全部不稳定。
表11
表11续
Claims (25)
1.一种稳定适口的含片,包括:
(1)至少约10%w/w的维生素C;
(2)选自柠檬酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸苹果酸盐混合盐或其组合的锌盐;
(3)至少一种甜味剂;以及
(4)任选其它药学上可接受的赋形剂,基本上不含单糖、有机酸和单羧酸氨基酸;
其中,
(1)所述维生素C为抗坏血酸钠,或者抗坏血酸与抗坏血酸钠的混合物;
(2)所述抗坏血酸钠中的所述维生素C约占所述维生素C总量的65%-100%;以及
(3)所述维生素C和锌没有微胶囊化、包衣或熔融造粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含片,其中,所述维生素C为至少约15%w/w。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含片,其中,所述维生素C为至少约20%w/w。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含片,其中,所述抗坏血酸钠中的所述维生素C约占所述维生素C总量的75%-100%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含片,其中,所述维生素C为每片约50-250mg。
6.根据权利要求5所述的含片,其中,所述维生素C为每片约75-200mg。
7.根据权利要求1所述的含片,其中,所述锌为每片至少约3mg。
8.根据权利要求7所述的含片,其中,所述锌为每片至少约5mg。
9.根据权利要求1所述的含片,其中,所述甜味剂大于约40%w/w。
10.根据权利要求9所述的含片,其中,所述甜味剂大于约50%w/w。
11.根据权利要求10所述的含片,其中,所述甜味剂大于约60%w/w。
12.根据权利要求1所述的含片,其中,所述甜味剂是双糖、糖醇或其混合物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的含片,其中,所述双糖选自蔗糖和乳糖,所述糖醇为麦芽糖醇。
14.根据权利要求1所述的含片,还包含强力甜味剂。
15.根据权利要求14所述的含片,其中,所述强力甜味剂是三氯蔗糖。
16.根据权利要求1所述的含片,其中,所述含片重量小于约1200mg。
17.根据权利要求16所述的含片,其中,所述含片重量小于约800mg。
18.根据权利要求17所述的含片,其中,所述含片重量小于约600mg。
19.根据权利要求1所述的含片,其中,所述组合物基本上不含流动结合水。
20.根据权利要求19所述的含片,其中,所述组合物包含约0.3-3%w/w的流动结合水。
21.根据权利要求20所述的含片,其中,所述组合物包含约0.3-2%w/w的流动结合水。
22.一种稳定适口的含片,包括:
(1)20-25%w/w的维生素C;
(2)3-10mg的来自柠檬酸锌的锌;
(3)大于约55%w/w的蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖醇或其混合物;
(4)任选其它药学上可接受的赋形剂,基本上不含单糖、有机酸和单羧酸氨基酸;
其中,
(1)所述维生素C为抗坏血酸钠,或者抗坏血酸与抗坏血酸钠的混合物;
(2)所述抗坏血酸钠中的所述维生素C约占所述维生素C总量的75%-100%;
(3)所述维生素C和锌没有微胶囊化、包衣或熔融造粒;
(4)所述流动结合水约为0-2%w/w;以及
(5)所述含片重量小于约600mg。
23.根据权利要求22所述的含片,其中,所述流动结合水约为0.3-2%w/w。
24.根据权利要求22所述的含片,还包含强力甜味剂。
25.根据权利要求24所述的含片,其中,所述强力甜味剂是三氯蔗糖。
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PCT/PH2016/000001 WO2017123103A1 (en) | 2016-01-15 | 2016-01-15 | Stable and palatable composition of vitamin c and zinc lozenge tablets |
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KR (1) | KR20180101530A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN108495621A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2016386385B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112018013689A2 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1256968A1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ744260A (zh) |
PH (1) | PH12018501438A1 (zh) |
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Citations (3)
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US6316008B1 (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2001-11-13 | John C. Godfrey | Combination of zinc ions and vitamin C and method of making |
US20100190739A1 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-07-29 | Fleming And Company, Pharmaceuticals | Rapidly Dissolving Vitamin Formulation and Methods of Using the Same |
US20140220151A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2014-08-07 | Wyeth Llc | Stability in Vitamin and Mineral Supplements |
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FR2883182B1 (fr) * | 2005-03-16 | 2008-02-15 | Novartis Ag | Composition de vitamines utiles dans le traitement des maladies oculaires |
WO2006130027A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Santos Ma Joyce Bedelia B | Aqueous oral liquid vitamin supplements containing stabilized vitamin c and metal ions |
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2016
- 2016-01-15 CN CN201680079076.5A patent/CN108495621A/zh active Pending
- 2016-01-15 WO PCT/PH2016/000001 patent/WO2017123103A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2016-01-15 BR BR112018013689-1A patent/BR112018013689A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6316008B1 (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2001-11-13 | John C. Godfrey | Combination of zinc ions and vitamin C and method of making |
US20140220151A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2014-08-07 | Wyeth Llc | Stability in Vitamin and Mineral Supplements |
US20100190739A1 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-07-29 | Fleming And Company, Pharmaceuticals | Rapidly Dissolving Vitamin Formulation and Methods of Using the Same |
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WO2017123103A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
WO2017123103A8 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
NZ744260A (en) | 2020-07-31 |
SG11201805821UA (en) | 2018-08-30 |
AU2016386385B2 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
KR20180101530A (ko) | 2018-09-12 |
AU2016386385A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
BR112018013689A2 (pt) | 2019-04-30 |
PH12018501438A1 (en) | 2018-11-05 |
HK1256968A1 (zh) | 2019-10-04 |
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