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CN108430391B - 用于假体二尖瓣的框架特征结构 - Google Patents

用于假体二尖瓣的框架特征结构 Download PDF

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CN108430391B
CN108430391B CN201680070467.0A CN201680070467A CN108430391B CN 108430391 B CN108430391 B CN 108430391B CN 201680070467 A CN201680070467 A CN 201680070467A CN 108430391 B CN108430391 B CN 108430391B
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valve
outer frame
assembly
frame
prosthetic heart
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CN108430391A (zh
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M·克里斯蒂安松
M·伊文思
R·维德伦德
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Tendyne Holdings Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • A61F2/2418Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/246Devices for obstructing a leak through a native valve in a closed condition
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2409Support rings therefor, e.g. for connecting valves to tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0073Quadric-shaped
    • A61F2230/0078Quadric-shaped hyperboloidal
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0073Quadric-shaped
    • A61F2230/008Quadric-shaped paraboloidal
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0037Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in height or in length
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0069Sealing means

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

本文描述了假体心脏瓣膜,其能够在植入心脏中时为左心室流出道(LVOT)提供间隙、减小非期望的流出梯度的可能性、和/或限制或防止LVOT阻塞。在一些实施例中,假体心脏瓣膜可以包括具有护套部分的外框架,所述护套部分相对于外框架的本体部分的竖直轴线以一定角度(例如,80度)布置,使得假体瓣膜可以固定地安置在瓣环中,同时不阻塞心脏的心室流出道。在一些实施例中,假体心脏瓣膜可以替代地或附加地包括具有短轮廓的瓣膜下部件,使得假体瓣膜可以固定地安置在瓣环中,同时不阻塞心脏的心室流出道。

Description

用于假体二尖瓣的框架特征结构
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2015年12月3日提交的、名称为“用于假体二尖瓣的框架特征结构(Frame Features for Prosthetic Mitral Valves)”的美国临时专利申请No.62/262,511的优先权和权益,其公开内容通过引用完整地并入本文。
背景技术
假体心脏瓣膜(包括用于插入房室瓣膜(三尖瓣和二尖瓣)中的假体心脏瓣膜)容易受到各种问题的影响,包括心室流出道阻塞的问题。例如,一些已知的假体二尖瓣将非期望的力施加到自体瓣膜的前段,由此导致进入主动脉的血流的非期望中断,所述主动脉在解剖结构上位于二尖瓣环的前段的紧后方。作为另一示例,一些已知的假体二尖瓣包括瓣膜下部件,其阻塞左心室流出道(LVOT)和/或以产生非期望的流动梯度和LVOT中断的方式将血流从心房引导到心室。因此,对于能够解决这些问题中的一些或全部的假体心脏瓣膜仍然存在需求。
发明内容
本文描述的假体心脏瓣膜能够在植入心脏中时为LVOT提供间隙、减小非期望的流出梯度的可能性、和/或限制或防止LVOT阻塞。在一些实施例中,一种假体心脏瓣膜可以包括外框架组件,所述外框架组件包括外框架,所述外框架具有构造成至少部分地布置在心脏的心房内的护套部分和构造成布置在心脏的心室中的本体部分。所述本体部分具有后侧和相对的前侧,并且所述前侧的最大高度可以大于所述后侧的最大高度,使得当所述假体心脏瓣膜布置在心脏的自体瓣环内时,所述外框架的前端相对于所述外框架的中心线成锐角布置。内瓣膜组件布置在所述外框架组件内并联接到所述外框架组件,并且包括内框架,所述内框架具有心房端和心室端并且所述内框架的中心线大致平行于所述外框架的中心线。所述内瓣膜组件包括被支撑在所述内框架上的瓣叶组件。
附图说明
图1A和1B是根据实施例的假体心脏瓣膜的示意性透视图和侧视横截面图。
图2A-C是图1A和1B的假体心脏瓣膜的内瓣膜组件的示意图。
图3是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜的俯视图。
图4是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜的俯视图。
图5是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜的一部分的透视侧视图。
图6是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜系统的分解图。
图7-9是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜的前视图、仰视图和俯视图。
图10是处于未膨胀构造的图7-9的瓣膜的内框架的打开并展平的视图。
图11和图12分别是处于膨胀构造的图10的内框架的侧视图和仰视图。
图13是处于未膨胀构造的图7-9的瓣膜的外框架的打开并展平的视图。
图14和图15分别是处于膨胀构造的图13的外框架的侧视图和俯视图。
图16-18是图10-12的内框架和图13-15的外框架的组件的侧视图、前视图和俯视图。
图19是图7-9的瓣膜的外框架组件的内覆盖物和外覆盖物所用的织物图案的平面图。
图20是图7-9的瓣膜的内瓣膜组件的瓣叶和外覆盖物所用的织物图案的平面图。
图21和22是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜的示意性透视图和侧视横截面图。
图23-25是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜的俯视图和透视图。
图26是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜系统的分解图。
图27和28是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜的示意性透视图和侧视横截面图。
图29A-D是根据另一实施例的假体心脏瓣膜的刚度分布的示意图。
图30A是根据实施例的处于部署或偏压构造的具有成角护套布置的假体心脏瓣膜的外框架的侧视图。
图30B是包括内瓣膜组件的图30A中所示的假体心脏瓣膜的示意性横截面侧视图。
图30C是具有成角护套布置并且处于部署或偏压构造的图30A中所示的假体心脏瓣膜的侧视图,以及没有成角护套布置并且处于部署或偏压构造的假体心脏瓣膜的侧视图。
图31A是根据实施例的处于部署或偏压构造的具有短本体部分的假体心脏瓣膜的外框架的侧视图。
图31B和31C分别示出了包括内瓣膜组件的图31A中所示的假体心脏瓣膜的示意性横截面透视图和侧视图。
图32A-32C是根据实施例的处于部署或偏压构造的具有径向偏移(图32A和32C)和径向居中(图32B)的内瓣膜组件的假体心脏瓣膜的俯视图。
图33A是根据实施例的处于部署或偏压构造的具有相对于外框架的A2段旋转的内瓣膜组件的假体心脏瓣膜的俯视图。
图33B是33A的假体瓣膜的内框架的仰视图。
图34A和34B在侧视图中分别示出了根据实施例的处于部署或偏压构造的、处于压缩和未压缩布置的假体心脏瓣膜的内框架。
图35A和35B分别在部分横截面侧视图和俯视图中示出了处于部署或偏压构造并且安置在心脏的自体二尖瓣环中的示例性假体心脏二尖瓣。
具体实施方式
本文描述了假体心脏瓣膜,其可以在植入心脏中时为LVOT提供间隙、减小非期望的流出梯度的可能性、和/或限制或防止LVOT阻塞。在一些实施例中,假体心脏瓣膜可以包括具有护套部分的外框架,所述护套部分相对于外框架的本体部分的竖直轴线以一定角度(例如,80度)布置,使得假体瓣膜可以固定地安置在瓣环中,同时不阻塞心脏的心室流出道。替代地或附加地,假体心脏瓣膜可以包括具有短轮廓的瓣膜下部件,使得假体瓣膜可以固定地安置在瓣环中,同时不阻塞心脏的心室流出道。
假体心脏瓣膜100的示意图在图1A和1B中示出。假体心脏瓣膜100设计成用以置换受损或病变的自体心脏瓣膜例如二尖瓣。瓣膜100包括外框架组件110和联接到外框架组件的内瓣膜组件140。
尽管未在图1A和1B中的外框架组件110的示意图中独立地示出,但外框架组件110可以由外框架120形成,在外框架的外表面的全部或一部分上覆盖有外覆盖物130,并且在外框架的内表面的全部或一部分上覆盖有内覆盖物132。
外框架120可以为假体心脏瓣膜100提供若干种功能,包括用作将瓣膜锚固到自体心脏瓣膜装置的主要结构、锚固机构和/或独立锚固机构所用的附接点,承载内瓣膜组件140的支撑件,和/或抑制假体心脏瓣膜100和自体心脏瓣膜装置之间的瓣周漏的密封件。
外框架120优选地形成为使得其可以变形(压缩和/或膨胀),并且当释放时返回到其原始(未变形)形状。为此,外框架120优选由具有形状记忆性质的材料(如金属或塑料)形成。关于金属,已发现
Figure BDA0001681569620000041
特别有效,原因是它可以被加工成奥氏体、马氏体或超弹性体。可以使用其他的形状记忆合金,例如Cu-Zn-Al-Ni合金、以及Cu-Al-Ni合金。
外框架120优选由
Figure BDA0001681569620000051
的激光切割的薄壁管形成。激光切割在细
Figure BDA0001681569620000052
管中形成规则的切口。该管可以径向膨胀,置于期望形状的模具或心轴上,加热到马氏体温度,并且淬火。以该方式处理框架将形成开放式网格框架结构,并且可以在外框架120的心房端部分126处具有张开的端部或护套。外框架120因此具有形状记忆性质并且容易在校准温度下恢复到记忆形状。替代地,外框架120可以由编织丝或其他合适的材料构造。
在图2A-2C中更详细地且示意性地示出了内瓣膜组件140。内瓣膜组件140可以包括内框架150、外覆盖物160和瓣叶170。在图2A中示意性地示出的简化形式中,内框架150包括支撑外覆盖物160和瓣叶170的六个轴向柱或框架构件。瓣叶170沿着柱中的三个(在图2A中示出为连合柱152)附接,并且外覆盖物160附接到其他三个柱(图2A中的154),并且可选地附接到连合柱152。在图2A中示意性地示出的简化形式中,外覆盖物160和瓣叶170中的每一个由近似矩形的材料片形成,所述材料片在它们的上端或心房端处联结在一起。外覆盖物160的下心室端可以联结到外框架组件110的内覆盖物132(在图2A中未示出),并且瓣叶170的下心室端可以形成自由边缘,但是联接到连合柱152的下端。
如图2B和2C中所示,瓣叶170能够在打开构造(图2B)和闭合构造(图2C)之间移动,在所述闭合构造中瓣叶合紧或者以紧密抵接的方式相接。
在下端或心室端,瓣叶170可以具有比外覆盖物160更小的周边。因此,连合柱152之间的瓣叶的自由下边缘(相邻连合柱之间的瓣叶170的每个部分被称为瓣叶170的“腹部”)与外覆盖物160的下边缘径向地间隔开。该径向间隔便于瓣叶从图2B中的打开位置移动到图2C中的闭合位置,原因是在心脏收缩期间从心室到心房的血液的逆流可以捕获腹部的自由边缘并推动瓣叶闭合。
外框架120的外覆盖物130和内覆盖物132、外覆盖物160以及瓣叶170可以由任何合适的材料或材料的组合形成。在一些实施例中,组织可选地是生物组织例如来自动物(例如猪)的心脏瓣膜的化学稳定的组织,或者是动物的心包组织例如牛(牛心包)、羊(羊心包)、猪(猪心包)、或马(马心包)。优选地,组织是牛心包组织。合适的组织的示例包括在产品
Figure BDA0001681569620000061
Peri-
Figure BDA0001681569620000062
和Vascu-
Figure BDA0001681569620000063
中使用的组织,所有产品目前用于外科程序,并且市售产品通常是从不到30个月大的牛获取。替代地,瓣叶170可以可选地由心包组织或小肠粘膜下(SIS)组织制成。
诸如聚氨酯或聚四氟乙烯的合成材料也可以用于瓣叶170。在薄的、耐用的合成材料预期例如用于外覆盖物130或内覆盖物132的情况下,可以可选地使用合成聚合物材料,如膨体聚四氟乙烯或聚酯。其他合适的材料可以可选地包括热塑性聚碳酸酯氨基甲酸乙酯、聚醚氨基甲酸乙酯、嵌段聚醚氨基甲酸乙酯、硅氧烷聚醚氨基甲酸酯、硅氧烷-聚碳酸酯氨基甲酸乙酯、以及超高分子量聚乙烯。附加的生物相容性聚合物可以可选地包括聚烯烃、弹性体、聚乙二醇、聚醚砜、聚砜、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚氯乙烯、其他含氟聚合物、有机硅聚酯、硅氧烷聚合物和/或低聚物、和/或聚内酯、以及使用上述材料的嵌段共聚物。
在另一实施例中,瓣叶170可以可选地具有已用抗凝剂(例如但不限于固定化肝素)处理(或与其反应)的表面。这样的目前可用的肝素化聚合物是本领域普通技术人员已知的和可用的。
如图1A、1B和2A中所示,内瓣膜组件140可以为大致圆柱形,并且外框架组件110可以为锥形,从下心室部分112(其联接到内瓣膜组件140的位置)处的较小直径(略大于内瓣膜组件140的外径)延伸到心房部分116处的较大直径,在心房部分和心室部分之间具有中间直径的瓣环部分114。
因此在内瓣膜组件140的外表面和外框架组件110的内表面之间形成锥形的环形空间或囊袋185,其通向瓣膜组件100的心房端。当瓣膜组件100布置在自体心脏瓣膜的瓣环中时,来自心房的血液可以移动进入和离开囊袋185。血液可以凝结,形成血栓,并且在心脏的循环泵浦期间血栓可以通过血流冲走,这是非期望的。为了抑制血栓的这样的冲走并增强凝结,组织向内生长到瓣膜100的表面中并产生其他益处,可以通过囊袋闭合件180覆盖或封闭囊袋。
囊袋闭合件180可以至少部分地由任何合适的材料形成,其足够多孔以允许血液(特别是包括红血细胞)进入囊袋185,但不是多孔到非期望地允许大的血栓离开囊袋185、或允许冲走形成于囊袋185中的血栓的程度。例如,囊袋闭合件180可以至少部分地由具有小于160μ、优选在90μ至120μ之间的孔的机织或针织聚酯织物形成。整个囊袋闭合件180不需要由具有相同孔隙率的相同材料形成。例如,囊袋闭合件180的一些部分可以由较少孔隙或不透血液的材料形成,并且其他部分由上述孔隙率范围的材料形成。也可以预期,外框架组件110或内瓣膜组件140的一部分可以形成有与囊袋180连通的孔,所述孔由具有期望孔隙率的材料形成的闭合件覆盖,因此提供了另一路径,血液可以通过该路径进入心房囊袋185,但防止血栓离开心房囊袋185。
内瓣膜组件110的外表面和/或外框架组件140的内表面不需要在横截面上为圆形(如图1A和1B中示意性所示),而是可以在沿着瓣膜100的中心轴线的指定位置处具有非恒定的半径。因此,囊袋185可以不具有恒定的横截面,并且可以不连续,而是可以形成为两个或更多个流体隔离的、部分环形的容积。类似地,囊袋闭合件180不需要成形为具有恒定宽度的环(如图1A和1B示意性所示),而可以是随着更复杂的连续形状而变化的连续环,或者可以形成为多个不连续的部段。
囊袋闭合件180用于捕获和/或减慢囊袋185内的血液流动,减小血液动力学的冲走并增加囊袋185中血栓的形成。它也促进自体组织主动向内生长到假体心脏瓣膜100的若干覆盖物中,将瓣膜100进一步稳定在自体心脏瓣膜中。形成内瓣膜组件140的外覆盖物的材料也可以被硬化或加强,以为瓣叶170提供更好的支撑。另外,填充囊袋185的大量血栓可以用作内瓣膜组件140的封装物(potting),以进一步稳定瓣膜组件。内瓣膜组件140的更大稳定性可以提供瓣叶170的更可靠合紧,并且因此提供更有效的性能。在外框架组件110已安装到并且挠性地贴合自体瓣膜装置之后大量血栓也可以稳定外框架组件110。这可以在假体心脏瓣膜100和自体瓣膜装置之间提供更有效的密封,并且减少瓣周漏。
图1A-2C中示意性示出的假体心脏瓣膜的一种可行的实现方式是在图3的俯视图中示出的假体心脏瓣膜200。假体心脏瓣膜200包括外框架组件210和联接到外框架组件的内瓣膜组件240。
外框架组件210包括外框架220,在其外表面的全部或一部分覆盖有外覆盖物230(不可见),并且在其内表面的全部或一部分上覆盖有内覆盖物232。
内瓣膜组件240包括内框架250、外覆盖物260(不可见)、和瓣叶270。内框架250包括支撑外覆盖物260和瓣叶270的六个轴向柱或框架构件。内瓣膜组件240可以为大致圆柱形,并且外框架组件210可以为锥形,从下心室部分(其联接到内瓣膜组件240的位置)处的较小直径(略大于内瓣膜组件240的外径)延伸到较大直径的心房部分,在心房部分和心室部分之间具有中间直径的瓣环部分。
因此在内瓣膜组件240的外表面和外框架组件210的内表面之间形成锥形的环形空间或囊袋285(例如,心房血栓形成的密封囊袋),其通向瓣膜组件200的心房端。例如,囊袋闭合件280可以由圆形丝件或环圈形成,具有可渗透网眼织物或组织,其被缝合并由此连接到内框架250和/或瓣叶170。内框架250具有内丝框结构(例如,由镍钛诺丝制成),其支撑被缝合到内框架250的瓣叶270并且用作瓣膜。图3中的内框架250包括在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部的三个U形丝部件。瓣叶270缝合到这些部件以形成铰接瓣叶170,从而构建并用作假体瓣膜(例如,假体三尖瓣;假体二尖瓣;假体主动脉瓣等)。
而且,内框架250具有(系绳)附接孔211(未示出),其用于附接系绳组件290(未示出)。系绳组件290连接到心外膜固定垫254(未示出)。
在操作中,内瓣膜组件240布置并固定在外框架组件210内。外框架组件210也可以在各种实施例中具有外支架组织材料。外框架组件210包括具有套环盖248的铰接套环246。铰接套环246具体地成形用以解决由自体结构引起的泄漏问题。特别地,套环246由A2段247、P2段249和两个连合段(A1-P1段251和A3-P3段253)组成。套环246也可以在优选实施例中具有A2段的缩短或展平或D形部段262以便适应和解决左心室流出道(LVOT)阻塞问题。
在操作中,假体心脏瓣膜200可以使用导管递送技术部署(例如,作为假体二尖瓣)。假体心脏瓣膜200在窄导管内被压缩并且与预先附接的系绳组件290一起递送到自体瓣膜(例如,左心房)的瓣环区域。在那里,瓣膜200被推出导管,其弹开到其预先形成的功能形状而不需要手动膨胀(例如,使用内球囊导管的手动膨胀)。当瓣膜200被拉动到位时,外框架组件210安置在自体二尖瓣环中,使铰接套环246接合心房底部并防止拉出(在瓣膜200被拉入心室的位置)。在这样的实施例中,不必像在现有的假体工作中所教导的那样切掉自体瓣叶。而是,自体瓣叶可以用于在外框架组件210周围提供张紧和/或密封功能。有利的是,瓣膜200不对称地部署以便解决LVOT问题,其中非适应性的假体瓣膜推压瓣膜(例如,二尖瓣)的A2前段并且封堵通过主动脉的血流,所述主动脉在解剖结构上位于二尖瓣环的A2段紧后方。因此,D形部段262大致紧邻/接触A2段部署,原因是展平的D形部段262在结构上更小并且具有更竖直的轮廓(更接近平行于外框架组件212的纵向轴线)并且由此提供A2段上的更小压力。一旦瓣膜200正确安置,系绳组件290就可以通过左心室的心尖区域伸出并且使用心外膜垫254或类似的缝线锁定附接机构(未示出)进行固定。
在替代实施例中,系绳组件290处于外框架组件210上,其相应地具有(系绳)附接孔213以用于将系绳组件290附接到心外膜固定垫254。
图4是假体心脏瓣膜300的另一实施例的俯视或心房视图,示出为没有囊袋闭合件380。图4示出了在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部302的内框架350的三个U形丝部件的接合末端302的顶部。瓣叶370缝合到这些部件以形成铰接瓣叶370,从而构建并用作假体瓣膜(例如,假体三尖瓣,假体二尖瓣,假体主动脉瓣等)。在套环的平面下方示出血栓形成囊袋385。图4示出了竖直的A2段347、P2段349、以及连合A1-P1段351和A3-P3段353。图4示出了在部署时血液将如何填充瓣膜300的内瓣膜组件340和外框架组件310之间的空隙或间隙385。该血液形成在该空间中聚集的临时流体密封并且提供压力缓冲以防止伴随收缩和舒张相关的心房内和心室内压力的泄漏诱导力。而且,图4提供了套环346的图示,所述套环可以在一些实施例中包括A2段的缩短或展平或D形部段362以便适应和解决左心室流出道(LVOT)阻塞问题。
图5是包含作为子部件的自膨胀内瓣膜组件440的本文中预期的自膨胀预构造可压缩经导管假体心血管瓣膜400的P2区域447和A3-P3区域453的透视侧视图。瓣膜400还包括作为子部件的外框架组件410。外框架组件410和内瓣膜组件440共同限定血栓形成囊袋485。图5示出了在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部402的内框架450的三个U形丝部件中的一个。瓣叶470缝合到这些部件以形成铰接瓣叶470,由此构建并用作假体瓣膜。除了竖直A2段447、P2段449以及连合A1-P1段451(未示出)和A3-P3段453之外,血栓形成囊袋485示出为略低于套环446的主要部分的平面。图5示出了在部署时血液将如何填充瓣膜400的A3-P3段453区域处的内瓣膜组件440和外框架组件410之间的空隙或间隙(即,囊袋485)。该血液形成在该空间中聚集的临时流体密封并且提供压力缓冲以防止伴随收缩和舒张相关的心房内和心室内压力的泄漏诱导力。
图6是包含作为子部件的自膨胀内框架450的预构造可压缩经导管假体心血管瓣膜400的实施例的分解图。瓣膜400还包括作为子部件的外框架组件410。外框架组件410和内瓣膜组件440共同限定血栓形成囊袋485(未示出)。囊袋485在作为V形或U形囊袋的内部的内瓣膜组件440和作为V形或U形囊袋的外部的具有外覆盖物430的外框架组件410之间形成。在该瓣膜400中,内瓣膜组件440具有心房血栓形成密封囊袋闭合件480(未示出)(例如,由圆形丝件或环圈形成),具有可渗透网眼织物或组织,其缝合并且由此连接到内框架450和/或瓣叶470。内框架450包括由镍钛诺丝制成的内丝框结构,其支撑被缝合到内框架450的瓣叶570并且用作瓣膜。内框架450包括在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部402的三个主U形丝部件407。可选地,在一些实施例中,内框架450可以包括附加的丝横向构件或撑杆(例如,三个以上)。
在该瓣膜400中,内框架450与组织缝合并且用作盖以防止瓣膜泄漏。内瓣膜组件440包括瓣叶470。瓣叶470包括限定瓣膜功能的铰接瓣叶。瓣叶470缝合到内框架450。内框架450也具有用于附接系绳组件490的(系绳)附接孔411。系绳组件490在该示例中示出为连接到心外膜固定垫454。在操作中,被覆盖的内瓣膜组件440(具有瓣叶470)布置并固定在外框架组件410内。外框架组件410也可以在各种实施例中具有外覆盖物460。外框架组件410具有铰接套环446,所述铰接套环具有套环盖448。铰接套环446也可以在优选实施例中具有在A2区域处的展平或D形部段462以适应和解决左心室流出道(LVOT)阻塞问题。套环446也可以具有专门形成的连合段以防止A1-P1段451和A3-P3段453处的连合泄漏。
在操作中,瓣膜400可以使用导管递送技术作为假体瓣膜被部署。瓣膜400在窄导管内被压缩并且与预先附接的系绳组件490一起递送到自体瓣膜(例如,左心房)的瓣环区域。在那里,瓣膜400被推出导管,其弹开到其预先形成的功能形状而不需要手动膨胀(例如,使用内球囊导管的手动膨胀)。当瓣膜400被拉动到位时,外框架组件410安置在自体瓣环(例如,自体二尖瓣环)中,使铰接套环446接合心房底部并防止拉出(在瓣膜被拉入心室的位置)。在这样的实施例中,不必像在现有的假体工作中所教导的那样切掉自体瓣叶。而是,自体瓣叶可以用于在瓣膜400周围(例如,在外框架组件410周围)提供张紧和/或密封功能。有利的是,瓣膜400不对称地部署以便解决LVOT问题,其中非适应性的假体瓣膜推压瓣膜(例如,二尖瓣)的A2前段并且封堵通过主动脉的血流,所述主动脉在解剖结构上位于瓣环(例如,二尖瓣环)的A2段紧后方。
因此,D形部段462大致紧邻/接触A2段部署,原因是展平的D形部段262在结构上更小并且具有更竖直的轮廓(更接近平行于外框架组件410的纵向轴线)并且由此提供A2段上的更小压力。一旦瓣膜400正确安置,系绳组件490就可以通过左心室的心尖区域伸出并且使用心外膜垫254或类似的缝线锁定附接机构进行固定。
图7-9分别是根据实施例的假体心脏瓣膜500的前视图、仰视图和俯视图。
假体心脏瓣膜500设计成用以置换受损或病变的自体心脏瓣膜例如二尖瓣。瓣膜500包括外框架组件510和联接到外框架组件510的内瓣膜组件540。
如图所示,外框架组件510包括外框架520,其外表面的全部或一部分覆盖有外覆盖物530,并且其内表面的全部或一部分覆盖有内覆盖物532。
外框架520可以为假体心脏瓣膜500提供若干种功能,包括用作将瓣膜锚固到自体心脏瓣膜装置的主要结构、锚固机构和/或独立锚固机构所用的附接点、承载内瓣膜组件540的支撑件、和/或抑制假体心脏瓣膜500和自体心脏瓣膜装置之间的瓣周漏的密封件。
外框架520构造成被操纵和/或变形(压缩和/或膨胀),并且当释放时返回到其原始(未变形)形状。为此,外框架520优选由具有形状记忆性质的材料(如金属或塑料)形成。关于金属,已发现
Figure BDA0001681569620000121
特别有效,原因是它可以被加工成奥氏体、马氏体或超弹性体。可以使用其他的形状记忆合金例如Cu-Zn-Al-Ni合金和Cu-Al-Ni合金。
如图7中最佳地所示,外框架组件510具有上端(例如,在心房部分516处)、下端(例如,在心室部分512处)、以及其间的中间部分(例如,在瓣环部分514处)。外框架组件510的中间部分具有构造成(例如,尺寸确定成,成形为)配合到自体房室瓣膜的瓣环中的周边。外框架组件510的上端的周边比中间部分的周边大。在一些实施例中,外框架组件510的上端的周边明显大于中间部分的周边。如图9中最佳地所示,外框架组件510的上端和中间部分具有D形横截面。以该方式,外框架组件510促进合适地配合到自体房室瓣膜的瓣环中。
内瓣膜组件540包括内框架550、外覆盖物560和瓣叶570。如图所示,内瓣膜组件540包括具有形成有多个拱部的周边的上部分。内框架550包括支撑外覆盖物560和瓣叶570的六个轴向柱或框架构件。瓣叶570沿着示出为连合柱552(在图8中最佳地示出)的柱中的三个附接,并且外覆盖物560附接到其它三个柱554(在图8中最佳地示出),并且可选地附接到连合柱552。外覆盖物560和瓣叶570中的每一个由近似矩形的材料片形成,所述材料片在它们的上端或心房端处联结在一起。外覆盖物560的下心室端可以联结到外框架组件510的内覆盖物532,并且瓣叶570的下心室端可以形成自由边缘575,但是联接到连合柱552的下端。
尽管内瓣膜组件540示出为具有三个瓣叶,但在其他实施例中,内瓣膜组件可以包括任何合适数量的瓣叶。瓣叶570能够在打开构造和闭合构造之间移动,在所述闭合构造中瓣叶570合紧或者以紧密抵接的方式相接。
在下端或心室端,瓣叶570可以具有比外覆盖物560更小的周边。因此,连合柱552之间的瓣叶的自由下边缘(瓣叶570在相邻连合柱之间的每个部分被称为瓣叶570的“腹部”)与内瓣膜组件540的外覆盖物560的下边缘径向地间隔开。该径向间隔便于瓣叶570从打开位置移动到闭合位置,原因是在心脏收缩期间从心室到心房的血液的逆流可以捕获腹部的自由边缘并推动瓣叶闭合(例如,合紧)。
外框架组件510的外覆盖物530和外框架组件510的内覆盖物532、内瓣膜组件540的外覆盖物560以及内瓣膜组件540的瓣叶570可以由任何合适的材料或材料的组合形成,正如上面讨论的那些。在该实施例中,外框架组件510的内覆盖物532、内瓣膜组件540的外覆盖物560和内瓣膜组件540的瓣叶570至少部分地由猪心包形成。而且,在该实施例中,外框架组件510的外覆盖物530至少部分地由聚酯形成。
在另一实施例中,瓣叶570可以可选地具有已用抗凝剂(例如但不限于固定化肝素)处理(或与其反应)的表面。这样的目前可用的肝素化聚合物是本领域普通技术人员已知的和可用的。
内瓣膜组件540为大致圆柱形,并且外框架组件510可以为锥形,从下心室部分512(其联接到内瓣膜组件540的位置)处的较小直径(略大于内瓣膜组件540的外径)延伸到较大直径的心房部分516,在心房部分和心室部分之间具有中间直径的瓣环部分514。
如图所示,因此在内瓣膜组件540的外表面和外框架组件510的内表面之间形成锥形的环形空间或囊袋585,其通向瓣膜组件500的心房端。如图所示,囊袋闭合件580沿着内瓣膜组件540的上端的周边联接。在一些实施例中,囊袋闭合件580或其一部分可以沿着内瓣膜组件540的任何合适部分联接。
如上所述,囊袋闭合件580可以至少部分地由任何合适的材料形成,其足够多孔以允许血液(特别是包括红血细胞)进入囊袋585,但不是多孔到非期望地允许大的血栓离开囊袋585、或允许将形成于囊袋585中的血栓冲走的程度。在该实施例中,囊袋闭合件580完全由具有约90-120微米的孔的针织聚酯(即,PET经编针织织物)形成。在一些实施例中,囊袋闭合件可以包括小于约160微米的孔。
内框架550在图10-12中更详细地示出。具体地,图10-12根据实施例分别示出了处于未变形的初始状态的内框架550(图10)、处于部署构造的内框架550的侧视图(图11)、以及处于部署构造的内框架550的仰视图(图12)。
在该实施例中,内框架550由
Figure BDA0001681569620000141
的激光切割管形成。内框架550在图10中示出为处于未变形的初始状态,即作为激光切割件,但为了便于图示而切割并展开成平板。内框架550可以被分成四个部分,其对应于最终形式的内框架550的功能上不同的部分:心房部分541、本体部分542、撑杆部分543和系绳夹持部分544。撑杆部分543包括六个撑杆,例如撑杆543A,其将本体部分542连接到系绳夹持部分544。
连接部分544包括撑杆的纵向延伸部,其通过成对相对的略微V形的连接构件(或“微V形件”)周向地连接。连接部分544构造成通过施加压缩力而径向塌缩,其导致微V形变为更深的V形,其中顶点纵向地移动靠拢并且V形的敞开端部周向地移动靠拢。因此,连接部分544可以构造成压缩地夹持或抓紧系绳的一个端部,直接连接到系绳线(例如,编织细丝线)上或连接到中间结构(例如牢固地固定到系绳线的聚合物或金属件)上。
与连接部分544相比,心房部分541和本体部分542构造成径向地膨胀。撑杆部分543在膨胀的本体部分和压缩的连接部分544之间形成纵向连接和径向过渡。
本体部分542包括六个纵向柱例如柱542A。例如通过将内框架550连接到外框架520,柱可以用于将瓣叶570附接到内框架540,和/或可以用于将内组件540附接到外组件510。在所示的实施例中,柱包括开口,连接构件(例如缝线丝和/或金属丝)可以穿过所述开口以将柱联接到其他结构。
内框架550分别在图11和12的侧视图和仰视图中示出为处于完全变形即最终部署构造。
瓣膜500的外框架520在图13-15中更详细地示出。在该实施例中,外框架520也由
Figure BDA0001681569620000151
的激光切割管形成。外框架520在图13中示出为处于未变形的初始状态,即作为激光切割件,但为了便于图示而切割并展开成平板。外框架520可以分成联接部分571、本体部分572和护套部分573,如图13中所示。
联接部分571包括多个开口或孔例如571A,外框架520可以通过所述多个开口或孔联接到内框架550,正如下面更详细地讨论的那样。
外框架520分别在图14和15的侧视图和俯视图中示出为处于完全变形即最终部署构造。如图15中最佳地所示,联接部分571的下端形成大致圆形的开口(在图15中用“O”标识)。该开口的直径优选地大约对应于内框架550的本体部分542的直径,以便于瓣膜500的两个部件的联接。
外框架520和内框架550在图16-18中分别以前视图、侧视图和俯视图示出为联接在一起。两个框架共同形成用于诸如瓣膜500的假体瓣膜的结构支撑件。框架以与自体瓣环期望的关系支撑瓣叶结构(例如,瓣叶570)、支撑两个框架的覆盖物(例如,外覆盖物530,内覆盖物532,外覆盖物560)以提供心房和心室之间的血液泄漏的屏障,并且(通过内框架550)联接到系绳(例如,系绳组件590)以帮助通过系绳连接到心室壁而将假体瓣膜在自体瓣环中保持就位。外框架520和内框架550在六个联接点(代表性点被标识为“C”)处连接。在该实施例中,联接点用穿过外框架520的联接部分571中的孔(例如孔571A)和内框架550的本体部分542中的纵向柱(例如柱542A)中的对应开口的机械紧固件(例如短长度的丝)实现。内框架550因此布置在外框架520内并且牢固地联接到外框架。
根据实施例,用于外框架组件510的外覆盖物530和/或外框架组件的内覆盖物532的切割、成形和尺寸确定的模板534(或设计图案)在图19中示出。设计图案534包括附接位置指示536a、536b。为了将外覆盖物530布置成组装构造(即,联接到或准备联接到外框架520),外覆盖物530的两个端部根据模板534的附接位置指示536a、536b联接(例如,缝合)在一起。类似地,内覆盖物532通过根据附接位置指示536a、536b将其端部联接(例如,缝合)在一起而布置成组装构造。
图20示出了根据实施例的处于其初始、预组装状态(即,未附接到内框架550)的内瓣膜组件的一个瓣叶570和外覆盖物560的关联部分的设计图案。如上所述,相邻连合柱之间的瓣叶570的部分被称为瓣叶570的“腹部”。该腹部具有在图20中以附图标记“B”指示的弯曲边缘。在内瓣膜组件540的组装期间,瓣叶570联接到内瓣膜组件540的内框架550。具体地,瓣叶570的腹部边缘B或其一部分在内框架550的拱形部分处联接到内框架550。另外,外覆盖物560沿着用‘F’指示的轴线折叠在内框架550的一部分(例如,拱形部分)上,并且沿着附接线A联接到内框架550的一部分(例如,连合柱552)。如图所示,联接区域C(例如,缝合区域)布置在附接线A的外部并且邻近附接线A。联接区域C可以便于进行组装过程。随后,过量的瓣叶材料和/或过量的外覆盖物材料可以被切掉并处置或再使用。例如,布置在腹部边缘B和F轴线之间的材料或联接区域C中的材料可以在一些实施例中是不必要的材料并且因此可以从瓣叶570和/或外覆盖物560切掉。对于每个瓣叶570、每个外覆盖物560和每个连合柱552可以重复该组装过程。
瓣叶570和外覆盖物560可以具有任何合适的尺寸、形状、材料和/或构造。例如,在该实施例中,瓣叶570和/或外覆盖物560由固定的猪心包形成,具有约0.01英寸的厚度。
假体心脏瓣膜的另一实施例的示意图在图21和22中示出。假体心脏瓣膜600设计成用以置换受损或病变的自体心脏瓣膜例如二尖瓣。瓣膜600包括外框架组件610和联接到外框架组件610的内瓣膜组件640。
尽管未在图21和22中的外框架组件610的示意图中独立地示出,但是外框架组件610可以由外框架620形成,其外表面的全部或一部分覆盖有外覆盖物630,并且其内表面的全部或一部分覆盖有内覆盖物632。假体心脏瓣膜600的部件的材料和构造可以与上述其他实施例类似。以下的讨论集中在本实施例与前面的实施例不同的方面。
内瓣膜组件640包括内框架650(未示出)、外覆盖物660(未示出)、瓣叶670(未示出)和心房结构655(例如,环圈)。如图所示,环圈655布置在内瓣膜组件640的心房部分616处。在这样的构造中,当瓣膜600植入患者的心脏中时,环圈655将布置在患者心脏的心房底部和/或自体瓣环上方。以该方式,环圈655提供内框架650的扩展功能(例如,在自体二尖瓣环上方)。在一些情况下,例如,如果假体瓣叶相对于自体瓣环安置得过低,则瓣叶可能不适当地合紧(例如,不完全合紧)和/或会发生血液动力学的泄漏。因此,将环圈655布置在自体瓣环上方可以提供和/或促进完全合紧。
环圈655可以由任何合适的方法和材料形成。例如,在一些实施例中,环圈655可以由大致圆形的丝件形成。在这样的实施例中,环圈655可以联接(例如,缝合)到内框架650。
外框架620的外覆盖物630和内覆盖物632、外覆盖物660以及瓣叶670可以由任何合适的材料或材料的组合形成,例如上面结合其他实施例所讨论的那些。
如图21和22中所示,内瓣膜组件640可以为大致圆柱形,并且外框架组件610可以为锥形,从下心室部分612(其联接到内瓣膜组件640的位置)处的较小直径(略大于内瓣膜组件640的外径)延伸到较大直径的心房部分616,在心房部分和心室部分之间具有中间直径的瓣环部分614。
在一些实施例中,内瓣膜组件610的外表面和/或外框架组件640的内表面不需要在横截面上为圆形(如图21和22中示意性所示的那样),而是可以在沿着瓣膜600的中心轴线的指定位置处具有非恒定的半径。
心房环圈655通过在包括内框架的改进假体心脏瓣膜中将内瓣膜组件的内框架延伸到心房底部的平面上方而起作用,所述内框架保持瓣叶并且布置在外框架内以用于当假体心脏瓣膜布置在心脏瓣膜(例如二尖瓣,三尖瓣)内时减小或防止泄漏。
在升高的瓣叶筒仓或圆筒(例如,环圈650)内具有瓣叶的益处是改善血流和瓣叶闭合。已观察到在瓣叶圆筒处于心房底部的位置处,瓣叶合紧不完全并且可能会导致血液动力学的泄漏。
因此,通过提供升高到自体瓣环或心房底部的平面上方的心房环圈或环结构,促进了完全的瓣叶合紧。在心室收缩或心脏收缩期间,血液朝着主动脉瓣喷射以离开心脏,但也朝着在心脏收缩期间需要保持闭合的假体二尖瓣喷射。逆行血液撞击假体瓣叶导致瓣叶闭合,防止返流进入左心房。在心脏舒张或心室填充期间,血液需要从心房流入心室而没有阻塞。然而,当假体瓣叶未正确放置或适当对准时,瓣叶可能会阻塞心室的高效填充或导致不均匀的心室输出。
图23是根据实施例的假体心脏瓣膜700的俯视图,所述假体心脏瓣膜是图21和图22中示意性示出的假体心脏瓣膜的一种可行的实现方式。假体心脏瓣膜700包括外框架组件710、内瓣膜组件740和系绳组件790。内瓣膜组件740包括内框架750和外覆盖物760(未示出)、瓣叶770、以及心房结构755(例如,环圈)。环圈755可以由能够连接到内框架750并缝合到瓣叶770的圆形丝件形成。内框架750可以由
Figure BDA0001681569620000191
丝制成,其支撑缝合到内框架750的瓣叶770并且用作瓣膜。图23中所示的内框架750包括在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部702的三个U形丝部件。瓣叶770缝合到这些部件以形成铰接瓣叶,由此构建并用作假体瓣膜(例如,假体二尖瓣,假体三尖瓣)。
在一些实施例中,内框架750具有用于附接系绳组件790的系绳附接孔711(未示出)。系绳组件790连接到心外膜固定垫754(未示出)。
在操作中,内框架750(具有瓣叶770)布置并固定在外框架组件710的外框架720内。外框架720包括外覆盖物730(未示出)(例如,组织材料)和内覆盖物732(例如,组织材料)。外框架720具有铰接套环746,所述铰接套环具有套环盖748。铰接套环746构造(例如,成形和尺寸确定)成解决由自体结构引起的泄漏问题。特别地,套环746由A2段747、P2段749和两个连合段(A1-P1段751和A3-P3段753)组成。套环746也可以在一些实施例中具有A2段的缩短或展平或D形部段762以便适应和解决左心室流出道(LVOT)阻塞问题。
在操作中,瓣膜700可以使用导管递送技术作为假体二尖瓣部署。整个瓣膜700在窄导管内被压缩并且与预先附接的系绳装置一起递送到自体瓣膜(优选为左心房)的瓣环区域。在递送时,瓣膜700被推出导管,其弹开到其预先形成的功能形状而不需要手动膨胀(例如,使用内球囊导管的手动膨胀)。当瓣膜700被推动和/或拉动到位时,外框架组件710安置在自体瓣环(例如,自体二尖瓣环)中,使铰接套环746接合心房底部并防止拉出(在瓣膜被拉入心室的位置)。在这样的实施例中,不必像在现有的假体工作中所教导的那样切掉自体瓣叶。而是,自体瓣叶可以用于在外框架组件710周围提供张紧和/或密封功能。有利的是,瓣膜700不对称地部署以便解决LVOT问题,其中非适应性的假体瓣膜推压瓣膜(例如,二尖瓣)的A2前段并且封堵通过主动脉的血流,所述主动脉在解剖结构上位于二尖瓣环的A2段紧后方。因此,D形部段762大致紧邻/接触A2段部署,原因是展平的D形部段762在结构上更小并且具有更竖直的轮廓(更接近平行于外支架的纵向轴线)并且由此提供A2段上的更小压力。一旦瓣膜700正确安置,系绳组件790就可以通过左心室的心尖区域伸出并且使用心外膜垫754或类似的缝线锁定附接机构(未示出)进行固定。
在替代实施例中,系绳组件790处于外框架720上,其相应地具有系绳附接孔713以用于将系绳组件790附接到心外膜固定垫754。
图24是根据实施例的假体心脏瓣膜700的A1-P1侧的透视图。图24示出在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部702的内框架750的三个U形丝部件中的一个。尽管示出了三个U形丝部件,但在其他实施例中,任何合适数量的U形丝部件可以在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部。类似地,在一些实施例中,内框架750的丝部件可以具有任何合适的形状或尺寸。瓣叶770缝合到这些部件以形成铰接瓣叶770,由此构建并用作假体心脏瓣膜(例如,二尖瓣,三尖瓣)。示出了心房环圈755,除了竖直A2段747、P2段749以及连合A1-P1段751和A3-P3段753之外,圆形丝的平面在环圈的主要部分的平面上方。图26示出了在部署时血液将如何填充瓣膜700的A1-P1段751处的内框架750和外框架720之间的空隙或间隙707。该血液形成在该空间中聚集的临时流体密封并且提供压力缓冲以防止伴随收缩和舒张相关的心房内和心室内压力的泄漏诱导力。
图25是根据实施例的假体心脏瓣膜700的A3-P3侧753的透视图。图25示出在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部702的内框架750的三个U形丝部件中的一个。瓣叶770缝合到这些部件以形成铰接瓣叶770,由此构建并用作假体三尖瓣。示出了心房环圈755,除了竖直A2段747、P2段749、以及连合A1-P1段751和A3-P3段753之外,圆形丝的平面在环圈的主要部分的平面上方。图25示出了在部署时血液将如何填充瓣膜700的A3-P3段753区域处的内框架750和外框架720之间的空隙或间隙708。该血液形成在该空间中聚集的临时流体密封并且提供压力缓冲以防止伴随收缩和舒张相关的心房内和心室内压力的泄漏诱导力。
图26是根据实施例的假体心脏瓣膜700的分解图。在该瓣膜700中,内框架750与组织706缝合并用作盖以防止瓣膜泄漏。内框架750包含瓣叶770,所述瓣叶由限定瓣膜功能的铰接瓣叶组成。瓣叶770缝合到内框架750。内框架750也具有用于附接系绳组件790的系绳附接孔711。系绳组件790在该示例中示出为连接到心外膜固定垫754。在操作中,被覆盖的内框架750(例如,覆盖有外覆盖物760)(具有瓣叶770)布置并固定在外框架组件710的外框架720内。外框架720在各种实施例中也可以具有覆盖物(例如,外覆盖物730)。外框架720具有铰接套环746,所述铰接套环具有套环盖748。铰接套环746在一些实施例中也可以具有D形部段762以适应和解决左心室流出道(LVOT)阻塞问题。
在操作中,瓣膜700可以使用导管递送技术作为假体瓣膜(例如,二尖瓣)部署。整个瓣膜700在窄导管内被压缩并且例如与预先附接的系绳装置790一起递送到自体瓣膜的瓣环区域。在那里,瓣膜700被推出导管,其弹开到其预先形成的功能形状而不需要手动膨胀(例如,使用内球囊导管的手动膨胀)。当瓣膜700被推动和/或拉动到位时,外框架组件710安置在自体二尖瓣环中,使铰接套环746接合心房底部并防止拉出(在瓣膜被拉入心室的位置)。在这样的实施例中,不必像在现有的假体工作中所教导的那样切掉自体瓣叶。而是,自体瓣叶可以用于在外框架组件710周围提供张紧和/或密封功能。有利的是,瓣膜700不对称地部署以便解决LVOT问题,其中非适应性的假体瓣膜推压瓣膜(例如,二尖瓣)的A2前段并且封堵通过主动脉的血流,所述主动脉在解剖结构上位于二尖瓣环的A2段紧后方。因此,D形部段762大致紧邻/接触A2段部署,原因是展平的D形部段762在结构上更小并且具有更竖直的轮廓(更接近平行于外支架的纵向轴线)并且由此提供A2段上的更小压力。一旦瓣膜700正确安置,系绳组件790就可以通过左心室的心尖区域伸出并且使用心外膜垫754或类似的缝线锁定附接机构进行固定。
上述的任何假体心脏瓣膜实施例可以包含附加的结构特征以增强其性能。下面参考在图27和28中分别以透视图和侧视图示意性示出的假体心脏瓣膜800讨论这些结构特征。
如图所示,外框架820具有心房部分826、心室部分822、以及布置在心房部分826和心室部分822之间的瓣环部分824。内瓣膜组件840的内框架850具有第一端部和第二端部。内瓣膜组件840可以通过内框架850的第一端部和外框架组件810的心室部分812之间的连接而联接到外框架820。内框架组件840可以从该连接朝着外框架组件810的心房部分816延伸。内框架组件840和外框架组件810可以从该连接朝着外框架组件810的心房部分816发散。外框架组件810的瓣环部分814可以与内瓣膜组件840径向地间隔开并且能够朝着内瓣膜组件840径向向内偏转以将自体心脏瓣环容纳在瓣环部分814中。
外框架组件810能够以任何合适的方式成形和尺寸确定成便于适当地配合到自体心脏瓣膜中。例如,如图所示,外框架820可以成形和尺寸确定成至少部分类似于沙漏形状。具体地,外框架组件810的瓣环部分814从心室部分812附近的中间直径(或周长)变化到瓣环部分814的中间附近的较小直径(或周长),变化到心房部分816附近的较大直径(或周长)。因此,瓣环部分814具有沙漏形状。心室部分812的最大直径大于瓣环部分816的最大直径。心室部分的最小直径小于瓣环部分814的最小直径。
外框架820的每个部分的直径和/或周长可以基于假体心脏瓣膜800将植入其中的自体心脏瓣膜的尺寸和/或形状进行选择。例如,外框架820的瓣环部分824的最小直径可以小于自体瓣环的最小直径。因此,在这样的构造中,心室部分822、瓣环部分824和心房部分826的直径可以共同地促进假体心脏瓣膜800在自体心脏瓣膜中的适当配合(例如,贴合、固定配合)。以该方式,外框架820可以构造成优化假体心脏瓣膜800(特别是外框架组件810)和自体心脏瓣膜的自体瓣环之间的固定和密封。因此,这样的构造使得瓣周漏的可能性最小化。
尽管外框架820被示出为具有圆形横截面,但是在一些实施例中,外框架820可以具有任何合适的形状或尺寸。例如,在一些实施例中,外框架820可以具有D形横截面。以该方式,外框架820可以具有构造成对应于(例如,配合)自体心脏瓣环的形状。
作为具有上述沙漏形状的外框架820和/或外框架组件810的附加或替代,瓣膜800或在一些情况下特别是外框架820和/或外框架组件810可以形成为提供在空间上即在轴向和/或周向上变化的刚度例如抗环箍压缩。
以该方式,合适的刚度分布可以布置成使得当布置在自体心脏瓣膜中时,瓣膜800促进期望的形状和密封区域,因此最小化瓣周漏和瓣膜的非期望移动的可能性。也就是说,瓣膜800可以构造成具有适合于导致自体心脏瓣环(即,密封区域)的期望变形且因此适合于导致瓣膜800的适当植入的刚度分布。
假体瓣膜800的期望刚度分布可以通过改变外框架组件810和内瓣膜组件840的性质、特性和/或布置来实现。例如,外框架820和/或内框架850可以包含不同材料状态的部分。例如,外框架820的第一部分可以处于弹性状态,而外框架820的第二部分处于超弹性状态。类似地,例如,外框架820和/或内框架850的各部分可以处于奥氏体状态和/或马氏体状态(例如,应力诱发的马氏体状态)。以该方式,瓣膜800的各部分可以构造成与自体瓣环合适地配合,因此改善密封并限制瓣周漏。
另外,外框架组件810和/或内瓣膜组件840可以具有变化的宽厚度、形状(例如,纵向形状)、角度(例如,内瓣膜组件840和外框架组件810之间的附接角度)等。在一些实施例中,外覆盖物830、内覆盖物832、外覆盖物860和/或囊袋闭合件880可以构造成至少部分地确定瓣膜800的刚度分布和/或形状(例如,基于缝合图案)。
图29B、29C和29D分别示出了根据实施例的假体心脏瓣膜800(在图29A中示出)的轴向和周向刚度分布。心脏瓣膜800的刚度能够以任何合适的方式轴向地和/或周向地变化。例如,图29B表示瓣膜800的轴向刚度分布。具体地,如图所示,Z轴表示瓣膜800上的轴向位置(例如,刚度值的位置)。S轴表示从左(开始于原点O)向右增加的刚度的范围(或刚度值的范围)。
进一步地,对于该示例,如图29B中所示,在一些实施例中,外框架822的心室部分822附近的位置(例如,在图29A中指示为B)可以具有较大的刚度值,外框架820的瓣环部分824附近的位置可以相对于心室部分822具有较小的刚度值(例如,用以促进与自体瓣环的协作),并且外框架820的心房部分826附近的位置(例如,在图29A中指示为A)可以具有比瓣环部分824附近的刚度值更小的、相同的或更大的刚度值(由虚线指示)。以该方式,外框架组件810在中心瓣环部分814中比在心室部分812处可以在环箍压缩方面相对更顺应。因此,在使用中,假体瓣膜800可以固定地安置在自体心脏瓣膜的瓣环中,同时在能够降低瓣叶870的性能的内瓣膜组件840上施加最小负荷。尽管为了便于说明,图29B中示出的刚性分布包括线性部分,但是在一些实施例中,作为如图所示的线性部分的附加或替代,刚度分布可以包括非线性部分。
类似地,心脏瓣膜800或心脏瓣膜800的某些部分的刚度可以在周向上表现为不同程度的刚度,如图29C和29D所示的刚度分布所示。作为示例,图29C示出了轴向位置A(如图29A中的附图标记‘A’所示)处的周向刚度分布。类似地,图29D示出了在轴向位置B(如图29A中的附图标记‘B’所示)处的周向刚度分布。当分布从原点(指示为‘O’)径向延伸时,刚度值增加。
因此,如图29C中所示,S1(90度)处的刚度大于S2(270度)处的刚度。进一步地,对于该示例,在一些实施例中,从零到180度的周向部分可以表示为具有D形构造的外框架组件810的外框架820的相对平坦部分,并且从180度到360度的周向部分可以表示为具有D形构造的外框架820的相对弯曲部分。
以类似的方式,图29D示出了在轴向位置B(如图29A中的附图标记‘B’所示)处的周向刚度分布。如图所示,轴向位置B具有与轴向位置A不同的刚度分布。如上所述,设计上的这种可变性可以提供心脏瓣膜800的有利定制以及心脏瓣膜800与自体心脏瓣膜的协作。类似于图29C,图29D示出了瓣膜800的一侧的刚度大于瓣膜800的另一侧的刚度。以该方式,在一些情况下,将经受来自于自体心脏瓣环的较大作用力的瓣膜800的部分可以具有比将经受较小或较低作用力的瓣膜800的部分更小的刚度值(例如,更顺应),由此优化假体心脏瓣膜800与自体心脏(特别是自体心脏瓣环区域)的协作。
如上所述,在一些情况下,具有植入的假体心脏瓣膜的患者可能经历由例如假体心脏瓣膜的构造或瓣膜下定位引起的术后LVOT阻塞。下面描述并在图30-35B中示出的是处于膨胀或部署构造的假体心脏瓣膜的各种实施例,其构造成避免、减少或以其他方式限制非期望的LVOT阻塞。为了帮助理解各种假体瓣膜实施例和心脏解剖结构之间的关系,图35A和35B分别在部分横截面侧视图和俯视图中示出了植入心脏的自体二尖瓣环中的示例性假体心脏二尖瓣1400(在本文中也称为“瓣膜”)。假体心脏二尖瓣1400可以在构造和功能上类似于本文所述的任何假体心脏瓣膜。例如,瓣膜1400可以包括外框架1420和内框架1450。因此,在下面未描述关于瓣膜1400的一些细节。应当理解的是,对于未具体讨论的特征和功能,那些特征和功能可以与本文所述的任何瓣膜相同或相似。
如图35A和35B中所示,处于其膨胀或部署构造的假体心脏二尖瓣1400(在本文中也称为“瓣膜”)安置在心脏H的左心室LV和左心房LA之间的自体二尖瓣环NA中。在操作中,左心室LV收缩并且血液从左心室LV经由左心室流出道(LVOT)通过主动脉瓣AV向外流动。这样的血流的路径在图35A中由箭头LVOT示出。当假体心脏瓣膜1400部署并安置在自体二尖瓣环NA中时,如图所示,瓣膜1400的外框架1420的A2段1447(即,瓣膜1400的前侧)对准或安置在自体二尖瓣环的A2前段(在图35A和35B中标记为A2)。此外,如图所示,当瓣膜1400部署并安置在自体二尖瓣环NA中时,瓣膜1400的外框架1420的P2段1449(即,瓣膜1400的后侧)对准或安置在自体二尖瓣环的P2后段(在图35A和35B中标记为P2)。
如图35A中所示,在心脏的操作期间,前侧的自体瓣叶NL1(自体瓣叶NL2在后侧)可以侵入LVOT,该侵入由自体前瓣叶NL1的位置从实线所示的第一位置到虚线所示的第二位置的变化表示,在所述第二位置处瓣叶NL1侵入或阻塞LVOT。
在一个实施例中,假体心脏瓣膜的外框架可以与上述外框架(例如,外框架520)类似地构造,区别在于护套部分相对于外框架的本体部分的竖直轴线以一定角度(例如,小于90度)布置(在本文中也被称为“成角护套结构”,其将在下文中参考图30A-30C更详细地讨论)。以该方式,在使用中,假体心脏瓣膜可以递送并部署到自体心脏(即,安置在心脏的自体瓣环中),使得假体心脏瓣膜的至少一部分布置在心脏的心室中并远离心脏的LVOT定向或定位。因而,成角护套布置可以防止、减少或以其他方式限制LVOT阻塞(或自体瓣叶的侵入)。也就是说,成角护套布置可以提供另外的LVOT间隙。如上所述,植入的假体瓣膜或其一部分可能会导致LVOT阻塞的术后并发症。然而,成角护套布置可以通过限制假体瓣膜在心脏LVOT中的放置来限制或防止LVOT阻塞。
图30A示出了具有成角护套布置的假体心脏瓣膜900的外框架920,并且图30B示出了包括内瓣膜组件940的图30A中所示的假体心脏瓣膜900的示意性侧视横截面图。假体心脏瓣膜900(在本文中也称为“瓣膜”)的构造和功能可以类似于本文所述的任何假体心脏瓣膜(例如,假体心脏瓣膜500)。因此,在下面未描述关于瓣膜900的一些细节。应当理解的是,对于没有具体讨论的特征和功能,那些特征和功能可以与本文所述的任何瓣膜相同或相似。
如图30A中所示,外框架920包括联接部分971、本体部分972和护套部分973。当瓣膜900布置在心脏的自体二尖瓣环内时,护套部分973构造成安置在自体二尖瓣环内并在心脏的心房内延伸,并且本体部分972构造成布置在心脏的心室内。联接部分971构造成联接到内瓣膜组件。在该实施例中,护套部分973相对于竖直轴线A以角度α布置。换句话说,如图30A中所示,护套部分973从瓣膜900的前侧向下倾斜到瓣膜900的后侧。以该方式,当假体心脏瓣膜900植入心脏中时(例如,当护套部分973安置在心脏的自体瓣环中时),护套部分973的角度将使瓣膜900的本体部分972远离心脏的LVOT定向或定位,由此防止、减少或以其他方式限制非期望的LVOT阻塞。
由护套部分973和假体瓣膜900的竖直轴线A限定的角度α可以是构造成用以产生、增加或以其他方式促进LVOT间隙并且限制或防止LVOT阻塞(或者非期望的流出梯度)的任何合适的值。角度α可以是例如锐角。如图30A中所示,角度α约为80度。然而,在其他实施例中,角度α可以例如为约70度至约小于90度。由于LVOT例如取决于患者的特定解剖结构而在患者之间有所变化,因此可以相应地调节角度。
如图30B中所示,由于成角护套布置,外框架920的本体部分972具有不同的长度。更特别地,本体部分972的前部分具有前部长度La1,并且后部分具有相对较小的后部长度Lp1。前部长度La1和后部长度Lp1可以是构造成用以产生、增加或以其他方式促进LVOT间隙并且限制LVOT阻塞或非期望的流出梯度的任何合适的值。在一些情况下,例如,前部长度La1可以为约18mm,并且后部长度Lp1可以为约14mm。由于LVOT例如取决于患者的特定解剖结构而在患者之间有所变化,因此可以相应地调节前部长度La1和后部长度Lp1。
此外,如图30B中所示,当内瓣膜组件940安置在外框架920中时,内瓣膜组件940的心房端部分955从内瓣膜组件940联接到外框架920的位置延伸Li1的长度。也如图30B中所示,在一些实施例中,内瓣膜组件940(例如,图30C中所示的内框架950)可以具有大致平行于外框架920的中心线的中心线。
图30C示出了处于部署或偏压构造的假体心脏瓣膜900(具有成角护套布置)的侧视图,并且为了进行比较,示出了没有成角护套布置的假体心脏瓣膜900'的侧视图。瓣膜900和瓣膜900'都以类似的方式示出了当安置在心脏的自体瓣环(未示出)内时将如何布置每个瓣膜。例如,瓣膜900'的构造和功能可以与假体心脏瓣膜500相似或相同。
正如关于图35A和35B所讨论的那样,在操作中,心脏的左心室(在图30C中未示出)收缩并且血液从左心室经由LVOT通过主动脉瓣向外流动。这样的血流的路径在图30C中由箭头LVOT示出。如图所示,当与瓣膜900'的外框架920'相比时,瓣膜900的外框架920提供附加的LVOT间隙。例如,如图30C中所示,瓣膜900的内框架950的撑杆954布置成与LVOT相距更远并且提供更大的间隙。如通过与瓣膜900'相比所示,瓣膜900的内框架950的撑杆954从瓣膜900'的内框架950'的撑杆954'移位,并且瓣膜900的内框架950的系绳夹持或联接部分944从瓣膜900'的内框架950'的系绳夹持或联接部分944'移位。以该方式,当瓣膜900植入心脏的自体瓣环中时,瓣膜900可以为自体瓣膜(例如,二尖瓣)的A2前段提供间隙,使得可以防止或限制通过主动脉的血流的中断,所述主动脉在解剖结构上位于二尖瓣环的A2段紧后方。
在替代实施例中,假体心脏瓣膜的外框架可以与具有成角护套布置的瓣膜900的外框架920类似地构造,区别在于外框架的本体部分和联接部分具有较短的轮廓(在本文中也称为“短轮廓布置”)。以该方式,当具有较短轮廓的假体心脏瓣膜植入心脏中时(例如,当护套部分安置在心脏的自体瓣环中时),布置在心脏的心室中的外框架的至少一部分(例如,外框架的本体部分和联接部分)定位在心脏的LVOT的外部或基本上远离心脏的LVOT,由此减小非期望的术后LVOT阻塞的可能性。
图31A示出了具有成角护套布置和短轮廓布置的假体心脏瓣膜1000的外框架1020。假体心脏瓣膜1000(在本文中也称为“瓣膜”)的构造和功能可以类似于本文中所述的任何假体心脏瓣膜例如瓣膜900。因此,在下面未描述关于瓣膜1000的一些细节。应当理解的是,对于没有具体讨论的特征和功能,那些特征和功能可以与本文所述的任何瓣膜相同或相似。
如图31A中所示,外框架1000包括联接部分1071、本体部分1072和护套部分1073。护套部分1073相对于竖直轴线A以角度α布置。以该方式,当假体心脏瓣膜1000植入心脏中时(例如,当护套部分1073安置在心脏的自体瓣环中时),瓣膜1000的本体部分1072的短轮廓可以远离心脏的LVOT定向或定位,由此为LVOT提供附加的间隙以防止、减少或以其他方式限制非期望的LVOT阻塞。
如图31A中所示,由于成角护套布置,外框架1020的本体部分1072具有不同的长度。更特别地,本体部分1072的前部分具有前部长度La2,并且本体部分1072的后部分具有相对较小的后部长度Lp2。前部长度La2和后部长度Lp2可以是构造成用以产生、增加或以其他方式促进LVOT间隙并且限制LVOT阻塞或非期望的流出梯度的任何合适的值。在一些情况下,例如,前部长度La2可以为约10mm并且后部长度Lp2可以为约4mm。由于LVOT例如取决于患者的特定解剖结构而在患者之间有所变化,因此可以相应地调节前部长度La2和后部长度Lp2。
图31B和31C示出了包括内瓣膜组件1040的图31A中所示的假体心脏瓣膜1000的示意性透视图和侧视横截面图。当内瓣膜组件1040安置在外框架1020中时,内瓣膜组件1040从内瓣膜组件1040联接到外框架1020的位置延伸长度Li2。与参照瓣膜900以及图30A和30B所描述的实施例相比,瓣膜1000的前部长度La2(参见例如图31A-C)小于瓣膜900的前部长度La1(参见例如图30B),并且瓣膜1000的后部长度Lp2(参见例如图31A-C)小于瓣膜900的后部长度Lp1(参见例如图30B)。然而,内瓣膜组件1040的长度Li2(参见例如图30B和30C)等于内瓣膜组件940的长度Li1(参见例如图30B)。例如,如图30B中所示,当内瓣膜组件940安置并联接到外框架920时,内瓣膜组件940的心房端部分955布置在外框架920的心房端956下方,并且如图31B和31C中所示,当内瓣膜组件1040安置并联接到外框架1020时,内瓣膜组件1040的心房端部分1055在外框架1020的心房端1056的至少一部分上方延伸。因此,当护套部分1073安置在自体瓣环中时,瓣膜1000的内瓣膜组件1040比瓣膜900的内瓣膜组件940更高地安置到心脏的心房中。
在替代实施例中,假体心脏瓣膜可以与本文所述的任何假体心脏瓣膜类似地构造,区别在于假体心脏瓣膜的内瓣膜组件可以相对于假体心脏瓣膜的外框架组件径向地(例如,偏心地)移位。以该方式,当假体心脏瓣膜植入心脏中时(例如,当护套部分安置在心脏的自体瓣环中时),内瓣膜组件和因此通过其中的流体流动路径更远离心脏的LVOT定位,由此减小非期望的术后LVOT阻塞或非期望的流出梯度的可能性。
图32A-32C示出了假体心脏瓣膜1100,其具有(未示出的外框架组件的)外框架1120和联接到外框架1120并从其径向地(例如,偏心地)移位的内瓣膜组件1140。外框架1120包括护套部分1173、本体部分1150和联接部分1171。
假体心脏瓣膜1100(在本文中也称为“瓣膜”)的构造和功能可以类似于本文所述的任何假体心脏瓣膜(例如,瓣膜500)。因此,在下文中描述了关于瓣膜1100的一些细节。应当理解的是,对于没有具体讨论的特征和功能,那些特征和功能可以与本文所述的任何瓣膜相同或相似。
为了便于解释说明,内框架组件1140由实线圆表示。此外,例如,如图32A中所示,外框架1120的联接部分1171的下端形成大致圆形的开口(示出为虚线圆并且由图32A的“O”标识)。径向位移由径向偏移RO表示并且由内框架组件1140和外框架1120的A2段或侧1147上的外框架1120的圆形开口O之间限定的间隙示出。换句话说,内框架1140的中心线从外框架1120的中心线径向偏移。在假体瓣膜(例如,瓣膜500)的先前实施例中,外框架构造成将内瓣膜组件居中地保持在圆形开口O内。在一些实施例中,为了适应如图32A中所示的内瓣膜组件的偏移,外框架可以被修改成使得圆形开口O与内框架组件对准(例如,内框架的中心线和外框架的中心线对准或同轴)。在其他实施例中,内框架能够以适应偏移的方式联接到外框架。
径向位移RO可以是构造成用以产生、增加或以其他方式促进LVOT间隙并限制LVOT阻塞或非期望的流出梯度的任何合适的值(即,距离)。如图32A中所示,内瓣膜组件1140朝着外框架1120的P2段或侧1149(即,后侧)径向偏移,使得当外框架1120安置在自体二尖瓣环中时,内瓣膜组件1140远离LVOT定位。例如,内瓣膜组件1140可以移位到例如与外框架1120的后密封表面Ps一样远(例如,如图32C中所示)。例如,如通过比较图32B和32C所示,内框架1140可以从相对于外框架1120的大致居中位置(如图32B中所示(即,基本上没有径向偏移))移动到外框架1120的后密封表面Ps(如图32C中所示(即,相对于外框架1120径向偏移)),使得在内瓣膜1140的后侧Pi和外框架1120的后密封表面Ps之间限定的间隙G减小(例如,当内瓣膜组件1140移位到与外框架1120的后密封表面Ps一样远时,g=0,使得内瓣膜组件1140的一部分与外框架1120的后侧接触,如图32C中所示)。
通过减小内瓣膜组件的直径,可以进一步增加远离LVOT的位移。这在图32A中示出,其中内框架组件在直径上略小于外框架的开口O。通过进一步减小内瓣膜组件的直径,可以增加对远离LVOT的移位的影响。
在使用中,例如,当假体心脏瓣膜1100植入心脏中时(例如,当护套部分1173安置在心脏的自体二尖瓣环中时),通过内瓣膜组件1140的瓣叶组件(未示出)从左心房到左心室的血流被引导以避免LVOT阻塞或非期望的流出梯度。也就是说,内瓣膜组件1140和外框架1120可以共同构造成用以不间断地管理从心脏的心房到心室的期望血流或以其他方式促进对LVOT的非期望影响。
在另一替代实施例中,假体心脏瓣膜可以与本文所述的任何假体心脏瓣膜类似地构造,区别在于假体心脏瓣膜的内瓣膜组件可以围绕其竖直轴线并且相对于瓣膜的外框架旋转。更具体地,内框架可以旋转,使得外框架的A2段与内瓣膜组件的内框架的连合柱对准而不是与瓣叶的腹部(相邻连合柱之间的瓣叶的每个部分被称为瓣叶的“腹部”)对准和相应地与内瓣膜组件的内框架的腹柱对准。正如以上结合图2A-2C的实施例所讨论的、并且结合图7-18的实施例从图12显而易见的那样,连合柱152位于直径略小于腹柱154的圆上。因此,将内瓣膜定向成使得腹柱(和瓣叶腹部)最靠近LVOT,将最靠近LVOT的内瓣膜本体的部分稍远离LVOT定位。
图33A是具有(未示出的外框架组件的)外框架1220和(未示出的内瓣膜组件的)内框架1250的假体心脏瓣膜1200的俯视图。如图所示,内框架1250联接到外框架1220并且围绕其竖直轴线(即,延伸通过内框架1250的中心线的轴线(参见例如在图33A中标识为“VA”的竖直轴线的俯视图))相对于外框架1220旋转。因而,外框架1220的A2段1247与内框架1250的连合柱1252对准,并且不与瓣叶腹部(其位置由图33A中的“LB”标识)或内框架1250的腹柱1254对准,正如下面更详细地所述。
假体心脏瓣膜1200(在本文中也称为“瓣膜”)的构造和功能可以类似于本文所述的任何假体心脏瓣膜(例如,瓣膜500)。因此,在下面未描述关于瓣膜1200的一些细节。应当理解的是,对于没有具体讨论的特征和功能,那些特征和功能可以与本文所述的任何瓣膜相同或相似。
如图33A中所示,瓣膜1200的外框架1220包括A2段1247和P2段1249。内框架1250包括由镍钛诺(Nitinol)丝制成的内丝框结构,其支撑被缝合到内框架1250的瓣叶(未示出)并且用作瓣膜。内框架1250包括在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部1202的三个主U形丝部件1207(参见图33A)。假体瓣叶(未示出)缝合到这些部件以形成铰接瓣叶,由此构建并用作假体瓣膜(例如,假体二尖瓣)。内框架1250也包括三个连合柱1252-1、1252-2、1252-3以及三个腹柱1254-1、1254-2、1254-3(如图33A和33B中所示)。
例如,如图33A中所示,内框架1250和外框架1220相对于彼此定位/定向成使得外框架1220的A2段1247的中心部分CP与内框架1250的连合柱1252-1对准。此外,连合柱1252-1的每一侧上的腹柱1254-1和1254-2与外框架1220的A2段1247的中心部分CP不对准。换句话说,外框架1220的连合柱1252-1的每一侧上的腹柱1254-1和1254-2相对于水平轴线B(其穿过A2段1247的中心部分CP)以角度β布置,如图33A中所示。在该实施例中,角度β约为60度。在替代实施例中,角度β可以是构造成将内框架定位到外框架以使得腹柱1254-1和1254-2与外框架的A2段的中心部分CP不对准的任何合适的值。
图33B示出了内框架1250的仰视图以进一步示出内框架1250相对于外框架1220的A2段1247的位置。如图33B中所示,腹柱1254-1、1254-2、1254-3限定出外周边或圆CPC并且连合柱1252-1、1252-2、1252-3均布置在圆CPC内,使得空间SP被限定在圆CPC和每一个连合柱1252-1、1252-2、1252-3之间。当假体瓣膜1200安置在心脏的自体瓣环中时,连合柱1252-1和外框架1250的A2段的中心部分CP之间的空间SP为LVOT提供附加的间隙。
在另一替代实施例中,假体心脏瓣膜可以与本文所述的任何假体心脏瓣膜相似地构造,区别在于当内瓣膜组件和外瓣膜组件彼此联接并且处于其部署或偏压构造时,与外框架的A2段对准的内框架的柱(连合柱或腹柱)被径向压缩(或推入)(例如,约2-3mm)。以该方式,当假体心脏瓣膜植入心脏中时(例如,当护套部分安置在心脏的自体瓣环中时),最靠近LVOT的内瓣膜组件的部分(即,内框架的压缩或推入柱)更远离LVOT,并且因此为心脏的LVOT提供更多的间隙。下面描述这样的实施例的示例。
图34A和34B示出了假体瓣膜的实施例,其中待定位在二尖瓣环的前侧上的假体瓣膜的部分可以形成或成型为实现LVOT的附加间隙。例如,图34A示出了处于其部署或偏压构造的假体心脏瓣膜1300,其中对准并联接到外框架1320的A2段1347的假体心脏瓣膜的内框架1350的撑杆1354(例如,腹柱)垂直于外框架1320的角部(当在图34A的侧视图中观察时)进行移位(例如,压缩或压入)。图34B示出了用于与其未移位的内框架的撑杆1354'(对应于图34A中的撑杆1354)相比较的假体心脏瓣膜。
假体心脏瓣膜1300(在本文中也称为“瓣膜”)的构造和功能可以类似于本文所述的任何假体心脏瓣膜(例如,瓣膜500)。因此,在下面未描述关于瓣膜1300的一些细节。应当理解的是,对于没有具体讨论的特征和功能,那些特征和功能可以与本文所述的任何瓣膜相同或相似。
如图34A中所示,假体心脏瓣膜1300具有内框架1350和联接到内框架1350的外框架1320。内框架1350包括在其敞开端部处联结以形成接合部1302的三个主U形丝部件1307。假体瓣叶(未示出)缝合到这些部件以形成铰接瓣叶,由此构建并用作假体瓣膜(例如,假体二尖瓣)。在该示例性实施例中,与外框架1320的A2段1347对准的内框架1350的撑杆1354布置在垂直于外框架1320的角部的移位位置。为了便于解释说明,图34A示出(并且部分放大了)撑杆1354在方向P上从第一位置(由虚线曲线示出)到第二位置(如撑杆1354在瓣膜1300内的实际位置所示)的移位。以该方式,当假体心脏瓣膜1300植入心脏中时(例如,当护套部分安置在心脏的自体瓣环中时),防止或限制内框架1350阻断LVOT。换句话说,如上所述,有利的是将瓣膜1300布置在远离自体瓣膜(例如,二尖瓣)的A2前段的位置处以防止通过主动脉的血流中断,所述主动脉在解剖结构上位于二尖瓣环的A2段紧后方。为了实现撑杆1354的移位,可以形成/构造瓣膜并且然后可以通过在垂直方向上压缩或推动撑杆来移位撑杆1354,如上所述。替代地,假体瓣膜1300可以形成/构造有撑杆,所述撑杆构造成在瓣膜的A2侧上提供期望的间隙。撑杆1354可以被压入(或热定形)任何合适的距离,所述距离构造成使撑杆避开以免导致LVOT阻塞,同时为内瓣膜组件提供适当的结构支撑并且不中断内瓣膜组件的功能。在一些实施例中,例如,撑杆可以被压入或偏移约2-3mm。
尽管上面已经描述了各种实施例,但是应当理解,它们仅作为示例给出而并不是限制性的,并且因此可以进行形式和/或细节上的各种改变。本文所述的装置和/或方法的任何部分能够以任何合适的组合方式进行组合,除非另有明确表述。在上述方法和/或示意图指明了某些事件以某种顺序发生的情况下,可以修改某些事件和/或流程模式的排序。另外,某些事件在可行的情况下可以在并行处理中同时执行,也可以顺序地执行。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于置换自体心脏瓣膜的假体心脏瓣膜,其包括:
外框架组件,所述外框架组件包括外框架,所述外框架在外框架的心房端具有构造成至少部分地布置在心脏的心房内的护套部分,并且所述外框架具有构造成布置在心脏的心室中的本体部分,
所述本体部分具有后侧和相对的前侧,所述前侧的最大高度大于所述后侧的最大高度,使得当所述假体心脏瓣膜处于偏压构造时,所述外框架的护套部分相对于所述外框架的本体部分的竖直轴线成锐角布置;以及
内瓣膜组件,所述内瓣膜组件布置在所述外框架组件内并联接到所述外框架组件,所述内瓣膜组件包括内框架,所述内框架具有心房端和心室端,并且当所述假体心脏瓣膜处于偏压构造时所述内框架的中心线大致平行于所述外框架的中心线,所述内瓣膜组件包括被支撑在所述内框架上的瓣叶组件,
其中,当所述假体心脏瓣膜被植入自体心脏瓣膜中时,所述本体部分的前侧构造成定位在自体心脏瓣膜的前段。
2.根据权利要求1所述的假体心脏瓣膜,其中:
所述内框架具有在所述内框架的心房端和所述内框架联接到所述外框架的位置之间限定的最大高度,所述内框架的最大高度大于所述外框架的本体部分的最大高度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的假体心脏瓣膜,其中:
所述内框架具有在所述内框架的心房端和所述内框架联接到所述外框架的位置之间限定的最大高度,所述内框架的最大高度小于所述外框架的最大高度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的假体心脏瓣膜,其中:
所述内框架具有在所述内框架的心房端和所述内框架联接到所述外框架的位置之间限定的最大高度,所述内框架的最大高度大于所述外框架的最小高度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的假体心脏瓣膜,其中:
所述内框架具有在所述内框架的心房端和所述内框架联接到所述外框架的位置之间限定的最大高度,所述内框架的最大高度大于所述外框架的最小高度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的假体心脏瓣膜,其中所述外框架具有后侧和相对的前侧,所述外框架的前侧的最大高度大于所述外框架的后侧的最大高度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的假体心脏瓣膜,其中所述锐角大于70度且小于90度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的假体心脏瓣膜,其中当所述内框架安置在所述外框架内并且联接到所述外框架时,所述内框架的心房端设置在所述外框架的心房端下方。
9.根据权利要求1所述的假体心脏瓣膜,其中当所述内框架安置在所述外框架内并且联接到所述外框架时,所述内框架的心房端在所述外框架的心房端的至少一部分上方延伸。
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