CN108425804B - Low-wind-speed vertical axis wind turbine and control method thereof - Google Patents
Low-wind-speed vertical axis wind turbine and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108425804B CN108425804B CN201810315358.1A CN201810315358A CN108425804B CN 108425804 B CN108425804 B CN 108425804B CN 201810315358 A CN201810315358 A CN 201810315358A CN 108425804 B CN108425804 B CN 108425804B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-wind-speed vertical axis wind turbine and a control method thereof, belonging to the field of wind power. The wind power generator includes: the wind turbine comprises a stator, a rotor, an electromagnetic system, a shell, an upper end bearing, a lower end bearing, a bearing bracket, a rotating shaft, a wind collecting driving system and an electromagnetic control system. The stator comprises a stator core and three-phase windings, and is fixed with the shell; the rotor comprises a rotor core and a permanent magnet, is positioned on the radial inner side of the stator and is fixed with the rotating shaft; the electromagnetic system comprises a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, and the permanent magnet and the electromagnet are oppositely arranged in the upper-lower axial direction; the wind collecting driving system comprises a transverse bracket and blades, and the transverse bracket is fixed with the rotating shaft; the electromagnetic control system obtains the exciting current given value of the electromagnet through the difference between the axial resultant force set value and the axial resultant force real-time measured value, so as to control the rotary damping and ensure the stable power generation of the engine. The invention has simple structure, simple and convenient control, convenient installation and maintenance and high wind energy utilization rate, and can realize low wind speed starting and high power output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind driven generator, in particular to a low-wind-speed vertical axis wind driven generator and a control method thereof, and belongs to the field of wind power.
Background
At present, a horizontal axis wind driven generator is taken as a main stream product of a high-power wind driven generator. However, the horizontal axis wind driven generator has inherent defects of low wind and wind energy utilization rate, complex and difficult control, invariable installation, high cost and the like which need yaw, and the healthy development of the horizontal axis wind driven generator is affected.
The vertical axis wind driven generator can overcome the defects, does not need to wind, has the advantages of higher wind energy utilization rate, simple control, simple installation and the like, and is applied to the vertical axis wind driven generator with medium and small power level.
However, the existing vertical axis wind driven generator has low power level, and the newly developed magnetic levitation vertical axis wind driven generator has complex structure, large control difficulty and small wind collecting area, and limits the utilization of wind energy, so that the generator is heavy, low in power and high in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the invention is that: aiming at the defects or shortcomings in the prior art, the high-power low-wind-speed vertical-axis wind turbine is simple in structure, convenient to control and high in efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a low wind speed vertical axis wind turbine, comprising: the wind turbine comprises a stator, a rotor, an electromagnetic system, a shell, an upper end bearing, a lower end bearing, a rotating shaft, a bearing bracket, a wind collecting driving system and an electromagnetic control system.
The stator comprises a stator iron core and a stator three-phase winding, and is fixedly arranged on the shell; the rotor is an inner rotor and comprises a rotor core and a permanent magnet, and is positioned on the radial inner side of the stator and fixed with the rotating shaft; a fixed working air gap is provided between the stator and the rotor.
The electromagnetic system comprises a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, which are oppositely arranged in the upper and lower axial directions, and a fixed working air gap is arranged between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet; the permanent magnet is a disc-type permanent magnet and is fixed with the rotating shaft; the electromagnet consists of a winding and a disc-type iron core, the winding is a direct-current excitation winding, and the disc-type iron core is fixed with the bearing bracket; the bearing bracket is fixed with the bottom of the shell; the rotating shaft is positioned above the bearing support, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft is kept in contact with the bearing support.
The upper end bearing is fixed with the top of the shell; the lower end bearing is positioned at the lower end of the rotating shaft and is fixed with the bearing bracket; the upper end bearing and the lower end bearing are sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft and keep radial gaps with the rotating shaft;
the wind collecting driving system comprises a first wind collecting system and a second wind collecting system; the first wind collecting system comprises three groups and more than three groups of components, the components are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft, each group of components comprises 1 first blade and 1 first transverse bracket, one end of each first transverse bracket is fixed with the rotating shaft, and the other end of each first transverse bracket is fixed with the first blade; the second wind collecting system is located at the top end of the rotating shaft and comprises three groups of components and more than three groups of components, the components are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft, each group of components comprises 1 second blade and 1 second transverse bracket, one end of each second transverse bracket is fixed with the rotating shaft, and the other end of each second transverse bracket is fixed with each second blade.
The electromagnetic control system comprises a wind speed sensor, a weighing sensor and a converter; the weighing sensor is fixed with the bottom of the shell and is positioned right below the rotating shaft; the current transformer is a DC/DC converter and is connected with the electromagnet winding.
The stator, an electromagnet in the electromagnetic system, a shell, an upper end bearing, a lower end bearing, a bearing bracket and an electromagnetic control system form a static part of the generator; the rotor, the permanent magnet in the electromagnetic system, the rotating shaft and the wind collecting driving system form a rotating part of the generator, and the rotating part is called a rotating object for short.
The control method of the low-wind-speed vertical-axis wind turbine comprises the following steps:
step 1, starting preparation: when the wind speed measured by the wind speed sensor is within the range from the cut-in wind speed to the rated wind speed, according to the gravity mg of the rotating object in the stop state measured by the weighing sensor, obtaining an initial exciting current given value i of the electromagnet winding through an initial exciting current calculation module of the electromagnet winding 0 * The initial exciting current is given a value i 0 * Obtaining the initial excitation electricity of the electromagnet winding through the current transformerStream i 0 When the electromagnet winding is supplied with an initial exciting current i 0 After that, the electromagnet generates the same magnetic pole polarity as the permanent magnet, so that the rotating object will be subjected to an upward electromagnetic repulsive force f e The value measured by the weighing sensor is the axial resultant force F acting on the rotating object;
step 2, starting: setting the axial resultant force to F ref The difference between the measured axial resultant force F and the measured axial resultant force F is controlled by an algorithm regulator to obtain the exciting current given value i of the electromagnet winding * The given value i is set * The exciting current i of the electromagnet winding is obtained through the current transformer, so that the resultant force F of the rotating object in the axial direction is equal to the set value F ref The rotor rotates under the action of wind power to enable the engine to generate electricity; at this stage, let F ref ＝0；
Step 3, maintaining output rated power: when the wind speed sensor detects that the wind speed is in the range from the rated wind speed to the cut-out wind speed, the axial resultant force set value F is changed according to the wind speed ref The output current of the converter is regulated, proper rotation damping moment is kept, and the rotor rotating speed is reduced by matching with the side converter of the generator, so that the output power of the generator is kept at the rated power of the generator;
step 4, stopping braking: when the wind speed sensor detects that the wind speed is larger than the cut-out wind speed and stops, current in the opposite direction to the previous direction is fed to the electromagnet winding, so that the electromagnet generates magnetic pole polarity opposite to the permanent magnet, the rotating object is subjected to downward electromagnetic attraction, the rotation damping moment is greatly increased, the rotating object rotation speed is reduced until zero, and braking is realized.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) Because of having two or more sets of wind-collecting driving systems, electromagnetic system makes the axial resultant force of whole rotating part can be zero when the operation simultaneously, can realize low wind speed start-up for wind energy utilization ratio is higher, realizes high-power output.
2) The electromagnetic force and the direction are changed by adjusting the exciting current of the electromagnet and controlling the direction of the exciting current, so that the rotary damping is flexibly adjusted, the safe and stable operation of the system can be ensured, and the rapid and stable braking of the system can be realized.
3) The control is simple, and the installation and maintenance are simple and convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low wind speed vertical axis wind turbine according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural illustration and a schematic mechanical analysis illustration of an electromagnetic system of the low wind speed vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the electromagnetic control system of the low wind speed vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention.
Reference numerals in the drawings: 1-stator, 2-rotor, 3-permanent magnet, 4-electromagnet, 5-weighing sensor, 6-shell, 7-upper end bearing, 8-lower end bearing, 9-bearing bracket, 10-rotating shaft, 11-first wind collecting system, 12-second wind collecting system, 41-electromagnet winding, 42-electromagnet core, 51-converter, 52-electromagnet winding initial exciting current given value calculating module, 53-control algorithm regulator, 111-first blade, 112-first transverse bracket, 121-second blade, 122-second transverse bracket.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a low wind speed vertical axis wind turbine of the present invention includes: the wind turbine comprises a stator 1, a rotor 2, an electromagnetic system, a shell 6, an upper end bearing 7, a lower end bearing 8, a rotating shaft 10, a bearing bracket 9, a wind-collecting driving system and an electromagnetic control system.
As shown in fig. 1, a stator 1 comprises a stator core and a stator three-phase winding, the stator three-phase winding is fixedly arranged on a shell 6, and the stator three-phase winding is connected with a machine side converter of a generator; the rotor 2 is an inner rotor, comprises a rotor core and permanent magnets, is positioned on the radial inner side of the stator 1, and is fixed with the rotating shaft 10; a fixed working air gap is provided between the stator 1 and the rotor 2. The stator 1 and the rotor 2 form a vertical radial magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous generator.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electromagnetic system comprises a permanent magnet 3 and an electromagnet 4 which are axially opposite to each other up and down and have a fixed working air gap; the permanent magnet 3 is a disc-type permanent magnet and is fixed with the rotating shaft 10; the electromagnet 4 consists of a winding 41 and a disc-type iron core 42, wherein the winding 41 is a direct-current excitation winding, and the disc-type iron core 42 is fixed with the bearing bracket 9; the bearing bracket 9 is fixed with the bottom of the shell 6; the rotating shaft 10 is positioned above the bearing support 9, and the bottom end of the rotating shaft 10 is kept in contact with the bearing support 9.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper end bearing 7 is fixed to the top of the housing 6; the lower end bearing 8 is positioned at the lower end of the rotating shaft 10 and is fixed with the bearing bracket 9; the upper end bearing 7 and the lower end bearing 8 are sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft 10, and a radial gap is kept between the upper end bearing and the rotating shaft 10.
As shown in fig. 1, the wind-collecting driving system comprises a first wind-collecting system 11 and a second wind-collecting system 12; the first wind collecting system 11 comprises three groups and more than three groups of components, wherein the three groups of components are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft 10, each group of components comprises 1 first blade 111 and 1 first transverse bracket 112, one end of the first transverse bracket 112 is fixed with the rotating shaft 10, and the other end of the first transverse bracket 112 is fixed with the first blade 111; the second wind collecting system 12 is located at the top end of the rotating shaft 10, and comprises three groups of components and more than three groups of components, wherein the components are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft 10, each group of components comprises 1 second blade 121 and 1 second transverse bracket 122, one end of the second transverse bracket 122 is fixed with the rotating shaft 10, and the other end of the second transverse bracket 122 is fixed with the second blade 121. As a special case, if the generator power is small, the wind-collecting driving system can only adopt one wind-collecting system; if the generator is very powerful, the wind-harvesting drive system may employ several first wind-harvesting systems.
As shown in fig. 3, the electromagnetic control system comprises a wind speed sensor, a weighing sensor 5, a converter 51, an electromagnet winding initial exciting current given value calculating module 52 and a control algorithm regulator 53 (such as a PID regulator); the weighing sensor 5 is fixed with the bottom of the shell 6 and is positioned right below the rotating shaft 10 and used for measuring resultant force of a rotating object in the axial direction; the current transformer 51 is a DC/DC converter, and its output is connected to the electromagnet winding 41. The input end of the electromagnet winding initial exciting current set value calculating module 52 is connected with the output of the weighing sensor 5, and the output end of the calculating module 52 is connected with the converter 51; setting value F of axial resultant force of rotating object ref The difference between the output of the weighing sensor 5 and the output of the control algorithm regulator 53 is input, and the output end of the control algorithm regulator 53 is connected with the converter 51.
As shown in fig. 1, a stator 1, an electromagnet 4, a housing 6, an upper end bearing 7, a lower end bearing 8, a load-bearing bracket 9 and an electromagnetic control system form a static part of the generator, and a rotor 2, a permanent magnet 3, a rotating shaft 10 and a wind collecting driving system form a rotating part (rotating object for short) of the generator.
The control method of the low-wind-speed vertical-axis wind turbine comprises the following specific steps:
1) Starting preparation: as shown in fig. 3, when the wind speed measured by the wind speed sensor is within the range from the cut-in wind speed to the rated wind speed, the initial exciting current given value i of the electromagnet winding 41 is obtained by the electromagnet winding initial exciting current calculation module 52 according to the gravity mg of the rotating object in the stop state measured by the weighing sensor 5 0 * The initial exciting current is given a value i 0 * Obtaining initial exciting current i of electromagnet winding 41 through current transformer 51 0 When the electromagnet winding 41 is supplied with the initial exciting current i 0 Afterwards, the electromagnet 4 is made to generate the same magnetic pole polarity as the permanent magnet 3, for example, if the permanent magnet 3 is N-pole, the electromagnet 4 is made to generate N-pole; if the permanent magnet 3 is an S pole, the electromagnet 4 generates an S pole; the rotating object will be subjected to an upward electromagnetic repulsive force f e The value measured by the load cell 5 is the resultant force F in the axial direction acting on the rotating object, and f=mg-F e 。
Wherein, the initial exciting current given value i of the electromagnet winding initial exciting current calculating module 52 0 * The calculation method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, the electromagnetic repulsive force f generated by the electromagnet 4 e The method comprises the following steps:
wherein mu is 0 Is vacuum magnetic permeability, N is the number of turns of the electromagnet winding 41, S is the effective area of the magnetic pole surface of the electromagnet core 42Delta is the length of the working air gap between the electromagnet 4 and the permanent magnet 3.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the electromagnetic repulsive force f e Is opposite to the direction of gravity mg of the rotator. If the electromagnetic attraction and repulsion force is equal to the gravity of the rotating object, the resultant force of the rotating object in the axial direction is zero, so that no friction force exists in the rotating process, and no rotation damping exists, and the low wind speed starting can be realized.
And (3) making:
f e ＝mg (2)
substituting formula (1) into formula (2) can calculate i 0 * The method comprises the following steps:
2) Starting: setting value F of resultant force F of axial direction ref The difference between the measured axial resultant force F and the measured axial resultant force F measured by the weighing sensor 5 in real time is controlled by an algorithm regulator 53 (such as a PID regulator) to obtain the excitation current given value i of the electromagnet winding 41 * The given value i is set * The exciting current i of the electromagnet winding 41 is obtained through the current transformer 51, so that the axial resultant force F of the rotating object is equal to the set value F ref The rotor 2 rotates under the action of wind power to enable the engine to generate electricity; at this stage, let F ref =0, i.e. the magnitude of the exciting current i of the electromagnet winding 41 is adjusted such that the electromagnetic repulsive force f e When the total axial force F measured by the weighing sensor 5 in real time is zero, the force acting on the bearing bracket 9 by the rotating shaft 10 is zero, so that the friction force between the rotating shaft 10 and the bearing bracket 9 is zero, and no rotary damping exists, the rotor 2 can rotate at extremely low wind speed, and low wind speed starting power generation is realized.
3) Maintaining the output rated power: when the wind speed sensor detects that the wind speed is in the range from the rated wind speed to the cut-out wind speed, the axial resultant force set value F is changed according to the wind speed ref To regulate the output current of the current transformer 51 so that the axial resultant force F is greater than zero, which means that the force of the rotating shaft 10 acting on the load-bearing support 9 is greater than zero, thereby increasing the friction between the rotating shaft 10 and the load-bearing support 9To maintain a proper rotational damping moment, and simultaneously, to cooperate with a machine side converter of the generator, the rotational speed of the rotor 2 is reduced, so that the output power of the generator is maintained at its rated power.
4) Stopping and braking: when the wind speed sensor detects that the wind speed is greater than the cut-out wind speed, or when the wind speed sensor is stopped, current in the opposite direction to the previous direction is supplied to the electromagnet winding 41, the electromagnet 4 generates magnetic pole polarity opposite to the permanent magnet 3 (for example, if the permanent magnet 3 is N pole, the electromagnet 4 generates S pole, if the permanent magnet 3 is S pole, the electromagnet 4 generates N pole), so that the rotating object receives a downward electromagnetic suction force, at the moment, the axial resultant force F is equal to the sum of the gravity mg and the electromagnetic suction force of the rotating object, the axial resultant force F is greatly increased, which means that the force of the rotating shaft 10 acting on the bearing bracket 9 is greatly increased, the friction force between the rotating shaft 10 and the bearing bracket 9 is greatly increased, the rotation damping moment is also greatly increased, the rotating speed of the rotating object is reduced until the rotating object is zero, and braking is realized.
The electromagnetic control system is controlled by the axial resultant force setting value F ref The difference between the measured axial resultant force F and the measured axial resultant force F is controlled by the exciting current set value of the electromagnetic winding output by a control algorithm regulator (such as a PID regulator or a self-adaptive regulator) to control the exciting current of the electromagnetic winding, thereby realizing the closed-loop control of electromagnetic force and further ensuring that the low-wind-speed vertical-axis wind driven generator of the invention realizes low-wind-speed starting and stable running.
Claims (2)
1. A low wind speed vertical axis wind turbine is characterized in that: comprising the following steps: the wind collecting device comprises a stator (1), a rotor (2), an electromagnetic system, a shell (6), an upper end bearing (7), a lower end bearing (8), a bearing bracket (9), a rotating shaft (10), a wind collecting driving system and an electromagnetic control system;
the stator (1) comprises a stator iron core and a stator three-phase winding, and is fixedly arranged on the shell (6); the rotor (2) is an inner rotor and comprises a rotor core and a permanent magnet, is positioned on the radial inner side of the stator (1) and is fixed with the rotating shaft (10); a fixed working air gap is arranged between the stator (1) and the rotor (2);
the electromagnetic system comprises a permanent magnet (3) and an electromagnet (4), which are oppositely arranged in the vertical axial direction, and a fixed working air gap is arranged between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet; the permanent magnet (3) is a disc-type permanent magnet and is fixed with the rotating shaft (10); the electromagnet (4) consists of a winding (41) and a disc-type iron core (42), the winding (41) is a direct-current excitation winding, and the disc-type iron core (42) is fixed with the bearing bracket (9); the bearing bracket (9) is fixed with the bottom of the shell (6); the rotating shaft (10) is positioned above the bearing support (9), and the bottom end of the rotating shaft (10) is kept in contact with the bearing support (9);
the upper end bearing (7) is fixed with the top of the shell (6); the lower end bearing (8) is positioned at the lower end of the rotating shaft (10) and is fixed with the bearing bracket (9); the upper end bearing (7) and the lower end bearing (8) are sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft (10) and keep radial gaps with the rotating shaft (10);
the wind collecting driving system comprises a first wind collecting system (11) and a second wind collecting system (12); the first wind collecting system (11) comprises three groups and more than three groups of components, the three groups of components are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft (10), each group of components comprises 1 first blade (111) and 1 first transverse bracket (112), one end of each first transverse bracket (112) is fixed with the rotating shaft (10), and the other end of each first transverse bracket is fixed with each first blade (111); the second wind collecting system (12) is positioned at the top end of the rotating shaft (10) and comprises three groups of components and more than three groups of components, the components are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft (10), each group of components comprises 1 second blade (121) and 1 second transverse bracket (122), one end of the second transverse bracket (122) is fixed with the rotating shaft (10), and the other end of the second transverse bracket is fixed with the second blade (121);
the electromagnetic control system comprises a wind speed sensor, a weighing sensor (5) and a converter (51); the weighing sensor (5) is fixed with the bottom of the shell (6) and is positioned right below the rotating shaft (10); the current transformer (51) is a DC/DC converter and is connected with the winding (41) of the electromagnet (4);
the stator (1), an electromagnet (4) in the electromagnetic system, the shell (6), the upper end bearing (7), the lower end bearing (8), the bearing bracket (9) and the electromagnetic control system form a static part of the generator; the rotor (2), the permanent magnet (3) in the electromagnetic system, the rotating shaft (10) and the wind collecting driving system form a rotating part of the generator, and the rotating part is called a rotating object for short.
2. A control method of a low wind speed vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, starting preparation: when the wind speed measured by the wind speed sensor is within the range from the cut-in wind speed to the rated wind speed, according to the gravity mg of the rotating object in the stop state measured by the weighing sensor (5), obtaining an initial exciting current given value i of the electromagnet winding (41) through an electromagnet winding initial exciting current calculation module (52) 0 * The initial exciting current is given a value i 0 * Obtaining an initial exciting current i of the electromagnet winding (41) through the current transformer (51) 0 When the electromagnet winding (41) is supplied with an initial exciting current i 0 Then, the electromagnet (4) generates the same magnetic pole polarity as the permanent magnet (3), and the rotating object is subjected to an upward electromagnetic repulsive force f e The value measured by the load cell (5) is the axial resultant force F acting on the rotating object;
step 2, starting: setting the axial resultant force to F ref The difference between the measured axial resultant force F and the measured axial resultant force F measured by the weighing sensor (5) in real time passes through a control algorithm regulator (53) to obtain an excitation current given value i of the electromagnet winding (41) * The given value i is set * The exciting current i of the electromagnet winding (41) is obtained through the current transformer (51) so that the resultant force F of the rotating object in the axial direction is equal to the set value F ref The rotor (2) rotates under the action of wind power to enable the engine to generate electricity; at this stage, let F ref ＝0；
Step 3, maintaining output rated power: when the wind speed sensor detects that the wind speed is in the range from the rated wind speed to the cut-out wind speed, the axial resultant force set value F is changed according to the wind speed ref To regulate the output current of the converter (51), to maintain a suitable rotational damping torque, to reduce the rotational speed of the rotor (2) in cooperation with the generator-side converter, so that the generator output power is maintained at its rated power;
step 4, stopping braking: when the wind speed sensor detects that the wind speed is larger than the cut-out wind speed and stops, current in the direction opposite to the previous direction is fed into the electromagnet winding (41), the electromagnet (4) generates magnetic pole polarity opposite to the permanent magnet (3), the rotating object is subjected to downward electromagnetic attraction, the rotation damping moment is greatly increased, the rotating object rotation speed is reduced until zero, and braking is achieved.
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| CN201810315358.1A CN108425804B (en) | 2018-04-10 | 2018-04-10 | Low-wind-speed vertical axis wind turbine and control method thereof |
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| CN201810315358.1A CN108425804B (en) | 2018-04-10 | 2018-04-10 | Low-wind-speed vertical axis wind turbine and control method thereof |
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| CN108425804B true CN108425804B (en) | 2024-01-19 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109306934A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-05 | 曲阜师范大学 | Low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines and its control method |
| CN109236572B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2024-05-24 | 张洁 | Low-wind-speed high-power magnetic suspension vertical axis wind turbine generator and control method thereof |
| CN111441912B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-11-19 | 中广核如东海上风力发电有限公司 | Vertical axis wind turbine with overload protection function |
| CN114301206B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-11-03 | 王勇 | Disk-type driving motor |
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