CN108411160A - Self-lubricating bearing and preparation method thereof with adaptive characteristic - Google Patents
Self-lubricating bearing and preparation method thereof with adaptive characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN108411160A CN108411160A CN201810265535.XA CN201810265535A CN108411160A CN 108411160 A CN108411160 A CN 108411160A CN 201810265535 A CN201810265535 A CN 201810265535A CN 108411160 A CN108411160 A CN 108411160A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/007—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
- F16C33/104—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing in a porous body, e.g. oil impregnated sintered sleeve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/128—Porous bearings, e.g. bushes of sintered alloy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
- F16C33/145—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in of sintered porous bearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention proposes self-lubricating bearing and preparation method thereof.The self-lubricating bearing includes：Bearing body；And cavernous structure, the cavernous structure be scattered in the bearing body, and the cavernous structure is at least partly filled by lubricant, wherein the material of the bearing body includes titanium and nickel.The self-lubricating bearing of the present invention has the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, is suitable for scale application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Material Fields.In particular it relates to self-lubricating bearing and its system with adaptive characteristic
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Bearing directly restricts the hair of entire Grand Equipments technology as the core component for constituting kinematic pair, service life
Exhibition, is directly related to the high-efficient development of national economy.The lubrication problem of Bearing inner is the key factor for influencing its service life, commonly
Bearing usually needs to ensure its lubricant effect by complicated mating oil supply system, and oil contained self lubrication bearing can utilize it more
Self-lubricating System of the immersion oil characteristic structure containing micro- store function of hole base material, when can be long in the case of external not fuel feeding
Between work.Self-lubricating bearing has many advantages, such as that noise is low, size is small, cheap, easy to maintain, is particularly suitable for fuel feeding difficulty
With the occasion for avoiding lubricant contamination, having become the industries such as office equipment, precision machinery, automobile, household electrical appliances, stereo set can not
A kind of fundamental parts lacked.In recent years, the annual production self-lubricating bearing in China becomes self-lubricating axis already hundred million about more than 20
The big producer held, but the production technology level of China's metal sintering self-lubricating bearing is still very low, and many enterprises still use
Be later stage the 1950s technology.And with the continuous development of China's economy, the demand to self-lubricating bearing persistently increases
Length, the especially demand to high quality, highly reliable self-lubricating bearing.
Invention content
The present invention is directed to solve at least one the technical problems existing in the prior art at least to a certain extent.
It should be noted that the present invention is the following discovery based on inventor and completes：
Self-lubricating bearing such as can be rubbed, be worn, being impacted, being corroded at collective effects, therefore its base material at work
Must have good mechanical property (intensity, hardness, wearability) and corrosion-resistant, high damping properties.Existing self-lubricating bearing material
Material mainly uses：1) iron-based, such as bearing steel have good mechanical property and certain corrosion resistance, but its shock absorption
It can be weaker；2) copper-based, such as copper-tin alloy, there is good Wear vesistance and certain mechanical property, but its corrosion resistance compared with
Difference；3) aluminium base, due to having many advantages, such as smaller density, higher intensity and hardness, being used to gradually substitute in recent years has oil
And the Cu-base composites under the conditions of oil-free, but the antifriction quality of aluminium and wearability are poor, and surface holds in process of friction and wear
Cold bonding easily occurs and welds phenomenon.
In view of this, inventor creatively has found, using Nitinol as bearing body material, round trip can be generated
Shape memory effect, to assign bearing body adaptive characteristic, cavernous structure thereon can expand with the variation of temperature
It opens or shrinks, to discharge or store the lubricant in cavernous structure, reach self-lubricating effect.Also, Nitinol is taken into account
Metal and ceramics excellent properties so that self-lubricating bearing of the invention have high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and
The features such as super-elasticity, more particularly to avoid the occurrence of the problem of causing bearing material to fail by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
For this purpose, in one aspect of the invention, the present invention proposes a kind of self-lubricating bearing and includes：Bearing body；And
Cavernous structure, the cavernous structure be scattered in the bearing body, and the cavernous structure is at least partly filled out by lubricant
It fills, wherein the material of the bearing body includes titanium and nickel.Inventor, can using Nitinol as bearing body material
Double process shape-memory effect is generated, to assign bearing body adaptive characteristic, cavernous structure thereon can be with the change of temperature
Change generation expansion or shrink, to discharge or store the lubricant in cavernous structure, reaches self-lubricating effect.Also, NiTi
Alloy take into account metal and ceramics excellent properties so that self-lubricating bearing of the invention have high-mechanic, it is wear-resistant, anticorrosive,
The features such as high-damping and super-elasticity, causes bearing material to lose more particularly to avoid the occurrence of by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure
The problem of effect.
According to an embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned self-lubricating bearing can also have following additional technical feature：
According to an embodiment of the invention, the material of the bearing body includes：The titanium of 45~50 atom %；And surplus
Nickel.As a result, to further increase adaptivity, load, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the elasticity of self-lubricating bearing.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the surface Vickers hardness of the self-lubricating bearing is 30~500HV, and tensile strength is
120~600MPa, compression strength are 160~1300MPa, and porosity is 5~45%.As a result, it is according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention from
Lubricating bearing has preferable adaptivity, and has the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, especially
It can avoid the occurrence of the problem of causing bearing material to fail by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to an embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing rises to 80~120 DEG C by room temperature, the hole
The varying aperture rate of shape structure is 0.9~1.2%.Self-lubricating bearing according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention has preferably certainly as a result,
Adaptability, and have the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, more particularly to avoid the occurrence of by corruption
The problem of erosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure cause bearing material to fail.
According to an embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is 80~120 DEG C, the cavernous structure axis
To contraction so that at least partly lubricant in the cavernous structure is extruded.Self-lubricating according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention as a result,
Bearing has preferable adaptivity, and has the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, especially can
Enough avoid the occurrence of the problem of causing bearing material to fail by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the extrusion capacity of the lubricant is the 0.15~0.25% of the bearing volume.By
This, self-lubricating bearing according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention have preferable adaptivity, and with high-mechanic, it is wear-resistant, anticorrosive,
The features such as high-damping and super-elasticity, causes bearing material to lose more particularly to avoid the occurrence of by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure
The problem of effect.
According to an embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing rises to 80~120 DEG C by room temperature, it is described from
The friction coefficient for lubricating bearing increases by 3~7%.Self-lubricating bearing according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention has preferable adaptive as a result,
Ying Xing, and have the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, more particularly to avoid the occurrence of by burn into
The problem of adhesive wear and fatigue failure cause bearing material to fail.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the self-lubricating bearing first passes through heat-mechanical cycles training in advance.As a result, according to this
The self-lubricating bearing of inventive embodiments have preferable adaptivity, and with high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and
The features such as super-elasticity, more particularly to avoid the occurrence of the problem of causing bearing material to fail by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
In another aspect of this invention, the present invention proposes a kind of method preparing self-lubricating bearing noted earlier.According to
The embodiment of the present invention, the method includes：Titanium powder and nickel by powder are subjected to mixed processing, to obtain mixed-powder；It will
The mixed-powder is sintered, to obtain sintered product；The sintered product is subjected to heat-mechanical cycles training,
To obtain bearing body, wherein being dispersed with cavernous structure in the bearing body；And the bearing body is subjected to immersion oil
Processing so that the cavernous structure is at least partly filled by the lubricant, to obtain the self-lubricating bearing.As a result,
Obtained self-lubricating bearing has preferable adaptivity according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention, and with high-mechanic, wear-resisting
The features such as damage, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, caused by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure more particularly to avoid the occurrence of
The problem of bearing material fails.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further includes：Before the sintering processes, by the mixed powder
End carries out wet-milling and the first drying process；After the sintering processes, the sintered product is polished, clean and
Second is dried.Obtained self-lubricating bearing has preferable adaptivity according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention as a result,
And have the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, mill is sticked together by burn into more particularly to avoid the occurrence of
The problem of damage and fatigue failure cause bearing material to fail.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the wet ground time is 4~8 hours, and first drying process is 100
It is carried out 1~2 hour at~120 DEG C.Obtained self-lubricating bearing has preferably according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention as a result,
Adaptivity, and have the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, more particularly to avoid the occurrence of by corruption
The problem of erosion, adhesive wear and fatigue failure cause bearing material to fail.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the sintering processes is 800~1200 DEG C, and pressure is 0~30MPa, when
Between be 2~10min, agglomerating chamber's vacuum degree be less than 10Pa.Obtained self-lubricating axis according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention as a result,
It holds with preferable adaptivity, and has the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, more particularly to
Avoid the occurrence of the problem of causing bearing material to fail by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the titanium powder and the purity of nickel by powder are higher than 99%, and granularity is 20~100 μm.
As a result, according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention obtained self-lubricating bearing have preferable adaptivity, and with high-mechanic,
The features such as wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, more particularly to avoid the occurrence of by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure
The problem of causing bearing material to fail.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the immersion oil processing includes the following steps：The bearing body is immersed in 55~
In 65 DEG C of lubricant, then by the vacuum degree control to less than 1000Pa of immersion oil system for handling, and kept for 25~35 minutes, so
After be cooled to room temperature, and restore system pressure be atmospheric pressure, to obtain the self-lubricating bearing；Heat-the mechanical cycles
Training includes the following steps：(i) sintered product is stretched at 100~150 DEG C so that the deformation amplitude of the bearing body is 4
~15%；(ii) it is cooled to -40~0 DEG C and sheds drawing force；(iii) repetition step (i) and (ii) 4~15 times, to obtain
The self-lubricating bearing.Obtained self-lubricating bearing has preferably adaptively according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention as a result,
Property, and have the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, it is sticked by burn into more particularly to avoid the occurrence of
Abrasion and the problem of fatigue failure causes bearing material to fail.
The additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Description of the drawings
The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will become in the description from combination following accompanying drawings to embodiment
Obviously and it is readily appreciated that, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows self-lubricating bearing schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein 18- bearing bodies, 17-
Cavernous structure；
Fig. 2 shows the flow diagram according to an embodiment of the invention for preparing self-lubricating bearing method；
Fig. 3 shows the flow diagram according to an embodiment of the invention for preparing self-lubricating bearing method；
Fig. 4 is shown according to an embodiment of the invention is with what discharge plasma sintering method prepared bearing perforated substrate
System schematic diagram, wherein 1- seaming chucks, 2- graphite jigs, 3- thermocouples, 4- vacuum chambers, 5- push-down heads, 6- pressure, 7- electric currents, 8-
Nitinol powder, 9- power supplys；
Fig. 5 show it is according to an embodiment of the invention to base material carry out double process shape-memory effect training be
System schematic diagram, wherein 10- pulling force, 11- upper fixtures, upper part clamped 12-, 13- are trained to part, 14- high and low temperature environments
Case, lower part clamped 15-, fixture under 16-, 17- internal voids, 18- bearings；
Fig. 6 shows bearing size figure according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 shows the hole microgram in Bearing inner section according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 8 shows self-lubricating bearing double process shape-memory effect effect diagram according to an embodiment of the invention,
Wherein, the macro-size of (a) room temperature lower bearing, (b) macro-size of high temperature lower bearing, (c) pore size at room temperature are (d) high
The lower pore size of temperature.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail.The embodiments described below is exemplary, and is only used for explaining this hair
It is bright, and be not considered as limiting the invention.
It should be noted that term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, it is not understood to indicate or imply phase
To importance or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define " first " as a result, the feature of " second " can be with
Express or implicitly include one or more this feature.Further, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise saying
Bright, the meaning of " plurality " is two or more.
The present invention proposes self-lubricating bearing and preparation method thereof, will be described in greater detail respectively below.
Self-lubricating bearing
In one aspect of the invention, the present invention proposes a kind of self-lubricating bearing.According to an embodiment of the invention, referring to
Fig. 1, the self-lubricating bearing include：
Bearing body 100
According to an embodiment of the invention, the material of bearing body 100 includes titanium and nickel.
Cavernous structure 200
According to an embodiment of the invention, cavernous structure 200 is scattered in bearing body 100, and cavernous structure 200 is at least
It is filled by lubricant part.Specifically, disperse multiple cavernous structures in bearing body made of nickel and titanium material (also to be understood as
Hole between particle), bearing body is immersed in lubricant, lubricant can penetrate into cavernous structure, reach it is complete or
The effect of the not completely filled cavernous structure of person.
Inventor has found that under external force, stress-induced martensitic phase transformation can occur for niti-shaped memorial alloy, remove
After external force, inversion is austenite phase to martensitic phase again, this process can effectively consume external force, mitigate damage of the external force to material surface
Wound.Meanwhile reorientation can eliminate part strain to martensite under external force, reduce the degree that material is worn.NiTi shape
The superelastic properties of memorial alloy can also make the stress and strain of material internal be more evenly distributed, to further decrease the mill of material
Damage has fabulous wearability, far superior to general abrasion-resistant stee.In addition, Nitinol under non-physiological environment also have can
The corrosion resistance to compare favourably with pure titanium, the corrosion rate in artificial saliva, 1% saline solution, 0.05% hydrochloric acid solution are equal
Less than 6.8 × 10-5Mm/.These good characteristics just meet requirement of the Nitinol as high-performance bearing material.
According to an embodiment of the invention, self-lubricating bearing first passes through heat-mechanical cycles training in advance.Inventor has found, passes through
Carry out heat-mechanical cycles training so that Nitinol generates double process shape-memory effect, assigns its adaptive characteristic.It is so-called from
Adaptive character is exactly：When self-lubricating bearing internal lubrication effect is bad, frictional heat is will produce, axis can occur for bearing body at this time
To contraction, in cavernous structure shrink therewith, squeeze out filling lubricant in the inner and to friction it is secondary between supplement, improve lubrication
Condition.After lubricating condition improves, temperature reduces, and bearing body restores to the original state, in cavernous structure expansion, will friction it is secondary between
Extra lubricant is sucked and is stored.Compared to common self-lubricating bearing, rope oil/permeability of Nitinol is with better function and resistance to
It is stronger with property.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the material of bearing body 100 includes：45~50 atomic weight % (such as 45 atoms
Measure %, 47 atomic weight %, 49.8 atomic weight %) titanium；And the nickel of surplus.Inventor obtains above-mentioned more excellent by many experiments
Proportioning can improve the adaptive characteristic of self-lubricating bearing with this condition, and wearability, corrosion resistance and elasticity are higher.So
And other proportionings is ineffective, if for example, nickel or Ti content are excessively high, the adaptive effect of bearing is poor.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the surface Vickers hardness of self-lubricating bearing is 30~500HV.Thus it can guarantee bearing
The wearability on surface.
According to an embodiment of the invention, tensile strength is 120~600MPa, and compression strength is 160~1300MPa.As a result,
It can guarantee that bearing has higher crushing strength.
According to an embodiment of the invention, porosity is 5~45%.Specifically, can by change NiTi atomic molar ratio,
Grain size, sintering temperature and pressure and other parameters are to control porosity.
According to an embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of self-lubricating bearing rises to 80~120 DEG C by room temperature, cavernous structure
Varying aperture rate is 0.9~1.2%.As a result, with the variation of temperature, cavernous structure is shunk, to squeeze out the profit wherein filled
Lubrication prescription reaches self-lubricating effect.
According to an embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of self-lubricating bearing is 80~120 DEG C, cavernous structure axial shrinkage,
So that at least partly lubricant in cavernous structure is extruded.Since the self-lubricating bearing of the present invention has preferably adaptively
Property, when temperature rises to 80~120 DEG C, in porous structure axial shrinkage, squeeze out the lubricant wherein filled and to friction
It is supplemented between pair, plays self-lubricating effect.After temperature reduction, porous structure expansion, extra lubricant is again automatic between friction is secondary
It sucks and is stored in porous structure.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the extrusion capacity of lubricant is the 0.15 of bearing volume
~0.25%.Inventor has found, can be by changing the atomic weight of nickel and titanium when granular size, sintering temperature, sintering pressure
Etc. parameters, to change cavernous structure size, to show as increasing with temperature, the lubricant that is squeezed out because cavernous structure is shunk
Amount.Self-lubricating bearing according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention has preferable adaptivity as a result, and with high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anti-
The features such as burn into high-damping and super-elasticity, causes bearing material more particularly to avoid the occurrence of by burn into adhesive wear and fatigue failure
The problem of material failure.
According to an embodiment of the invention, when the temperature of self-lubricating bearing rises to 80~120 DEG C by room temperature, self-lubricating bearing
Friction coefficient increase by 3~7%.Self-lubricating bearing with adaptive characteristic of the present invention through the training of overheat-mechanical cycles by
The influence of temperature is smaller, and after temperature increases, friction coefficient amplification is significantly less than plain bearing (for example, untrained
Friction coefficient increases by 20~25% to NiTi alloy bearings under the same conditions).In turn, self-lubricating bearing of the invention has higher
Resistance temperature capability of influence.Compared with plain bearing, the diffusion of self-lubricating bearing in-lubricant of the invention is in addition to including hair
Shape memory effect effect is also added other than spy's use, thermal expansion, pump-absorb action, therefore can be than the rope of plain bearing
Oil/permeability effect is good, and mitigates abrasion of the external force to material, has preferable wearability, durability stronger.
The method for preparing self-lubricating bearing
In still another aspect of the invention, the present invention proposes a kind of method preparing self-lubricating bearing noted earlier.According to
The embodiment of the present invention, referring to Fig. 2, this method includes：
S100 mixed processings
In this step, titanium powder and nickel by powder are subjected to mixed processing, to obtain mixed-powder.
According to an embodiment of the invention, titanium powder and the purity of nickel by powder are higher than 99%, and granularity is 20~100 μm.As a result,
So that the porosity of self-lubricating bearing is 5~45%, there is preferable adaptive characteristic, wearability, corrosion resistance and super-elasticity,
Such as when the temperature of self-lubricating bearing rises to 80~120 DEG C by room temperature, the varying aperture rate of cavernous structure can reach 0.9~
1.2%, the extrusion capacity of lubricant is the 0.15~0.25% of bearing volume.And it is possible to improve the load of self-lubricating bearing,
The features such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping and super-elasticity, more particularly to avoid the occurrence of by burn into adhesive wear and tired
The problem of labor failure causes bearing material to fail.
S200 sintering processes
In this step, mixed-powder is sintered, to obtain sintered product.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the temperature of sintering processes is 800~1200 DEG C, and pressure is 0~30MPa, time 2
~10min, agglomerating chamber's vacuum degree are less than 10Pa.Inventor obtains above-mentioned more excellent sintering processes condition by many experiments, herein
Under the conditions of self-lubricating bearing have the characteristics that high-mechanic, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping and super-elasticity.
According to an embodiment of the invention, referring to Fig. 3, this method further comprises：
S210 wet-millings and the first drying process
In this step, before sintering processes, mixed-powder is subjected to wet-milling and the first drying process.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the wet ground time is 4~8 hours, and the first drying process is at 100~120 DEG C
It is lower to carry out 1~2 hour.Pass through wet ground so that NiTi powder is finer, to ensure the porosity symbol of self-lubricating bearing
It closes and requires, make it have preferable adaptive characteristic, and with high-mechanic, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high damping and surpass
The features such as elastic.It is dried by first, removes moisture, be sintered convenient for subsequent high temperature.
S220 polishings, cleaning and second are dried
In this step, after sintering processes, sintered product is polished, clean and second be dried.
S300 heat-mechanical cycles training
In this step, sintered product is carried out heat-mechanical cycles to train, to obtain bearing body, middle (center) bearing sheet
It is dispersed with cavernous structure in vivo.
According to an embodiment of the invention, heat-mechanical cycles training includes the following steps：(i) it is stretched at 100~150 DEG C
Sintered product so that the deformation amplitude of bearing body is 4~15%；(ii) it is cooled to -40~0 DEG C and sheds drawing force；(iii)
Repetition step (i) and (ii) 4~15 times, to obtain self-lubricating bearing.Inventor obtains above-mentioned more excellent heat-by many experiments
Mechanical cycles are trained so that bearing body generates double process shape-memory effect, to assign bearing body adaptive characteristic, thereon
Cavernous structure can occur expansion or be shunk with the variation of temperature, thus the lubricant in release or storage cavernous structure,
Reach self-lubricating effect.Also, Nitinol takes into account the excellent properties of metal and ceramics so that self-lubricating bearing tool of the invention
Have the features such as high-mechanic, wear-resistant, anticorrosive, high-damping and super-elasticity, more particularly to avoiding the occurrence of by burn into adhesive wear and
The problem of fatigue failure causes bearing material to fail.
The processing of S400 immersion oil
In this step, bearing body being subjected to immersion oil processing so that cavernous structure is at least partly filled by lubricant,
To obtain self-lubricating bearing.As a result, lubricant is filled into cavernous structure, in turn, in bearing body temperature change mistake
Rope oil and permeability effect are realized in journey.
According to an embodiment of the invention, immersion oil processing includes the following steps：Bearing body is immersed in 55~65 DEG C of profit
In lubrication prescription, then by the vacuum degree control to less than 1000Pa of immersion oil system for handling, and is kept for 25~35 minutes, be then cooled to
Room temperature, and the pressure for restoring system is atmospheric pressure, to obtain self-lubricating bearing.Inventor by many experiments obtain it is above-mentioned compared with
Excellent condition, as a result, lubricant is filled into cavernous structure, and then realize in bearing body temperature changing process rope oil and
Permeability effect.
It should be noted that above for feature and advantage described in self-lubricating bearing, it is equally applicable to the preparation certainly
The method of bearing is lubricated, details are not described herein.
The solution of the present invention is explained below in conjunction with embodiment.It will be understood to those of skill in the art that following
Embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.Particular technique or item are not specified in embodiment
Part, it is carried out according to technology or condition described in document in the art or according to product description.Agents useful for same or instrument
Production firm person is not specified in device, and being can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
In this embodiment, self-lubricating bearing is prepared in following manner：
A. cooperation weighs：The metal powder for preparing needed for bearing is weighed up in proportion, wherein titanium：It is 49.8 atomic weight %, remaining
Amount is nickel.All powder purity is 99.99%, and granularity is 37 μm.
B. it mixes：Wet-milling 6h is carried out in frequency conversion planetary ball mill, then 120 DEG C of dry 2h in vacuum drying chamber,
Obtain uniformly mixed Nitinol powder.
C. it is sintered：Referring to Fig. 4, Nitinol powder is fitted into graphite jig (2), the true of discharge plasma sintering stove is put into
Cavity is sintered in (4), and vacuum degree is less than 10Pa.After power supply (9) power supply, electric current (7) is in graphite jig (2) and Nitinol
Powder passes through in (8), realizes powder sintered.Sintering temperature is 900 DEG C, by thermocouple (3) thermometric；Sintering pressure (6) is 0MPa, by
Upper push-down head (1) and (5) control；Sintering time is 5min.
D. according to the size of bearing (18) requirement, coordinate the skive of different meshes, with surface grinding machine process its two
Side end face, its inner surface is processed with internal grinder, its outer wall is processed with outside grinding machine, to reduce each surface roughness.
E. the porous bearing processed is cleaned with supersonic wave cleaning machine, scavenging period is set as 20 minutes, then
Cleaned product is put into baking oven drying.
F. shape memory effect is trained：Heat-mechanical cycles training is carried out to the bearing that sintering obtains.Referring to Fig. 5, ten thousand are utilized
The holding portion up and down (12) and (15) of the fixture up and down (11) and (16) clamping bearing of energy testing machine, then pass through high/low temperature
Environmental cabinet (14) is warming up to 120 DEG C, and being trained to part (13) to bearing after heating applies drawing force (10), ensures its deformation amplitude
It is 5%, then cools to -20 DEG C by high and low temperature environment case (14), and sheds drawing force (10).Finally, this process 6 is repeated
It is secondary.
G. immersion oil is handled：Bearing is immersed in lubricating oil, is integrally put into vacuum drying chamber.Then, 60 are first warming up to
DEG C, and be evacuated to vacuum degree and be less than 1000Pa, it is cooled to room temperature after heat-insulation pressure keeping 30min, it is atmospheric pressure finally to restore pressure.
The self-lubricating bearing that immersion oil is completed takes out, and clean non-dust cloth is used in combination to wipe extra lubricating oil, as finished product.
Wherein, bearing size is as shown in Figure 6.Then stephanoporate oil-retaining bearing is tested for the property, including measures material porosity and is
22%, the Vickers hardness on surface is 304HV, tensile strength 267MPa, compressive strength 743MPa, and friction coefficient can be by dry friction shape
0.4014 under state is reduced to containing 0.0508 under oil condition, it is seen then that its comprehensive performance is superior more than common metal oiliness bearing.
In addition for the adaptive characteristic of bearing, after double process shape-memory effect is trained, the hole (figure in observation Bearing inner section
7).It is utilized respectively the influence that vernier caliper and the environmental scanning electronic microscope with thermal station test temperature change to its change in shape, is used
The macro-size amplitude of variation that vernier caliper measures bearing is 1.10%, and the microscopic aperture that bearing is measured with scanning electron microscope changes width
Degree is 0.95%, as shown in Figure 8.When heating, the lubricating oil of bearing pore interior can be extruded, and extrusion capacity is：3.6×10- 11m3.If the lubricating oil squeezed out is laid in bearing inner surface, the oil film thickness that can be formed is 7.55 × 10-8M illustrates only to lean on shape
Memory effect equally can guarantee the formation of lubricating oil film in bearing.Bearing friction performance is carried out in test process, by outer
Portion's temperature controlling instruments controls the temperature of bearing.The friction coefficient of plain bearing increases after temperature increases, but with adaptive
The bearing of characteristic is influenced by temperature (is free of step f) less than the bearing without adaptive characteristic.Temperature rises to from room temperature
120 DEG C, the bearing friction coefficient with adaptive characteristic increases 5%, and the bearing friction coefficient for not having adaptive characteristic increases
23%.As it can be seen that the bearing with adaptive characteristic is with the ability for resisting temperature influence.It is of the invention compared with existing bearing
The diffusion of lubricant medium also adds shape memory other than including capillarity, thermal expansion, pump-absorb action in bearing
Effect acts on, therefore the bearing can be better than rope oil/permeability effect of existing bearing, and the period of being on active service is longer.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or example.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the skill of this field
Art personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, changes, replacing and modification.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of self-lubricating bearing, which is characterized in that including：
Bearing body；And
Cavernous structure, the cavernous structure be scattered in the bearing body, and the cavernous structure is at least partly lubricated
Agent is filled,
Wherein, the material of the bearing body includes titanium and nickel.
2. self-lubricating bearing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the material of the bearing body includes：
The titanium of 45~50 atomic weight %；And
The nickel of surplus.
3. self-lubricating bearing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the surface Vickers hardness of the self-lubricating bearing is
30~500HV, tensile strength are 120~600MPa, and compression strength is 160~1300MPa, and porosity is 5~45%.
4. self-lubricating bearing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is by room temperature liter
When to 80~120 DEG C, the varying aperture rate of the cavernous structure is 0.9~1.2%.
5. self-lubricating bearing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the self-lubricating bearing temperature be 80~
At 120 DEG C, the cavernous structure axial shrinkage so that at least partly lubricant in the cavernous structure is extruded；
Optionally, the extrusion capacity of the lubricant is the 0.15~0.25% of the bearing volume.
6. self-lubricating bearing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the self-lubricating bearing first passes through heat-machinery in advance
Circuit training.
7. self-lubricating bearing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when the temperature of the self-lubricating bearing is by room temperature liter
When to 80~120 DEG C, the friction coefficient of the self-lubricating bearing increases by 3~7%.
8. a kind of method preparing any one of claim 1~7 self-lubricating bearing, which is characterized in that including：
Titanium powder and nickel by powder are subjected to mixed processing, to obtain mixed-powder；
The mixed-powder is sintered, to obtain sintered product；
The sintered product is subjected to heat-mechanical cycles training, to obtain bearing body, wherein dispersion in the bearing body
There is cavernous structure；And
The bearing body is subjected to immersion oil processing so that the cavernous structure is at least partly filled by the lubricant, with
Just the self-lubricating bearing is obtained.
9. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that further comprising：
Before the sintering processes, the mixed-powder is subjected to wet-milling and the first drying process；
After the sintering processes, the sintered product is polished, clean and second be dried；
Optionally, the wet ground time be 4~8 hours, it is described first be dried be at 100~120 DEG C carry out 1~
2 hours；
Optionally, the temperature of the sintering processes is 800~1200 DEG C, and pressure is 0~30MPa, and the time is 2~10min, sintering
Room vacuum degree is less than 10Pa；
Optionally, the titanium powder and the purity of nickel by powder are higher than 99%, and granularity is 20~100 μm.
10. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that immersion oil processing includes the following steps：
The bearing body is immersed in 55~65 DEG C of lubricant, then by the vacuum degree control of immersion oil system for handling to small
It in 1000Pa, and is kept for 25~35 minutes, is then cooled to room temperature, and the pressure for restoring system is atmospheric pressure, to obtain
State self-lubricating bearing；
The heat-mechanical cycles training includes the following steps：
(i) sintered product is stretched at 100~150 DEG C so that the deformation amplitude of the bearing body is 4~15%；
(ii) it is cooled to -40~0 DEG C and sheds drawing force；
(iii) repetition step (i) and (ii) 4~15 times, to obtain the self-lubricating bearing.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111349813A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-30 | 西安工业大学 | Intelligent-driving M50-based self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof |
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