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CN1083933C - 内燃机活塞 - Google Patents

内燃机活塞 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1083933C
CN1083933C CN988018438A CN98801843A CN1083933C CN 1083933 C CN1083933 C CN 1083933C CN 988018438 A CN988018438 A CN 988018438A CN 98801843 A CN98801843 A CN 98801843A CN 1083933 C CN1083933 C CN 1083933C
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China
Prior art keywords
piston
diameter
cylinder
combustion engine
difference
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN988018438A
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CN1243561A (zh
Inventor
简·于伦斯泰德
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Volvo Truck Corp
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Volvo Lastvagnar AB
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/02Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/02Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion
    • F02F3/022Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion the pistons having an oval circumference or non-cylindrical shaped skirts, e.g. oval

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

用于内燃机的活塞。活塞(2)有一具有至少为长径(D1)的0.3%的直径差的顶部活塞环脊,以消除气缸抛磨的危险。

Description

内燃机活塞
本发明涉及用于内燃机的活塞,它主要包括一圆柱体,该圆柱体在其离开端面的侧面上有多个沿轴向间隔的环形槽,圆柱体的位于上述端面与最紧密地相邻的环形槽之间的第一部分有变化的横截面。
这是一个众所周知的事实,即用于内燃机的活塞在发动机运行时因受到燃烧室中的热和所产生的动载力的影响而改变其形状。
因此,活塞在其冷态的形状必须适应于这种形状变化,以使在活塞与气缸之间保持一个间隙,它既不小到在活塞上有积炭时有抛磨气缸的危险,也不大到使排放与性能受到不良的影响。气缸抛磨造成油的消耗增加并产生剪切力。
活塞的形状必须适应于发动机体本身在受热时所产生的形状变化,后者造成多缸发动机的较外面的缸相对于中间的缸倾斜。换句话说,发动机各个缸在发动机体受热时采取“扇”形,并在发动机运行时使在顶部的膨胀大于在底部。
为了使活塞的形状适应发动机体的这种形状变化,常常将活塞做成具有卵圆形的横截面,以其短轴朝着发动机的纵向。在以前已经知道的发动机设计中,这种活塞部分的长径与短径之差不大于0.15mm左右,这意味着,在冷态,“正常的”所谓的顶部活塞环槽脊间隙沿发动机的横向为0.40mm,沿纵向为0.55mm。在一已知的气缸直径为131mm的发动机中,这意味着长径与短径之差约为长径的0.1%。不过,已经证明,这一间隙在某些发动机设计中并不足以消除抛磨气缸的危险性。这是个众所周知的事实,即小的顶部活塞环槽脊间隙可以增加抛磨气缸的危险性。这可以通过将活塞做成有大的顶部活塞环槽脊间隙而予以避免。在此情况下,间隙可以达到2mm左右,不过,它导致大的、对排放和性能有不良影响的有害体积。
本发明的目的为得到一种作为引言所描述的那种活塞,采用它,就有可能避免气缸的抛磨而又不致使有害体积大到影响排放和性能,超过边界值。
本发明提供了一种用于内燃机的活塞,它主要包括一圆柱体,该圆柱体在其离开上端面的侧面上有多个沿轴向间隙的环形槽,圆柱体的位于上述上端面与最接近地相邻的环形槽之间的第一部分有变化的横截面,其特征为,在上述第一部分的任何部分上,横截面的最大直径与最小直径之差至少为最大直径的0.3%。
本发明以这样的思想为基础,即首先研究什么地方产生气缸抛磨并且具有顶部活塞环槽脊的卵形度,后者在不发生抛磨的地方提供尽可能小的间隙并且只在经过抛磨的气缸部分中加大间隙至能够避免抛磨。所作的试验证明,对于给定的发动机设计,采用常用的、大小为0.15mm即约为0.1%的顶部活塞环槽脊卵形度并不能避免抛磨,而是只有在0.3%时才有可能消除抛磨。
下面将参考附图中所示的例子较详细地描述本发明,其中,图1示出了经过气缸套的示意纵向剖面,在该气缸套中有按照本发明的活塞的一部分;图2示出了从顶上看去的图1的活塞,并将其卵形度大大地夸大。
在图1中,1代表柴油机型多缸内燃机中的气缸套,2代表活塞的上部,活塞的下部(未示出)可以与上部2做成一件或做成与上部连接在一起的单独部分,即做成摆式活塞。活塞的上部2分别做有用于活塞(未示出)的第一、第二和第三活塞环槽3、4和5。
所谓的活塞的顶部活塞环槽脊即活塞的上表面7与第一活塞环槽3的上缘8之间的部分6,首先如图1大大地放大的所示,略带锥形,并且其次如图2大大地放大的所示,是卵圆形。D1标示基圆即卵圆形活塞部分6的最大直径的直径,而D2则标示该部分的最小直径。
所作的试验证明,D1与D2之差在活塞的顶部活塞环槽脊6的高度h的某一部分中必须至少为D1的0.3%,而其最大差别不应超过3%。在具有气缸套内径为131mm和具有活塞顶部活塞环槽脊的卵形度为0.99mm的活塞的发动机中,冷态发动机的活塞与气缸套之间的最大间隙沿发动机的纵向为0.95mm,沿发动机的横向为0.51mm。可以发现,当顶部活塞环槽脊的卵形度为0.15mm时,同一发动机的就气缸的抛磨而言的前述问题可以完全被消除,并在卵形度加大至0.99mm,即具有约0.8%而不是约0.1%的直径差时,不会影响排放和性能,使之大于边界值。
在图2中,有阴影的区域标示顶部活塞环槽脊与完美的圆的卵圆形偏差。扇形角α内的部分A有小的顶部活塞环槽脊间隙并具有长径D1,而扇形角β的部分B则有变化的直径,并在扇形的中心有最小直径D2,以致在与气缸套具有大间隙的部分B和具有小间隙的部分A之间有一平缓的过渡。扇形角α可根据发动机在最小的15°至最大的120°之间变化。各扇形的位置由那些从试验已经证明有抛磨的危险的部位来确定。不过,抛磨最经常在发动机的纵向发生,因而D2平行于纵向。

Claims (4)

1.用于内燃机的活塞,它主要包括一圆柱体(2),该圆柱体在其离开上端面(7)的侧面上有多个沿轴向间隙的环形槽(3、4、5),圆柱体的位于上述上端面(7)与最接近地相邻的环形槽(3)之间的第一部分(6)有变化的横截面,其特征为,在上述第一部分的任何部分上,横截面的最大直径与最小直径(D1、D2)之差至少为最大直径(D1)的0.3%。
2.如权利要求1的活塞,其特征为,横截面的最大直径与最小直径(D1、D2)之差在上述第一部分的任何部分最多为最大直径(D1)的3%。
3.如权利要求1或2的活塞,其特征为,直径(D1、D2)从上端面(7)加大至环形槽(3)。
4.如权利要求1的活塞,其特征为,活塞座落在具有不变的直径的气缸(1)中,气缸的直径与上述活塞部分(2)的最小直径(D2)之差小于气缸直径的3%,而气缸直径与上述活塞部分(2)的最大直径(D1)之差大于气缸直径的0.3%。
CN988018438A 1997-01-16 1998-01-15 内燃机活塞 Expired - Fee Related CN1083933C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9700109A SE510909C2 (sv) 1997-01-16 1997-01-16 Förbränningmotorkolv
SE97001093 1997-01-16

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CN1243561A CN1243561A (zh) 2000-02-02
CN1083933C true CN1083933C (zh) 2002-05-01

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US (1) US6189500B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP0964992A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2001508519A (zh)
KR (1) KR20000070210A (zh)
CN (1) CN1083933C (zh)
AU (1) AU735410B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9808886A (zh)
CA (1) CA2277985A1 (zh)
SE (1) SE510909C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1998031929A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10450998B2 (en) * 2004-10-25 2019-10-22 Industrial Parts Depot, Llc One piece cast ferrous crown piston for internal combustion engine
US7600737B2 (en) * 2007-04-13 2009-10-13 Honeywell International Inc. Cutback poppet valve
US8020530B2 (en) * 2007-06-15 2011-09-20 Federal-Mogul Corporation Piston and internal combustion engine therewith and method of constructing the piston
GB2493061A (en) * 2011-07-15 2013-01-23 Ecomotors Internat Inc Opposed piston engine with toroidal combustion chamber
US9359971B2 (en) 2014-08-21 2016-06-07 General Electric Company System for controlling deposits on cylinder liner and piston of reciprocating engine
US20160169152A1 (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Caterpillar Inc. Engine Piston
US11773769B2 (en) 2021-07-30 2023-10-03 Achates Power, Inc. Piston for an opposed-piston engine

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE755235C (de) * 1939-04-20 1951-08-02 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Kolben fuer Brennkraftmaschinen mit formgeschliffener Laufflaeche
US4716817A (en) * 1985-07-27 1988-01-05 Mahle Gmbh Piston, particularly for internal combustion engines

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1462501A (en) * 1922-05-08 1923-07-24 Mont W Barwald Piston
US2311039A (en) * 1940-06-08 1943-02-16 Frederic H Emery Internal combustion motor and method of constructing
US4111104A (en) * 1977-03-30 1978-09-05 General Motors Corporation Engine with low friction piston
US4256022A (en) * 1978-04-20 1981-03-17 Elsbett L Piston for reciprocating internal combustion engines, typically diesel engines
US4671228A (en) * 1985-01-29 1987-06-09 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Four stroke internal combustion engine
DE3532308A1 (de) * 1985-09-11 1987-03-12 Kolbenschmidt Ag Kolben-zylinder-bausatz fuer brennkraftmaschinen
GB8816983D0 (en) * 1988-07-16 1988-08-17 Jaguar Cars Pistons
DE4019917A1 (de) 1990-06-22 1992-01-09 Mahle Gmbh Tauchkolben fuer verbrennungsmotoren
JPH04136355U (ja) * 1991-06-11 1992-12-18 株式会社アツギユニシア 内燃機関用ピストン

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE755235C (de) * 1939-04-20 1951-08-02 Schmidt Gmbh Karl Kolben fuer Brennkraftmaschinen mit formgeschliffener Laufflaeche
US4716817A (en) * 1985-07-27 1988-01-05 Mahle Gmbh Piston, particularly for internal combustion engines

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KR20000070210A (ko) 2000-11-25
CN1243561A (zh) 2000-02-02
EP0964992A1 (en) 1999-12-22
WO1998031929A1 (en) 1998-07-23
US6189500B1 (en) 2001-02-20
CA2277985A1 (en) 1998-07-23
SE9700109L (sv) 1998-07-17
SE9700109D0 (sv) 1997-01-16
AU5685798A (en) 1998-08-07
AU735410B2 (en) 2001-07-05
BR9808886A (pt) 2000-10-03
SE510909C2 (sv) 1999-07-05
JP2001508519A (ja) 2001-06-26

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