CN108362981B - Active/passive detection combined photovoltaic system direct-current fault arc detection method - Google Patents
Active/passive detection combined photovoltaic system direct-current fault arc detection method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/129—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of components or parts made of semiconducting materials; of LV components or parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic electrical fault detection, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic system direct-current fault arc detection method combining active detection and passive detection. The method comprises the following steps: the inverter sends out a detection signal; comparing the reflection signal with the detection signal to obtain the reflection coefficient characteristic; judging whether the reflection coefficient characteristics accord with preset conditions for the occurrence of the direct-current fault arc or not; collecting a real-time current signal at the direct current side of the photovoltaic system; analyzing to obtain frequency domain characteristics and time domain characteristics of the target; judging whether the time-frequency domain characteristic threshold value of the fault arc characteristic is consistent with a preset value or not; selecting proper detection sensitivity, and comprehensively judging whether a direct-current fault arc is generated in the photovoltaic system; and if the photovoltaic system is judged to generate the direct-current fault arc, starting an alarm mechanism. The invention adopts a detection mode of active/passive combination, which can improve the detection accuracy and is practical under the conditions of small current and large current; the sensitivity is changed to adapt to various conditions of the photovoltaic system during actual operation, and the false detection rate is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic electrical fault detection, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic system direct-current fault arc detection method combining active detection and passive detection.
Background
Arcing is a gas discharge phenomenon, which refers to the momentary spark produced by a current passing through some insulating medium (e.g., air). Arc discharge is a self-sustaining discharge that is distinguished from other types of discharge by a very low sustaining voltage. At present, it is difficult to define the arc discharge strictly, and the arc discharge is a discharge with reduced cathode potential and large current density, and generally has a negative volt-ampere characteristic, simply from the electrical characteristic of the discharge.
In a photovoltaic system, once a fault arc is generated, if timely and effective protection measures are not taken, a continuous direct current arc can generate high temperature of more than 3000 ℃ so as to cause fire, in recent years, fire accidents caused by the fault arc occur continuously in Europe and America, equipment damage with different degrees is caused, in 2011, American electrical code (NEC) stipulates that a detection device and a circuit breaker for detecting the fault arc should be arranged in the photovoltaic system, and a corresponding development test method and mechanism are also provided by an American insurance provider laboratory (U L).
At present, most researchers put forward a detection method for passive detection aiming at the characteristics of the arc, and the defect is that under some large current conditions, the arc characteristics are not obvious, and false detection is easily caused. The false detection can cause shutdown of the whole photovoltaic system once occurring, and unnecessary loss is brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photovoltaic system direct-current fault arc detection method combining active/passive detection, which has obvious arc characteristic performance and is not easy to cause false detection.
The invention provides an active/passive detection combined photovoltaic system direct current fault arc detection method, which is realized by a photovoltaic system; the photovoltaic system comprises a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, an inverter and an alternating current power grid; the output end of the photovoltaic array is connected with the input end of the combiner box, the output end of the combiner box is connected with the input end of the inverter, the output end of the inverter is connected with an alternating current power grid, a current collecting device is arranged between the combiner box and a circuit connected with the inverter, and a switch is arranged between the photovoltaic array and the combiner box; the detection method comprises the following steps:
(1): the inverter sends out a detection signal;
(2): the detection signal obtained in the step (1) is fed back by a photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system to generate a reflection signal; comparing the obtained reflection signal with the detection signal obtained in the step (1) to obtain the ratio of the amplitude of the reflection signal to the amplitude of the detection signal, wherein the obtained ratio is the reflection coefficient characteristic Asi；
The obtained reflection coefficient characteristic AsiContrary to normalCoefficient of transmission AiMake a difference and take the absolute value
And integrating over the correlation distance
B is subject to sudden changes when an arc occurs, the sudden changes appearing as an increase, s being dependent on specific photovoltaic system configuration parameters;
(3): judging the reflection coefficient characteristic A in the step (2)siComparing the reflection coefficient characteristic with the reflection coefficient characteristic under the condition of the fault arc to see whether the reflection coefficient characteristic meets the preset condition of the occurrence of the direct-current fault arc, and if the reflection coefficient characteristic meets the output 1, not meeting the output 0;
(4): collecting real-time current signals obtained by a photovoltaic array on the direct current side of a photovoltaic system;
(5): analyzing the real-time current signal acquired in the step (4) to obtain the frequency domain characteristic and the time domain characteristic of the real-time current signal;
when the time-domain characteristic shows that a direct-current fault arc occurs, the absolute value C = | di/dt | of the current change rate can be suddenly increased, and the degree of the increase is determined by specific photovoltaic system configuration parameters;
a specific frequency band f when the frequency domain characteristics show that a direct current fault arc occursa-fbThen, the variance D of the wavelet coefficient D of the wavelet decomposition will suddenly increase, and the degree of the increase is determined by the specific configuration parameters of the photovoltaic system;
(6): judging whether the time-frequency characteristics and the time-domain characteristic threshold values of the fault arc characteristics in the step (5) are consistent with preset values or not, outputting 1 only when the time-domain characteristics and the frequency-domain characteristics are consistent, and outputting 0 in the other situations;
(7): judging whether the output of the step (3) and the output of the step (6) are both 1 or not, if so, judging that the direct current arc has the output of 1, otherwise, outputting 0;
(8): judging the output of the step (7), and if the output is 0, returning to the step (1); if the output is 1, judging that a direct-current fault arc is generated in the photovoltaic system;
(9): and (5) if the photovoltaic system is judged to generate the direct-current fault arc in the step (8), switching off a switch of the photovoltaic system and sending an alarm message.
In the invention, the coil induction type real-time current acquisition device is connected between the combiner box and the inverter of the photovoltaic system in series, so that the acquisition of the real-time current signal at the direct current side of the photovoltaic system in the step (4) is realized.
In the invention, if the power output of the photovoltaic system is unstable, in step (7), when the output of either step (3) or step (6) is judged to be 1, namely, the direct current arc is judged to have the output of 1, and if the output is not consistent, the output of 0 is output.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the detection accuracy can be improved by adopting an active/passive combined detection mode, and the method is practical under the conditions of low current and high current;
(2) the sensitivity can be changed to adapt to various conditions of the photovoltaic system during actual operation, and the false detection rate is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of real-time current collection locations for detecting a DC fault arc in a photovoltaic system.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of steps of a photovoltaic system DC fault arc detection method with active/passive detection combined.
Reference numbers in the figures: the photovoltaic array is used as 1, the combiner box is used as 2, the inverter is used as 3, the alternating current power grid is used as 4, and the real-time current acquisition device is used as 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, which are provided for illustration and not for limitation.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a photovoltaic array 1 outputs a dc current, a plurality of dc branches are connected in parallel in a combiner box 2 for combining, the total dc current is input into an inverter 3, the inverter converts the dc current into an ac current and transmits the ac current to an ac power grid 4, and the inverter controls the inverter to send out a detection signal.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention provides a photovoltaic system dc fault arc detection method combining active/passive detection, which mainly adopts the following technical scheme to determine whether a dc fault arc exists in a photovoltaic system, and specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the inverter sends out a detection signal;
step two: the detection signal is fed back by the photovoltaic system to generate a reflection signal; comparing the reflected signal with the detected signal to obtain the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected signal to the amplitude of the detected signal, and the reflection coefficient characteristic Asi(ii) a Will reflect coefficient AsiReflection coefficient A from normaliMake a difference and take the absolute value
And integrating over the correlation distance
B increases suddenly when an arc occurs, s being dependent on the specific photovoltaic system configuration parameters;
step three: judging whether the autocorrelation coefficient characteristics in the step two meet the preset conditions for the occurrence of the direct-current fault arc, and if the autocorrelation coefficient characteristics meet the output 1, not meeting the output 0;
step four: as shown in fig. 1, the real-time current collecting device 5 is designed behind the combiner box 2 and in front of the inverter 3 to collect real-time current signals on the dc side of the photovoltaic system;
step five: analyzing the collected real-time current signals to obtain frequency domain characteristics and time domain characteristics;
the time domain characteristic shows that when a direct current fault arc occurs, the absolute value C = | di/dt | of the current change rate can be suddenly increased, and the increasing degree is determined by specific photovoltaic system configuration parameters;
the frequency domain characteristics are: when DC fault arc occurs, the specific frequency band fa-fbThen, the variance D of the wavelet coefficient D of the wavelet decomposition will suddenly increase, and the degree of the increase is determined by the specific configuration parameters of the photovoltaic system;
step six: comparing the time-frequency domain characteristics of the real-time current signal with the characteristics of the fault arc condition, and judging whether the time-frequency domain characteristic threshold of the fault arc characteristic in the step five is consistent with a preset value or not; outputting 1 only when the time domain characteristics and the frequency domain characteristics are consistent, and outputting 0 in addition;
step seven: the detection method is divided into a high-sensitivity (1) mode and a low-sensitivity (0) mode according to whether the power of the photovoltaic system fluctuates frequently or not; when the power of the photovoltaic system fluctuates frequently, a high-sensitivity (1) mode is adopted, and when the output of the step (3) or the step (6) is 1, the occurrence of a direct current arc is judged; when the power of the photovoltaic system does not fluctuate frequently, a low-sensitivity (0) mode is adopted, and when the output of the step (3) and the output of the step (6) are both 1, the occurrence of direct-current arcs is judged;
step eight: judging the output of the step seven, and if the output is 0, returning to the step one; if the output is 1, judging that a direct-current fault arc is generated in the photovoltaic system;
step nine: if the photovoltaic system generates the direct-current fault arc according to the judgment of the step eight, starting an alarm mechanism: and turning off a corresponding switch of the photovoltaic system and sending an alarm message.
Claims (3)
1. The active/passive detection combined photovoltaic system direct current fault arc detection method is characterized in that the detection method is realized through a photovoltaic system; the photovoltaic system comprises a photovoltaic array, a combiner box, an inverter and an alternating current power grid; the output end of the photovoltaic array is connected with the input end of the combiner box, the output end of the combiner box is connected with the input end of the inverter, the output end of the inverter is connected with an alternating current power grid, a current collecting device is arranged between the combiner box and a circuit connected with the inverter, and a switch is arranged between the photovoltaic array and the combiner box; the detection method comprises the following steps:
(1): the inverter sends out a detection signal;
(2): the detection signal obtained in the step (1) is fed back by a photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system to generate a reflection signal; comparing the obtained reflection signal with the detection signal obtained in the step (1) to obtainThe ratio of the amplitude of the reflected signal to the amplitude of the detected signal, the obtained ratio being the reflection coefficient characteristic Asi；
The obtained reflection coefficient characteristic AsiReflection coefficient A from normaliMake a difference and take the absolute value
And integrating over the correlation distance
B is subject to sudden changes when an arc occurs, the sudden changes appearing as an increase, s being dependent on specific photovoltaic system configuration parameters;
(3): judging the reflection coefficient characteristic A in the step (2)siComparing the reflection coefficient characteristic with the reflection coefficient characteristic under the condition of the fault arc to see whether the reflection coefficient characteristic meets the preset condition of the occurrence of the direct-current fault arc, and if the reflection coefficient characteristic meets the output 1, not meeting the output 0;
(4): collecting real-time current signals obtained by a photovoltaic array on the direct current side of a photovoltaic system;
(5): analyzing the real-time current signal acquired in the step (4) to obtain the frequency domain characteristic and the time domain characteristic of the real-time current signal;
when the time-domain characteristic shows that a direct-current fault arc occurs, the absolute value C = | di/dt | of the current change rate can be suddenly increased, and the degree of the increase is determined by specific photovoltaic system configuration parameters;
a specific frequency band f when the frequency domain characteristics show that a direct current fault arc occursa-fbThen, the variance D of the wavelet coefficient D of the wavelet decomposition will suddenly increase, and the degree of the increase is determined by the specific configuration parameters of the photovoltaic system;
(6): judging whether the time-frequency characteristics and the time-domain characteristic threshold values of the fault arc characteristics in the step (5) are consistent with preset values or not, outputting 1 only when the time-domain characteristics and the frequency-domain characteristics are consistent, and outputting 0 in the other situations;
(7): judging whether the output of the step (3) and the output of the step (6) are both 1 or not, if so, judging that the direct current arc has the output of 1, otherwise, outputting 0;
(8): judging the output of the step (7), and if the output is 0, returning to the step (1); if the output is 1, judging that a direct-current fault arc is generated in the photovoltaic system;
(9): and (5) if the photovoltaic system is judged to generate the direct-current fault arc in the step (8), switching off a switch of the photovoltaic system and sending an alarm message.
2. The active/passive detection combined photovoltaic system direct current fault arc detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of collecting the real-time current signal at the direct current side of the photovoltaic system is performed by connecting a coil induction type real-time current collecting device in series between a combiner box and an inverter of the photovoltaic system.
3. The active/passive detection combined photovoltaic system direct current fault arc detection method according to claim 1, wherein if the power output of the photovoltaic system is unstable, in step (7), it is determined that when any one of the outputs of step (3) or step (6) is 1, that is, it is determined that there is a direct current arc output of 1, and if it is not, 0 is output.
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