CN108361543B - 一种新型低温容器结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型低温容器结构及其制造方法,涉及低温液体容器领域,包括:内容器、外容器、框架和管路系统。内容器和外容器之间设置有真空绝热层。其中,内容器为双层结构,包括内层和外层,所述内层由铝合金板制成,厚度为1‑1.5mm;所述外层由高分子材料制成且为蜂窝状结构;所述内容器内安装有加热装置。本发明所述的新型低温容器结构,质量比传统低温结构罐式集装箱轻了近28%‑30%,使得设备轻量化,且保证装载设备节省更多的燃料或装载量加大,设置加热装置后,卸液时加热内部压力升高,使得卸液速度更快且更彻底。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及低温液体容器领域,特别涉及到一种新型低温容器结构。
背景技术
低温容器主要用于存储和运输低温液体,例如液化天然气(LNG)、液氮和液氢等低温液化气体,广泛应用于生产和生活中。LNG是一种经过超低温(-162℃)常压液化的液化气体,其存储容器一般采用双层结构,包括内容器和外容器,内外容器之间设置有绝热保温层,能够满足较长时间的贮存和运输要求。
在设计低温容器时,需要考虑其与介质之间的相容性和低温绝保温性能,还要具有足够的强度应对内部液体的压力作用,基于此,现有的内容器部分材质大都采用6-8mm的奥氏体不锈钢,使得整体设备重量较重,会使装载设备耗费更多的燃料,限制其装载量,需要改进。其中,罐式集装箱结构在考虑容积最大化的情况下,一般不会安装外部增压器普通低温罐式集装箱,由于现有的卸液方式为差压式,存在卸液时间较长的问题,即通过储罐和被充设备之间的压力差(压力相差约≥0.35MPa)进行卸液,当罐内LNG液体逐渐减少,内部压力慢慢降低,而被充设备内压力升高,故卸液后期会出现卸液困难的现象,也需要克服。
如公告号为CN103221733B的中国发明专利,公开了一种“用于液化天然气的储存容器”,其内容器由经受住所述液化天然气的低温的金属(例如铝、不锈钢和5-9%镍钢))制成并且将所述液化天然气储存于内部,外容器由经受住内压的钢制成并且环绕所述内容器以与所述内容器形成空间,内容器和外容器之间的空间这种设置有隔热层部件以减少热传递,隔热层部件可以由颗粒型隔离材料(例如珍珠岩)制成。该发明还在外容器外部设置有外部隔热层,通过密封外容器的外部来防止来自外部的热传递;在外容器的外部,还设置有加热构件。该技术方案既不能满足当下LNG市场的轻量化需求,也没能够解决卸液困难的问题。
又如公告号为CN203162528U的中国实用新型专利,公开了“一种车用铝合金LNG液化天然气瓶”,包括铝合金外胆和承装低温LNG液体的铝合金内胆,铝合金外胆和铝合金内胆之间设有隔热层。该技术方案采用采用了铝合金材料制作,满足了轻量化的要求,当也没能够解决卸液困难的问题,且在提高其低温绝保温性能等方面还可以进一步改进。
最后,如公告号为CN2515507Y的中国实用新型专利,公开了一种“车载液化天然气瓶”,主要包括外壳和内胆,外壳和内胆之间为高真空绝热层,在内胆的外壁上缠绕有多层绝热层,所述多层绝热层由高反射的屏材料和低热导率的隔离材料交替叠合而成。该技术方案虽然较为有效地提高了低温容器的保温性能,但是方案较为复杂且不能满足轻量化需求,也没能够解决卸液困难的问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种新型低温容器结构,克服现有低温容器普遍存在的重量重、卸液不充分的问题,同时还保证其低温绝热保温性能。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种新型低温容器结构,包括内容器、外容器,内容器和外容器之间设置有真空绝热层。内容器为双层结构,包括内层和外层,内层由铝合金板制成,外层由高分子材料制成,所述高分子材料由高密度聚氨酯和层状珍珠岩组成。聚氨酯弹性体一般具有良好的机械性能,并具有一定的耐低温性能。掺入的膨胀珍珠岩是很好的绝热材料,平均热导率为K=0.0237W/m.k(常温常压下),化学稳定性好。
进一步地,上述合金板为柔性波纹铝板,厚度为1-1.5mm,其波纹结构满足了内层的刚度要求,防止壁厚薄后内层失稳。
进一步地,上述所述外层为蜂窝状结构,具有优秀的几何和力学性能。
进一步地,高密度聚氨酯为100份,层状珍珠岩为10-30份。
更进一步地,内层和外层通过粘合剂贴合在一起。
进一步地,内容器内设置有一加热装置。
更进一步地,加热装置包括加热管、电源装置、压力变送器和控制器PLC,其中,加热管竖直的安装在内容器底部,加热管连接所述电源装置,电源装置连接所述控制器PLC,压力变送器也与所述控制器PLC连接,压力变送器安装在储罐上。压力变送器向PLC传送压力信号,当罐内压力变低与被充设备接近时,PLC控制电源装置开启,启动加热管加热储罐内的剩余液体,使之汽化,使得罐内压力逐渐升高,保证了卸液速度及彻底性。
本发明还提供了一种制造上述低温罐式集装箱的生产工艺,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)压制铝合金板并制作内容器内层:在钢辊上雕刻波纹,调节钢辊间的间距,让铝合金板在两个钢辊之间平整地通过,使波纹压印在铝合金板上,并用压制完成的波纹铝合金板制造内容器内层;
(2)制造内容器外层:取100份高密度聚氨酯、10份膨胀珍珠岩,搅拌混合完全后,注塑成蜂窝状,并通过胶水贴合在步骤1制作完成的内层上;
(3)制造外容器:分别制造外容器的外筒体、外前封头和外后封头三个部分;
(4)组装:将步骤2中制作完成的内容器套在步骤3中的外筒体内,焊接上外前封头和外后封头;
(5)安装并抽真空:将组装好的罐体安装在框架上,铺设管路系统,并对所述夹层空间进行抽真空。
进一步地,步骤2中,在混合高密度聚氨酯和膨胀珍珠岩时,注意保持干燥,保证其含水率低于0.3%需要保持温度不大于80℃。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明所述的新型低温储罐集装箱结构,突破常规,质量比传统低温结构罐式集装箱轻了近28%-30%,使得设备轻量化,且保证装载设备节省更多的燃料或装载量加大,设置加热装置后,卸液时加热内部压力升高,使得卸液速度更快且更彻底。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明一种新型低温罐式集装箱结构的正视图。
图2是图1的纵向剖视图
附图中
1、内容器 2、外容器 3、加热装置
4、框架 5、管路系统
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
如图所示,本实施例公开了一种新型低温罐式集装箱结构,为本发明的所述的低温容器结构的最优实施例,包括内容器1、外容器2、加热装置3、框架4和管路系统5。其中,内容器1和外容器2同轴设置,因此形成的环形空间为真空绝热层,由此组成的储罐安装在框架4上以便安装和起吊,框架4前端铺设有用于给容器加液、卸液的管路系统5。
在本实施例中,内容器1为双层结构,包括内层和外层。
内层的材料采用1-1.5mm的柔性波纹铝板(铝合金)。铝合金具有密度低、无磁性、低温下合金相稳定,在磁场下比电阻小、气密性好等特性。由于铝(合金)材在低温环境下力学性能满足要求,能够替代奥氏体不锈钢作为低温罐式集装箱内容器材料。波纹结构满足了内层的刚度要求,防止壁厚薄后内层失稳。
外层为蜂窝状结构,由高密度聚氨酯和膨胀珍珠岩组成,聚氨酯和膨胀珍珠岩的配比比例如表1所示。
表1外层结构成分配比表
成分 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 |
高密度聚氨酯 | 100份 | 100份 | 100份 | 100份 | 100份 |
膨胀珍珠岩 | 10份 | 15份 | 20份 | 25份 | 30份 |
其中,蜂窝状的高密度聚合物受力较好,起到了帮助内层承受了内压力作用,蜂窝结构为棱柱形六边形孔穴的规则排列,抽真空时既能容易抽,抽到也彻底。而聚氨酯弹性体一般具有良好的机械性能,并具有一定的耐低温性能。掺入的膨胀珍珠岩是很好的绝热材料,平均热导率为K=0.0237W/m.k(常温常压下),化学稳定性好,保证了低温容器的保温性能。按GBT18443.5-2010《真空绝热深冷设备性能试验方法》对上述实施例进行静态蒸发率测量,其检测结果如表2所示。
表2实施例1-5静态蒸发率表
由表2可知,实施例1-5与普通储罐具有相同水平的保温性能。
内容器外层除上述提到的功效外,其高密度聚氨酯本身强度比较高,掺入膨胀珍珠岩后强度将更高,再设计成蜂窝结构,即正六边形结构,背对背对称排列,具有优秀的几何力学性能,将比其他夹层结构具有更高的强度和刚度,与铆接结构相比,结构效率可提高15%~30%。其强度测试结果如下表3所示,实施例1-5均符合行业标准。
表3实施例1-5强度测试表
内层和外层采用胶水贴合在一起。
在本实施例中,外容器为低合金钢或奥氏体不锈钢,起到对内容器及真空层进行防护的作用,且在外容器内部设置有加强圈,加强圈通过外容器的惯性矩进行布置,使外容器在外压作用下满足稳定性要求。
根据本技术领域内现有技术的常规设置,外容器和内容器之间通过前、后支撑结构进行连接和固定。
在本实施例中,加热装置3包括加热管、电源装置、压力变送器和控制器PLC,加热管安竖直装在内容器1的底部,电源装置安装在管路系统5上,控制器PLC为远端控制器。其中,加热管受电源装置控制,电源装置受PLC控制。压力变送器安装在容器上,监测容器内部的压力并向PLC传送压力信号,当容器内压力变低与被充设备接近时,PLC控制电源装置开启,启动加热管加热容器内的剩余液体,使之汽化,使得容器内压力逐渐升高,保证了卸液速度及彻底性。
在本实施例中,加热管可以由耐低温的不锈钢或铝合金制成,使之能够在容器内的深冷环境下工作。
传统的罐式集装箱结构中没有设置上述加热装置3,且在考虑容积最大化的情况下,罐式集装箱结构中也不会安装外部增压器。本实施例即满足了节省空间的要求,又解决了卸液困难的问题。
本实施例还公开了一种制造上述低温罐式集装箱的生产工艺,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)压制铝合金板并制作内容器内层:在钢辊上雕刻波纹,调节钢辊间的间距,让铝合金板在两个钢辊之间平整地通过,使波纹压印在铝合金板上,并用压制完成的波纹铝合金板制造内容器内层。内容器内层可分为内筒体、内前封头和内后封头三个部分,分别制造完成后,再通过焊接组装。
(2)制造内容器外层:取100份高密度聚氨酯、10份膨胀珍珠岩,搅拌混合完全后,注塑成蜂窝状,并通过胶水贴合在步骤1制作完成的内层上。在制备外层制作材料时注意干燥,要保证其含水率低于0.3﹪,注塑成型时温度不大于80℃。
(3)制造外容器:外容器由外筒体、外前封头和外后封头三个部分组成,分别使用低合金钢或奥氏体不锈钢制造完成。
(4)组装:将步骤2中制作完成的内容器套在外筒体内,焊接上外前封头和外后封头,其中,外前封头与内前封头通过前支撑结构连接,外后封头和内后封头通过后指出结构连接,使外容器和内容器之间形成一个环形的夹层空间。
(5)安装并抽真空:将组装好的罐体安装在框架上,铺设管路系统,并对夹层空间进行抽真空。
尽管上面对本发明说明性的具体实施方式进行了描述,以便于本技术领域的技术人员能够理解本发明,但是本发明不仅限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员而言,只要各种变化只要在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明精神和范围内,一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。
Claims (7)
1.一种新型低温容器结构,包括内容器、外容器、框架和管道系统,所述内容器和外容器之间设置有真空绝热层,其特征在于:所述内容器为双层结构,包括内层和外层,所述内层由铝合金板制成;所述外层由高分子材料制成,所述高分子材料由高密度聚氨酯和层状珍珠岩组成;
所述新型低温容器结构采用以下方法制备而成:
(1)压制铝合金板并制作内容器内层:在钢辊上雕刻波纹,调节钢辊间的间距,让铝合金板在两个钢辊之间平整地通过,使波纹压印在铝合金板上,并用压制完成的波纹铝合金板制造内容器内层;
(2)制造内容器外层:取100份高密度聚氨酯、10-30份膨胀珍珠岩,搅拌混合完全后,注塑成蜂窝状,并通过胶水贴合在步骤1制作完成的内层上;
(3)制造外容器:分别制造外容器的外筒体、外前封头和外后封头三个部分;
(4)组装:将步骤2中制作完成的内容器套在步骤3中的外筒体内,焊接上外前封头和外后封头;
(5)安装并抽真空:将组装好的罐体安装在框架上,铺设管路系统,并对夹层空间进行抽真空;
在步骤2中,在混合高密度聚氨酯和膨胀珍珠岩时,注意保持干燥,保证含水率低于0.3%,保持温度不大于80℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型低温容器结构,其特征在于:所述铝合金板为柔性波纹铝板,厚度为1-1.5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型低温容器结构,其特征在于:所述外层为蜂窝状结构。
4.根据权利要求1-3中的任一项所述的一种新型低温容器结构,其特征在于:所述内层和外层通过粘合剂贴合在一起。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型低温容器结构,其特征在于:所述内容器内设置有一加热装置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种新型低温容器结构,其特征在于:所述加热装置包括加热管、电源装置、压力变送器和控制器PLC。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种新型低温容器结构,其特征在于:所述加热管竖直安装在内容器底部,所述加热管连接所述电源装置,所述电源装置安装在所述管路系统上,所述电源装置连接所述控制器PLC,所述压力变送器也与所述控制器PLC连接,所述压力变送器安装在储罐上。
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