CN108333729A - Large-caliber infrared optical system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大口径红外光学系统，用于将无穷远处中波光谱波段的目标辐射成像在中波红外探测器上。该大口径红外光学系统，由两块反射镜和十三块带曲面的透镜组成，从光束入射方向依次排布包括主镜(1)，次镜(2)，第一透镜(3)，第二透镜(4)，第三透镜(5)，第四透镜(6)，第五透镜(7)，第六透镜(8)，第七透镜(9)，第八透镜(10)，第九透镜(11)，第十透镜(12)，第十一透镜(13)，第十二透镜(14)，第十三透镜(15)，中波红外探测器的窗口(16)，中波红外探测器的滤光片(17)，中波探测器的靶面(18)。本发明的大口径红外光学系统具有遮拦小，透镜口径小，成像质量好等优点。
The invention discloses a large-aperture infrared optical system, which is used for imaging target radiation in the mid-wave spectral band at infinity on a mid-wave infrared detector. The large-aperture infrared optical system is composed of two reflecting mirrors and thirteen lenses with curved surfaces, which are arranged sequentially from the incident direction of the light beam, including the primary mirror (1), the secondary mirror (2), the first lens (3), and the second Second lens (4), third lens (5), fourth lens (6), fifth lens (7), sixth lens (8), seventh lens (9), eighth lens (10), ninth lens Lens (11), Tenth Lens (12), Eleventh Lens (13), Twelfth Lens (14), Thirteenth Lens (15), MWIR Detector Window (16), MWIR The optical filter (17) of the detector, the target surface (18) of the medium wave detector. The large-aperture infrared optical system of the present invention has the advantages of small obscuration, small lens caliber, good imaging quality and the like.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光学应用领域，具体涉及一种大口径红外光学系统。The invention belongs to the field of optical applications, and in particular relates to a large aperture infrared optical system.
背景技术Background technique
红外探测系统是通过探测目标的红外辐射特性对目标进行探测与识别，具有被动探测、隐蔽性强、抗干扰性强、可实现全天候探测搜索等优点，同时在烟、雾、雪、霾、风沙等能见度差的不良气象条件下可穿透上述气象的限制，具有多目标全景观察、追踪和目标识别能力及良好的抗目标隐形能力等优点。因此红外成像技术成为当前设计跟踪系统的一个热点。The infrared detection system detects and identifies the target by detecting the infrared radiation characteristics of the target. It has the advantages of passive detection, strong concealment, strong anti-interference, and can realize all-weather detection and search. Under adverse weather conditions such as poor visibility, it can penetrate the above-mentioned weather restrictions, and has the advantages of multi-target panoramic observation, tracking and target recognition capabilities, and good anti-target stealth capabilities. Therefore, infrared imaging technology has become a hot spot in the current design of tracking systems.
《红外技术》期刊2008年报道了昆明物理研究所陈津津等人设计了一种紧凑型折射式中波红外搜索/跟踪光学系统，入瞳直径为100mm，焦距为200mm，采用三次成像光学结构。2013年的CN103631003专利报道了福建福光股份有限公司设计了一种长波红外制冷型长焦距、大口径、大视场镜头，采用折射式光学结构形式，入瞳直径为239.5mm，焦距为407mm，采用二次成像光学结构。The journal "Infrared Technology" reported in 2008 that Chen Jinjin, Kunming Institute of Physics, and others designed a compact refractive mid-wave infrared search/tracking optical system with an entrance pupil diameter of 100mm and a focal length of 200mm, using a three-time imaging optical structure. The CN103631003 patent in 2013 reported that Fujian Fuguang Co., Ltd. designed a long-wave infrared cooling type lens with long focal length, large aperture, and large field of view. It adopts a refractive optical structure. Secondary imaging optical structure.
目前报道的红外光学系统，大多是小口径光学系统，系统的作用距离近，无法满足远距离观测的需求，因此，大口径、长焦距、作用距离远的红外成像系统，克服上述缺陷是本发明的研究目的，本发明设计了一种大口径红外光学系统，工作在中波红外波段，入瞳直径为600mm，焦距为1200mm，采用三次成像光学结构，具有遮拦小，透镜口径小，成像质量好等优点。Most of the infrared optical systems reported at present are small-aperture optical systems, and the operating distance of the system is short, which cannot meet the needs of long-distance observation. For the purpose of research, the present invention designs a large-aperture infrared optical system, which works in the mid-wave infrared band, the diameter of the entrance pupil is 600mm, and the focal length is 1200mm. It adopts a three-time imaging optical structure, which has small obscuration, small lens aperture, and good imaging quality. Etc.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提出了一种大口径红外光学系统，用于将无穷远处中波光谱波段的目标辐射成像在中波红外探测器上。该大口径红外光学系统，由两块反射镜和十三块带曲面的透镜组成。The invention proposes a large-aperture infrared optical system, which is used to image target radiation in the mid-wave spectral band at infinity on a mid-wave infrared detector. The large-aperture infrared optical system consists of two mirrors and thirteen lenses with curved surfaces.
本发明采用的技术方案为：一种大口径红外光学系统，从光束入射方向依次排布包括主镜，次镜，第一透镜，第二透镜，第三透镜，第四透镜，第五透镜，第六透镜，第七透镜，第八透镜，第九透镜，第十透镜，第十一透镜，第十二透镜，第十三透镜，第十四透镜，第十五透镜，像面；中波红外探测器的窗口，中波红外探测器的滤光片和中波探测器的靶面组成中波红外探测器，该大口径红外光学系统为三次成像系统，一次像面在次镜和第一透镜之间，二次像面在第七透镜和第八透镜之间，三次像面为中波探测器的靶面；其中，The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a large-diameter infrared optical system, which is arranged sequentially from the incident direction of the light beam to include a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens, Sixth lens, seventh lens, eighth lens, ninth lens, tenth lens, eleventh lens, twelfth lens, thirteenth lens, fourteenth lens, fifteenth lens, image plane; medium wave The window of the infrared detector, the filter of the medium-wave infrared detector and the target surface of the medium-wave infrared detector constitute the medium-wave infrared detector. The large-aperture infrared optical system is a three-time imaging system. Between the lenses, the secondary image plane is between the seventh lens and the eighth lens, and the tertiary image plane is the target surface of the medium-wave detector; wherein,
主镜面型为抛物面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.7～-0.5之间；The primary mirror is a paraboloid, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.7 and -0.5;
次镜面型为双曲面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.23～-0.16之间；The secondary mirror type is a hyperboloid, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.23 and -0.16;
第一透镜中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.026～0.032之间；The first lens contains at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.026 and 0.032;
第二透镜中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.009～-0.006之间；The second lens contains at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.009 and -0.006;
第三透镜其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.005～0.022之间；The ratio of the focal length of the third lens to the total focal length of the system is between 0.005 and 0.022;
第四透镜中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距比值在-0.072～-0.045之间；The fourth lens contains at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.072 and -0.045;
第五透镜其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.012～0.028之间；The ratio of the focal length of the fifth lens to the total focal length of the system is between 0.012 and 0.028;
第六透镜至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.024～-0.011之间；The sixth lens includes at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.024 and -0.011;
第七透镜中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.05～0.09之间；The seventh lens contains at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.05 and 0.09;
第八透镜其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.08～0.13之间；The ratio of the focal length of the eighth lens to the total focal length of the system is between 0.08 and 0.13;
第九透镜中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.02～0.07之间；The ninth lens contains at least one aspheric surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.02 and 0.07;
第十透镜中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.02～0.05之间；The tenth lens contains at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.02 and 0.05;
第十一透镜中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.04～-0.01之间；The eleventh lens contains at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.04 and -0.01;
第十二透镜其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.012～0.029之间；The ratio of the focal length of the twelfth lens to the total focal length of the system is between 0.012 and 0.029;
第十三透镜中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.54～0.72之间；The thirteenth lens contains at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.54 and 0.72;
中波红外探测器的窗口为制冷型中波红外探测器的保护窗口，保护窗口为锗制造而成的平行平板；The window of the mid-wave infrared detector is the protective window of the cooled mid-wave infrared detector, and the protective window is a parallel plate made of germanium;
中波红外探测器的滤光片为制冷型中波红外探测器的滤光片，滤光片为硅制造而成的平行平板。The filter of the mid-wave infrared detector is the filter of the cooled mid-wave infrared detector, and the filter is a parallel flat plate made of silicon.
其中，该大口径红外光学系统的遮拦比为0.24。Among them, the obscuration ratio of the large aperture infrared optical system is 0.24.
其中，该大口径红外光学系统工作波段为中波红外3.7-4.8μm。Among them, the working band of the large-aperture infrared optical system is 3.7-4.8 μm in the mid-wave infrared.
本发明具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明的一种大口径红外光学系统中大部分光焦度由主次镜承担，和透镜相比，反射镜更容易做到大口径，采用三次成像结构形式，有效减小了透镜的尺寸和重量。1. In the large-aperture infrared optical system of the present invention, most of the focal power is borne by the primary and secondary mirrors. Compared with the lens, the reflector is easier to achieve a large-aperture, and the three-time imaging structure is adopted, which effectively reduces the focal length of the lens. size and weight.
2、本发明的一种大口径红外光学系统口径更大，作用距离更远。2. A large-aperture infrared optical system of the present invention has a larger caliber and a longer working distance.
3、本发明的一种大口径红外光学系统中的除硅外的所有光学元件均可以利用金刚石车床车削加工，加工精度高。3. All the optical components except silicon in the large aperture infrared optical system of the present invention can be processed by diamond lathe with high processing precision.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的大口径红外光学系统的光路示意图。图1标号说明：1-主镜、2-次镜、3-第一透镜、4-第二透镜、5-第三透镜、6-第四透镜4、7-第五透镜、8-第六透镜、9-第七透镜、10-第八透镜、11-第九透镜、12-第十透镜、13-第十一透镜、14-第十二透镜、15-第十三透镜、16-中波红外探测器的窗口、17-中波红外探测器的滤光片、18-中波探测器的靶面。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the large aperture infrared optical system of the present invention. Description of the symbols in Fig. 1: 1-main mirror, 2-secondary mirror, 3-first lens, 4-second lens, 5-third lens, 6-fourth lens 4, 7-fifth lens, 8-sixth Lens, 9-seventh lens, 10-eighth lens, 11-ninth lens, 12-tenth lens, 13-eleventh lens, 14-twelfth lens, 15-thirteenth lens, 16-middle The window of the wave infrared detector, 17-the filter of the medium wave infrared detector, and 18-the target surface of the medium wave infrared detector.
图2为本发明的大口径红外光学系统的局部二维光路图。Fig. 2 is a partial two-dimensional light path diagram of the large aperture infrared optical system of the present invention.
图3为本发明的大口径红外光学系统的MTF曲线示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the MTF curve of the large aperture infrared optical system of the present invention.
图4为本发明的大口径红外光学系统的场曲和畸变图。Fig. 4 is a field curvature and distortion diagram of the large aperture infrared optical system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更好地说明本发明的目的和优点，下面结合附图2和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。In order to better illustrate the purpose and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 2 and specific embodiments.
图1为本发明的大口径红外光学系统的光路示意图，光线经过主镜1、次镜2会聚后成一次像，光线然后经过第一透镜3，第二透镜4，第三透镜5，第四透镜6，第五透镜7，第六透镜8，第七透镜9后成二次像，光线然后经过第八透镜10，第九透镜11，第十透镜12，第十一透镜13，第十二透镜14，第十三透镜15，中波红外探测器的窗口16，中波红外探测器的滤光片17后至中波探测器的靶面18上。Fig. 1 is the optical path schematic diagram of the large-aperture infrared optical system of the present invention, and light rays form primary image after primary mirror 1, secondary mirror 2 convergence, and light rays then pass through first lens 3, second lens 4, third lens 5, fourth The lens 6, the fifth lens 7, the sixth lens 8, and the seventh lens 9 form a secondary image, and the light then passes through the eighth lens 10, the ninth lens 11, the tenth lens 12, the eleventh lens 13, and the twelfth lens. The lens 14, the thirteenth lens 15, the window 16 of the mid-wave infrared detector, and the optical filter 17 of the mid-wave infrared detector are placed on the target surface 18 of the mid-wave infrared detector.
第十四透镜16，第十五透镜17和像面18组成中波红外探测器，该大口径红外光学系统为三次成像系统，一次像面在次镜2和第一透镜3之间，二次像面在第七透镜9和第八透镜10之间，三次像面为红外探测器的靶面；The fourteenth lens 16, the fifteenth lens 17 and the image plane 18 form a mid-wave infrared detector. This large-aperture infrared optical system is a three-time imaging system. The image plane is between the seventh lens 9 and the eighth lens 10, and the third image plane is the target surface of the infrared detector;
主镜1面型为抛物面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.7～-0.5之间；The main mirror 1 surface is a paraboloid, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.7 and -0.5;
次镜2面型为双曲面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.23～-0.16之间；The 2-sided surface of the secondary mirror is a hyperboloid, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.23 and -0.16;
第一透镜3中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.026～0.032之间；The first lens 3 includes at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.026 and 0.032;
第二透镜4中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.009～-0.006之间；The second lens 4 includes at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.009 and -0.006;
第三透镜5其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.005～0.022之间；The ratio of the focal length of the third lens 5 to the total focal length of the system is between 0.005 and 0.022;
第四透镜6中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距比值在-0.072～-0.045之间；The fourth lens 6 includes at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.072 and -0.045;
第五透镜7其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.012～0.028之间；The ratio of the focal length of the fifth lens 7 to the total focal length of the system is between 0.012 and 0.028;
第六透镜8至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.024～-0.011之间；The sixth lens 8 includes at least one aspheric surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.024 and -0.011;
第七透镜9中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.05～0.09之间；The seventh lens 9 includes at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.05 and 0.09;
第八透镜10其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.08～0.13之间；The ratio of the focal length of the eighth lens 10 to the total focal length of the system is between 0.08 and 0.13;
第九透镜11中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.02～0.07之间；The ninth lens 11 includes at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.02 and 0.07;
第十透镜12中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.02～0.05之间；The tenth lens 12 includes at least one aspheric surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.02 and 0.05;
第十一透镜13中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在-0.04～-0.01之间；The eleventh lens 13 includes at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between -0.04 and -0.01;
第十二透镜14其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.012～0.029之间；The ratio of the focal length of the twelfth lens 14 to the total focal length of the system is between 0.012 and 0.029;
第十三透镜15中至少包含一个非球面，其焦距和系统总焦距的比值在0.54～0.72之间；The thirteenth lens 15 includes at least one aspherical surface, and the ratio of its focal length to the total focal length of the system is between 0.54 and 0.72;
中波红外探测器的窗口16为制冷型中波红外探测器的保护窗口，保护窗口为锗制造而成的平行平板；The window 16 of the mid-wave infrared detector is the protective window of the cooling type mid-wave infrared detector, and the protective window is a parallel plate made of germanium;
中波红外探测器的滤光片17为制冷型中波红外探测器的滤光片，滤光片为硅制造而成的平行平板。The filter 17 of the mid-wave infrared detector is a filter of a cooled mid-wave infrared detector, and the filter is a parallel flat plate made of silicon.
该大口径红外光学系统的遮拦比为0.24。The blocking ratio of the large aperture infrared optical system is 0.24.
该大口径红外光学系统工作波段为中波红外3.7-4.8μm。The working band of the large-aperture infrared optical system is 3.7-4.8 μm in the mid-wave infrared.
图2为本发明的大口径红外光学系统的局部光路示意图，为折射式部分的局部光路图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial optical path of the large-aperture infrared optical system of the present invention, which is a partial optical path diagram of the refracting part.
本实施例的具体优化措施为应用光学设计软件构造优化函数，并加入像差与结构限制参量，逐步优化为现有结果。The specific optimization measure in this embodiment is to apply optical design software to construct an optimization function, and add parameters of aberration and structural constraints, and gradually optimize to the existing result.
本实施例通过以下技术措施实现：系统工作波段为中波红外3.7-4.8μm，主镜口径为600mm，系统焦距均为1200mm，视场为0.6°。This embodiment is realized through the following technical measures: the working band of the system is mid-wave infrared 3.7-4.8 μm, the aperture of the primary mirror is 600 mm, the focal length of the system is 1200 mm, and the field of view is 0.6°.
MTF曲线是本发明的大口径红外光学系统的重要评价指标，图3为本发明的大口径红外光学系统的MTF曲线示意图，横坐标和纵坐标分别为像面上的空间频率和光学系统的调制传递函数值，可知，在20lp/mm空间频率处，本发明的大口径红外光学系统的MTF基本都优于0.6，接近衍射极限，说明该大口径红外光学系统在全视场范围内已有较好的成像质量。The MTF curve is an important evaluation index of the large-aperture infrared optical system of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the MTF curve of the large-aperture infrared optical system of the present invention, and the abscissa and the ordinate are respectively the spatial frequency on the image plane and the modulation of the optical system Transfer function value, as can be seen, at the 20lp/mm spatial frequency place, the MTF of the large aperture infrared optical system of the present invention is basically all better than 0.6, close to the diffraction limit, illustrates that this large aperture infrared optical system has relatively good performance in the full field of view. Good image quality.
畸变是一种轴外像差，是指轴外点主光线在像面上交点的高度和理想像高的差值，畸变不会影响图像的清晰度，也不会降低系统的分辨率，它只是使图像的大小和图像发生某些变化。图4为本发明的大口径红外光学系统的场曲和畸变图，其中右侧图为光学系统各视场的畸变曲线，横坐标和纵坐标分别为畸变值和视场，可知全视场内的畸变都小于1.5％，具有较小的畸变。Distortion is an off-axis aberration, which refers to the difference between the height of the intersection point of the off-axis chief ray on the image plane and the ideal image height. Distortion will not affect the clarity of the image, nor will it reduce the resolution of the system. It Just make the size of the image and something change in the image. Fig. 4 is the field curvature and distortion diagram of the large-aperture infrared optical system of the present invention, wherein the figure on the right is the distortion curve of each field of view of the optical system, and the abscissa and ordinate are the distortion value and the field of view respectively, and it can be seen that in the entire field of view The distortions are less than 1.5%, with small distortion.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109343206A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | An infrared optical system and optical equipment |
| CN111290103A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-16 | 北京华北莱茵光电技术有限公司 | Large-area-array medium-wave infrared double-view-field optical system |
| CN111367042A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber long-focus infrared bicolor optical lens and imaging device |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109343206A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | An infrared optical system and optical equipment |
| CN109343206B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-09-01 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | An infrared optical system and optical equipment |
| CN111367042A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber long-focus infrared bicolor optical lens and imaging device |
| CN111367042B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2021-09-17 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber long-focus infrared bicolor optical lens and imaging device |
| CN111290103A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-16 | 北京华北莱茵光电技术有限公司 | Large-area-array medium-wave infrared double-view-field optical system |
| CN111290103B (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-11-23 | 北京华北莱茵光电技术有限公司 | Large-area-array medium-wave infrared double-view-field optical system |
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