CN108325360B - Interval type low-temperature plasma generator - Google Patents
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005949 ozonolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 8
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/44—Organic components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/8687—Organic components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
- B01D2251/104—Ozone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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Abstract
The invention relates to a space-type low-temperature plasma generator, which comprises a low-temperature plasma power supply, low-temperature plasma discharge units and a low-temperature plasma reactor, wherein two or more low-temperature plasma discharge units are inserted into the reactor, are distributed at intervals in the flowing direction of a medium, and the time of the medium passing through a non-discharge area between the discharge units distributed at intervals is 0.1s-50s. By discharging the waste water and the waste gas at intervals, the invention reduces the recombination probability of active particles in the low-temperature plasma generator, improves the efficiency of degrading pollutants in the waste water and the waste gas by the active particles, and reduces the generation probability of secondary pollutants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-temperature plasma generator for wastewater and waste gas treatment, in particular to a spacing type low-temperature plasma generator.
Background
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a significant source of atmospheric pollutants. A large amount of VOCs are discharged into the atmosphere and NOx, SOx, O 3 And complicated physicochemical reactions occur, so that haze is generated, and serious harm is brought to human health. At present, conventional treatment methods of VOCs include an activated carbon adsorption method, an absorption method, a heat storage combustion method, a catalytic oxidation method, a biological method, a photocatalysis method and the like, but various adverse factors such as incomplete purification, high operation cost and the like generally exist. The method for purifying industrial waste gas by decomposing various gaseous pollutant molecules by adopting a plasma technology has the advantages of wide pollutant range, strong concentration and flow fluctuation resistance, high purification efficiency and the like, and is capable of stopping and treating immediately.
In order to treat these toxic and harmful gases with low-temperature plasma, a great deal of basic research has been conducted on the mechanism of action of low-temperature plasma in exhaust gas treatment and the method of generating low-temperature plasma. The transfer of energy in a low temperature plasma is generally: electrons get energy from the electric field, and the energy is converted into internal energy and kinetic energy of molecules through collisions, so that the molecules getting energy are excited, and at the same time, part of the molecules are ionized, and the activated particles collide with each other to cause a series of complex physicochemical reactions. The plasma technology provides conditions for treating VOCs and malodorous substances through chemical reaction due to a large amount of active particles such as ions, electrons, excited atoms, molecules, free radicals and the like which are rich in the plasma. However, in the process of degrading VOCs and malodorous substances, the active particles are often not combined with new active particles which are excited by newly generated high-energy electrons when the VOCs and malodorous substances react, so that the utilization rate of the active particles is not high.
In addition, O can be generated when the discharge medium of the low-temperature plasma is air or oxygen 3 Ozone has a longer life than other active particles and, if underutilized, has a portion of O 3 The molecules are compounded by the newly generated active particles, so that the utilization rate of the active particles is not high, and secondary pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and the like can be generated.
Therefore, the recombination probability of active particles in the low-temperature plasma generator is reduced, which means that the efficiency of the active particles for degrading VOCs and malodorous substances is improved, and the generation probability of secondary pollutants is reduced.
Aiming at the problems, although the patent CN204429064U, CN204380489U, CN201830541U, CN103418217B, CN204485611U, CN203002160U refers to multistage series discharge, the technical proposal of the patents only simply increases the stage number and the total input power of the plasma generator, and the invention has the advantages that the plasma generators are arranged at intervals on the premise of the same power input, the recombination probability of active components is effectively reduced, and the treatment effect on waste water or waste gas is improved, which is essentially different in mechanism and effect; in addition, these patents have attempted to increase the processing effect by extending the discharge time for each stage, which is essentially different from the present patent, which shortens the discharge time for each stage.
Disclosure of Invention
By discharging the waste water and the waste gas at intervals, the invention reduces the recombination probability of active particles in the low-temperature plasma generator, improves the efficiency of degrading pollutants in the waste water and the waste gas by the active particles, and reduces the generation probability of secondary pollutants.
The invention provides a spaced low-temperature plasma generator, which comprises a low-temperature plasma power supply, a low-temperature plasma discharge unit and a low-temperature plasma reactor, wherein two or more low-temperature plasma discharge units are inserted into the low-temperature plasma reactor and are distributed at intervals in the flowing direction of a medium, and the low-temperature plasma reactor is divided into a discharge area and a non-discharge area.
Preferably, the time for the medium to pass through the non-discharge region is 0.1s-50s.
Preferably, the spacing distance of the low-temperature plasma discharge units in the medium flow direction can be adjusted according to requirements.
Preferably, the low-temperature plasma power supply is any one of a high-voltage power supply, a direct-current power supply and a pulse power supply, and the output power of the power supply can be adjusted as required.
Preferably, the discharge pattern of the low-temperature plasma discharge unit is any one of corona discharge, single dielectric barrier discharge, double dielectric barrier discharge, glow discharge and radio frequency discharge.
Preferably, the low-temperature plasma generator is any one of grid type, wire cylinder type or plate wire type.
Preferably, the discharge area or the non-discharge area of the low-temperature plasma generator is filled with ozone catalytic oxidizer, ozone decomposer, activated carbon and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a plurality of groups of discharge units are arranged along the flowing direction of the waste water and the waste gas, and the waste water or the waste gas is discharged at intervals, so that the recombination probability of active particles in the low-temperature plasma generator can be reduced, and the degradation efficiency of the active particles on pollutants is improved.
The effect of inhibiting the recombination of the low-temperature plasma active components is analyzed by changing the total hydrocarbon degradation effect of the organic waste gas:
(1) The discharge units are arranged along the flowing direction of the wastewater and the exhaust gas, so that the disturbance of the gas flow can be effectively enhanced, and the mixing of media is promoted, thereby increasing the collision and reaction probability of active free radicals and pollutant molecules and improving the utilization efficiency of the active free radicals. The data of the pilot, pilot and industry experiments show that a single discharge cell is turned on, and an unopened discharge cell is placed after that, compared with the prior art without the discharge unit, the degradation efficiency of the total hydrocarbon of the organic waste gas is improved by 3 percent through the two-stage dielectric barrier discharge equipment;
(2) The generation of active radicals in dielectric barrier discharge depends on the energy injection in the discharge process, and generally, as the injection energy increases, the yield of active radicals increases, but the increase gradually slows down, and the injection energy of a single discharge unit and the generation density of active radicals have upper limits. Therefore, under certain power consumption, a plurality of groups of discharge units are adopted to reasonably distribute energy injection, and the method has an important influence on the yield of active free radicals. The pilot test and pilot test experiment researches show that the total hydrocarbon degradation efficiency of the discharge equipment which is subjected to two-stage dielectric barrier is obviously higher than that of the discharge equipment which is only provided with a single discharge unit by adopting the single discharge unit and arranging an unopened discharge unit after the single discharge unit;
(3) Experiments show that the power of each discharge unit is 180W, the contact time of the organic waste gas and the low-temperature plasma generator is 0.1S, the distance between the two low-temperature plasma generators is increased from 0.3m to 1.0m, and the total hydrocarbon degradation efficiency is 81%. Under the condition of certain total power consumption, compared with a single discharge unit, the total hydrocarbon degradation efficiency of starting two groups of discharge units is improved by 19% by increasing the discharge interval. The reason is that O and O generated during the discharge process 3 The isoactive free radical has higher density and longer service life (> 1 s), is difficult to completely consume when generated by the first discharge unit and reaches the second discharge unit along with the flowing of the gas, and has a large amount of O and O around the second discharge unit 3 The presence of isoactive radicals which inhibit the second discharge cells O and O 3 Thus, when two discharge cells are arranged closely, the total O and O are generated 3 The quantity is lower than the sum generated when the two discharge units are arranged independently, and the invention adopts a design with adjustable spacing, so that the problem is effectively avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a spaced-apart low temperature plasma generator according to the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1-a low temperature plasma reactor; 2-a low temperature plasma generator; 3-a low temperature plasma power supply; 4-junction box; 5-window; 6-a sewage outlet; 7-purge port.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The setting parameters of the interval type low temperature plasma generator are as follows: the 2 single-medium blocking and linear cylinder type low-temperature plasma generators are distributed at intervals in the medium flowing direction, the total input power is 360W, the medium flowing speed is 0.05m/s, the contact time of the medium and each plasma generator is 0.9s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 0.1s.
Taking organic volatile waste gas generated by a sewage treatment device of a certain oil refinery to test, wherein the benzene content in the waste gas is 80mg/Nm before the test 3 After the degradation by the above-mentioned interval type low-temperature plasma generator, the benzene content was 24mg/Nm 3 The benzene removal rate reaches 70 percent.
Comparative example 1
The setting parameters of the common low-temperature plasma generator are as follows: the 1 single-medium blocking and linear cylinder type low-temperature plasma generator is continuously distributed in the medium flowing direction, the total input power is 360W, the medium flowing speed is 0.05m/s, the contact time of the medium and the plasma generator is 1.8s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 0.1s.
The same organic waste gas as in example 1 was used for the test, and the benzene removal rate was 49%.
Example 2
The setting parameters of the interval type low temperature plasma generator are as follows: the 2 double-dielectric-barrier grid-type low-temperature plasma generators are distributed at intervals in the flowing direction of the medium, the total input power is 360W, the contact time of the medium and each plasma generator is 0.1s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 50s.
Taking organic waste gas volatile gas generated by a sewage treatment device of a certain oil refinery to test, wherein the total hydrocarbon content in the waste gas is 760mg/Nm before the test 3 After degradation by the above-mentioned intermittent low-temperature plasma generator, the total hydrocarbon content was 152mg/Nm 3 The total hydrocarbon removal rate reaches 89%.
Comparative example 2
The setting parameters of the common low-temperature plasma generator are as follows: the outer electrodes of the 1 double-dielectric-barrier grid type low-temperature plasma generator are continuously distributed in the medium flowing direction, the total input power is 360W, the medium flowing speed is 0.1m/s, the contact time of the medium and the plasma generator is 0.2s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 50s.
The same organic waste gas as in example 2 was used for the test, and the total hydrocarbon removal rate was 67%.
Example 3
The setting parameters of the interval type low temperature plasma generator are as follows: 3 corona discharge arrays and wire barrel type low-temperature plasma generators are distributed at intervals, the total input power is 360W, the contact time of a medium and each plasma generator is 0.1s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 30s.
And (3) taking organic volatile gas waste gas generated by a sewage treatment device of a certain oil refinery to carry out a test, wherein before the test, the malodorous concentration content of malodorous gases such as mercaptan, thioether and the like in the waste gas is 10000, and after the waste gas is degraded by the interval type low-temperature plasma generator, the malodorous concentration content of the malodorous gases is 1000, and the removal rate is 90%.
Comparative example 3
The setting parameters of the common low-temperature plasma generator are as follows: the outer electrode of the 1 corona discharge array wire cylinder type low-temperature plasma generator is distributed in the medium flowing direction, the total input power is 360W, the contact time of the medium and the plasma generator is 0.3s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 30s.
The same organic waste gas as in example 3 was used for the test, and the malodorous gas removal rate of the malodorous gas such as thiol and thioether was 56%.
Example 4
The setting parameters of the interval type low temperature plasma generator are as follows: 4 corona discharge arrays and wire drum type low-temperature plasma generators are distributed at intervals in the medium flowing direction, the total input power of a pulse power supply is 360W, the medium flowing speed is 0.1m/s, the contact time of the medium and each plasma generator is 5s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 25s.
Taking effluent of a sewage treatment device of a certain oil refinery for test, wherein before the test, the content of COD in the wastewater is 90mg/L, and after the degradation of the intermittent low-temperature plasma generator, the content of COD is 49.5mg/L, and the removal rate is 55%.
Comparative example 4
The setting parameters of the common low-temperature plasma generator are as follows: 1 corona discharge array and wire barrel type low-temperature plasma generator are distributed in the medium flowing direction, the total input power is 360W, the medium flowing speed is 0.1m/s, the contact time of the medium and each plasma generator is 20s, and the residence time in a non-discharge area is 25s.
The same wastewater as in example 4 was used for the test, and the COD removal rate was 40%.
Example 5
The setting parameters of the interval type low temperature plasma generator are as follows: 5 glow discharge low-temperature plasma generators are distributed at intervals in the flowing direction of a medium, the total input power is 360W, the flowing speed of the medium is 10m/s, the contact time of the medium and each plasma generator is 0.01s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 5s.
Taking organic volatile gas generated by a sewage treatment device of a certain oil refinery to test, wherein the benzene content in the waste gas is 120mg/Nm before the test 3 After the degradation by the above-mentioned interval type low-temperature plasma generator, the benzene content was 80mg/Nm 3 The benzene removal rate reaches 33%.
Comparative example 5
The setting parameters of the common low-temperature plasma generator are as follows: the 1 glow discharge low-temperature plasma generator is continuously distributed in the medium flowing direction, the total input power is 360W, the medium flowing speed is 10m/s, the contact time of the medium and the plasma generator is 0.05s, and the residence time of the medium in the non-discharge area is 5s.
The same organic volatile gas as in example 5 was used for the test, and the benzene removal rate was 21%.
Example 6
The setting parameters of the interval type low temperature plasma generator are as follows: the 2 dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature plasma generators are distributed at intervals of 0.6m in the flowing direction of the medium, the total input power is 360W, the flowing speed of the medium is 1m/s, the contact time of the medium and each plasma generator is 0.05s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 0.6s.
Taking organic volatile gas generated by a sewage treatment device of a certain oil refinery to test, wherein the benzene content in the waste gas is 120mg/Nm before the test 3 After the degradation by the above-mentioned interval type low-temperature plasma generator, the benzene content was 74mg/Nm 3 The benzene removal rate reaches 38 percent.
Comparative example 6
The setting parameters of the interval type low temperature plasma generator are as follows: the 2 dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature plasma generators are distributed at intervals of 0.3m in the flowing direction of the medium, the total input power is 360W, the flowing speed of the medium is 1m/s, the contact time of the medium and each plasma generator is 0.05s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 0.3s.
The same organic volatile gas as in example 6 was used for the test, and the benzene removal rate was 35%.
Example 7
The setting parameters of the interval type low temperature plasma generator are as follows: the 2 dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature plasma generators are distributed at intervals of 0.6m in the flowing direction of the medium, an ozonolysis agent layer with the thickness of 5cm is filled between the two low-temperature plasma generators, the total input power is 360W, the flowing speed of the medium is 1m/s, the contact time of the medium and each plasma generator is 0.05s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 2s.
Taking organic volatile gas generated by a sewage treatment device of a certain oil refinery to test, wherein the benzene content in the waste gas is 120mg/Nm before the test 3 After the degradation by the above-mentioned interval type low-temperature plasma generator, the benzene content was 46mg/Nm 3 The benzene removal rate reaches 61%.
Comparative example 7
The setting parameters of the interval type low temperature plasma generator are as follows: the 2 dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature plasma generators are distributed at intervals of 0.6m in the flowing direction of the medium, the total input power is 360W, the flowing speed of the medium is 1m/s, the contact time of the medium and each plasma generator is 0.05s, and the residence time of the medium in a non-discharge area is 2s.
The same organic volatile gas as in example 7 was used for the test, and the benzene removal rate was 38%.
As can be seen from the above examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-6, the present invention reduces the recombination probability of active particles in a low temperature plasma generator by discharging waste water and waste gas at intervals, and significantly improves the efficiency of the active particles in degrading pollutants in the waste water and waste gas.
As can be seen from example 7 and comparative example 7, the ozone decomposer layer is filled in the interval type low-temperature plasma generator, so that the recombination probability of active particles in the low-temperature plasma generator can be further reduced, and the efficiency of degrading pollutants in waste water and waste gas by the active particles is obviously improved.
Claims (5)
1. An interval type low-temperature plasma generator comprises a low-temperature plasma power supply, a low-temperature plasma discharge unit and a low-temperature plasma reactor, and is characterized in that two or more low-temperature plasma discharge units are inserted into the low-temperature plasma reactor and are distributed at intervals in the flowing direction of a medium, and the low-temperature plasma reactor is divided into a discharge area and a non-discharge area;
the time for the medium to pass through the non-discharge area is 0.1s-50s;
the spacing distance of the low-temperature plasma discharge units in the medium flow direction can be adjusted according to the requirement.
2. The intermittent low-temperature plasma generator according to claim 1, wherein the low-temperature plasma power supply is any one of a high-voltage power supply, a direct-current power supply and a pulse power supply, and the output power of the power supply can be adjusted as required.
3. The spaced apart low temperature plasma generator of claim 1, wherein the low temperature plasma discharge cells are in the form of any one of corona discharge, single dielectric barrier discharge, double dielectric barrier discharge, glow discharge, and radio frequency discharge.
4. The spaced apart low temperature plasma generator of claim 1, wherein the low temperature plasma generator is any one of grid, wire-cylinder, or plate-wire.
5. The spaced apart low temperature plasma generator of claim 1, wherein the discharge region and the non-discharge region are filled with an ozone catalytic oxidizer, an ozonolysis agent, or activated carbon.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201720633429 | 2017-06-02 | ||
| CN2017206334293 | 2017-06-02 |
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| CN108325360A CN108325360A (en) | 2018-07-27 |
| CN108325360B true CN108325360B (en) | 2024-03-01 |
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| CN201710684040.6A Active CN108325360B (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2017-08-11 | Interval type low-temperature plasma generator |
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| CN105833677A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and equipment for treating volatile organic compounds by low-temperature plasma coupling adsorption |
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| CN105833677A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2016-08-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and equipment for treating volatile organic compounds by low-temperature plasma coupling adsorption |
| CN207324469U (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-05-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of compartment low-temperature plasma generator |
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