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CN108318871B - Cold air calibration correction method for satellite-borne microwave radiometer - Google Patents

Cold air calibration correction method for satellite-borne microwave radiometer Download PDF

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CN108318871B
CN108318871B CN201810296883.3A CN201810296883A CN108318871B CN 108318871 B CN108318871 B CN 108318871B CN 201810296883 A CN201810296883 A CN 201810296883A CN 108318871 B CN108318871 B CN 108318871B
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count value
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CN108318871A (en
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金旭
王丛丛
邢妍
胡泰洋
李延明
李�浩
吕容川
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Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
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Abstract

A calibration correction method, in particular to a cold air calibration correction method of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer, which is characterized in that a cold air observation count value which only changes along with the temperature of a receiver is fitted by utilizing cold air observation data in an ocean area, the cold air observation count value in each scanning period which is actually influenced by the contribution of earth sidelobe radiation is calibrated to obtain a cold air calibration brightness temperature correction value, and then the cold air calibration brightness temperature correction value, an original cold air observation count value, an original heat source observation count value and a heat source brightness temperature are utilized to calibrate a scene observation count value, so that a calibration error caused by the cold air brightness temperature error is corrected, and the calibration precision is improved.

Description

Cold air calibration correction method for satellite-borne microwave radiometer
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cold air calibration correction method for a satellite-borne microwave radiometer, and belongs to the field of microwave remote sensing.
Background
At present, the standard 2.73K radiation brightness temperature is generally adopted for cold air brightness temperature in a calibration module of a microwave radiometer ground data processing system. However, since cold air observation is realized by the antenna pointing to the cold air background in the universe, earth radiation with higher radiation brightness temperature enters the cold air observation field of view from the side lobe direction of the antenna directional diagram for cold air observation, so that the radiometer actually receives the cold air nominal radiation brightness temperature higher than 2.73K. If the 2.73K cold air radiation brightness temperature is directly adopted for calibration, a calibration error of the target brightness temperature is directly brought, so that an inversion error of marine environment parameters is caused, and the precision of a data processing result is reduced. When correcting the cold air calibration brightness temperature in each scanning period, firstly, a part of antenna directional pattern side lobes need to be projected to the earth, and then directional pattern data projected to each point of the earth and corresponding earth radiation brightness temperature are weighted and summed, so that the earth area radiation brightness temperature contribution is calculated. However, the method needs to complete the projection of the cold air observation antenna side lobe to the ground once in each scanning period, and the calculation amount is large, so that the requirement of efficient data processing is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of fitting a cold air observation count value which only changes along with the temperature of a receiver, scaling the cold air observation count value in each scanning period which is actually influenced by the contribution of earth sidelobe radiation to obtain a cold air calibration brightness temperature correction value, then calibrating a scene observation count value by using the cold air brightness temperature correction value and an original heat source observation count value, correcting a calibration error caused by the cold air brightness temperature error, and improving calibration precision.
The technical solution of the method of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, observing the target by using a microwave radiometer to obtain an original cold air observation count value, an original heat source observation count value, a heat source bright temperature and an original scene observation count value, and respectively calculating cold air observation average count values of the satellite points in the ocean area and the land area according to the original cold air observation count value; calculating scene brightness temperature average values of an ocean area and a land area respectively by combining the original heat source observation count value and the original scene observation count value, and calculating an earth scale factor by the scene brightness temperature average values of the ocean area and the land area, the cold air observation average count values of the satellite points positioned in the ocean area and the land area and the average gain of a microwave radiometer system, wherein the earth scale factor is a scale factor of the earth area in the whole cold air antenna directional diagram when the microwave radiometer performs cold air calibration observation;
s2, fitting the relation between the original cold air observation count value of the sub-satellite point in the ocean area and the change of the sub-satellite point latitude, and calculating the cold air observation count value in each scanning period by combining the sub-satellite point latitude of each scanning period of the microwave radiometer;
s3, calculating a sea area cold air brightness temperature correction value according to the earth scale factor and the average value of the global sea area brightness temperature simulation value;
s4, scaling the original cold air observation count value according to the cold air observation count value, the ocean area cold air bright temperature correction value, the original heat source observation count value and the heat source bright temperature in each scanning period to obtain a cold air scaled bright temperature correction value;
and S5, calibrating the original scene observation count value according to the cold air calibration brightness temperature correction value, the original cold air observation count value, the original heat source observation count value and the heat source brightness temperature to obtain a scene brightness temperature correction value.
The earth scale factor f in S1CsEIs calculated by
Figure BDA0001618831830000021
Wherein,
Figure BDA0001618831830000022
is the average gain of the microwave radiometer system, and
Figure BDA0001618831830000023
Figure BDA0001618831830000024
the average count value is observed for the heat source,
Figure BDA0001618831830000025
the average count value is observed for the cold air,
Figure BDA0001618831830000026
is the average brightness temperature of heat source, TC0Is a nominal radiant bright temperature of cold air TC0Is 2.73K;
Figure BDA0001618831830000027
is the average count value of cold air observation when the subsatellite point is positioned in the land area,
Figure BDA0001618831830000028
is the average value of the brightness and the temperature of the scene in the land area,
Figure BDA0001618831830000029
the average count value of cold air observation when the subsatellite point is positioned in the ocean area,
Figure BDA00016188318300000210
and the average value of the brightness and the temperature of the scene in the ocean area is shown.
Further, the relation between the scene observation count value and the scene brightness temperature is as follows:
Figure BDA0001618831830000031
wherein, CSIn order to count the number of scene observations,
Figure BDA0001618831830000032
Figure BDA0001618831830000033
CHfor the raw heat source observed count value, CCFor the original cold air observation count value, THThe temperature of the heat source is light, and u is a nonlinear coefficient of the channel measured by a ground laboratory.
Further, the sea area cold air bright temperature correction value T in S3C0corIs calculated by
Figure BDA0001618831830000034
Wherein,
Figure BDA0001618831830000035
the average value of the brightness and temperature simulation values of the global ocean area is obtained.
Further, the cold air fixed standard brightness temperature correction value T in S4CcorIs calculated by
Figure BDA0001618831830000036
Wherein,
Figure BDA0001618831830000037
Figure BDA0001618831830000038
CC,Satthe count value is observed for cold air within each scan cycle.
Further, the method for calculating the scene brightness temperature correction value in S5 is that,
Figure BDA00016188318300000312
compared with the prior art, the method of the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the traditional cold air calibration bright temperature correction adopts the simple multiplication of a cold air correction scale factor and the earth radiation bright temperature to calculate the cold air correction bright temperature, but the cold air antenna directional pattern minor lobe can not be corrected accurately, and the cold air calibration bright temperature error under the ocean and land conditions is included. The method can overcome the defects of the traditional correction method, accurately correct the cold air antenna directional pattern side lobe and simultaneously correct the cold air brightness temperature error under the ocean and land conditions, and further improve the overall data processing precision.
(2) In order to obtain accurate earth radiation brightness temperature in a traditional cold air calibration brightness temperature correction method, partial side lobes of a cold air antenna directional diagram need to be projected to the earth and radiation brightness temperature integrals of all points of the earth, and the data processing efficiency is low. According to the method, the contribution of the earth radiation to the cold air calibration temperature is not required to be calculated in each scanning period through an integral method, the accurate correction of the cold air calibration brightness temperature is realized only by calibrating the actual cold air observation count value based on fitting data, the accuracy of a data processing result is ensured, meanwhile, a large amount of projection calculation is avoided, and the data processing efficiency is improved.
(3) The cold air calibration brightness temperature correction method has a simple principle, the correction calculation process is simple, convenient and feasible to realize, the correction calculation process is convenient to realize in a ground data processing system, and the precision of the data processing result of the ground system can be further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of microwave radiometer calibration;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The satellite-borne microwave radiometer performs remote sensing measurement on marine environment parameters such as sea surface temperature, wind speed, atmospheric liquid water content, atmospheric water-gas content and the like by passively receiving sea surface microwave radiation signals. The satellite-borne microwave radiometer realizes continuous scanning observation of the ocean target through periodic rotation of the antenna, and in each scanning period, the microwave radiometer sequentially observes a scene, a heat source and cold air. The heat source is realized by a microwave absorber which is subjected to precise temperature control and is at a constant temperature, and the cold air is realized by an antenna with a wave beam pointing to the background of the space cold air. System calibration parameters can be determined by observing the heat source and the cold air in combination with ground test parameters during each scan cycle, and the scene observation count value is converted into a light temperature, as shown in fig. 1.
In a ground data processing system of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer, calibrating a scene observation count value in the same scanning period by using an on-orbit original heat source observation count value, an original cold air observation count value, a heat source brightness temperature, a cold source radiation brightness temperature and a nonlinear coefficient of the radiometer to obtain a scene observation brightness temperature:
Figure BDA0001618831830000041
Figure BDA0001618831830000042
Figure BDA0001618831830000043
Figure BDA0001618831830000044
Figure BDA0001618831830000051
CHand CCRespectively an original heat source observation count value and an original cold air observation count value, TH0And TC0Respectively the heat source and the cold source radiate bright temperature, CSAnd u is a nonlinear coefficient measured by a ground laboratory as a scene observation counting value.
At present, the standard 2.73K radiation brightness temperature is generally adopted for cold air brightness temperature in a calibration module of a microwave radiometer ground data processing system. However, since the cold air is realized by the antenna pointing to the cold air background in the universe, the earth radiation with higher radiation brightness temperature enters the cold air observation field of view from the side lobe direction of the antenna directional diagram for cold air observation, which causes the radiometer to actually receive the cold air nominal radiation brightness temperature with the brightness temperature higher than 2.73K, namely:
Figure BDA0001618831830000052
Figure BDA0001618831830000053
wherein
Figure BDA0001618831830000054
Represents the distribution of the brightness and the temperature of the earth radiation,
Figure BDA0001618831830000055
representing the antenna directional diagram observed in cold air, SL representing the solid angle area occupied by the earth in the secondary lobe of the antenna directional diagram, ML representing the solid angle areas of the antenna directional diagram pointing to cold air except the solid angle area occupied by the earth, TC0It was 2.73K.
T 'is caused by earth radiation with generally high brightness temperature'C0Greater than TC0. If the 2.73K cold air radiation brightness temperature is directly adopted for calibration, a calibration error of the target brightness temperature is directly brought, so that an inversion error of marine environment parameters is caused, and the precision of a data processing result is reduced.
The steps of the method of the invention are shown in fig. 2, and specifically are as follows:
(1) calculating the earth scale factor
The earth scale factor represents the proportion coefficient of the earth region in the whole cold air observation antenna directional diagram when the microwave radiometer carries out cold air calibration observation. The scale factor may be calculated using in-orbit measured data.
a) Nominal light temperature T using cold airC0(2.73K), Heat Source Observation count value CHCold air observation count value CCHeat source brightness temperature THAnd the channel nonlinear coefficient u to the scene observation count value CSScaling to obtain a scene brightness temperature estimated value T'B。
Figure BDA0001618831830000056
Figure BDA0001618831830000061
Figure BDA0001618831830000062
Figure BDA0001618831830000063
Figure BDA0001618831830000064
b) Nominal radiant light temperature T using cold airC0Average heat source observation count value
Figure BDA0001618831830000065
Average count value of cold source observation
Figure BDA0001618831830000066
Average brightness temperature of heat source
Figure BDA0001618831830000067
Calculating to obtain average gain of radiometer system
Figure BDA0001618831830000068
Figure BDA0001618831830000069
c) Cold air observation average meter with subsatellite point in ocean areaHas a value of
Figure BDA00016188318300000610
Corresponding ocean observed light temperature average value of
Figure BDA00016188318300000611
The average cold air observation count value when the subsatellite point is positioned in the land area is
Figure BDA00016188318300000612
Corresponding to the average value of the brightness temperature observed on land as
Figure BDA00016188318300000613
d) According to
Figure BDA00016188318300000614
And
Figure BDA00016188318300000615
can calculate the earth scale factor fCsE。
Figure BDA00016188318300000616
(2) Cold air observation count value fitting
Under the condition that the temperature of the heat source is stable, the change relation of the channel gain (temperature) of the microwave radiometer along with the latitude of the satellite point can be deduced according to the change characteristic of the observation counting value of the heat source along with the latitude of the satellite point. Fitting the cold air observation count value of all the subsatellite points of each rail in the ocean area along with the change relation of the subsatellite point latitude, and fitting the change relation of the cold source observation count value along with the subsatellite point latitude theta:
CC＝F(θ) (4-8)
(3) cold air observation count calculation
When the microwave radiometer performs cold air observation in any scanning period, the latitude of the corresponding sub-satellite point is set as thetaSatThen, each time can be calculated according to the fitted relation (4-8) of the cold air observation counting value and the change of the satellite point latitude thetaThe cold air observation count value in each scanning period is as follows:
CC,Sat＝F(θSar) (4-9)
(4) ocean area cold air light temperature correction
The earth scale factor f calculated from the formula (4-7)CsEThe cold air correction brightness temperature when the sub-satellite point is located in the ocean area can be calculated:
Figure BDA0001618831830000071
Figure BDA0001618831830000072
is an average value calculated based on the global marine field pattern light temperature data. The global marine area mode brightness temperature (bright temperature computed from RTM) is obtained by taking global marine environment parameters such as sea surface temperature, sea surface wind speed, atmospheric liquid water content, atmospheric water vapor and sea water salinity and the like as input and substituting the input parameters into the conventional radiative Transfer model function RTM (radial Transfer model) for calculation. Then, the average value can be obtained by carrying out statistical averaging on the sea surface mode brightness temperature
Figure BDA0001618831830000073
(5) Cold air calibration brightness temperature correction
Using the cold air observed count value C derived in each scanning periodC,SatOcean area cold air brightness temperature correction value TC0corOriginal heat source observation count value CHAnd heat source brightness temperature THCounting the value C of the original cold air observation in each scanning periodCCalibrating to obtain a cold air observation brightness temperature correction value TCcor。
Figure BDA0001618831830000074
Figure BDA0001618831830000075
Figure BDA0001618831830000076
Figure BDA0001618831830000077
Figure BDA0001618831830000078
(6) Scene observation brightness and temperature calibration
Observing a count value C by using original cold air in each scanning periodCCold air correction brightness temperature value T in formula (4-15)CcorAnd heat source observation count value CHHeat source brightness temperature THAnd channel non-linear coefficient for each scanning period scene observation count value CSRe-scaling to obtain the scene brightness temperature correction value after re-scaling the scene count value after the cold air brightness temperature correction
Figure BDA0001618831830000081
Figure BDA0001618831830000082
Figure BDA0001618831830000083
Figure BDA0001618831830000084
Figure BDA0001618831830000085
Figure BDA0001618831830000086
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.

Claims (6)

1. A cold air calibration correction method for a satellite-borne microwave radiometer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, observing the target by using a microwave radiometer to obtain an original cold air observation count value, an original heat source observation count value, a heat source bright temperature and an original scene observation count value, and respectively calculating cold air observation average count values of the satellite points in the ocean area and the land area according to the original cold air observation count value; calculating scene brightness temperature average values of an ocean area and a land area respectively by combining the original heat source observation count value and the original scene observation count value, and calculating an earth scale factor by the scene brightness temperature average values of the ocean area and the land area, the cold air observation average count values of the satellite points positioned in the ocean area and the land area and the average gain of a microwave radiometer system, wherein the earth scale factor is a scale factor of the earth area in the whole cold air antenna directional diagram when the microwave radiometer performs cold air calibration observation;
s2, fitting the relation between the original cold air observation count value of the sub-satellite point in the ocean area and the change of the sub-satellite point latitude, and calculating the cold air observation count value in each scanning period by combining the sub-satellite point latitude of each scanning period of the microwave radiometer;
s3, calculating a sea area cold air brightness temperature correction value according to the earth scale factor and the average value of the global sea area brightness temperature simulation value;
s4, scaling the original cold air observation count value according to the cold air observation count value, the ocean area cold air bright temperature correction value, the original heat source observation count value and the heat source bright temperature in each scanning period to obtain a cold air scaled bright temperature correction value;
and S5, calibrating the original scene observation count value according to the cold air calibration brightness temperature correction value, the original cold air observation count value, the original heat source observation count value and the heat source brightness temperature to obtain a scene brightness temperature correction value.
2. The on-board microwave radiometer of claim 1The cold air calibration correction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the earth scale factor f in S1CsEIs calculated by
Figure FDA0002210417090000011
Wherein,
Figure FDA0002210417090000012
is the average gain of the microwave radiometer system, and
Figure FDA0002210417090000013
Figure FDA0002210417090000014
the average count value is observed for the heat source,
Figure FDA0002210417090000015
the average count value is observed for the cold air,
Figure FDA0002210417090000016
is the average brightness temperature of heat source, TC0Is a nominal radiant bright temperature of cold air TC0Is 2.73K;
Figure FDA0002210417090000021
is the average count value of cold air observation when the subsatellite point is positioned in the land area,
Figure FDA0002210417090000022
is the average value of the brightness and the temperature of the scene in the land area,
Figure FDA0002210417090000023
the average count value of cold air observation when the subsatellite point is positioned in the ocean area,
Figure FDA0002210417090000024
and the average value of the brightness and the temperature of the scene in the ocean area is shown.
3. The cold air calibration correction method of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the relation between the scene observation count value and the scene brightness temperature is as follows:
Figure FDA0002210417090000025
wherein, CSIn order to count the number of scene observations,
Figure FDA0002210417090000026
Figure FDA0002210417090000027
CHfor the raw heat source observed count value, CCFor the original cold air observation count value, THThe temperature of the heat source is light, and u is a nonlinear coefficient of the channel measured by a ground laboratory.
4. The cold air calibration correction method of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the correction value T of the cold air brightness temperature of the ocean area in S3C0corIs calculated by
Figure FDA0002210417090000028
Wherein,
Figure FDA0002210417090000029
the average value of the brightness and temperature simulation values of the global ocean area is obtained.
5. The cold air calibration correction method of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 3, characterized in that: the cold air fixed standard brightness temperature correction value T in S4CcorIs calculated by
Figure FDA00022104170900000210
Wherein,
Figure FDA00022104170900000211
Figure FDA00022104170900000212
CC,Satfor cold-air observation of the count value, T, in each scanning cycleC0corAnd the corrected value is the cold air brightness temperature value of the ocean area.
6. The cold air calibration correction method of the satellite-borne microwave radiometer according to claim 5, characterized in that: the scene brightness temperature correction value in S5
Figure FDA00022104170900000213
Is calculated by
Figure FDA00022104170900000214
Wherein,
Figure FDA00022104170900000215
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CN110456295B (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-04-02 国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心) Microwave radiometer on-orbit calibration method based on real-time monitoring of antenna directional diagram
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