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CN108290575B - 具有至少一个电子的控制单元用于控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机的控制系统 - Google Patents

具有至少一个电子的控制单元用于控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机的控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108290575B
CN108290575B CN201680067133.8A CN201680067133A CN108290575B CN 108290575 B CN108290575 B CN 108290575B CN 201680067133 A CN201680067133 A CN 201680067133A CN 108290575 B CN108290575 B CN 108290575B
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combustion engine
internal combustion
situation
control unit
traffic light
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CN108290575A (zh
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F·维斯贝克
M·范格利库姆
N·斯玛依洛维克
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/12Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using control strategies taking into account route information
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/0097Predicting future conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0822Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode related to action of the driver
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0833Vehicle conditions
    • F02N11/0837Environmental conditions thereof, e.g. traffic, weather or road conditions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F02N2200/101Accelerator pedal position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F02N2300/2006Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control method using prediction of future conditions
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Abstract

在按照本发明的具有至少一个电子的控制单元用于控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机的控制系统中,所述控制单元被设计使得:所述控制单元在所预期的速度走向和至少所预测的当前交通灯阶段持续时间方面分析输入信号,以便检测用于识别当前情况的以及用于识别至少一种在不久的未来中存在的情况的数据;并且根据所预期的速度走向和至少所预测的当前交通灯阶段持续时间以及根据通过驾驶员交互的负载变化,与当前预定的电动行驶速度界限和/或电动行驶负载界限无关地与情况适配地控制内燃机的起动和停止。

Description

具有至少一个电子的控制单元用于控制混合动力车辆中的内 燃机的控制系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制系统,所述控制系统具有至少一个电子的控制单元用于控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机。
背景技术
自多年以来,混合动力车辆也已经作为如下量产车辆已知,所述量产车辆包含至少一个内燃机和至少一个电机作为驱动发动机。这种混合动力车辆包括具有至少一个电子控制单元的控制系统,所述控制单元尤其是通过相应被编程的功能模块来实施不同的用于选择与相应当前的行驶情况适配的运行模式的运行方法。可选择的运行模式尤其是纯电动行驶(仅电机驱动;“E模式”,“电动行驶”)、纯内燃机式行驶(仅内燃机驱动)和/或混合动力驱动行驶(不仅电机而且内燃机驱动)。
已知的运行方法优先考虑电池或其它电储存器(例如超级电容)的荷电状态来选择运行模式。部分地在此也考虑如下参数,例如当前车辆速度、当前行驶行为或确定的当前设定的客户功能。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,进一步改善具有开头提及类型的运行方法的控制系统。
该任务通过以下按照本发明的技术方案来解决。
在按照本发明的具有至少一个电子的控制单元用于控制混合动力车辆的内燃机的控制系统中,所述控制单元被设计使得:所述控制单元在所预期的速度走向和所预测的交通灯阶段变换方面分析输入信号,以便检测用于识别当前情况的以及用于识别至少一种在不久的未来中存在的情况的数据,并且所述控制单元根据所预期的速度走向和所预测的交通灯阶段变换以及根据负载相关的驾驶员交互、与当前预定的电动行驶速度界限和/或负载界限无关地与情况适配地控制内燃机的起动和停止;以及,所述控制单元被设计使得:当在过渡到未来情况中时预期即将变换为红色交通灯阶段时,所述控制单元立即地随着在当前情况中在内燃机关断时的提高负载的驾驶员交互而开动内燃机。
本发明总体包括一种用于控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机的起动和停止的方法,其中,借助在所预期的速度走向方面和优选也在负载走向方面评估当前情况以及前方情况(优选在定义的预测范围内),根据驾驶员交互和/或根据高压储存器的荷电状态以定义的方式对起动和停止行为进行优化,在更下面更详尽地探讨所述定义的方式。
按照本发明,原则上检测用于识别当前情况的以及用于识别至少一种在不久的未来(例如定义的预测视野<5km)中存在的情况的数据并且在所预期的速度走向方面对所述数据进行分析。这样的用于预测速度走向的数据尤其是包括:
-导航系统(例如具有RTTI的ADAS)的关于环境信息和/或交通路线信息的地图数据以及(驾驶员特定地)进行学习的系统,用于预测最可能的前方路径、用于预测在前方弯道中的速度、用于检测前方车速限制和当前车速限制、用于预测路段的前方坡度走向、用于根据前方路段上的交通密度来预测平均速度等,和/或
-指示牌识别系统(例如KAFAS),尤其是用于识别影响要预期的速度的交通指示牌,和/或
-用于检测前方的和相关的信号灯设备的当前状态(识别交通灯状态)的相机系统以及在车辆中或通过后台来在时间上预测相关的信号灯设备(预测交通灯状态)的(进行学习的)系统,和/或
-车辆传感机构(例如雷达和KAFAS),用于检测前方行驶的其它交通参与者(尤其是前方车辆的速度和加速度),和/或
-所有的能够有助于预测所预期的速度走向的其它系统。
此外,优选求取至少一个负载相关的驾驶员交互,尤其是通过检测加速踏板位置来求取相应当前的负载期望。
按照本发明,优先根据在预定的预测视野中所预期的速度走向并且根据当前的负载相关的驾驶员交互来控制内燃机的起动和停止。此外,可以根据车辆的运行状态、如尤其是高压储存器的荷电状态来优化起动和停止行为。
将所预期的速度走向优选与用于纯电动行驶(E模式)的在充电状态(CD=“荷电耗尽(charge depleting)”,电动行驶速度上限)下和在放电状态(CS=“荷电维持(chargesustaining)”,电动行驶速度下限)下的常见的与荷电状态有关的固定或可变的最大电动行驶速度界限进行比较。如果实际速度低于当前有效的电动行驶速度界限,则按照现有技术立即停止内燃机。如果实际速度超过当前有效的电动行驶速度界限,则按照现有技术立即起动内燃机。此外,按照现有技术在这些速度界限之外也进行起动或停止,只要超过或低于与速度和电池荷电状态有关的负载界限。通过本发明,尤其是所预期的速度走向和负载走向(负载变化)并且不仅当前速度和当前负载在这些至今静态地设置的界限方面被考虑。在不久的未来中的新的情况按照本发明能够导致向上和向下(无级地)移动这些至今与情况无关地预定的起动界限和/或导致忽略这些起动界限。
借助按照本发明的控制系统的控制或按照本发明的用于控制内燃机的起动或停止的方法以定义的方式来实施,即优选这样实施,使得:
·避免仅短暂地停止或仅短暂地起动内燃机的阶段;和/或
·在负载相对低时尽可能长时间地保持E模式或在负载相对高或升高时避免E模式;和/或
·优选在开始加速过程时进行内燃机的起动,不在加速过程期间并且不在恒速行驶时进行内燃机的起动;
·优选以停止的内燃机进行要预期的长时间的减速;
·减少在客户运行中的起动和停止过程的次数。
按照本发明的控制系统的焦点在于使用交通灯阶段预测,所述交通灯阶段预测是本身已知的(例如参考本申请人的未在先公开的DE102016210071.8)、但同样还能够被进一步构造。通过交通灯阶段预测,例如借助在时间上被学习的交通灯阶段或借助进行发射的基础设施(尤其是交通灯设备)能够预先确定直至交通灯阶段变换的持续时间。按照本发明的系统以本身常见的方式装备有用于这样的基础设施数据的接收和分析单元。所述电子控制单元访问这些基础设施数据。
在此,按照本发明尤其是借助相应被设计的并且被编程的控制单元在所预期的速度走向方面分析输入信号,以便检测用于识别当前情况的以及用于识别至少一种在不久的未来中存在的情况的数据。当通过交通灯阶段预测将交通灯阶段变换识别或预测为一种在不久的未来中存在的情况时,当在当前情况下出现负载相关的驾驶员交互时(例如在松开油门时或在踩下油门时)与当前预定的电动行驶速度界限无关地控制内燃机的起动或停止。
通过本发明实现下列优点:
1)通过如下方式提高在E模式中的行驶历程
·延长在E模式中的行驶阶段(借助减少在所预期的低负载情况下的由负载决定的起动)
·在能量方面的优化
·起动鲁棒性
2)通过如下方式改善运行策略的客户可实施性、舒适性和声学
·避免短暂停止或起动内燃机
·减少停止振动
·起动鲁棒性(在低速度带中)
·减少在客户运行中的起动和停止过程
·避免在恒速行驶中的起动过程(可能借助在加速中的掩盖)
·优选在高负载情况之前起动(避免高的连接转速)
3)通过如下方式减少消耗或提高续航里程
·在预期高的负载时阻止不必要的E模式行驶
·借助避免不必要的停止过程而减少起动损耗
·通过提早停止内燃机而提高对回收能量的利用
4)通过如下方式改善运动性或响应
·避免在高负载情况之前的仅短暂的停止过程
·在高的负载要求之前提早起动内燃机。
在一个实施例中,所述控制单元被设计使得:所述控制单元立即地当在具有开动的内燃机的当前情况中存在减少负载的驾驶员交互时以及当在过渡到未来情况中时由控制系统识别出由于交通灯阶段即将变换为红色或由于红色交通灯阶段的识别出的长剩余时间而长时间减速时与低于电动行驶速度界限和/或负载界限无关地直接停止内燃机,至少直到进入所述未来情况。
在一个实施例中,所述控制单元被设计使得:仅当所预期的速度走向的减速的减少直到过渡到未来情况中的持续时间超过预定的最小持续时间时,所述控制单元才立即地当在具有开动的内燃机的当前情况中存在减少负载的驾驶员交互时以及当在过渡到未来情况中时由控制系统识别出交通灯阶段即将变换时与低于电动行驶速度界限无关地停止内燃机,至少直到进入所述未来情况。
在一个实施例中,所述控制单元被设计使得:当在未来情况中预期速度走向增加到高于当前有效的电动行驶速度界限的值时,在开始加速或负载增加时和/或在从当前情况过渡到未来情况时已经进行内燃机的起动。
在一个实施例中,所述控制单元被设计使得:当当前的或预期的速度走向不超过当前预定的电动行驶速度界限时,所述控制单元随着在当前情况中在内燃机关断时的提高负载的驾驶员交互以及当在过渡到未来情况中时识别出即将变换为红色交通灯阶段时有针对性地禁止内燃机的起动。
本发明还提供一种电子的控制单元,所述控制单元用于根据按照上述的控制系统来控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机。
本发明还提供一种用于借助至少一个电子的控制单元来控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机的方法,使得:在所预期的速度走向和所预测的交通灯阶段变换方面分析输入信号,以便检测用于识别当前情况的以及用于识别至少一种在不久的未来中存在的未来情况的数据;并且根据所预期的速度走向和所预测的交通灯阶段变换以及根据负载相关的驾驶员交互,与当前预定的电动行驶速度界限和/或负载界限无关地控制内燃机的起动和停止;以及
其中,当在过渡到未来情况中时预期即将变换为红色交通灯阶段时,立即地随着在当前情况中在内燃机关断时的提高负载的驾驶员交互而开动内燃机。
附图说明
在附图中示出示出本发明的实施例。其中:
图1示出用于实施基于控制系统的运行方法的主要需要的功能构件。
图2示出示例1:从开动的内燃机和红色交通灯阶段出发的当前情况;在不久的未来中的第一种情况:在长时间的减速之后(在减速持续时间足够时)变换为绿色交通灯阶段;所预期的速度(例如车速限制)高于最大电动行驶速度的第二种情况。
图3示出示例2:从开动的内燃机和红色交通灯阶段出发的当前情况;在不久的未来中的第一种情况:在短暂的减速之后(在减速持续时间不足时)变换为绿色交通灯阶段;所预期的速度高于最大电动行驶速度的第二种情况。
图4示出示例3:从开动的内燃机和红色交通灯阶段出发的当前情况;在不久的未来中的第一种情况:在长时间的减速之后在减速持续时间足够时)变换为绿色交通灯阶段的情形1,例如因为驾驶员对绿波助手的反应,以及在短暂的减速之后(在减速持续时间不足时)变换为绿色交通灯阶段的情形2,因为驾驶员未对绿波助手作出反应;所预期的速度高于最大电动行驶速度的第二种情况。
图5示出示例4:从开动的内燃机和红色交通灯阶段出发的当前情况;在不久的未来中的第一种情况:变换为绿色交通灯阶段的情形1(上面)和停留在红色交通灯阶段的情形2(下面)-两种情形具有在不久的未来中的第二种情况(S2)中才达到高于最大电动行驶速度上方的新目标速度时相对长时间地减速和加速。
图6示出示例5:从开动的内燃机和橙色交通灯阶段出发的当前情况;在不久的未来中的第一种情况:在持续时间足够时变换为红色交通灯阶段,在所述持续时间中不需要运行内燃机(减速时间和停车时间的总和)。
图7示出示例6:从关断的内燃机和绿色交通灯阶段出发的当前情况;在不久的未来中的第一种情况:变换为橙色交通灯阶段(经过橙色交通灯阶段变换为红色交通灯阶段)-导致短暂的负载上升。
图8示出示例7:从开动的内燃机出发的当前情况;驶入电动行驶区中的在负载去除(F-)时提早停止的第一种情况,因为按照交通灯(情况2)确定地识别出目标速度低于最大电动行驶速度。
图9示出示例8:从断开的内燃机出发的当前情况(即以低于最大电动行驶速度的速度行驶);第一种情况是在绿色交通灯之后驶出城市,其中,在负载增加(F+)时或在开始加速时提早起动。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出车辆自身的传感器系统1(其例如包括用于识别交通指示牌和前方车辆的前雷达和相机)以及用于交通路线识别和堵塞预测的导航系统2。传感器系统1也包括用于交通灯识别或交通灯预测的传感机构。备选地,交通灯预测也可以通过进行学习的后台系统来实现或辅助。交通灯预测可以被考虑到对所预期的速度走向和负载走向的确定中。这两个系统1和2的数据是预测模块3的输入信号。预测模块3被设计用于基于这些数据来求取所预期的速度走向ve和/或负载走向并且可以是在此未进一步示出的电子控制单元的功能模块。为了检测驾驶员交互,在此例如设置加速踏板传感器4,所述加速踏板传感器的输出信号FP描述驾驶员的当前负载期望或负载期望走向。在此尤其是,通过加速踏板4减少负载和提高负载的驾驶员交互的变换对于本发明是相关的。输出信号FP以及在预测模块3中所求取的预期的速度走向ve是控制功能模块5的输入信号,所述控制功能模块同样是所述控制单元的一部分。在控制功能模块5中优选包含软件程序产品,通过所述软件程序产品实现按照本发明的控制系统的运行策略。
所述运行策略建立在接着的现有技术上:如果实际速度低于当前有效的电动行驶速度界限eVMax,则按照现有技术停止内燃机。如果实际速度超过当前有效的电动行驶速度界限eVMax,则按照现有技术立即起动内燃机。相同的情况在驾驶员侧的负载期望超过或低于与速度和荷电状态有关地限定的起动或停止界限时适用。通过本发明,所预期的速度走向ve和/或类似地所预期的负载走向在这些至今静态地设置的界限方面被考虑。处于近的未来中的在此两种情况S1和S2按照本发明能够导致移动和/或忽略这些至今与情况无关的预定的电动行驶速度界限和电动行驶负载界限。关于该运行策略的细节借助按照图2至7的示例来阐述:
在图2至9中示出从当前情况S0出发至对于在不久的未来中的第一种情况S1所预期的并且可能也对于在不久的未来中的第二种情况S2所预期的速度走向ve。这三个情况处于例如大约2km的定义的预测视野中。在每个图中,在上面借助速度走向ve示出按照现有技术的运行策略,其中重叠地示出起动的或停止的内燃机。在下面类似地分别示出按照本发明的运行策略。在此借助实线相应地示出在内燃机起动时的速度ve并且借助虚线相应地示出在内燃机停止时的速度ve
在图2,作为当前情况S0首先示出恒速行驶(相应在上面的示例中为100km/h,相应在下面的示例中为70km/h),其中开动了内燃机。在当前情况S0期间,驾驶员实施减少负载的驾驶员交互FP-(例如松开加速踏板),因为例如驾驶员自身或可选地在车辆中的绿波助手当前已看见红色交通灯。通过本身已知的交通灯预测,所述至少一个控制单元也检测输入信号,所述至少一个控制单元也可以由多个控制单元(在此为3和5)组成,所述输入信号用于在所预期的速度走向ve和临近的交通灯阶段变换方面识别至少一种在不久的未来中存在的情况S1。按照图2,在过渡到在不久的未来中存在的情况S1中时,交通灯阶段变换为绿色,控制单元3、5在时间上能够预测所述交通灯阶段变换。当在驾驶员交互FP-之后减少所预期的速度走向ve直至进入在不久的未来中存在的第一种情况S1的持续时间dt大于预定的最小持续时间dt_min时,内燃机随着在当前情况S0中出现驾驶员交互FP-而已经与当前预定的电动行驶速度界限eVMax,CD或eVMax,CS无关地被停止(虚线)。
优选地,此后在未来情况S1和可能也在S2中接着预期速度走向ve增加到高于当前有效的电动行驶速度界限eVMax,CD或eVMax,CS的值时,在从当前情况S0过渡至未来情况S1时已经进行重新起动内燃机并且同时进行重新的提高负载的驾驶员交互FP+。
在按照图2的示例中,尤其是对在交通灯为绿色时或者说在进入情况S1时的提高负载的驾驶员交互FP+之前所预测的相对长时间的减速作出反应,以便通过考虑交通灯阶段的大致持续时间而实现效率和电动行驶历程。
图3示出类似图2的示例,其中在此,在驾驶员交互FP-之后减少所预期的速度走向ve直到进入在不久的未来中存在的第一种情况S1的持续时间dt小于预定的最小持续时间dt_min,例如因为在不久的未来中交通灯阶段即将变换为绿色。在该示例中,与按照现有技术定义的最大电动行驶速度无关地不停止内燃机。为此的原因是:在交通灯之后,所预期的速度再次高于最大电动行驶速度并且因此本来就需要起动内燃机。如果通过最大电动行驶速度的预先规定与情况相关地并且在包括交通灯阶段的持续时间的以及包括在交通灯之后所预期的速度的预测情况下被忽略,则禁止短暂停止内燃机。
在按照图3的示例中,尤其是对在交通灯为绿色时或者说在进入情况S1时的提高负载的驾驶员交互FP+之前所预测的相对短暂的减速作出反应,以便减少起动次数并且通过考虑交通灯阶段的大约已知的持续时间和因此考虑减速的持续时间(或在交通灯处的目标速度)来避免在交通灯处的仅短暂的停止。
在图4中示出在驾驶员对可能激活的绿波助手的反应或不反应方面的两个情形。在情形1中,减少负载的驾驶员交互F-1按照本发明导致关断内燃机,因为在情况S1中到绿色交通灯阶段的变换仍然这样长时间地持续,使得此时开始的减速超过最小持续时间dt_min。因为在此驾驶员提早地对绿波助手作出反应,所述绿波助手能够在当前情况S0中已经通知绿色交通灯。在情形2中,驾驶员未对绿波助手作出反应并且此外交通灯阶段在时间上较早地变换为绿色。减少负载的驾驶员交互F-2按照本发明不导致内燃机的关断,因为在情况S1中即将变换为绿色交通灯阶段并且因此由于空载的减速而不能达到预定的最小持续时间dt_min。借助交通灯阶段预测而可能的是:求取减速时间并且尤其是求取包括在交通灯处的停车时间的空载时间,并且因此判断随着驾驶员侧的负载去除而停止内燃机在效率方面是否值得。在此,可将由于起动内燃机的消耗与超过空载时间(减去在惯性滑行运行中的时间)的空转消耗相比较。亦即决定性的是空载时间有多长,在所述空载时间中出于效率原因可以断开内燃机。如果该时间超过最小持续时间,则值得关断内燃机,否则应该保持激活该内燃机。
在图5中示出与在图2中类似的情况,其中,在情况S1中的情形1(上面)中交通灯阶段变换为绿色并且在情况S1中的情形2(下面)中停留在红色交通灯阶段中。两种情形在于第二种情况S2中才达到新的目标速度时具有相对长时间的减速和加速。
在按照图5的示例中,通过考虑在交通灯处或在过渡至情况S1时的大致已知的目标速度而提高效率和响应。
在按照图6的示例中,在过渡至情况S1时交通灯阶段变换为红色或交通灯继续保持在红色。所预期的速度走向ve在过渡至情况S1时以零结束。利用两种减少负载的驾驶员交互F-1和F-2分别停止内燃机,因为在两个情形中在交通灯处或在过渡至情况S1时不预期直接的加速。由于该通过所预期的减速而提早地停止内燃机,提高效率和电动行驶历程。相同的适用于如下情况,即:驾驶员在交通灯为绿色并且预测红色阶段时遵守绿波助手并且提早减速。
在图7中从当前情况S0中的电动行驶运行出发。当预期在过渡到未来情况S1中时即将变换为红色交通灯阶段并且例如同时需要较大的速度差(包括超过最大电动行驶速度在内)以便在达到红色阶段之前经过交通灯和/或当前速度远远充分地低于所允许的车速限制时,随着在当前情况S0中的提高负载的驾驶员交互FP+立即开动被关断的内燃机;那么然后从如下事实出发,即:驾驶员在橙色交通灯阶段中加大油门并且不保持在红色交通灯处。而如果在不超过最大电动行驶速度的情况下轻微的速度提高足以用于在达到红色阶段之前经过交通灯,则运行策略功能根据当前的负载和速度实现起动鲁棒性。因此,一旦驾驶员加速,则不同于按照现有技术地,不出现内燃机的由负载决定的和最后不必要的和短暂的起动。
在按照图7的示例中,按照本发明通过考虑在交通灯处或在过渡到情况S1时的大约已知的目标速度而提高效率。在第一种情形(上面,在城市之外、CD运行)中随着驾驶员交互FP+开动内燃机,因为在交通灯处或在过渡到情况S1中时要预期的速度走向ve显著超过确定的阈值(在此例如为电动行驶速度上限)并且因此重点放在功率上。在第二种情况(下面,在城市之内、CS运行)中,随着驾驶员交互FP+不开动内燃机,因为在交通灯处或在过渡到情况S1中时要预期的速度走向ve不超过或仅不显著地超过确定的阈值(在此例如为电动行驶速度下限)以及不预期大的速度提高并且因此重点放在起动鲁棒性上。
在按照图8的示例7中,在交通灯之前的当前速度高于最大电动行驶速度,而在交通灯之后所预测的速度低于最大电动行驶速度。在该情形中,交通灯的状态是不重要,仅必须识别出存在交通灯。一旦由驾驶员开始减速,则应该在目标状态下立即停止内燃机。当前,这在低于最大电动行驶速度时才进行。所述示例示出用于提高效率和电动行驶历程的有利措施,因为整个的减速电动地进行,并且因此也出现提高的回收潜力。
按照图9的示例8说明相反的情形,即:在交通灯之前的当前速度低于最大电动行驶速度,而在交通灯之后所预测的速度高于最大电动行驶速度。按照现有技术,在超过最大电动行驶速度或电动行驶负载界限时才起动。而按照本发明,控制单元在开始加速不久后已经起动内燃机,只要交通灯变换或已变换为绿色。由于前方车辆和至交通灯的过大距离,不能够轻易地直接利用相机检测交通灯状态,因此需要交通灯阶段预测,以便相应地作出反应。通过该措施产生如下优点,即:提高用于加速的响应特性(响应)和提高起动舒适性。此外,为之后的行驶区段保存高压储存器的电能,在所述行驶区段中纯电动行驶运行比内燃机式行驶运行显著更高效。

Claims (7)

1.一种控制系统,所述控制系统具有至少一个电子的控制单元(3、5)用于控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机,其中,所述控制单元(3、5)被设计使得:所述控制单元在所预期的速度走向(ve)和/或负载走向方面分析输入信号,以便检测用于识别当前情况(S0)的数据以及用于识别至少一种在不久的未来中存在的未来情况(S1、S2)的数据;并且当所述控制单元将交通灯阶段及其持续时间识别为在不久的未来中存在的未来情况(S1)时,所述控制单元当在当前情况(S0)中出现负载相关的驾驶员交互(FP;FP-、FP+)时与当前预定的电动行驶速度界限(eVMax,CD、eVMax,CS)和/或负载界限无关地控制内燃机的起动或停止;以及
其中,所述控制单元(3、5)被设计使得:当在过渡到未来情况(S1)中时预期即将变换为红色交通灯阶段时,所述控制单元立即地随着在当前情况(S0)中在内燃机关断时的提高负载的驾驶员交互(FP+)而开动内燃机。
2.按照权利要求1所述的控制系统,其特征在于,所述控制单元(3、5)被设计使得:所述控制单元立即地当在具有开动的内燃机的当前情况(S0)中存在减少负载的驾驶员交互(FP-)时以及当在过渡到未来情况(S1)中时由控制系统识别出由于交通灯阶段即将变换为红色或由于红色交通灯阶段的识别出的长剩余时间而长时间减速时与低于电动行驶速度界限(eVMax,CD、eVMax,CS)和/或负载界限无关地直接停止内燃机,至少直到进入所述未来情况(S1)。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的控制系统,其特征在于,所述控制单元(3、5)被设计使得:仅当所预期的速度走向(ve)的减速的减少直到过渡到未来情况(S1)中的持续时间超过预定的最小持续时间(dt_min)时,所述控制单元才立即地当在具有开动的内燃机的当前情况(S0)中存在减少负载的驾驶员交互(FP-)时以及当在过渡到未来情况(S1)中时由控制系统识别出交通灯阶段即将变换时与低于电动行驶速度界限(eVMax,CD、eVMax,CS)无关地停止内燃机,至少直到进入所述未来情况(S1)。
4.按照权利要求中1或2所述的控制系统,其特征在于,所述控制单元(3、5)被设计使得:当在未来情况(S1、S2)中预期速度走向(ve)增加到高于当前有效的电动行驶速度界限(eVMax,CD或eVMax,CS)的值时,在开始加速或负载增加时和/或在从当前情况(S0)过渡到未来情况(S1)时已经进行内燃机的起动。
5.按照权利要求中1或2所述的控制系统,其特征在于,所述控制单元(3、5)被设计使得:当当前的或预期的速度走向(ve)不超过当前预定的电动行驶速度界限(eVMax,CS)时,所述控制单元随着在当前情况(S0)中在内燃机关断时的提高负载的驾驶员交互(FP+)以及当在过渡到未来情况(S1)中时识别出即将变换为红色交通灯阶段时有针对性地禁止内燃机的起动。
6.一种电子的控制单元(3、5),所述控制单元用于根据按照权利要求1至5中任一项所述的控制系统来控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机。
7.一种用于借助至少一个电子的控制单元(3、5)来控制混合动力车辆中的内燃机的方法,使得:在所预期的速度走向(ve)和所预测的交通灯阶段变换方面分析输入信号,以便检测用于识别当前情况(S0)的以及用于识别至少一种在不久的未来中存在的未来情况(S1、S2)的数据;并且根据所预期的速度走向和所预测的交通灯阶段变换以及根据负载相关的驾驶员交互(FP),与当前预定的电动行驶速度界限(eVMax,CS、eVMax,CS)和/或负载界限无关地控制内燃机的起动和停止;以及
其中,当在过渡到未来情况(S1)中时预期即将变换为红色交通灯阶段时,立即地随着在当前情况(S0)中在内燃机关断时的提高负载的驾驶员交互(FP+)而开动内燃机。
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