CN108285980B - The method of metal in inorganic Ore Leaching-bioleaching collaboration recycling lithium ion battery - Google Patents
The method of metal in inorganic Ore Leaching-bioleaching collaboration recycling lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108285980B CN108285980B CN201810234039.8A CN201810234039A CN108285980B CN 108285980 B CN108285980 B CN 108285980B CN 201810234039 A CN201810234039 A CN 201810234039A CN 108285980 B CN108285980 B CN 108285980B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0065—Leaching or slurrying
- C22B15/0067—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
- C22B15/0071—Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof containing sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
- C22B19/22—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling with leaching with acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
- C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
- C22B23/043—Sulfurated acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention belongs to old and useless battery metal recovery processing technology field, a kind of method that metal in lithium ion battery is recycled in inorganic Ore Leaching-bioleaching collaboration, the domestication including (1) Thiobacillus ferrooxidans；(2) battery is disassembled；(3) Ore Leaching: putting into inorganic acid into mixed electrode material powder, obtains the solution containing heavy metal and electrode powder, and reaction system final pH is 1.8-2.5；(4) bioleaching: adding culture solution, and the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans tamed be added in Xiang Shangshu solution, by mixed liquor precipitation and separation after reaction, isolated mixed liquor is centrifuged, and the liquid containing heavy metal being centrifuged carries out heavy metal recovery.This technique combines inorganic Ore Leaching with bioleaching, and sour dosage is few, and metal leaching rate is high, has played the mild advantage of bioleaching reaction condition, environmental protection, safety.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to old and useless battery metal recovery processing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of inorganic Ore Leaching-biology leaching
The method of metal in filter collaboration recycling lithium ion battery.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery applications are more and more extensive with the development of science and technology, and the electronic products such as mobile phone, computer use at present
Lithium ion battery is as energy storage unit, but being continuously increased for lithium ion battery learies causes serious dirt to environment
Dye.
Waste and old lithium ion battery is important non-ferrous metal secondary resource, distinguishes in waste lithium ion containing cobalt, lithium, nickel
For 5-15%, 2-7%, 0.5-2%, there are also the metallic elements such as Cu, Al, Fe.Especially China's cobalt resource extremely lacks, and lithium from
The mass fraction of cobalt can achieve l5% in sub- battery, and cobalt content is 850 times or so of association cobalt ore content, have very high time
Receive value.
Along with the commercially use of lithium ion battery, the research recycled to it has been begun to both at home and abroad.Recycling benefit
Original power is valuable metal therein, the especially non-ferrous metals such as cobalt cupro-nickel.In making profits again for waste and old lithium ion battery
At most with hydrometallurgical technology application in technology, wherein the first step recycled is extract technology.Inorganic Ore Leaching is generally used, but
Not only inorganic acid dosage is big, and it is poor to be also easy to produce acid mist, environmental condition, and environmental protection is not up to standard, it is necessary to which acid mist collecting processing increases fortune
Row cost, moreover, still some metal can not leach after Ore Leaching.
Summary of the invention
Invention broadly provides the sides of metal in a kind of inorganic Ore Leaching-bioleaching collaboration recycling lithium ion battery
Method, the technique that inorganic Ore Leaching is combined with bioleaching improve metal compared to the dosage that conventional method can reduce acid
Leaching rate.Its technical solution is as follows:
A kind of method that metal in lithium ion battery is recycled in inorganic Ore Leaching-bioleaching collaboration, comprising the following steps:
(1) Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: being first activated by the domestication of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, then is containing mixed electrode material
It is tamed repeatedly in the culture solution at feed powder end, obtains the strong Thiobacillus ferrooxidans of tolerance；
(2) battery is disassembled: waste and old lithium ion battery being disassembled removal shell, electric discharge and is crushed, positive and negative anodes mixing electricity is obtained
Pole material powder；
(3) Ore Leaching: mixed electrode material powder is put into the first reaction tank, puts into inorganic acid into the first reaction tank
It is mixed with electrode material powder, hybrid reaction 2-5h, obtains the solution containing heavy metal and electrode powder that pH is 1.8-2.5,
The solution is put into the second reaction tank；
(4) bioleaching: into the second reaction tank plus culture solution carries out pulp, and the ferrous oxide sulphur bar tamed is added
Bacterium is stirred to react 4-10 days, and mixed liquor is carried out precipitation and separation, and isolated electrode powder slag carries out harmless treatment, point
It is centrifuged from obtained mixed liquor, the thallus being centrifuged, which is returned in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans culture tank, to be continued to cultivate, centrifugation
The obtained liquid containing heavy metal carries out heavy metal recovery.
Preferably, the acclimation method of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is in step (1), will contain ferrous oxide sulphur bar after activation
Bacterium bacterium solution adds in culture solution, adjusts initial pH to 1.8-3, and mixed electrode material powder, which is added, makes its concentration 0.8-1.2g/
L, shaking table culture, periodic measurement culture solution pH terminate to cultivate when culture solution pH maintains 1.8-3.5, and above-mentioned is a circulation, under
One circulation repeats aforesaid operations, and each circulation guarantees to draw the bacterium solution in upper Cyclic culture liquid into new culture solution
The relatively upper circulation of the additional amount of mixed electrode material increases 5-15%, until mixed electrode material powder concentration increases to 1.5-
Circulation terminates when 2.0g/L, and domestication is completed.
Preferably, culture solution described in step (1) is 9K fluid nutrient medium, the addition containing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterium solution
Amount accounts for the 1/4-1/6 of nutrient solution volume.
Preferably, acid described in step (3) is inorganic acid, and the inorganic acid is sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide according to 1:0.5-1's
Mass ratio configures, and the sulfuric acid concentration is 0.75mol/L.
Preferably, the solid-liquid mass volume ratio of electrode material powder and inorganic acid dosage is (1:10-15) in step (3)
g/L。
Preferably, culture solution described in step (4) is 9K fluid nutrient medium.
Using the above scheme, the invention has the following advantages that
The present invention obtains one plant of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans through long-term separation, screening, domestication
(Thiobacillusferrooxidans, T.f), the bacterial strain have the characteristics that adaptable, tolerance various heavy, especially
The heavy metals such as copper, nickel, zinc, the cobalt of enduring high-concentration.Using this plant of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (referred to as: CHFe) to inorganic Ore Leaching
Used Li ion cell material powder afterwards carries out biology leaching drip and leaches, is useless to obtain the high leaching rate of the metals such as cobalt, copper, nickel
The subsequent metal recovery of lithium ion battery provides preparation.
This technique combines inorganic Ore Leaching with bioleaching, it is possible to reduce sour dosage improves environmental condition, improves
The leaching rate of metal, while having played the mild advantage of bioleaching reaction condition, whole process less acid-consuming, environmental protection, safety.
Specific embodiment
Experimental method in following embodiment is conventional method unless otherwise required, related experiment reagent and material
Material is conventional biochemical reagent and material unless otherwise required.
Embodiment 1
1. the domestication of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
First three times by the activation of CHFe bacterium, then domestication 6 months is carried out.Steps are as follows for domestication: the CHFe bacterium solution of activation is taken
It in the conical flask of 20ml to 105ml 9K culture solution, adjusts initial pH to 1.8-3 (optimal is 2), 0.1-0.15g is added (most
Good is 0.125g) mixed electrode material powder, be uniformly mixed be placed on shaking table, 30 DEG C, 120rmin-1Lower mixing training
It supports 14 days, every the pH value of survey in 24 hours, until pH is maintained within the scope of 1.8-3.5 and no longer risen.Repeat above-mentioned steps,
But the dosage of mixed electrode material increases by 10% in each repetitive process, continues domestication culture, points to mixed electrode material
Powder concn increases to 1.5-2.0g/L, after the last one is recycled to the 14th day, mixed electrode of the CHFe bacterium to 1.5-2.0g/L
PH maintains 2-3 range in material mixed liquor, stops domestication.
Separated, screened, tamed for a long time, obtain one plant of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (Thiobacillusferrooxidans,
T.f), which has the characteristics that adaptable, tolerance various heavy, the especially copper of enduring high-concentration, nickel, zinc, cobalt etc.
Heavy metal.Using this plant of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (referred to as: CHFe) to the used Li ion cell material powder after inorganic Ore Leaching,
It carries out biology leaching drip to leach, is the subsequent metal recovery of used Li ion cell to obtain the high leaching rate of the metals such as cobalt, copper, nickel
It provides and prepares.
2. battery dismantling, decladding, crushing
Waste and old lithium ion battery is disassembled into decapsidate, electric discharge, crushing, respectively obtains the powder of anode and cathode mixed materials.
3. inorganic Ore Leaching
The powder of mixed electrode material is put into the first reaction tank, by H2SO4(concentration 0.75mol/L) and H2O2According to
The configuration of 1:0.5-1 mass ratio is added to the by the solid-liquid mass volume ratio ratio of 1:10-15 (g/L) (optimal proportion 1:13)
In one reaction tank, mixed with mixed electrode powder.Hybrid reaction 3 hours, obtaining pH was 2.0 containing heavy metal and electrode powder
The solution is put into the second reaction tank by solution.
4. bioleaching
Into the second reaction tank plus culture solution carries out pulp, while the cultured ferrous oxide sulphur bar in culture tank is added
Bacterium (referred to as: CHFe), controls 30 DEG C of reaction temperature, opens stirring and stops stirring after reaction 4-10 days, it is heavy that mixed liquor is entered
Shallow lake pond precipitation and separation, electrode powder slag enter harmlessness disposing, and mixed liquor enters the thallus that centrifuge is centrifuged and flows back into oxygen
Change and continue to cultivate in ferrous Thiobacillus culture tank, in the technique of subsequent recovery containing heavy metal solution being centrifuged.
Embodiment 2
Battery dismantling: used Li ion cell is disassembled into decapsidate, electric discharge, crushing, obtains positive and negative anodes mixed electrode material
Powder 1.5kg.
Ore Leaching: the positive and negative anodes mixed electrode material powder 1.5kg put into the first reaction tank, by 1:13 solid-liquid
H is added in mass volume ratio2SO4(concentration 0.75mol/L)-H2O2(1:1) 19.5m3, reaction mixing 3 hours, obtaining pH is 2 to contain
There is the solution of heavy metal and electrode powder, solution is put into the second reaction tank.
Bioleaching: 1m is added in the second reaction tank3The CHFe bacterium solution tamed through 1 acclimation method of embodiment and 9K
Culture solution (1:5.5) controls 30 DEG C of reaction temperature, opens stirring and stops stirring after reaction 7 days, mixing liquid is precipitated
Separation, isolated electrode powder slag carry out harmless treatment, and isolated liquid is centrifuged, and centrifugation is contained
Heavy metal liquid, the thallus being centrifuged, which is back in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans culture tank, to be continued to cultivate.It will obtain containing a huge sum of money
Belong to liquid to recycle by subsequent conventional recycling processes, obtain cobalt in inorganic acid-bioleaching technique, nickel, copper the rate of recovery divide
It Wei 94.3%, 94.0% and 96.8%.
Comparative example 1
Bioleaching step in embodiment 2 is omitted, and improves the concentration of sulfuric acid in Ore Leaching step to 5mol/L, by 1:
H is added in 13 solid-liquid mass volume ratios2SO4(concentration 5mol/L)-H2O2(1:1) 19.5m3, other steps are the same as embodiment 2, directly general
The liquid phase that Ore Leaching obtains using recovery process recycle, obtain the cobalt in inorganic acid extract technology, nickel, copper the rate of recovery be respectively
91.7%, 93.6%, 96.4%.
Compared to Ore Leaching-bioleaching technique, although individual acidleach simple process, will obtain higher satisfaction
The metal recovery rate of industrial requirements, it is necessary to the concentration and dosage of acid are improved, and the acid of high concentration can corrode equipment, generate acid
Mist causes environmental condition poor, and acid mist absorption treating device also will increase cost.
Comparative example 2
Ore Leaching step in embodiment 2 is omitted, directly the powder of mixed electrode material is added in the second reaction tank, and
The reaction time is improved to 14 days, other steps are with embodiment 2, the recovered work of the liquid containing heavy metal for directly obtaining bioleaching
Skill recycling, obtain the cobalt in bioleaching technique, nickel, copper the rate of recovery be respectively 64.3%, 6.3%, 54.5%.
Bioleaching technique, which leaches the heavy metal in used Li ion cell, has acid consumption few, at low cost, easy to operate
Advantage, but relative to Ore Leaching-bioleaching technique, the individual bioleaching technological reaction duration is longer, and returns
Yield is very low.
Comparative example 3
By in embodiment 2 Ore Leaching and bioleaching step exchange, i.e., first carry out bioleaching step carry out acidleach again
Step out, specific as follows:
Battery dismantling: used Li ion cell is disassembled into decapsidate, electric discharge, crushing, obtains positive and negative anodes mixed electrode material
Powder 1.5kg.
Bioleaching: the anode and cathode mixed materials powder 1.5kg that battery is disassembled is added in the first reaction tank, and adds
Enter 1m3The CHFe bacterium solution tamed through 1 acclimation method of embodiment and 9K culture solution (1:5.5), control 30 DEG C of reaction temperature, open
Stirring is opened to stop stirring after reaction 7 days, mixed liquor is carried out precipitation and separation, isolated electrode powder slag enters Ore Leaching
Step, isolated mixed liquor is centrifuged, then mixed liquor is centrifugated, and obtains liquid containing heavy metal and thallus, thallus
It returns in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans culture tank and continues to cultivate, liquid containing heavy metal retains spare.
Ore Leaching: mixed electrode material of the investment by bioleaching processing in the second reaction tank, by 1:13 solid-liquid matter
It measures volume ratio and H is added2SO4(concentration 0.75mol/L)-H2O2(1:1) 19.5m3, reaction mixing 3 hours, then solid is separated out, and
Retain liquid phase.The liquid containing heavy metal handled through bioleaching is mixed with the liquid phase obtained through Ore Leaching.By subsequent
Conventional recycling processes recycling, obtain the cobalt in inorganic acid-bioleaching technique, nickel, copper the rate of recovery be respectively 78.9%,
30.2%, 73.5%.
Technique before bioleaching to be placed on to Ore Leaching as known from the above is lower for the rate of recovery of metal.And by acidleach
Good reaction environment can be provided for bioleaching technique before being placed on bioleaching out, it is raw to be conducive to Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
The long and leaching to metal, will be higher by much the rate of recovery of metal.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that can make various other according to the above description of the technical scheme and ideas
Corresponding change and deformation, and all these changes and deformation all should belong to the protection scope of the claims in the present invention
Within.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of inorganic Ore Leaching-bioleaching collaboration recycling lithium ion battery in metal method, it is characterised in that: including with
Lower step:
(1) Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: being first activated by the domestication of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, then is containing mixed electrode material powder
It is tamed repeatedly in the culture solution at end, obtains the strong Thiobacillus ferrooxidans of tolerance；
(2) battery is disassembled: waste and old lithium ion battery being disassembled removal shell, electric discharge and is crushed, positive and negative anodes mixed electrode material is obtained
Feed powder end；
(3) Ore Leaching: mixed electrode material powder is put into the first reaction tank, and inorganic acid and electricity are put into the first reaction tank
The mixing of pole material powder, hybrid reaction 2-5h obtain the solution containing heavy metal and electrode powder that pH is 1.8-2.5, will be molten
Liquid is put into the second reaction tank；
(4) bioleaching: into the second reaction tank plus culture solution carries out pulp, and the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans tamed is added,
It is stirred to react 4-10 days, mixed liquor is subjected to precipitation and separation, isolated electrode powder slag carries out harmless treatment, separates
To mixed liquor be centrifuged, the thallus being centrifuged, which is returned in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans culture tank, to be continued to cultivate, and centrifugation obtains
Liquid containing heavy metal carry out heavy metal recovery；
The acclimation method of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is in step (1), by adding to after activation containing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterium solution
In culture solution, initial pH to 1.8-3 is adjusted, mixed electrode material powder, which is added, makes its concentration 0.8-1.2g/L, shaking table culture,
Periodic measurement culture solution pH, terminates to cultivate when culture solution pH maintains 1.8-3.5, and above-mentioned is a circulation, and subsequent cycle is to inhale
It takes the bacterium solution in a Cyclic culture liquid into new culture solution, repeats aforesaid operations, and each circulation guarantees mixed electrode material
The relatively upper circulation of the additional amount of material increases 5-15%, circulation when mixed electrode material powder concentration increases to 1.5-2.0g/L
Terminate, domestication is completed；
Acid described in step (3) is inorganic acid, and the inorganic acid is that sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide are configured according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5-1
It forms, the sulfuric acid concentration is 0.75mol/L；The solid-liquid mass body of electrode material powder and inorganic acid dosage in step (3)
Product is than being (1:10-15) g/L.
2. the method for metal in inorganic Ore Leaching according to claim 1-bioleaching collaboration recycling lithium ion battery,
Be characterized in that: culture solution described in step (1) is 9K fluid nutrient medium, and the additional amount containing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterium solution accounts for training
The 1/4-1/6 of nutrient solution volume.
3. the method for metal in inorganic Ore Leaching according to claim 1-bioleaching collaboration recycling lithium ion battery,
Be characterized in that: culture solution described in step (4) is 9K fluid nutrient medium.
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| CN113528831A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-22 | 北京建筑大学 | Method for maximum recovery of valuable metals in critical waste and standard-reaching detoxification of residues |
| CN114317998B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-04 | 上海第二工业大学 | Method for treating impurity metal in waste palladium-carbon catalyst by coupling micro-electric field with microorganism |
| CN114959304B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2024-09-24 | 上海第二工业大学 | Method for selectively leaching and recovering lithium in waste lithium iron phosphate power battery black powder by utilizing acidophilic thiobacillus ferrooxidans |
| CN116287774B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2024-07-26 | 中南大学 | Biological extraction method of clay type lithium ore |
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