CN108285350A - 一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,包括基料和结合剂,所述基料的组成为碳化硅骨料30~40wt%、硅酸盐矿物10~55wt%、工业级铝质原料5~35wt%、堇青石10~35wt%,所述结合剂的用量为基料的6~12wt%。此外还公开了上述三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料的制备方法。本发明以原位合成的方式在碳化硅骨料颗粒之间引入高强、低膨胀的莫来石‑堇青石基质作为结合相,有效解决了现有技术人工合成粉料和骨料不易混合均匀、难以结合的问题,避免了由此所导致的低强度、抗热震性能差等技术缺陷,显著提高了碳化硅耐火材料的品质。本发明工艺简单,不仅降低了烧成温度,而且大幅降低了制造成本,具有广阔的市场前景,有利于促进行业技术的进步与应用发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
耐火材料在冶金、水泥、玻璃、陶瓷等行业应用十分广泛,其质量与承烧制品的质量及生产成本有着直接的关联。由于长期在高温中使用,耐火材料需要具有高强、低热膨胀、高耐火性、高抗蠕变性等性能,以及良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性。由于碳化硅材料具有高温强度大、荷重软化温度高、热稳定性及导热性好等优点,因此广泛用作耐火材料。
现有碳化硅耐火材料的材质体系以粘土-碳化硅、莫来石-碳化硅等为主,即以碳化硅为骨料,以粘土、莫来石细粉、氧化铝(或氢氧化铝)细粉、二氧化硅细粉等氧化物材料为基质。然而,现有技术的材质体系普遍存在着低强和热膨胀系数高等缺点(抗折强度通常低于60MPa,热膨胀系数通常高于4.7×10-6·℃-1),其原因主要在于:
(1)现有技术中用到的大部分原料(如莫来石、刚玉等)主要是人工合成的,与碳化硅骨料是两种固相之间的混合,不仅很难混合均匀,而且二者的结合属于物理性接触,难以产生化学键合,因而容易造成产品质量不稳定、强度低等缺点,使得碳化硅耐火材料的品质难以提升。
(2)莫来石和刚玉等结合相的热膨胀系数高(前者的热膨胀系数为5.3×10-6·℃-1,后者则为8.8×10-6·℃-1),从而导致此相关产品的热膨胀系数通常较高,抗热震性能较差。
由于强度与热膨胀系数是直接影响材料抗热震性的关键因素,因此亟需研究开发一种高强、低膨胀的碳化硅质耐火材料,以满足行业技术与应用发展的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,以有效提高材料的强度、抗热震性能,从而极大地提升产品质量,并降低生产成本,更好地满足行业技术与应用发展的需求。本发明的另一目的在于提供上述三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,包括基料和结合剂,所述基料的组成为碳化硅骨料30~40wt%、硅酸盐矿物10~55wt%、工业级铝质原料5~35wt%、堇青石10~35wt%。
进一步地,本发明所述硅酸盐矿物为红柱石、硅线石、蓝晶石、或铝矾土;所述工业级铝质原料为α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3、或Al(OH)3。
上述方案中,本发明所述碳化硅骨料的粒度为60~325目,硅酸盐矿物的粒度为180~250目,工业级铝质原料的粒度为180~250目,堇青石的粒度为250~325目。所述结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液。
本发明的另一目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的上述三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料的制备方法如下:将所述基料混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀;压制成型、干燥后得到的生坯,进行烧结处理,烧成后即制得堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
本发明通过配方体系,在碳化硅骨料中通过原位合成的方式引入高强的莫来石(莫来石结合相由硅酸盐矿物和工业级铝质原料的共混物高温原位合成得到),并添加低膨胀的堇青石作为结合相。结合的方式是利用原料共混物在烧成过程中产生的液相,该液相与轻微氧化的碳化硅骨料润湿性良好,从而能够均匀地附着在碳化硅骨料颗粒表面。液相将碳化硅骨料颗粒粘结在一起的同时,从中原位析出莫来石,从而在碳化硅骨料颗粒之间引入了高强、低膨胀的硅酸盐相作为结合相,获得三元复合的堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
进一步地,本发明制备方法所述干燥后的生坯其水分含量<0.5%。
上述方案中,本发明制备方法所述烧结温度为1300~1400℃,烧成时间为1~2h。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明以原位合成的方式引入莫来石,能与堇青石一起均匀地分布在碳化硅骨料的颗粒表面,并产生化学键合,从而实现在碳化硅骨料颗粒之间引入高强、低膨胀的硅酸盐相作为结合相,有效解决了现有技术人工合成粉料和骨料不易混合均匀、难以结合的问题,避免了由此所导致的低强度等技术缺陷,显著提高了碳化硅耐火材料的品质。同时,通过引入低热膨胀的堇青石,可大幅度降低耐火材料的热膨胀系数,有利于减弱急冷急热过程中材料内部所产生的热应力,从而有助于提高产品的抗热震性。本发明三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料的主要性能指标为:抗折强度80~100MPa、热膨胀系数3.8~4.0×10-6·℃-1。
(2)本发明工艺简单,不仅降低了烧成温度,而且大幅降低了制造成本,具有广阔的市场前景,有利于促进行业技术的进步与应用发展。
附图说明
下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述:
图1是本发明实施例所制得的堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料的显微结构(扫描电镜二次电子像)。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
1、本实施例一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为碳化硅骨料(80~325目)30wt%、红柱石(180目)30wt%、α-Al2O3(325目)20wt%、堇青石(325目)20wt%,结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的8wt%。
2、本实施例一种利用天然矿物为原料的刚玉-碳化硅复合陶瓷材料如下:
将上述基料混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀;经搅拌、困料后,根据产品尺寸选择适当的压力压制成型,在110℃温度下干燥而得到生坯(入窑水分<0.5%);然后在1300℃温度下烧成1h,即制得堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
实施例二:
1、本实施例一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为碳化硅骨料(60~325目)35wt%、硅线石(180目)40wt%、γ-Al2O3(325目)15wt%、堇青石(325目)10wt%,结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的10wt%。
2、本实施例一种利用天然矿物为原料的刚玉-碳化硅复合陶瓷材料如下:
将上述基料混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀;经搅拌、困料后,根据产品尺寸选择适当的压力压制成型,在110℃温度下干燥而得到生坯(入窑水分<0.5%);然后在1400℃温度下烧成1h,即制得堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
实施例三:
1、本实施例一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为碳化硅骨料(60~325目)30wt%、蓝晶石(180目)25wt%、Al(OH)3(325目)30wt%、堇青石(325目)15wt%,结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的6wt%。
2、本实施例一种利用天然矿物为原料的刚玉-碳化硅复合陶瓷材料如下:
将上述基料混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀;经搅拌、困料后,根据产品尺寸选择适当的压力压制成型,在110℃温度下干燥而得到生坯(入窑水分<0.5%);然后在1340℃温度下烧成2h,即制得堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
实施例四:
1、本实施例一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为碳化硅骨料(60~325目)40wt%、红柱石(180目)25wt%、α-Al2O3(325目)15wt%、堇青石(325目)20wt%,结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的6wt%。
2、本实施例一种利用天然矿物为原料的刚玉-碳化硅复合陶瓷材料如下:
将上述基料混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀;经搅拌、困料后,根据产品尺寸选择适当的压力压制成型,在110℃温度下干燥而得到生坯(入窑水分<0.5%);然后在1380℃温度下烧成2h,即制得堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
实施例五:
1、本实施例一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为碳化硅骨料(60~325目)40wt%、蓝晶石(180目)20wt%、γ-Al2O3(325目)28wt%、堇青石(325目)12wt%,结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的8wt%。
2、本实施例一种利用天然矿物为原料的刚玉-碳化硅复合陶瓷材料如下:
将上述基料混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀;经搅拌、困料后,根据产品尺寸选择适当的压力压制成型,在110℃温度下干燥而得到生坯(入窑水分<0.5%);然后在1360℃温度下烧成1h,即制得堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
实施例六:
1、本实施例一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为碳化硅骨料(60~325目)35wt%、铝矾土(180目)50wt%、γ-Al2O3(250目)5wt%、堇青石(325目)10wt%,结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的7wt%。
2、本实施例一种利用天然矿物为原料的刚玉-碳化硅复合陶瓷材料如下:
将上述基料混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀;经搅拌、困料后,根据产品尺寸选择适当的压力压制成型,在110℃温度下干燥而得到生坯(入窑水分<0.5%);然后在1340℃温度下烧成2h,即制得堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
实施例七:
1、本实施例一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,包括基料和结合剂,基料的组成为碳化硅骨料(60~325目)40wt%、硅线石(180目)10wt%、α-Al2O3(325目)15wt%、堇青石(325目)35wt%,结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液,其用量为基料的6wt%。
2、本实施例一种利用天然矿物为原料的刚玉-碳化硅复合陶瓷材料如下:
将上述基料混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀;经搅拌、困料后,根据产品尺寸选择适当的压力压制成型,在110℃温度下干燥而得到生坯(入窑水分<0.5%);然后在1350℃温度下烧成2h,即制得堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
如图1所示,本发明实施例制得的堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料,在碳化硅骨料颗粒之间引入的堇青石-莫来石基质,不仅包裹在碳化硅骨料颗粒的表面,并且以化学键合的方式结合,混合均匀、结合稳定牢固,有利于提高碳化硅耐火材料的品质。
Claims (7)
1.一种三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,其特征在于:包括基料和结合剂,所述基料的组成为碳化硅骨料30~40wt%、硅酸盐矿物10~55wt%、工业级铝质原料5~35wt%、堇青石10~35wt%,所述结合剂的用量为基料的6~12wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,其特征在于:所述硅酸盐矿物为红柱石、硅线石、蓝晶石、或铝矾土;所述工业级铝质原料为α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3、或Al(OH)3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,其特征在于:所述碳化硅骨料的粒度为60~325目,硅酸盐矿物的粒度为180~250目,工业级铝质原料的粒度为180~250目,堇青石的粒度为250~325目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料,其特征在于:所述结合剂为浓度5wt%的PVA溶液。
5.权利要求1-4之一所述三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:将所述基料混合后,加入结合剂混合均匀;压制成型、干燥后得到的生坯,进行烧结处理,烧成后即制得堇青石-莫来石-碳化硅质耐火材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述干燥后的生坯其水分含量<0.5%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的三元复合碳化硅质耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述烧结温度为1300~1400℃,烧成时间为1~2h。
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